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others a little farther behind. As this naturally created alarm, McIntyre said, "donβt be afraid, I know them", and immediately laying down his gun, stepped forward, and spoke to them in their own language. The
Indians, finding they were discovered, kept slowly retreating, and McIntyre accompanied them about a hundred yards, talking familiarly all the while. One of them now jumped on a fallen tree and, without giving the least warning of his intention, launched his spear at McIntyre and lodged it in his left side. The person who committed this wanton act was described as a young man with a speck or blemish on his left eye. That he had been lately among us was evident from his being newly shaved.
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child's spirit from the land. And that child grows within her. And so he was different and he became more different. He became better than everybody else. Whatever anyone else could do, Pemulwuy did it better. He could run further, he was one of the best, he could use a spear like no-one else could. And so, around him, was created an aura of difference. So much so that he was said to be a clever man. In an
Aboriginal society, clever man is often a man who deals with the spiritual nature of things and sorcery even.
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Following the death of
Pemulwuy, Governor King wrote to Lord Hobart that on the death of Pemulwuy he was given his head by the Aboriginal people as Pemulwuy "had been the cause of all that had happened". The Governor issued orders with immediate effect to not "molest or ill-treat any native", and to
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Normally, a child that showed an obvious deformity would've been, well, people would have expected that child to be sent back, to be reborn again. It was generally thought that humans, like everything, came from the land. And that a woman, the actual act of conception, was a woman being infected by a
577:
After the Battle of
Parramatta, Pemulwuy obtained the reputation amongst the Aboriginal people of being invincible to British firearms, and was thought to have been the main organiser of subsequent raids on British farms to obtain food. However, his injuries had affected his ability as a fighter and
458:
ordered
Lieutenant Tench to gather his company of marines and lead an expedition against the Bidjigal in retaliation for Pemulwuy's attack on McIntyre. He ordered that two Bidjigal were to be captured and ten killed; these ten were then to be beheaded and the heads returned to the settlement. Tench
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at a soldier prompting the government troops and settlers to open fire. Pemulwuy was shot seven times and was wounded. The
Aboriginal warriors threw many spears, hitting one man in the arm. The difference in firepower was evident and five Aboriginal warriors were killed instantly, with many others
203:
When
Pemulwuy grew into manhood, he became Bemul Wagan, which represents "the earth and the crow". According to Indigenous activist Dharug man Uncle Richard Green, "he wasn't very impressed with the mix of cultures. He preferred that we stayed within our own peoples". Another name for him was Butu
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About one oβclock, the sergeant was awakened by a rustling noise in the bushes near him, and supposing it to proceed from a kangaroo, called to his comrades, who instantly jumped up. On looking about more narrowly, they saw two natives with spears in their hands, creeping towards them, and three
625:"After being wounded, all the people believed that he was immune to British bullets," says Richard Green. "So he'd stand out in front and, you know, stand right out in front of them and take them on, you know? So after 12 years, his time ran out. He got his shot and he took it."
441:
The group was pursued by the settlers with muskets, but they escaped. McIntyre was taken back to the settlement, gravely wounded. Tench suspected that McIntyre had previously killed
Aboriginal people, and noted the fear and hatred that the Aboriginal people, including
592:, stones, he defeated the British army that they sent here. Every single soldier except for Watkin Tench, that they sent in pursuit of Pemulwuy either walked back into the community with their saddle over their shoulders or they didn't make it back".
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The wounded
Pemulwuy was captured and placed into custody at the hospital in Parramatta. Despite still having buckshot in his head and body, and wearing a leg-iron, Pemulwuy escaped from the hospital. This added to the belief that he was a
538:. During one of these raids in March, a male and a female settler were killed. The other Northern Farms settlers then decided to organise and arm themselves into a large band to track down and punish Pemulwuy and his Aboriginal raiders.
462:
Tench's proposal was accepted, and the expedition set out on 14 December in search of
Pemulwuy and the Bidjigal tribe. The expedition was the largest military operation since the founding of the colony, comprising Tench, Lieutenants
604:
issued an order on 22 November 1801 to bring Pemulwuy in dead or alive, with an associated reward. The order attributed the killing of two men, the dangerous wounding of several others, and a number of robberies, to Pemulwuy.
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and John Poulden, and 46 marines. However, despite three days of searching there was no sign of the Bidjigal. On 17 December, Tench ordered a return to Sydney Cove to gather supplies.
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On 9 December 1790, a shooting party left for Botany Bay, including a sergeant of marines and three convicts, including Governor Phillip's gamekeeper John McIntyre. According to
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His name has also been rendered as Pimbloy, Pemulvoy, Pemulwoy, Pemulwy or Pemulwye, or sometimes by contemporary Europeans as Bimblewove, Bumbleway or Bembulwoyan.
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in London, but the museum has no record of the skull, and it has not yet been located among the estimated 3,000 other remains of Aboriginal people in the UK.
503:. His most common tactic was to burn crops and kill livestock. In May 1795, Pemulwuy or one of his followers speared a convict near present-day Chippendale.
545:), who subsequently fled. The pursuit continued through the morning toward Parramatta where the armed settlers decided to rest. One hour later, according to
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swiftly suggested an alternative and less bloodthirsty plan, that six Bidjigal be captured and brought to Sydney Cove but that none be killed out of hand.
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The settlers were now joined by a contingent of British soldiers who were stationed at Parramatta. When they attempted to seize Pemulwuy, he threw a
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In early 1797, large groups of Aboriginal warriors led by Pemulwuy made a series of raids on the Northern Farms, a region just to the north-east of
2528:
464:
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his resistance was on a smaller and more sporadic scale for the rest of his life. He also appeared to have reached a sort of reconciliation with
1702:
743:, a best-selling novel providing a fictionalised account using early colonial documents as source. Matilda Media re-released the book in 1994.
1995:
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accompanied by a letter from Governor King, who wrote: "Although a terrible pest to the colony, he was a brave and independent character."
1806:
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1972:
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1967:, also uses early colonial documents as source, including a recount of unsuccessful search for Pemulwuy by Arthur Phillip's officers.
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1944:
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446:(an Aboriginal man whom Governor Phillip had captured, in the hope of interaction with the Aboriginal people) showed towards him.
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Before his resistance effort, Pemulwuy would hunt meat and provide it to the food-challenged new colony in exchange for goods.
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said that Pemulwuy's left foot was distinctive as it had been damaged by a club, perhaps to mark him as a carradhy (
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861:, a warrior and resistance leader of the Noongar tribe, in what is now the area around Perth, Western Australia
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549:, "a large body of natives, headed by Pe-mul-wy, a riotous and troublesome savage" approached Parramatta.
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Pemulwuy was portrayed by actor Wakarra Gondarra in reenactment sequences in the 2022 documentary series
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At dawn on a day in late March, they surprised about 100 Aborigines just outside Parramatta (probably at
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257:(ritual executioners and lawmen) of Central Australia similarly have a foot deliberately mutilated.
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24:
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The circumstances relating to Pemulwuy's death and the fate of his remains were described by the
601:
404:
173:. One of the most famous Aboriginal resistance fighters in the colonial era, he is noted for his
1988:: An Epic Novel of Convicts, Aborigines, and Chinese Embroiled in the Birth of Sydney, Australia
1032:. Photographer: Alana Harris (First ed.). Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press. p. 140.
518:. Caesar managed to crack Pemulwuy's skull and many thought he had killed him, but he survived.
479:
to join his campaign against the settlers. From 1792 Pemulwuy led raids on British colonists at
1855:"Pemulwuy: Commemorating Australia's first Aboriginal resistance leader at the National Museum"
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announced he would return Pemulwuy's skull to his Aboriginal relatives. One trail led to the
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325:
149:
1561:
Studies., Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (1 January 2001).
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Either on or just before 2 June 1802, Pemulwuy was shot and killed by explorer and sailor
496:
189:
170:
1828:
1685:
849:
was an Australian aboriginal resistance fighter and Parperloihener clansman from Tasmania
1801:
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Convicts William Knight and Thomas Thrush escaped and joined the Aboriginal resistance.
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2444:
2409:
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2194:
1386:"Pemulwuy: 1792: Aboriginal warrior Pemulwuy leads resistance against Sydney colonists"
795:
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is entitled "Pemulwuy", and the last song is entitled "Pemulwuy Returns". Both feature
672:
455:
399:
380:
196:), a Dharug spiritual healer and culture keeper. In 1790, Pemulwuy began a twelve-year
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43:
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1742:
976:"How Pemulwuy led a guerrilla war against British invasion | The Australian Wars"
915:
19:
This article is about the Aboriginal leader. For the suburb named after him, see
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2008:. Weldons. A fictionalised recount using early colonial documents as source.
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221:
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2011:
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installed a plaque honouring his role in Australian history as part of the
2424:
2419:
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1145:
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728:. It has become an Australian choral standard, and was performed by the
588:
According to Dharug man Uncle Richard Green, "with simple spears, rocks,
158:
92:
102:
Pimbloy, Pemulvoy, Pemulwoy, Pemulwy, Bimblewove, Bumbleway, Bembulwoyan
2464:
2439:
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released an eponymous song about Pemulwuy. This was later presented to
671:
of Pemulwuy has been requested by Sydney's Aboriginal people. In 2010,
648:
637:
242:
137:
1563:
Aboriginal Sydney: a guide to important places of the past and present
1030:
Aboriginal Sydney: A Guide to Important Places of the past and Present
651:
continued fighting for a number of years before being killed in 1810.
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2364:
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In December 1795, Pemulwuy and his warriors attacked a work party at
269:
162:
514:", one of the earliest settlers of African descent and a well-known
2514:
Aboriginal Protection and restriction of the sale of opium act 1897
769:
along with a petition to bring Pemulwuy's head back to his people.
2459:
2122:
858:
553:
2508:
Act to provide certain matters connected with the Aborigines 1889
1973:"The life of Aboriginal warrior Pemulwuy, a figure of resistance"
205:
2015:
1088:
Nganga: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Words and Phrases
773:
1602:, vol. IV β HUNTER AND KING, p. 783, archived from
1546:, vol. IV β HUNTER AND KING, p. 868, archived from
1523:, vol. IV β HUNTER AND KING, p. 629, archived from
177:
to European colonisation which began with the arrival of the
1990:. First book in Sydney series. Washington, DC: Aries Books.
1776:""PEMULWUY PROJECT" wins Development Excellence Award 2021!"
837:, who are also marked through deliberate damage to the foot
702:
composed a song about Pemulwuy entitled "Water and Stone".
1647:"Prince William takes up search for lost Aboriginal skull"
260:
His people, the Bidjigal, are the original inhabitants of
200:
against the colonists, which continued until his killing.
636:
Pemulwuy's head was preserved in spirits. It was sent to
228:
or other blemish in his left eye. According to historian
16:
Aboriginal Australian political leader (c. 1750 β 1802)
855:
warrior and resistance leader of the Wiradjuri nation
582:
in late 1797, where Hunter agreed not to punish him.
1248:
A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson
732:
in their victory in the ABC Choir of the Year 2006.
23:. For the Sydney Harbour ferry named after him, see
2624:
2612:
Parliamentary Select Committee on Aboriginal Tribes
2585:
2559:
2480:
2473:
2355:
2049:
1485:. Vol. 2. Christchurch, Whitcombe. p. 27.
1482:
An account of the English colony in New South Wales
1330:"WHO WE ARE: The man who nearly changed everything"
1124:"Summer Series β Pemulwuy: A War of Two Laws Pt ",
1062:"National Museum of Australia - Kamay β Botany Bay"
133:
125:
114:
106:
98:
88:
71:
53:
34:
1360:Australian Dictionary of Dates and Men of the Time
1596:"Governor King to Sir Joseph Banks. 5 June 1802."
1517:"Government and General Order. 22 November 1801."
1141:"Aboriginal activists remember Pemulwuy's legacy"
1971:McAllister, Jai; Moran, Alexis (30 April 2020).
1893:The Australian Wars (TV Mini Series 2022) - IMDb
865:List of Indigenous Australian historical figures
691:is named after him, as well as Pemulwuy Park in
660:in 2003 as "Australia's oldest murder mystery".
1540:"Governor King to Lord Hobart. 30 October 1802"
291:
2488:List of laws concerning Indigenous Australians
1615:
1613:
1494:
1492:
1312:Shane Moloney, "Pemulwuy & Black Caesar",
1023:
1021:
2027:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
629:re-admit them to the areas of Parramatta and
216:Pemulwuy was born around 1750 in the area of
8:
1881:Transport for New South Wales 30 August 2017
1375:, North Ryde: Angus &Robertson, 1988:99.
633:from which they had been forcibly excluded.
188:, which he would have known as Kamay in the
2632:List of massacres of Indigenous Australians
1673:Geographical Names Board of New South Wales
1258:
1256:
1000:, Simon Balderstone and John Bowan (2006).
557:wounded. This skirmish became known as the
2477:
2034:
2020:
2012:
1684:
1388:. Defining Moments in Australian History.
924:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
288:
192:. He is considered to have been a cardio (
42:
31:
2637:Mass poisonings of Aboriginal Australians
1565:. Aboriginal Studies Press. p. 141.
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
2493:Aboriginals Fire Arm Regulation Act 1840
1829:"Defining Moments in Australian History"
1669:Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1286:Smith, Keith Vincent (1 November 2003).
1194:
1192:
2539:Commonwealth Aboriginals Ordinance 1911
2529:Northern Territory Aboriginals Act 1910
895:
876:
450:Governor Phillip's military expeditions
2740:People of the Australian frontier wars
1979:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
1499:"Pemulwuy: A War of Two Laws Part 2",
1281:
1279:
1277:
772:In 2009, a remote boxing game for the
1600:Historical Records of New South Wales
1544:Historical Records of New South Wales
1521:Historical Records of New South Wales
1165:
1163:
1086:Muir, Aunty Fay; Lawson, Sue (2018).
7:
2720:Deaths by firearm in New South Wales
2672:
449:
1807:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1288:"Australia's oldest murder mystery"
1028:Hinkson, Melinda (1 January 2001).
1920:. University of Queensland Press.
921:Australian Dictionary of Biography
843:a warrior of the Gai-Mariagal clan
157:; c. 1750 β c. 2 June 1802) was a
120:European colonisation of Australia
14:
1622:"On this day: Pemulwuy is killed"
1620:Heathcote, Angela (1 June 2017).
1090:. Newtown, NSW: Black Dog Books.
2735:History of Australia (1788β1850)
2671:
2660:
2659:
1701:. City of Sydney. Archived from
1328:Dale, David (16 February 2008).
963:Published first in hardcopy 2005
758:was named the Pemulwuy Project.
724:composed a choral work entitled
398:
386:
374:
352:
1853:Maher, Louise (20 March 2015).
1802:"Local Heroes: Marlene Cummins"
1503:Sunday 16 May 2010, 1:30pm ABC1
2642:Aborigines' Protection Society
2519:Aborigines Protection Act 1909
2503:Aboriginal Protection Act 1869
1939:. Cambridge University Press.
1228:The Settlement at Port Jackson
926:Australian National University
1:
2262:Avenue Range Station massacre
2099:Corn Field Raids of 1827-1828
2006:Pemulwuy: The Rainbow Warrior
1983:Richards, D. Manning (2012).
1744:Pemulwuy: The Rainbow Warrior
1199:Smith, Keith Vincent (2010).
737:Pemulwuy: The Rainbow Warrior
75:
57:
2189:Fighting Waterholes massacre
1207:. Dictionary of Sydney Trust
1171:"Defining Moments: Pemulwuy"
1002:Events That Shaped Australia
785:National Museum of Australia
530:now known as the suburbs of
2595:Aboriginal Protection Board
1977:ABC News (Walking Together)
1373:Six Australian Battlefields
1371:Al Grassby and Marji Hill,
405:Governor Philip Gidley King
48:Engraving of Pemulwuy, 1804
2756:
2544:Aboriginals Ordinance 1918
2243:War of Southern Queensland
2129:Convincing Ground massacre
2117:Port Phillip District Wars
2057:Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
1879:Pemulwuy arrives in Sydney
1780:Aboriginal Housing Company
756:Aboriginal Housing Company
735:In 1987 Weldons published
285:Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
282:
18:
2655:
2087:Minnamurra River massacre
1833:National Museum Australia
1390:National Museum Australia
1318:accessed 26 February 2014
1292:The Sydney Morning Herald
1175:National Museum Australia
978:. NITV. 27 September 2022
689:Pemulwuy, New South Wales
669:Repatriation of the skull
475:Pemulwuy persuaded other
367:
345:
296:
82:Colony of New South Wales
41:
21:Pemulwuy, New South Wales
2572:R. v. Kilmeister (No. 2)
2567:R. v. Kilmeister (No. 1)
2498:Aboriginal Witnesses Act
2310:Koonchera Point massacre
2292:Cullin-La-Ringo massacre
2171:Murdering Gully massacre
2159:Campaspe Plains massacre
2043:Australian frontier wars
1725:Redgum β Water and Stone
1699:"Pemulwuy Park, Redfern"
1128:, Sunday 5 December 2010
824:Australian frontier wars
750:in the Sydney suburb of
693:Redfern, New South Wales
612:, the first mate of the
78:2 June 1802 (aged 51β52)
2600:Protector of Aborigines
2316:Jandamarra Guerilla War
2286:Hospital Creek Massacre
2249:Battle of One Tree Hill
2237:Warrigal Creek massacre
2183:Fighting Hills massacre
2147:Waterloo Creek massacre
2063:Battle of Richmond Hill
1918:The First Fleet Marines
1454:Gapps, Stephen (2018).
1271:Moore 1987, pp. 118β119
1262:Moore 1987, pp. 117β118
381:Governor Arthur Phillip
2356:Indigenous Australian
2334:Forrest River massacre
2322:Mistake Creek massacre
2141:Battle of Broken River
1741:Willmot, Eric (1994).
1422:Turbet, Peter (2011).
916:"Pemulwuy (1750β1802)"
709:'s 1996 new age album
698:In the 1980s the band
677:Natural History Museum
439:
368:Commanders and leaders
363:Aboriginal Australians
279:Conflict with settlers
239:
2280:Hornet Bank massacre
2274:East Ballina massacre
2268:Waterloo Bay massacre
2225:Pelican Creek tragedy
1935:Taylor, Gail (1999).
1626:Australian Geographic
1505:accessed 3 March 2014
1232:accessed 3 March 2014
1130:accessed 3 March 2014
746:The redevelopment of
687:The Sydney suburb of
657:Sydney Morning Herald
434:
234:
224:. He was born with a
167:Aboriginal Australian
129:Aboriginal resistance
2328:Mowla Bluff massacre
2298:Flying Foam Massacre
2256:Darkey Flat Massacre
2219:Rufus River massacre
2153:Myall Creek massacre
2107:(Tasmania) (1828β32)
2075:Risdon Cove massacre
2068:Battle of Parramatta
1916:Moore, John (1987).
1594:F. M. Bladen (ed.),
1538:F. M. Bladen (ed.),
1515:F. M. Bladen (ed.),
1458:. Sydney: NewSouth.
1426:. Dural: Rosenberg.
1396:on 23 September 2018
1205:Dictionary of Sydney
831:of the Bunuba nation
720:Australian composer
580:Governor John Hunter
559:Battle of Parramatta
522:Battle of Parramatta
424:Spearing of McIntyre
393:Governor John Hunter
220:in New South Wales,
204:Wagan, which means "
184:Pemulwuy lived near
2549:Aborigines Act 1934
2534:Aborigines Act 1911
2524:Aborigines Act 1910
2358:resistance warriors
2231:Evans Head massacre
2201:Gippsland massacres
2165:Blood Hole massacre
1358:J Henniker Heaton,
811:The Australian Wars
799:Emerald-class ferry
778:Pemulwuy Dream Team
25:Emerald-class ferry
2710:1800s in Australia
2705:1790s in Australia
2605:Aboriginal reserve
2577:Tuckiar v The King
2346:Caledon Bay crisis
2135:Battle of Pinjarra
2111:Cape Grim massacre
1782:. 19 November 2021
1653:. 4 February 2010.
1424:The First Frontier
1177:. 18 November 2022
705:The first song on
602:Philip Gidley King
118:Resistance to the
2730:History of Sydney
2687:
2686:
2620:
2619:
2510:(statute 24/1889)
2340:Coniston massacre
2213:Wonnerup massacre
1996:978-0-9845410-0-3
1986:Destiny in Sydney
1965:The Timeless Land
1011:978-1-74110-492-9
935:978-0-522-84459-7
780:, was developed.
421:
420:
359:British colonists
341:
340:
328:, New South Wales
241:His contemporary
181:in January 1788.
143:
142:
2747:
2675:
2674:
2663:
2662:
2478:
2450:Tunnerminnerwait
2177:Battle of Yering
2123:Yagan Resistance
2036:
2029:
2022:
2013:
1980:
1950:
1931:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1705:on 16 March 2011
1695:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1643:
1637:
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1617:
1608:
1607:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1512:
1506:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1479:Collins, David.
1476:
1470:
1469:
1451:
1438:
1437:
1419:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1392:. Archived from
1382:
1376:
1369:
1363:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1336:. Archived from
1325:
1319:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1283:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1239:
1233:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1137:
1131:
1121:
1102:
1101:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1025:
1016:
1015:
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:
972:
966:
965:
960:
958:
911:
884:
881:
847:Tunnerminnerwait
789:Defining Moments
711:Feet in the Soil
642:Sir Joseph Banks
510:which included "
501:Hawkesbury River
456:Governor Phillip
416:
403:
402:
391:
390:
379:
378:
357:
356:
326:Hawkesbury River
298:
297:
289:
99:Other names
77:
59:
46:
32:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2651:
2616:
2587:
2581:
2555:
2469:
2357:
2351:
2045:
2040:
1970:
1957:
1955:Further reading
1947:
1934:
1928:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1677:
1675:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1606:on 6 April 2011
1593:
1592:
1588:
1573:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1550:on 6 April 2011
1537:
1536:
1532:
1527:on 6 April 2011
1514:
1513:
1509:
1497:
1490:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1456:The Sydney Wars
1453:
1452:
1441:
1434:
1421:
1420:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1340:on 23 June 2012
1327:
1326:
1322:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1242:Tench, Watkin,
1241:
1240:
1236:
1230:, Chapter Eight
1224:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1122:
1105:
1098:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1004:. New Holland.
996:
995:
991:
981:
979:
974:
973:
969:
956:
954:
936:
913:
912:
897:
893:
888:
887:
882:
878:
873:
820:
763:Marlene Cummins
685:
666:
647:Pemulwuy's son
598:
567:
524:
473:
452:
426:
412:
397:
396:
385:
384:
373:
351:
337:British victory
329:
287:
281:
214:
190:Dharug language
171:New South Wales
161:warrior of the
84:
79:
67:
61:
49:
37:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2753:
2751:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2669:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2647:Half-Caste Act
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2484:
2482:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2445:Tongerlongeter
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2410:Maulboyheenner
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2304:Kalkadoon Wars
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2207:Eumerella Wars
2204:
2198:
2195:Maria massacre
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1999:
1981:
1968:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1932:
1926:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1883:
1871:
1845:
1820:
1793:
1767:
1753:
1733:
1716:
1690:
1656:
1638:
1609:
1586:
1571:
1553:
1530:
1507:
1488:
1471:
1464:
1439:
1432:
1407:
1377:
1364:
1362:, Sydney, 1873
1351:
1334:The Sun Herald
1320:
1304:
1273:
1264:
1252:
1244:"Chapter viii"
1234:
1226:Watkin Tench,
1218:
1188:
1159:
1132:
1103:
1096:
1078:
1066:www.nma.gov.au
1053:
1038:
1017:
1010:
989:
967:
934:
894:
892:
889:
886:
885:
875:
874:
872:
869:
868:
867:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
819:
816:
796:Sydney Ferries
767:Prince William
730:Biralee Blokes
684:
681:
673:Prince William
665:
662:
597:
594:
566:
563:
523:
520:
472:
469:
451:
448:
425:
422:
419:
418:
410:Pemulwuy
408:
370:
369:
365:
364:
361:
348:
347:
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
331:
330:
312:
310:
306:
305:
302:
294:
293:
292:Pemulwuy's War
283:Main article:
280:
277:
226:turned eyeball
213:
210:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
116:
115:Known for
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
80:
73:
69:
68:
62:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2752:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2680:
2679:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2405:Mannalargenna
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2354:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2209:(1840sβ1860s)
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2081:Tedbury's War
2079:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1961:Dark, Eleanor
1959:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1946:9780521776257
1942:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1846:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1756:
1754:9780947189174
1750:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1717:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:Message Stick
1495:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1465:9781742232140
1461:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1433:9781921719073
1429:
1425:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1126:Message Stick
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1097:9781921977015
1093:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
990:
977:
971:
968:
964:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
931:
927:
923:
922:
917:
914:Kohen, J. L.
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
896:
890:
880:
877:
870:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
817:
815:
813:
812:
806:
804:
800:
797:
792:
790:
786:
783:In 2015, the
781:
779:
775:
770:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
696:
694:
690:
682:
680:
678:
674:
670:
663:
661:
659:
658:
652:
650:
645:
643:
639:
634:
632:
626:
623:
621:
620:
615:
611:
610:Henry Hacking
606:
603:
595:
593:
591:
586:
583:
581:
575:
573:
564:
562:
560:
555:
550:
548:
547:David Collins
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
521:
519:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
485:Georges River
482:
478:
470:
468:
466:
465:William Dawes
460:
457:
447:
445:
438:
433:
431:
423:
417:
415:
409:
406:
401:
394:
389:
382:
377:
372:
371:
366:
362:
360:
355:
350:
349:
344:
336:
333:
332:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
308:
307:
303:
300:
299:
295:
290:
286:
278:
276:
273:
271:
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
238:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
211:
209:
207:
201:
199:
198:guerrilla war
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
155:
151:
147:
139:
136:
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
83:
74:
70:
66:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
26:
22:
2700:1750s births
2676:
2664:
2429:
2258:(circa 1845)
2093:Bathurst War
2059:(1795β1816)
2005:
1984:
1976:
1964:
1936:
1917:
1897:, retrieved
1892:
1886:
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1858:
1848:
1836:. Retrieved
1832:
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1805:
1796:
1784:. Retrieved
1779:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1743:
1736:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:the original
1693:
1676:. Retrieved
1668:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1625:
1604:the original
1599:
1589:
1562:
1556:
1548:the original
1543:
1533:
1525:the original
1520:
1510:
1500:
1481:
1474:
1455:
1423:
1398:. Retrieved
1394:the original
1380:
1372:
1367:
1359:
1354:
1344:13 September
1342:. Retrieved
1338:the original
1333:
1323:
1313:
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1291:
1267:
1247:
1237:
1227:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1204:
1179:. Retrieved
1174:
1150:. Retrieved
1144:
1135:
1125:
1087:
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1065:
1056:
1029:
1001:
992:
980:. Retrieved
970:
962:
955:. Retrieved
919:
879:
809:
807:
802:
793:
788:
782:
771:
760:
745:
741:Eric Willmot
736:
734:
725:
719:
710:
704:
697:
686:
667:
655:
653:
646:
635:
627:
624:
618:
607:
599:
587:
584:
576:
571:
568:
551:
540:
525:
512:Black Caesar
505:
474:
461:
453:
440:
435:
430:Watkin Tench
427:
413:
346:Belligerents
274:
259:
240:
235:
230:Eric Willmot
215:
202:
183:
169:people from
153:
145:
144:
29:
2725:Eora people
2715:1802 deaths
2586:Committees
2560:Court cases
2455:Windradyne
2435:Tarenorerer
2415:Multuggerah
2380:Cannabaygal
2101:(1827-1828)
2002:Willmot, E.
1786:25 November
1760:11 December
1316:March, 2013
1314:The Monthly
998:Wendy Lewis
957:18 February
794:In 2017, a
722:Paul Jarman
715:didgeridoos
707:James Asher
619:Lady Nelson
543:North Rocks
536:Carlingford
407:(1800β1802)
395:(1795β1800)
383:(1790β1792)
179:First Fleet
89:Nationality
2694:Categories
2588:and boards
2400:Kikatapula
2395:Jandamarra
2245:(1843β55)
1927:0702220655
1813:8 February
1747:. Bantam.
1709:26 October
1665:"Pemulwuy"
1651:The Times]
1572:0855753706
1211:23 January
1201:"Pemulwuy"
1039:0855753706
891:References
853:Windradyne
835:Kurdaitcha
829:Jandamarra
801:was named
614:Royal Navy
590:boomerangs
528:Parramatta
516:bushranger
508:Botany Bay
497:Brickfield
493:Toongabbie
481:Parramatta
471:Resistance
322:Parramatta
314:Botany Bay
266:Parramatta
262:Toongabbie
255:Kurdaitcha
218:Botany Bay
212:Early life
186:Botany Bay
175:resistance
154:PEM-Ιl-woy
150:/pΙmΙlwΙΙͺ/
107:Occupation
2348:(1932β34)
2318:(1894β97)
2306:(1870β90)
2131:(1833/34)
2125:(1831β33)
2119:(1830β50)
2105:Black War
2083:(1804β05)
1899:8 January
1181:9 January
982:9 January
944:1833-7538
791:project.
776:console,
761:In 2008,
748:The Block
600:Governor
454:An irate
444:Bennelong
318:Liverpool
304:1790β1802
247:cleverman
222:Australia
194:cleverman
2666:Category
2430:Pemulwuy
2425:Nemarluk
2420:Musquito
2390:Eumarrah
2385:Dundalli
2004:(1987).
1963:, 1947,
1937:Pemulwuy
1864:26 March
1859:ABC news
1838:26 March
1678:7 August
1581:47152902
1152:3 August
1146:SBS News
1048:47152902
952:70677943
841:Musquito
818:See also
803:Pemulwuy
726:Pemulwuy
631:Prospect
572:carradhy
532:Oatlands
489:Prospect
309:Location
159:Bidjigal
146:Pemulwuy
134:Children
126:Movement
93:Bidjigal
36:Pemulwuy
2678:Commons
2465:Yilbung
2440:Tedbury
2375:Calyute
2365:Baulie
2312:(1880s)
2203:(1840s)
1910:Sources
1730:YouTube
1297:12 June
1071:30 June
754:by the
752:Redfern
649:Tedbury
638:England
414:†
253:). The
243:Colebee
138:Tedbury
110:Warrior
2370:Beilba
2342:(1928)
2336:(1926)
2330:(1916)
2324:(1915)
2300:(1868)
2294:(1861)
2288:(1859)
2282:(1857)
2276:(1853)
2270:(1849)
2264:(1848)
2239:(1843)
2233:(1842)
2227:(1842)
2221:(1841)
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2197:(1840)
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2185:(1840)
2179:(1840)
2173:(1839)
2167:(1839)
2161:(1839)
2155:(1838)
2149:(1838)
2143:(1836)
2137:(1834)
2113:(1828)
2095:(1824)
2089:(1818)
2077:(1804)
2050:Events
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1569:
1462:
1430:
1400:2 June
1094:
1046:
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1008:
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932:
700:Redgum
683:Legacy
565:Escape
477:Dharug
334:Result
270:Sydney
251:healer
163:Dharug
2625:Other
2474:Legal
2460:Yagan
1631:7 May
871:Notes
859:Yagan
664:Skull
616:ship
596:Death
554:spear
165:, an
65:Kamay
63:near
2481:Laws
1992:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1901:2024
1866:2015
1840:2015
1815:2015
1788:2022
1762:2013
1749:ISBN
1711:2010
1680:2013
1633:2020
1577:OCLC
1567:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1402:2024
1346:2011
1299:2020
1213:2012
1183:2024
1154:2019
1092:ISBN
1073:2022
1044:OCLC
1034:ISBN
1006:ISBN
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959:2022
948:OCLC
940:ISSN
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