1233:
540:
1343:
49:
1358:
62:
777:
1377:
985:
967:
1003:
532:
792:
The leaves and flowering tops are used; they are collected as soon as the flowers begin to open and can be dried. The wild form of the plant is less suitable for this purpose, with cultivated plants having been selected for more and better oil content. They may be allowed to lie and wilt a little
788:
into the ground about 0.5 m (1.5 ft) apart. They grow quickly and cover the ground with runners if it is permanently moist. For the home gardener, it is often grown in containers to restrict rapid spreading. It grows best with a good supply of water, without being water-logged, and
3195:
1418:
may result from applying peppermint oil to the skin, and its use on the face or chest of young children may cause side effects if the oil menthol is inhaled. A common side effect from oral intake of peppermint oil or capsules is
3374:
2449:
Jullien, Frédéric; Diemer, Florence; Colson, Monique; Faure, Olivier (1998). "An optimising protocol for protoplast regeneration of three peppermint cultivars ( Mentha x piperita)".
488:. Indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world. It is occasionally found in the wild with its parent species.
1651:
Dong, Wenjiang; Ni, Yongnian; Kokot, Serge (February 2015). "Differentiation of mint (Mentha haplocalyx Briq.) from different regions in China using gas and liquid chromatography".
2688:
Dolzhenko, Yuliya; Bertea, Cinzia M.; Occhipinti, Andrea; Bossi, Simone; Maffei, Massimo E. (2010). "UV-B modulates the interplay between terpenoids and flavonoids in peppermint (
4754:
3553:
1232:
1589:
1410:, no established, consistent manufacturing standards exist for it, and some peppermint products may be contaminated with toxic metals or other substituted compounds.
1399:. With caution that the concentration of the peppermint constituent pulegone should not exceed 1% (140 mg), peppermint preparations are considered safe by the
5384:
3514:
3216:
Popa, K.; Tykva, R.; Podracká, E.; Humelnicu, D. (3 June 2008). "226Ra translocation from soil to selected vegetation in the Crucea (Romania) uranium mining area".
3454:
3506:
3476:
3446:
946:
is a major constraint in peppermint cultivation. 'Todd's
Mitcham', 'Refined Murray', 'Roberts Mitcham' (see above), and a few other cultivars have some degree of
2842:
1931:
1561:
684: in) broad. They are dark green with reddish veins, with an acute apex and coarsely toothed margins. The leaves and stems are usually slightly fuzzy. The
1342:
2506:
3028:
Khanna R, MacDonald JK, Levesque BG (July 2014). "Peppermint oil for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
550:
Peppermint was first identified in
Hertfordshire, England, by a Dr. Eales, a discovery which John Ray published 1696 in the second edition of his book
1336:
receptors in the skin and mucosal tissues, and is the primary source of the cooling sensation that follows the topical application of peppermint oil.
539:
1357:
1193:
5322:
3359:
1918:
The
Changes that Occur in Peppermint Oil During Aging, Including the Relationship Between Changes in Chemical Composition and Flavor Characteristics
5397:
5335:
4747:
3546:
1510:
3296:
729:
number is variable, with 2n counts of 66, 72, 84, and 120 recorded. Peppermint is a fast-growing plant, spreading quickly once it has sprouted.
5456:
5054:
5003:
2026:
1403:
when used in topical formulations for adult subjects. Diluted peppermint essential oil is safe for oral intake when only a few drops are used.
2810:
2639:
2153:
756:
Outside of its native range, areas where peppermint was formerly grown for oil often have an abundance of feral plants, and it is considered
2608:
2121:
784:
Peppermint generally grows best in moist, shaded locations, and expands by underground rhizomes. Young shoots are taken from old stocks and
1764:
2281:
3484:
2816:
2159:
4668:
1740:
2778:
2749:
4740:
3539:
2367:
2334:
2256:
2231:
2206:
2181:
2010:
5581:
4660:
2955:
2928:
2672:
1989:
1965:
1098:. Dried peppermint typically has 0.3–0.4% of volatile oil containing menthol (7–48%), menthone (20–46%), menthyl acetate (3–10%),
5127:
2493:"Herbs in American Fields: A Horticultural Perspective of Herb and Medicinal Plant Production in the United States, 1903 to 2003"
1580:
5371:
2575:
1272:
5505:
3158:
Keifer, D.; Ulbricht, C.; Abrams, T.; Basch, E.; Giese, N.; Giles, M.; DeFranco
Kirkwood, C.; Miranda, M.; Woods, J. (2007).
1608:
Mimica-Dukic, N.; Bozin, B. (2008). "Mentha L. species (Lamiaceae) as promising sources of bioactive secondary metabolites".
922:
2312:
2091:
1387:
Peppermint oil is also used in construction and plumbing to test for the tightness of pipes and disclose leaks by its odor.
5402:
2422:
737:
Peppermint typically occurs in moist habitats, including stream sides and drainage ditches. Being a hybrid, it is usually
3510:
3450:
3133:
1396:
3332:
1702:
5224:
5064:
2971:
Schmidt, E.; Bail, S.; Buchbauer, G.; Stoilova, I.; Atanasova, T.; Stoyanova, A.; Krastanov, A.; Jirovetz, L. (2009).
2838:
1935:
1552:
1523:
31:
5510:
5469:
4673:
4014:
3964:
3160:"Peppermint (Mentha xpiperita): An evidence-based systematic review by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration"
495:
comprises more than 25 species, the one in most common use is peppermint. While
Western peppermint is derived from
3132:. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. 2016.
1805:
Pharmacographia: A History of the
Principal Drugs of Vegetable Origin, met with in Great Britain and British India
1094:
Peppermint has a high menthol content. The essential oil also contains menthone and carboxyl esters, particularly
5571:
1400:
1189:
722: in) diameter; they are produced in whorls (verticillasters) around the stem, forming thick, blunt spikes.
5561:
4683:
4549:
4263:
1248:
947:
61:
5474:
5185:
2411:"Study on essential oil and free menthol accumulation in 19 cultivars, populations, and clones of peppermint (
2060:
5309:
3922:
1271:, or as a fragrance. High oral doses of peppermint oil (500 mg) can cause mucosal irritation and mimic
746:
5314:
1376:
5586:
5249:
5143:
5085:
3739:
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4993:
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4800:
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182:
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3719:
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3302:
3253:
1497:
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761:
620:
that grows to be 30–90 cm (12–35 in) tall, with smooth stems, square in cross section. The
826:'Chocolate Mint'. Its flowers open from the bottom up; its flavour is reminiscent of the flavour in
5059:
5023:
4887:
4268:
4161:
4104:
4082:
3927:
841:
5425:
3073:"Bulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome"
2061:"List of invasive species in the Great Lakes Great Lakes United / Union Saint-Laurent Grands Lacs"
1723:
Zhang, Feng; Lu, Yin; Qian, Wenhui; Pei, Zifan (2015), "Mentha haplocalyx Briq. 薄荷 (Bohe, Mint)",
5528:
5520:
5262:
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4912:
4897:
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4500:
4425:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4062:
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3707:
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3277:
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3010:
2601:
2528:
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2113:
1472:
1407:
1318:
1221:
1067:
210:
56:
5461:
4619:
2030:
1431:, medicines for heart conditions or high blood pressure, or medicines to decrease stomach acid.
1153:
Peppermint oil has a high concentration of natural pesticides, mainly pulegone (found mainly in
48:
5389:
2285:
5044:
4998:
4832:
4701:
4579:
4559:
4519:
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4367:
4362:
3949:
3759:
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3610:
3480:
3428:
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3102:
3045:
3002:
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2806:
2800:
2723:
2668:
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2635:
2520:
2149:
2143:
1985:
1961:
1881:
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1668:
1633:
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1501:
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943:
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914:
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2770:
2741:
2713:
2705:
2510:
2458:
1831:
1728:
1660:
1617:
1286:
1106:(3–6%). Peppermint oil also contains small amounts of many additional compounds, including
918:
757:
709:
473:
5363:
2379:
2346:
2260:
2235:
2210:
2185:
5576:
4957:
4805:
4795:
4624:
4211:
4156:
4136:
4099:
4054:
3857:
3817:
2973:"Chemical composition, olfactory evaluation and antioxidant effects of essential oil from
2014:
2001:
1593:
1565:
1527:
1279:
1205:
1095:
617:
481:
99:
5196:
3071:
Ruepert L, Quartero AO, de Wit NJ, van der
Heijden GJ, Rubin G, Muris JW (August 2011).
5566:
5448:
5443:
5301:
4927:
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4554:
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4298:
4223:
4047:
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3905:
3265:
3097:
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2894:
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1424:
1314:
1298:
1244:
1237:
86:
3373:. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products, European Medicines Agency. 31 October 2007.
2885:
776:
556:
Mentha spicis brevioribus et habitioribus, foliis Mentha fusca, sapore fervido piperis
5550:
5090:
4932:
4857:
4639:
4594:
4529:
4475:
4410:
4278:
4248:
4228:
4216:
4201:
4186:
4176:
4151:
3954:
3702:
2709:
2657:
1115:
1071:
844:, grapefruit mint, lemon mint, and orange mint. Its leaves are aromatic and hairless.
202:
3281:
3237:
3191:
3057:
3014:
2571:
2532:
2470:
1070:
produce most of the country's peppermint, the leaves of which are processed for the
5533:
4937:
4574:
4564:
4534:
4470:
4460:
4440:
4420:
4238:
4036:
3979:
3974:
3917:
3677:
3159:
3088:
2547:"Peppermint production in 2022; Production/Crops/Production Quantity from Elements"
1899:
1428:
1395:
Medicinal uses of peppermint have not been approved as effective or safe by the US
5216:
1443::1995—contains the information about the nomenclature of the variety and cultivars
5412:
5229:
3041:
2945:
2918:
2306:
2085:
1732:
5497:
5420:
5348:
5179:
5018:
4604:
4599:
4544:
4480:
4445:
4253:
4181:
4141:
3999:
3875:
3598:
2497:
2410:
1348:
1217:
1161:(cornmint, field mint, or Japanese mint), and to a lesser extent (6,530 ppm) in
1099:
1079:
765:
738:
523:, and are among the oldest herbs used for both culinary and medicinal products.
5206:
2997:
2972:
1621:
5110:
5100:
4977:
4967:
4872:
4867:
4711:
4706:
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4629:
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4258:
4166:
3912:
3749:
3744:
3682:
3593:
3424:
3229:
2515:
2492:
2462:
1467:
1322:
1302:
1255:
for minor ailments. Peppermint oil and leaves have a cooling effect when used
1247:
is under preliminary research for its potential as a short-term treatment for
1177:, and has uses in organic gardening. It is also widely used to repel rodents.
1142:
1138:
1134:
1083:
726:
613:
531:
5170:
3129:
2524:
1843:
1774:
1672:
1629:
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5283:
5105:
4877:
4837:
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4716:
4514:
4485:
4435:
4377:
4283:
4171:
4077:
4031:
3651:
3531:
3328:
2866:"Bioefficacy of Mentha piperita essential oil against dengue fever mosquito
2659:
Encyclopedia of Common
Natural Ingredients used in food, drugs and cosmetics
1694:
1420:
1411:
1306:
1264:
1130:
1126:
1075:
1056:
990:
485:
145:
5487:
3432:
3183:
3106:
3049:
3006:
2903:
2727:
2549:. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Statistics Division (FAOSTAT). 2024
2546:
1835:
1680:
1664:
1637:
17:
3273:
3175:
2033:Mentha ×piperita L. (pro sp.) [aquatica × spicata]
5482:
5239:
5164:
5049:
5028:
4947:
4917:
4822:
4790:
4634:
4609:
4327:
4312:
4094:
4021:
3989:
3937:
3890:
3847:
3827:
3812:
3777:
3605:
3481:"ISO 5563:1984 Dried peppermint (Mentha piperita Linnaeus)—Specification"
2282:"HortiPlex Plant Database: Info, Images and Links on Thousands of Plants"
1213:
1201:
1174:
1111:
1107:
802:
520:
135:
125:
112:
5327:
5257:
4962:
4902:
4862:
4817:
4775:
4539:
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4405:
4395:
4337:
4273:
4243:
3932:
3895:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3787:
3629:
1859:"The History of Mentha piperita and Its Economic Importance in Indiana"
1415:
1260:
1256:
1209:
1197:
1052:
1032:
972:
931:'Roberts Mitcham', also verticillium-resistant and also the product of
621:
586:
516:
5353:
2718:
1449::1984—a specification for its dried leaves of Mentha piperita Linnaeus
5095:
4852:
4495:
4450:
4390:
4347:
4288:
4233:
4196:
4116:
4111:
4072:
3969:
3959:
3880:
3842:
3782:
3772:
3646:
3634:
3624:
2950:. Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International. p. 144.
1757:
Principles and practice of phytotherapy : modern herbal medicine
1282:
1240:, advertised as "prevention better than cure", sold in London in 1877
1119:
1103:
1063:
1008:
785:
750:
685:
477:
155:
5137:
5376:
5288:
4942:
4785:
4614:
4455:
4415:
4385:
4332:
4307:
4293:
4041:
4026:
3900:
3867:
3852:
3837:
3724:
3619:
3583:
2064:
1333:
1310:
1231:
1173:) and menthone. It is known to repel some pest insects, including
1048:
775:
538:
530:
73:
917:-resistant cultivar produced from a breeding and test program of
793:
before distillation, or they may be taken directly to the still.
4847:
4352:
4067:
3697:
3687:
3568:
1820:"The Botanical Origin of American Peppermint—Mentha Piperita L*"
1326:
1268:
742:
629:
625:
5275:
5141:
4736:
3535:
2574:. Oregon State University, Corvallis; Extension Service. 2020.
1180:
The chemical composition of the essential oil from peppermint (
3451:"ISO 676:1995 Spices and condiments -- Botanical nomenclature"
2771:"Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases at NAL"
2742:"Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases at NAL"
1824:
The
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1912)
1603:
1601:
3298:
Culinary Herbs: Their
Cultivation Harvesting Curing and Uses
2775:
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases at NAL
2746:
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases at NAL
1932:"Mentha x piperita - Peppermint - Flora of Northwest Europe"
3251:
R. Eccles (1994). "Menthol and Related Cooling Compounds".
2864:
Kumar, Sarita; Wahab, Naim; Warikoo, Radhika (April 2011).
3399:
Nair, B (2001). "Final report on the safety assessment of
589:, but it is now universally agreed to be a hybrid between
1297:
Fresh or dried peppermint leaves are often used alone in
2207:"Mentha x piperita 'Citrata' : eau de cologne mint"
1305:(tisanes, infusions). Peppermint is used for flavouring
3511:"ISO 856:2008 Oil of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.)"
2491:
Craker, Lyle E.; Gardner, Zoë; Etter, Selma C. (2003).
2257:"Mentha x piperita 'Crispa' : eau de cologne mint"
2182:"Mentha x piperita 'Chocolate Mint' : peppermint"
2041:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
1351:
are one of the most common peppermint-flavored candies
566:
or Peper–Mint. The plant was then added to the London
2698:
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology
2378:. Hortiplex.gardenweb.com. 2007-09-12. Archived from
2345:. Hortiplex.gardenweb.com. 2007-09-12. Archived from
2259:. Hortiplex.gardenweb.com. 2007-09-12. Archived from
2234:. Hortiplex.gardenweb.com. 2007-09-12. Archived from
2209:. Hortiplex.gardenweb.com. 2007-09-12. Archived from
2184:. Hortiplex.gardenweb.com. 2007-09-12. Archived from
884:'Variegata' has mottled green and pale yellow leaves.
725:
Flowering season lasts from mid- to late summer. The
2920:
Dear Dirt Doctor: Questions Answered the Natural Way
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
5150:
5073:
5037:
4986:
4768:
4694:
4653:
4376:
3866:
3567:
1047:In 2022, world production of peppermint was 51,081
840:'Citrata' includes a number of varieties including
3295:M. G. Kains (1912). American Agriculturist (ed.).
2656:
2232:"Mentha x piperita var. citrata : lemon mint"
1759:(2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
4505:
3218:Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
1904:Hybridization and the flora of the British Isles
624:are wide-spreading and fleshy, and bear fibrous
2602:"Washington is No. 1 mint oil producer in U.S."
1406:Although peppermint is commonly available as a
3507:International Organization for Standardization
3477:International Organization for Standardization
3447:International Organization for Standardization
27:Hybrid flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae
4748:
3547:
2874:Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine
2090:. Herb Society of America. 1997. p. 39.
1863:Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
928:'Refined Murray', also verticillium-resistant
8:
2802:Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology: Principles
789:planted in areas with partial sun to shade.
764:, New Zealand, and the United States in the
585:Volume 2. Linnaeus treated peppermint as a
2663:. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p.
1423:. Oral use of peppermint products may have
5138:
4755:
4741:
4733:
3554:
3540:
3532:
2507:American Society for Horticultural Science
1920:. Ph.D. dissertation. Rutgers. p. 10.
47:
38:
3153:
3151:
3096:
2996:
2923:. University of Texas Press. p. 54.
2893:
2717:
2514:
2284:. Hortiplex.gardenweb.com. Archived from
1980:Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989).
1976:
1974:
1790:Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britannicarum
780:Peppermint grown in a pot outside a house
552:Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britannicarum
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
2148:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 420–.
952:
515:are both recognized as plant sources of
3077:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2595:
2593:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2343:'Lime Mint' : eau de cologne mint"
1484:
1338:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
2634:(4th ed.). Thomson. p. 640.
2611:from the original on 26 September 2017
2566:
2564:
2311:. Camden House Pub. 1990. p. 48.
1575:
1573:
1547:
1545:
1494:The Complete Illustrated Book of Herbs
503:, is derived from the fresh leaves of
3380:from the original on 18 December 2017
3335:from the original on 12 November 2017
3301:. Orange Judd Company. Archived from
2039:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
1755:Bone, Kerry; Mills, Simon Y. (2013).
1204:(23.4%). Further components were (±)-
874:'Lime Mint' has lime-scented foliage.
7:
5511:3858cdb0-c362-43a3-b85d-0a5b51a7da8e
5436:c75f99dd-e603-4013-a0b4-a7cd660e785d
3030:Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
2451:Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture
1982:Flora of Britain and Northern Europe
1803:Flückiger, Friedrich August (1874).
1727:, Vienna: Springer, pp. 631–6,
1289:of radioactively contaminated soil.
1285:, so the plant may be effective for
3417:International Journal of Toxicology
2819:from the original on 9 October 2013
2425:from the original on 26 August 2009
2376:'Variegata' : variegated mint"
2142:Dolf De Rovira (28 February 2008).
2000:Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk:
805:have been selected for garden use:
601:itself also being a hybrid between
3266:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1994.tb03871.x
2600:Pihl, Kristi (24 September 2012).
2162:from the original on 27 April 2016
1526:. Botanical Online. Archived from
888:Commercial cultivars may include:
708: in) long, with a four-lobed
660: in) long and 1.5–4 cm (
543:An 1887 illustration from Köhlers;
25:
3164:Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy
2845:from the original on 28 July 2020
2094:from the original on 10 June 2016
1427:when used with iron supplements,
1332:Menthol activates cold-sensitive
5475:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:450969-1
5128:List of plants used in herbalism
3517:from the original on 6 June 2011
3487:from the original on 6 June 2011
3457:from the original on 6 June 2011
3136:from the original on 5 July 2015
2710:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.05.003
2578:from the original on 5 July 2020
1375:
1370:hybrid known as 'Chocolate Mint'
1356:
1341:
1001:
983:
965:
581:in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in his
554:. He initially gave it the name
60:
3360:"Community Herbal Monograph on
3198:from the original on 2020-07-28
2839:"Peppermint Oil = rat repelent"
2805:. Academic Press. p. 823.
2781:from the original on 2021-12-13
2752:from the original on 2021-12-13
2315:from the original on 5 May 2016
2124:from the original on 2013-04-02
1958:New RHS Dictionary of Gardening
1705:from the original on 2018-12-26
1498:The Reader's Digest Association
3918:Peppercorn (black/green/white)
3089:10.1002/14651858.CD003460.pub3
2985:Natural Product Communications
2799:Robert Irving Krieger (2001).
2409:Stanev, S.; V. D. Zheljazkov.
923:Brookhaven National Laboratory
816:'Candymint' has reddish stems.
1:
2886:10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60001-4
2120:. Mountainvalleygrowers.com.
1653:Journal of Separation Science
1610:Current Pharmaceutical Design
1196:. The main constituents were
854:'Crispa' has wrinkled leaves.
558:and later in his 1704 volume
3042:10.1097/MCG.0b013e3182a88357
1807:. Macmillan. pp. 481–2.
1733:10.1007/978-3-211-99448-1_72
1551:Euro+Med Plantbase Project:
1397:Food and Drug Administration
424:Nees ex Bluff & Fingerh.
3730:Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
3407:(Peppermint) Leaf Extract,
2630:Thomson Healthcare (2007).
1251:, and has supposed uses in
1228:Research and health effects
32:Peppermint (disambiguation)
5603:
3415:(Peppermint) Leaf Water".
2998:10.1177/1934578X0900400819
1622:10.2174/138161208786404245
1329:, and skin care products.
1055:with 84% of the total and
768:region, noted since 1843.
29:
5124:
4763:Medicinal herbs and fungi
3652:Coriander leaf / Cilantro
3562:Culinary herbs and spices
3425:10.1080/10915810152630747
3419:. 20 Suppl 3 (4): 61–73.
3230:10.1007/s10967-007-7171-6
2947:Industrial Crops and Uses
2944:Singh, Bharat P. (2010).
2516:10.21273/hortsci.38.5.977
1695:"Mentha and Schizonepeta"
1592:19 September 2009 at the
1401:European Medicines Agency
1029:
688:are purple, 6–8 mm (
499:, Chinese peppermint, or
216:
209:
188:
181:
57:Scientific classification
55:
46:
41:
5582:Plants described in 1753
4550:Montreal steak seasoning
2917:Garrett, Howard (2003).
2632:PDR for Herbal Medicines
2308:Harrowsmith Country Life
1956:Huxley, A., ed. (1992).
1249:irritable bowel syndrome
3411:(Peppermint) Leaf, and
2463:10.1023/A:1006185103897
1492:Frampton, Alex (2011).
1301:or with other herbs in
1293:Culinary and other uses
898:Bulgarian population #2
830:, a popular confection.
572:Mentha piperitis sapore
440:Boutigny ex F.W.Schultz
5086:Doctrine of signatures
4506:
1934:. 2014. Archived from
1894:Harley, R. M. (1975).
1857:Porter, C. L. (1951).
1836:10.1002/jps.3080171108
1665:10.1002/jssc.201401130
1241:
1062:In the United States,
781:
577:It was given the name
547:
536:
3176:10.1080/j157v07n02_07
2655:Leung, A. Y. (1980).
2145:Dictionary of Flavors
1916:Wong, Warren (1972).
1879:Linnaeus, C. (1753).
1818:Bacon, F. J. (1928).
1725:Dietary Chinese Herbs
1325:, and some shampoos,
1235:
1090:Chemical constituents
1035:of the United Nations
954:Peppermint production
828:Andes Chocolate Mints
779:
745:and reproducing only
542:
534:
5081:Alternative medicine
4401:Beau monde seasoning
3766:Limnophila aromatica
3254:J. Pharm. Pharmacol.
1579:Flora of NW Europe:
1564:9 March 2012 at the
1253:traditional medicine
1188:L.) was analyzed by
1125:Peppermint contains
913:'Todd's Mitcham', a
910:Mitcham Ribecourt 19
632:can be 4–9 cm (
413:Mentha × officinalis
30:For other uses, see
5004:Echigoshirayukidake
4525:Jamaican jerk spice
4147:Japanese pricklyash
3331:. Drugs.com. 2017.
2118:cv. Chocolate Mint"
1938:on 29 December 2014
1382:Freeze-dried leaves
1319:alcoholic beverages
1059:with 14% (table).
960:
842:Eau de Cologne mint
749:, spreading by its
607:Mentha rotundifolis
491:Although the genus
429:Mentha × piperoides
397:Mentha × napolitana
373:Mentha × hudsoniana
345:Mentha × hirtescens
273:Mentha × durandoana
249:Mentha × braousiana
5060:Japanese herbology
5038:Regional practices
4501:Herbes de Provence
4132:Grains of paradise
3995:Crushed red pepper
3709:Houttuynia cordata
3403:(Peppermint) Oil,
2013:2022-01-19 at the
1788:Ray, John (1696).
1473:Peppermint extract
1416:allergic reactions
1242:
1222:beta-caryophyllene
953:
925:from the mid-1950s
782:
760:in Australia, the
560:Historia Plantarum
548:
537:
535:Peppermint flowers
497:Mentha × piperita
480:, a cross between
437:Mentha × schultzii
405:Mentha × nigricans
353:Mentha × hortensis
321:Mentha × heuffelii
313:Mentha × hercynica
5544:
5543:
5186:Mentha × piperita
5144:Taxon identifiers
5135:
5134:
5055:Islamic herbology
5045:Chinese herbology
4913:Purple coneflower
4730:
4729:
4702:Chinese herbology
4580:Pumpkin pie spice
4560:Old Bay Seasoning
4520:Italian seasoning
4466:Five-spice powder
3768:(rice-paddy herb)
3611:Indian bay leaf (
3362:Mentha x piperita
3308:on April 8, 2018.
2812:978-0-12-426260-7
2641:978-1-56363-678-3
2155:978-0-470-38484-8
1882:Species Plantarum
1830:(11): 1094–1096.
1414:, irritation, or
1408:herbal supplement
1278:Peppermint roots
1102:(1–17%), and 1,8-
1040:
1039:
1036:
958:
944:Verticillium wilt
933:mutation breeding
915:verticillium wilt
762:Galápagos Islands
712:about 5 mm (
612:Peppermint is an
603:Mentha sylvestris
583:Species Plantarum
457:
456:
449:
441:
433:
425:
421:Mentha × pimentum
417:
409:
401:
393:
385:
381:Mentha × kahirina
377:
369:
357:
349:
341:
333:
325:
317:
309:
305:Mentha × glabrata
301:
300:Bellardi ex Colla
293:
285:
281:Mentha × exaltata
277:
269:
265:Mentha × crispula
261:
257:Mentha × concinna
253:
245:
241:Mentha × banatica
237:
233:Mentha × balsamea
229:
16:(Redirected from
5594:
5572:Medicinal plants
5537:
5536:
5524:
5523:
5514:
5513:
5501:
5500:
5491:
5490:
5478:
5477:
5465:
5464:
5452:
5451:
5439:
5438:
5429:
5428:
5416:
5415:
5406:
5405:
5393:
5392:
5380:
5379:
5367:
5366:
5357:
5356:
5344:
5343:
5331:
5330:
5318:
5317:
5305:
5304:
5292:
5291:
5279:
5278:
5266:
5265:
5253:
5252:
5243:
5242:
5233:
5232:
5220:
5219:
5210:
5209:
5200:
5199:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5155:
5139:
5116:Medicinal plants
5074:Related subjects
5065:Korean herbology
5050:Indian herbology
5009:Lingzhi mushroom
4757:
4750:
4743:
4734:
4511:
4318:Tasmanian pepper
4299:Sichuan pepper (
4254:Pomegranate seed
4068:Dill / Dill seed
3923:Brazilian pepper
3886:Alligator pepper
3640:garlic / Chinese
3556:
3549:
3542:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3379:
3372:
3356:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3325:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3155:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3130:"Peppermint oil"
3126:
3111:
3110:
3100:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3000:
2991:(8): 1107–1112.
2968:
2962:
2961:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2897:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2662:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2568:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2518:
2488:
2475:
2474:
2446:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2406:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2063:. Archived from
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2023:
2017:
1998:
1992:
1978:
1969:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1913:
1907:
1892:
1886:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1766:978-0-44306992-5
1752:
1746:
1745:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1605:
1596:
1577:
1568:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1530:on 19 March 2018
1520:
1514:
1513:on 6 April 2017.
1509:
1489:
1379:
1360:
1345:
1287:phytoremediation
1145:7-O-rutinoside.
1030:
1007:
1005:
1004:
989:
987:
986:
971:
969:
968:
961:
956:
919:atomic gardening
907:Mitcham Digne 38
721:
720:
716:
707:
706:
702:
697:
696:
692:
683:
682:
678:
675:
669:
668:
664:
659:
658:
654:
651:
645:
644:
640:
637:
564:Mentha palustris
545:Medicinal Plants
447:
439:
431:
423:
415:
407:
399:
392:Geiger ex T.Nees
391:
383:
375:
367:
361:Mentha hortensis
355:
347:
339:
337:Mentha × hircina
331:
329:Mentha × hircina
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
289:Mentha × fraseri
283:
276:Malinv. ex Batt.
275:
267:
259:
251:
243:
235:
227:
198:
195:
173:
65:
64:
51:
39:
21:
5602:
5601:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5562:Flora of Europe
5547:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5532:
5527:
5519:
5517:
5509:
5504:
5496:
5494:
5486:
5481:
5473:
5468:
5460:
5455:
5447:
5442:
5434:
5432:
5424:
5419:
5411:
5410:MichiganFlora:
5409:
5401:
5396:
5388:
5383:
5375:
5370:
5362:
5360:
5352:
5347:
5339:
5334:
5326:
5321:
5313:
5308:
5300:
5295:
5287:
5282:
5274:
5269:
5261:
5256:
5248:
5246:
5238:
5236:
5228:
5223:
5215:
5213:
5205:
5203:
5195:
5193:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5153:
5146:
5136:
5131:
5120:
5069:
5033:
4994:Almond mushroom
4982:
4764:
4761:
4731:
4726:
4690:
4649:
4625:Tandoori masala
4372:
4249:Peruvian pepper
4137:Grains of Selim
4122:Aromatic ginger
4055:Bunium persicum
3862:
3563:
3560:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3458:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3413:Mentha piperita
3409:Mentha piperita
3405:Mentha piperita
3401:Mentha piperita
3398:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3358:
3357:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3327:
3326:
3313:
3305:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3201:
3199:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3128:
3127:
3114:
3083:(8): CD003460.
3070:
3069:
3065:
3027:
3026:
3022:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2841:. 21 May 2018.
2837:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2813:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2784:
2782:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2755:
2753:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2605:Tri-City Herald
2599:
2598:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2490:
2489:
2478:
2448:
2447:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2408:
2407:
2394:
2385:
2383:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2352:
2350:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2291:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2216:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2156:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2127:
2125:
2116:Mentha piperita
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2015:Wayback Machine
1999:
1995:
1979:
1972:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1893:
1889:
1878:
1874:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1767:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1742:978-321199447-4
1722:
1721:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1616:(29): 3141–50.
1607:
1606:
1599:
1594:Wayback Machine
1578:
1571:
1566:Wayback Machine
1550:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1463:
1452:Peppermint oil—
1437:
1435:Standardization
1425:adverse effects
1393:
1383:
1380:
1371:
1361:
1352:
1346:
1321:, chewing gum,
1315:fruit preserves
1295:
1230:
1206:menthyl acetate
1151:
1096:menthyl acetate
1092:
1045:
1002:
1000:
984:
982:
966:
964:
959:
957:2022, in tonnes
955:
941:
904:Clone 80-121-33
864:'Lavender Mint'
799:
774:
741:, producing no
735:
718:
714:
713:
704:
700:
699:
694:
690:
689:
680:
676:
673:
671:
666:
662:
661:
656:
652:
649:
647:
642:
638:
635:
633:
618:perennial plant
616:, rhizomatous,
595:Mentha aquatica
579:Mentha piperita
570:under the name
529:
453:
452:
448:Frank ex Benth.
445:Mentha × tenuis
389:Mentha × langii
297:Mentha × glabra
220:
205:
200:
193:
190:
177:
171:
59:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5600:
5598:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5549:
5548:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5534:wfo-0000241184
5525:
5515:
5502:
5492:
5479:
5466:
5453:
5440:
5430:
5417:
5407:
5394:
5381:
5368:
5358:
5345:
5332:
5319:
5306:
5293:
5280:
5267:
5254:
5244:
5234:
5221:
5211:
5201:
5191:
5176:
5160:
5158:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5133:
5132:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5024:Morel mushroom
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4999:Chaga mushroom
4996:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4737:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4698:
4696:
4695:Related topics
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4555:Mulling spices
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4431:Cinnamon sugar
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4343:Voatsiperifery
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4048:Nigella sativa
4039:
4034:
4032:Coriander seed
4029:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3659:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3608:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3581:
3573:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3536:
3529:
3528:
3498:
3468:
3438:
3391:
3346:
3311:
3287:
3260:(8): 618–630.
3243:
3208:
3147:
3112:
3063:
3020:
2963:
2956:
2936:
2929:
2909:
2856:
2830:
2811:
2791:
2762:
2733:
2680:
2673:
2647:
2640:
2622:
2589:
2560:
2538:
2476:
2436:
2392:
2359:
2326:
2298:
2273:
2248:
2223:
2198:
2173:
2154:
2134:
2105:
2077:
2052:
2018:
1993:
1970:
1949:
1923:
1908:
1887:
1872:
1849:
1810:
1795:
1792:. p. 234.
1780:
1765:
1747:
1741:
1715:
1686:
1643:
1597:
1569:
1541:
1515:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1436:
1433:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1374:
1372:
1362:
1355:
1353:
1347:
1340:
1299:peppermint tea
1294:
1291:
1267:, relief from
1245:Peppermint oil
1238:throat lozenge
1229:
1226:
1150:
1147:
1091:
1088:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1011:
997:
996:
993:
979:
978:
975:
940:
937:
936:
935:
929:
926:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
886:
885:
875:
865:
855:
845:
831:
817:
798:
795:
773:
770:
734:
731:
599:Mentha viridis
591:Mentha viridis
528:
525:
509:M. × piperita
455:
454:
451:
450:
442:
434:
426:
418:
410:
402:
394:
386:
378:
370:
358:
350:
342:
334:
326:
318:
310:
302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
262:
254:
246:
238:
230:
225:Mentha × odora
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:
207:
206:
201:
186:
185:
179:
178:
167:
165:
161:
160:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
110:
103:
102:
97:
90:
89:
84:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5599:
5588:
5587:Hybrid plants
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5535:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5516:
5512:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5493:
5489:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5431:
5427:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5408:
5404:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5245:
5241:
5235:
5231:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5212:
5208:
5202:
5198:
5192:
5187:
5181:
5177:
5172:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5149:
5145:
5140:
5130:
5129:
5123:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4933:Summer savory
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4758:
4753:
4751:
4746:
4744:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:Ras el hanout
4593:
4591:
4590:Quatre épices
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4530:Khmeli suneli
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4476:Garlic powder
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:Bouquet garni
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4177:Litsea cubeba
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4152:Juniper berry
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3955:Celery powder
3953:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:Lemon verbena
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3557:
3552:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3395:
3392:
3376:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3291:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3247:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3209:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3170:(2): 91–143.
3169:
3165:
3161:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3036:(6): 505–12.
3035:
3031:
3024:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2967:
2964:
2959:
2957:9781845936167
2953:
2949:
2948:
2940:
2937:
2932:
2930:9781477304143
2926:
2922:
2921:
2913:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:Aedes aegypti
2860:
2857:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2795:
2792:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2674:9780471049548
2670:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2623:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2382:on 2014-10-06
2381:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2360:
2349:on 2014-10-06
2348:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2330:
2327:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2288:on 2014-10-06
2287:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2263:on 2014-10-06
2262:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2238:on 2014-07-28
2237:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2213:on 2014-10-06
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2188:on 2014-10-06
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2135:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2109:
2106:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2087:The Herbarist
2081:
2078:
2067:on 2009-04-29
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:0-340-40170-2
1987:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1966:0-333-47494-5
1963:
1960:. Macmillan.
1959:
1953:
1950:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1388:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1280:bioaccumulate
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:caryophyllene
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:essential oil
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
999:
998:
994:
992:
981:
980:
976:
974:
963:
962:
951:
949:
945:
938:
934:
930:
927:
924:
920:
916:
912:
909:
906:
903:
901:Clone 11-6-22
900:
897:
894:
891:
890:
889:
883:
879:
876:
873:
869:
866:
863:
859:
856:
853:
849:
846:
843:
839:
835:
832:
829:
825:
821:
818:
815:
811:
808:
807:
806:
804:
796:
794:
790:
787:
778:
771:
769:
767:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
732:
730:
728:
723:
711:
687:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
568:Pharmacopoeia
565:
562:he called it
561:
557:
553:
546:
541:
533:
526:
524:
522:
518:
514:
513:M. haplocalyx
510:
506:
505:M. haplocalyx
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:
466:
461:
446:
443:
438:
435:
430:
427:
422:
419:
414:
411:
406:
403:
398:
395:
390:
387:
382:
379:
374:
371:
366:
362:
359:
354:
351:
348:Haw. ex Spach
346:
343:
338:
335:
330:
327:
322:
319:
314:
311:
306:
303:
298:
295:
290:
287:
282:
279:
274:
271:
266:
263:
258:
255:
250:
247:
242:
239:
234:
231:
226:
223:
222:
215:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
196: piperita
187:
184:
183:Binomial name
180:
176:
175:
174: piperita
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:Tracheophytes
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5151:
5126:
4968:White willow
4938:Tea tree oil
4907:
4888:Marsh-mallow
4796:Asthma-plant
4575:Powder-douce
4565:Panch phoron
4535:Lemon pepper
4471:Garam masala
4461:Fines herbes
4441:Curry powder
4421:Chaat masala
4300:
4279:Sarsaparilla
4239:Onion powder
4187:Mango-ginger
4053:
4046:
3980:Chili powder
3765:
3755:Lemon myrtle
3712:
3708:
3663:
3662:Vietnamese (
3612:
3576:
3519:. Retrieved
3501:
3489:. Retrieved
3471:
3459:. Retrieved
3441:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3382:. Retrieved
3365:
3361:
3337:. Retrieved
3329:"Peppermint"
3303:the original
3297:
3290:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3200:. Retrieved
3167:
3163:
3138:. Retrieved
3080:
3076:
3066:
3033:
3029:
3023:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2966:
2946:
2939:
2919:
2912:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2801:
2794:
2783:. Retrieved
2774:
2765:
2754:. Retrieved
2745:
2736:
2704:(2): 67–75.
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2658:
2650:
2631:
2625:
2615:26 September
2613:. Retrieved
2604:
2580:. Retrieved
2572:"Peppermint"
2551:. Retrieved
2541:
2502:
2496:
2457:(3): 153–9.
2454:
2450:
2427:. Retrieved
2416:
2412:
2384:. Retrieved
2380:the original
2373:
2369:
2362:
2351:. Retrieved
2347:the original
2340:
2336:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2307:
2301:
2290:. Retrieved
2286:the original
2276:
2265:. Retrieved
2261:the original
2251:
2240:. Retrieved
2236:the original
2226:
2215:. Retrieved
2211:the original
2201:
2190:. Retrieved
2186:the original
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2144:
2137:
2126:. Retrieved
2115:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2086:
2080:
2069:. Retrieved
2065:the original
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2038:
2032:
2021:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1981:
1957:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:the original
1926:
1917:
1911:
1903:
1900:Stace, C. A.
1895:
1890:
1880:
1875:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1789:
1783:
1756:
1750:
1724:
1718:
1707:. Retrieved
1698:
1689:
1659:(3): 402–9.
1656:
1652:
1646:
1613:
1609:
1585:
1581:
1557:
1553:
1532:. Retrieved
1528:the original
1524:"Peppermint"
1518:
1493:
1487:
1429:cyclosporine
1405:
1394:
1386:
1367:
1363:
1331:
1296:
1277:
1243:
1200:(40.7%) and
1185:
1181:
1179:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1124:
1093:
1061:
1046:
1023:
1018:
942:
887:
881:
877:
871:
867:
861:
857:
851:
847:
837:
833:
823:
819:
813:
809:
800:
791:
783:
755:
747:vegetatively
736:
724:
611:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
582:
578:
576:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
549:
544:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
490:
468:
464:
463:
459:
458:
444:
436:
428:
420:
412:
404:
396:
388:
380:
372:
364:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
256:
248:
240:
232:
224:
191:
189:
169:
168:
156:
119:
106:
93:
80:
36:
5557:Antiemetics
5421:NatureServe
5349:iNaturalist
5180:Wikispecies
5091:Herb garden
4898:Opium poppy
4811:medical use
4674:Bangladeshi
4605:Sharena sol
4600:Recado rojo
4585:Qâlat daqqa
4545:Mixed spice
4481:Garlic salt
4446:Doubanjiang
4182:Long pepper
4142:Horseradish
3960:Celery seed
3833:Sanshō leaf
3750:Lemon grass
3384:11 November
3366:aetheroleum
3339:11 November
2880:(2): 85–8.
2694:piperita L.
2553:9 September
2509:: 977–983.
2498:HortScience
1942:29 December
1885:2: 576–577.
1412:Skin rashes
1349:Candy canes
1303:herbal teas
1261:muscle pain
1236:Peppermint
1218:beta-pinene
1159:piperascens
1155:M. arvensis
1100:menthofuran
1080:chewing gum
1078:mainly for
1074:to produce
772:Cultivation
766:Great Lakes
476:species of
376:Heinr.Braun
324:Heinr.Braun
284:Heinr.Braun
244:Heinr.Braun
100:Angiosperms
42:Peppermint
18:Peppermints
5551:Categories
5518:WisFlora:
5449:kew-125188
5444:Plant List
5247:Calflora:
5111:Homeopathy
5101:Herbal tea
4953:Umckaloabo
4928:Star anise
4908:Peppermint
4873:Lemon balm
4868:Goldenseal
4801:Astragalus
4712:Marination
4707:Herbal tea
4669:Australian
4665:By region
4640:Yuzu koshō
4630:Thuna paha
4570:Persillade
4323:Tonka bean
4259:Poppy seed
4167:Dried lime
4090:Fingerroot
4005:New Mexico
3913:Asafoetida
3745:Lemon balm
3703:Hoja santa
3683:Curry leaf
3224:(1): 211.
3202:2019-02-19
2823:11 October
2785:2021-12-13
2756:2021-12-13
2719:2318/77560
2386:2013-07-24
2353:2013-07-24
2292:2013-07-24
2267:2013-07-24
2242:2013-07-24
2217:2013-07-24
2192:2013-07-24
2128:2013-07-24
2071:2009-02-07
2027:USDA, NRCS
1869:: 364–268.
1709:2019-01-06
1699:ITM online
1480:References
1468:Eucalyptus
1323:toothpaste
1265:nerve pain
1143:kaempferol
1139:hesperidin
1135:eriocitrin
1131:flavonoids
1127:terpenoids
1084:toothpaste
1076:flavorings
1068:Washington
1043:Production
948:resistance
892:Dulgo pole
727:chromosome
614:herbaceous
574:in 1721.
460:Peppermint
5315:210001264
5297:FloraBase
5106:Herbalism
4878:Liquorice
4838:Fenugreek
4833:Chaparral
4828:Chamomile
4781:Aloe vera
4722:Spice rub
4717:Seasoning
4684:Pakistani
4515:Idli podi
4486:Gochujang
4436:Crab boil
4353:Yuzu zest
4284:Sassafras
4172:Liquorice
4078:Fenugreek
4015:Cultivars
3306:(English)
2525:0018-5345
1906:page 387.
1844:0898-140X
1775:830314789
1673:1615-9314
1630:1873-4286
1506:748502326
1421:heartburn
1307:ice cream
1273:heartburn
1257:topically
1175:mosquitos
1057:Argentina
1051:, led by
991:Argentina
803:cultivars
797:Cultivars
486:spearmint
482:watermint
164:Species:
146:Lamiaceae
70:Kingdom:
5506:VicFlora
5495:VASCAN:
5488:17600157
5483:Tropicos
5426:2.153672
5390:11124516
5377:450969-1
5237:BioLib:
5165:Wikidata
5156:piperita
5029:Shiitake
4958:Valerian
4948:Turmeric
4918:Rosemary
4883:Marigold
4848:Flaxseed
4843:Feverfew
4823:Cardamom
4806:Cannabis
4791:Borututu
4661:Culinary
4635:Vadouvan
4610:Shichimi
4508:Húng lìu
4328:Turmeric
4313:Tamarind
4162:Korarima
4095:Galangal
4063:Deulkkae
4022:Cinnamon
4000:Jalapeño
3990:Chipotle
3938:Cardamom
3891:Allspice
3858:Woodruff
3848:Tarragon
3813:Rosemary
3778:Marjoram
3740:Lavender
3735:Kkaennip
3673:Culantro
3657:Bolivian
3606:Bay leaf
3578:Angelica
3515:Archived
3485:Archived
3455:Archived
3433:11766133
3375:Archived
3333:Archived
3282:20568911
3238:95563388
3196:Archived
3192:72889915
3184:18285310
3134:Archived
3107:21833945
3058:22520810
3050:24100754
3015:22823187
3007:19768994
2979:piperita
2904:23569733
2843:Archived
2817:Archived
2779:Archived
2750:Archived
2728:20627615
2609:Archived
2576:Archived
2533:54203253
2471:26626639
2423:Archived
2417:piperita
2374:piperita
2341:piperita
2313:Archived
2160:Archived
2122:Archived
2092:Archived
2029:(n.d.).
2011:Archived
2007:piperita
1703:Archived
1681:25431171
1638:19075696
1590:Archived
1586:piperita
1562:Archived
1558:piperita
1534:19 March
1511:Archived
1461:See also
1447:ISO 5563
1368:piperita
1214:limonene
1202:menthone
1186:piperita
1167:piperita
1133:such as
1112:pulegone
1108:limonene
1031:Source:
939:Diseases
882:piperita
872:piperita
862:piperita
852:piperita
838:piperita
824:piperita
814:piperita
801:Several
758:invasive
622:rhizomes
521:menthone
469:piperita
340:J.Fraser
211:Synonyms
170:M.
142:Family:
136:Lamiales
126:Asterids
113:Eudicots
5328:2927179
5258:Ecocrop
5171:Q156037
5152:Mentha
5019:Meshima
5014:Maitake
4978:Za'atar
4963:Verbena
4903:Oregano
4863:Ginseng
4818:Caraway
4776:Alfalfa
4645:Za'atar
4540:Mitmita
4491:Harissa
4406:Berbere
4396:Baharat
4363:Zereshk
4358:Zedoary
4338:Vanilla
4301:huājiāo
4274:Saffron
4264:Radhuni
4244:Paprika
4229:Njangsa
4224:Nigella
4202:Mustard
4100:greater
4010:Tabasco
3985:Cayenne
3965:Charoli
3933:Caraway
3928:Camphor
3896:Amchoor
3808:Perilla
3803:Parsley
3798:Oregano
3793:Mitsuba
3788:Mugwort
3713:giấp cá
3693:Epazote
3664:rau răm
3630:Chervil
3274:7529306
3140:13 July
3098:8745618
2895:3609176
2319:24 July
2166:24 July
2098:24 July
1898:L. In:
1454:ISO 856
1441:ISO 676
1269:itching
1210:cineole
1198:menthol
1169:subsp.
1053:Morocco
1033:FAOSTAT
977:42,898
973:Morocco
786:dibbled
751:runners
739:sterile
733:Ecology
717:⁄
710:corolla
703:⁄
693:⁄
686:flowers
679:⁄
665:⁄
655:⁄
641:⁄
587:species
517:menthol
472:) is a
432:Malinv.
384:Forssk.
365:citrata
268:Wender.
228:Salisb.
192:Mentha
152:Genus:
132:Order:
74:Plantae
5577:Mentha
5457:PLANTS
5433:NZOR:
5354:361371
5276:579698
5217:165355
5214:APDB:
5194:AoFP:
5096:Herbal
4973:Yarrow
4858:Ginkgo
4853:Ginger
4679:Indian
4496:Hawaij
4451:Douchi
4426:Chaunk
4391:Advieh
4386:Adjika
4378:Blends
4348:Wasabi
4289:Sesame
4234:Nutmeg
4197:Mahleb
4192:Mastic
4127:Golpar
4117:Ginger
4112:Garlic
4105:lesser
4073:Fennel
3970:Chenpi
3950:Cassia
3881:Ajwain
3876:Aonori
3868:Spices
3843:Sorrel
3828:Savory
3773:Lovage
3720:Hyssop
3647:Cicely
3635:Chives
3625:Borage
3613:tejpat
3521:7 June
3491:7 June
3461:8 June
3431:
3280:
3272:
3236:
3190:
3182:
3105:
3095:
3056:
3048:
3013:
3005:
2975:Mentha
2954:
2927:
2902:
2892:
2849:1 June
2809:
2726:
2690:Mentha
2671:
2638:
2582:6 July
2531:
2523:
2469:
2429:6 June
2413:Mentha
2370:Mentha
2337:Mentha
2152:
2045:7 June
2003:Mentha
1988:
1964:
1902:, ed.
1896:Mentha
1842:
1773:
1763:
1739:
1679:
1671:
1636:
1628:
1582:Mentha
1554:Mentha
1504:
1391:Safety
1364:Mentha
1283:radium
1220:, and
1208:, 1,8-
1190:GC/FID
1182:Mentha
1163:Mentha
1141:, and
1120:pinene
1118:, and
1104:cineol
1064:Oregon
1049:tonnes
1024:51,081
1013:1,173
1009:Mexico
1006:
995:6,977
988:
970:
878:Mentha
868:Mentha
858:Mentha
848:Mentha
834:Mentha
820:Mentha
810:Mentha
630:leaves
628:. The
527:Botany
493:Mentha
474:hybrid
465:Mentha
260:Pérard
252:Pérard
236:Willd.
157:Mentha
5567:Herbs
5521:13138
5403:32275
5385:IRMNG
5361:IPA:
5341:24078
5289:MENPI
5240:41145
5230:76946
5204:APA:
4987:Fungi
4943:Thyme
4786:Anise
4769:Herbs
4654:Lists
4620:Tajin
4615:Tabil
4456:Duqqa
4416:Buknu
4333:Uzazi
4308:Sumac
4294:Shiso
4217:white
4212:brown
4207:black
4157:Kokum
4042:Cumin
4037:Cubeb
4027:Clove
3975:Chili
3943:black
3901:Anise
3853:Thyme
3838:Shiso
3725:Jimbu
3678:Cress
3620:Boldo
3599:Lemon
3584:Basil
3569:Herbs
3378:(PDF)
3371:(PDF)
3278:S2CID
3234:S2CID
3188:S2CID
3054:S2CID
3011:S2CID
2529:S2CID
2505:(5).
2467:S2CID
1456::2006
1334:TRPM8
1327:soaps
1311:candy
1194:GC-MS
1171:notho
1157:var.
1019:World
895:Zefir
743:seeds
626:roots
597:with
408:Mill.
363:var.
316:Röhl.
292:Druce
120:Clade
107:Clade
94:Clade
81:Clade
5498:6410
5470:POWO
5462:MEPI
5413:1570
5398:ITIS
5372:IPNI
5364:6009
5336:GRIN
5323:GBIF
5302:6886
5284:EPPO
5263:2099
5250:5412
5225:APNI
5207:2422
5197:1405
4923:Sage
4893:Neem
4368:Zest
4269:Rose
4083:blue
3906:star
3823:Sage
3783:Mint
3698:Hemp
3688:Dill
3594:Thai
3589:Holy
3523:2009
3493:2009
3463:2009
3429:PMID
3386:2017
3364:L.,
3341:2017
3270:PMID
3180:PMID
3142:2015
3103:PMID
3046:PMID
3003:PMID
2952:ISBN
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