62:
532:
559:
40:
354:, especially by the Japanese, therefore it should not be considered an interchangeable synonym for either cultigen. Recent genetic research confirms that the cultigens are of a common gene pool, corroborating the
484:
fragrance may turn out to be present or absent in the individual or population, and this is not differentiable from outward appearance alone. Chemical studies classify the genus into different
1625:
1664:
297:, although it was well established that these types readily cross-pollinate. An early example of dividing the two cultigens into different species is found in
854:
Nitta, Miyuki; Lee, Ju Kyong; Ohnishi, Ohmi (2003). "AsianPerilla crops and their weedy forms: Their cultivation, utilization and genetic relationships".
1573:
1638:
1586:
1700:
1222:
1454:
1408:
1802:
801:. It is called "zi su" (紫苏/紫蘇), and is used to disperse wind-cold, bloating, and stomach and lung problems. It is sometimes paired with
1357:
1299:
1264:
1205:
1169:
1135:
1104:
1011:
943:
912:
452:
The past legacies and subsequent reclassification of taxa has led to confusion of nomenclature. The red or purple leafed variety of
1256:
969:
1612:
1127:
772:
569:
509:
493:
475:
453:
384:
345:
311:
282:
232:
935:
1643:
61:
1651:
1154:
Blaschek, Wolfgang; Hänsel, Rudolf; Keller, Konstantin; Reichling, Jürgen; Rimpler, Horst; Schneider, Georg, eds. (1998).
1035:
798:
690:
1161:
1713:
1669:
1797:
1792:
867:
466:, and this label was used throughout the 19th century in the West following the introduction of the species for
1401:
Tropentag 2016 Wien: International
Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development
1291:
1285:
20:
1718:
1560:
904:
654:
1474:
1096:
620:
249:
is also a frequently employed common name ("perilla"), applicable to all varieties. Perilla varieties are
1565:
1197:
964:
599:
1679:
1591:
1534:
1442:
673:
503:
404:
250:
637:
165:
1807:
1759:
1705:
879:
786:
759:
707:
544:
369:
330:
292:
227:
198:
56:
48:
1058:
298:
1687:
1630:
1521:
1450:
1432:
1404:
1353:
1326:
1295:
1260:
1250:
1201:
1165:
1155:
1131:
1121:
1100:
1090:
1007:
939:
908:
898:
871:
1741:
1189:
959:
929:
1692:
997:
863:
782:
467:
254:
207:
1389:
99:
1446:
1436:
1787:
1388:
Grbic, Nikolina; Pinker, Ina; Paschko, Kerstin; Böhme, Michael (18–21 September 2016).
1322:
1227:
768:
471:
262:
86:
531:
1781:
1512:
423:
species with insufficient description and without known herbarium specimens include:
324:
277:
is confused, partly because botanists struggled with distinguishing the two distinct
182:
883:
1764:
1526:
558:
1281:
1075:
1751:
1656:
1599:
1506:
764:
736:
155:
1497:
355:
1343:
875:
829:
e.g. occurs in
Heibonsha 1964 Encyclopedia, though the genus name is misspelt
1547:
1349:
1003:
806:
802:
593:
488:, depending on the essential oils they contain. Three wild species that are
485:
219:
203:
145:
1731:
931:
Ethnic
Culinary Herbs: A Guide to Identification and Cultivation in Hawaiʻi
1030:
Satake, Yoshisuke; Nishi, Sadao; Motoyama, Tekishū, eds. (1969) . "shiso"
1726:
1491:
750:
728:
538:
489:
278:
135:
125:
112:
1062:
1578:
1375:
High altitudes of the
Himalaya: Biodiversity, ecology & environment
754:
1604:
605:
305:
258:
1468:
492:
to Japan are recognized as genetically distinct from the cultivated
39:
1552:
746:
742:
732:
242:
73:
1617:
1390:"The Nutritional Treasure of Leafy Vegetables-Perilla frutescens"
222:
215:
211:
1472:
1190:"Studies on Perilla Relating to Its Essential Oil and Taxonomy"
1123:
Cultivated
Vegetables of the World:: A Multilingual Onomasticon
202:
and a few wild species in nature belonging to the mint family,
1539:
1072:
Nomenclature of
Japanese plants in Latin, Japanese and Chinese
281:
as different species or variations. Until a few decades ago,
868:
10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0245:APCATW]2.0.CO;2
810:
1400:
358:' claim for consolidating the two crops into one species.
291:
was regarded as a species in its own right, distinct from
1047:]. Vol. 10. Tōkyō: Heibonsha. pp. 246–207.
741:
Perilla varieties are cultivated and consumed mainly in
196:
is a genus consisting of one major
Asiatic crop species
1397:
Solidarity in a competing world - fair use of resources
996:
Yu, He-ci; Kosuna, Kenichi; Haga, Megumi, eds. (1997).
1377:. Nainital, India: Gyanodaya Prakashan. p. 338.
1252:
World Spice Plants: Economic Usage, Botany, Taxonomy
928:
Staples, George W.; Kristiansen, Michael S. (1999).
1481:
1089:Roecklein, John C.; Leung, PingSun, eds. (1987).
1287:The Induction of Flowering: Some Case Histories
1403:. Göttingen, Germany: Cuvillier. p. 105.
1331:. London: James Ridgway and Sons. p. 166.
797:Perilla is one of the 50 fundamental herbs in
1433:"Perilla: Botany, Uses and Genetic Resources"
1395:. In Freyer, Bernhard; Tielkes, Eric (eds.).
301:'s 1884 nomenclature book, where the synonym
8:
1223:"The Garden's Tiny Culinary Transformations"
1345:World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference
1157:Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis
1149:
1147:
1025:
1023:
897:Vaughan, John; Geissler, Catherine (2009).
1469:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
470:. Whether green-leafed or red-leafed, the
38:
27:
206:. The genus encompasses several distinct
1373:Pangtey, Y. P. S.; Rawal, R. S. (1994).
1342:Wiersema, John H.; León, Blanca (1999).
502:, however, some references treat, e.g.,
960:"Beefsteak Plant (Perilla frustescens)"
849:
847:
845:
841:
822:
781:leaves, seeds, and sprouts are used in
1435:. In J., Janick; Simon, J. E. (eds.).
1183:
1181:
474:factor that characterizes the unique
344:has historically been used to denote
7:
1680:434da63f-b80e-4d8f-950a-fc9bb34aefbe
1221:Mendelson, Charlotte (29 Jul 2017).
1074:]. Tōkyō: Z.P. Maruya. pp.
991:
989:
987:
1160:(in German) (3 ed.). Berlin:
900:The New Oxford Book of Food Plants
14:
1719:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326475-2
1194:Phytochemistry Research Progress
970:U. S. Department of the Interior
557:
530:
374:– also called Korean perilla or
261:. Some varieties are considered
60:
659:(Link) Raizada & H.O.Saxena
1192:. In Matsumoto, Takumi (ed.).
1128:Wageningen Academic Publishers
809:to dispel dampness and tonify
570:Perilla frutescens var. crispa
1:
1130:. pp. 180–181, 677–678.
1328:Labiatarum Genera et Species
1280:Zeevaart, Jan A. D. (1969).
1249:Seidemann, Johannes (2005).
1092:A Profile of Economic Plants
1045:Heibonsha World Encyclopedia
799:Traditional Chinese Medicine
691:Plectranthus scutellarioides
642:(Thunb.) C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li
1803:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1162:Gabler Wissenschaftsverlage
936:University of Hawaiʻi Press
508:as the same species as the
505:P. frutescens var. hirtella
413:– also called lemon perilla
1824:
1431:Brenner, David M. (1993).
999:Perilla: The Genus Perilla
726:
18:
1284:. In Evans, L. T. (ed.).
57:Scientific classification
55:
46:
37:
30:
16:Genus of flowering plants
1292:Cornell University Press
1095:. New Brunswick, U.S.A:
1066:
1039:
1031:
903:(2nd ed.). Oxford:
767:are used extensively in
378:; the leaves are called
21:Perilla (disambiguation)
905:Oxford University Press
567:, the edible leaves of
542:, the edible leaves of
1097:Transaction Publishers
1037:Sekai dai-hyakka jiten
273:The classification of
1443:John Wiley & Sons
1198:Nova Biomedical Books
1188:Ito, Michiho (2008).
1064:Nippon shokubutsumeii
965:National Park Service
727:Further information:
655:Elsholtzia stachyodes
1294:. pp. 116–155.
1120:Kays, S. J. (2011).
674:Agastache foeniculum
621:Elsholtzia fruticosa
522:Formerly placed here
19:For other uses, see
787:Vietnamese cuisines
763:leaves, seeds, and
468:ornamental planting
401:, or Japanese basil
336:. The species name
253:and intra-specific
1200:. pp. 13–30.
972:. 11 November 2010
708:Elsholtzia ciliata
545:Perilla frutescens
320:, and the synonym
199:Perilla frutescens
49:Perilla frutescens
1775:
1774:
1688:Open Tree of Life
1475:Taxon identifiers
1456:978-0-471-59374-4
1410:978-3-9801686-7-0
1164:. pp. 328–.
600:Elsholtzia blanda
448:
440:
432:
327:
308:
269:Taxa and synonyms
189:
188:
185:
1815:
1798:Lamiaceae genera
1793:Medicinal plants
1768:
1767:
1755:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1722:
1721:
1709:
1708:
1696:
1695:
1683:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1660:
1659:
1657:NHMSYS0000461586
1647:
1646:
1634:
1633:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1607:
1595:
1594:
1582:
1581:
1569:
1568:
1556:
1555:
1543:
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1530:
1529:
1517:
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1502:
1501:
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1470:
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1428:
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1419:
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1394:
1385:
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1364:
1363:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1319:
1306:
1305:
1277:
1271:
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1246:
1240:
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1237:
1235:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1151:
1142:
1141:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1059:Matsumura, Jinzō
1055:
1049:
1048:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1006:. pp. 1–3.
993:
982:
981:
979:
977:
956:
950:
949:
925:
919:
918:
894:
888:
887:
851:
830:
827:
713:
704:
696:
687:
679:
670:
660:
651:
643:
634:
626:
617:
609:
596:
561:
534:
462:had been dubbed
446:
438:
430:
325:
306:
181:
65:
64:
42:
28:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1763:
1758:
1750:
1748:
1740:
1738:
1730:
1725:
1717:
1712:
1704:
1699:
1691:
1686:
1678:
1676:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1629:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1603:
1598:
1590:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1564:
1559:
1551:
1546:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1520:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1477:
1466:
1464:
1457:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1323:Bentham, George
1321:
1320:
1309:
1302:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1259:. p. 278.
1248:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1099:. p. 349.
1088:
1087:
1083:
1068:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1014:
995:
994:
985:
975:
973:
958:
957:
953:
946:
927:
926:
922:
915:
907:. p. 340.
896:
895:
891:
856:Economic Botany
853:
852:
843:
839:
834:
833:
828:
824:
819:
807:Guang Huo Xiang
795:
739:
725:
720:
711:
702:
694:
685:
677:
668:
658:
649:
647:P. leptostachya
641:
632:
625:(D. Don) Rehder
624:
615:
603:
592:
586:
585:
584:
583:
582:
562:
554:
553:
535:
524:
436:P. heteromorpha
363:Perilla species
329:was applied to
271:
231:(deulkkae) and
180:
59:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1821:
1819:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1765:wfo-4000028769
1756:
1746:
1736:
1723:
1710:
1697:
1684:
1674:
1661:
1648:
1635:
1622:
1609:
1596:
1583:
1570:
1557:
1544:
1531:
1518:
1503:
1487:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1423:
1409:
1380:
1365:
1358:
1334:
1307:
1300:
1290:. Ithaca, NY:
1272:
1265:
1241:
1228:The New Yorker
1213:
1206:
1177:
1170:
1143:
1136:
1126:. Wageningen:
1112:
1105:
1081:
1050:
1019:
1012:
983:
951:
944:
938:. p. 82.
920:
913:
889:
862:(2): 245–253.
840:
838:
835:
832:
831:
821:
820:
818:
815:
794:
791:
769:Korean cuisine
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:
700:P. polystachya
697:
683:P. nankinensis
680:
678:(Pursh) Kuntze
666:P. marathrosma
663:
644:
627:
610:
563:
556:
555:
536:
529:
528:
527:
526:
525:
523:
520:
472:perillaldehyde
464:P. nankinensis
450:
449:
441:
433:
417:
416:
415:
414:
402:
393:– also called
310:is applied to
270:
267:
187:
186:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
110:
103:
102:
97:
90:
89:
84:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
53:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1820:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1685:
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1666:
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1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
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1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1412:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1359:9780849321191
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:9780333101537
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1266:9783540222798
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1242:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1207:9781604562323
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1171:9783540616191
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:9789086861644
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1106:9780887381676
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:9789057021718
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:
992:
990:
988:
984:
971:
967:
966:
961:
955:
952:
947:
945:9780824820947
941:
937:
933:
932:
924:
921:
916:
914:9780199549467
910:
906:
902:
901:
893:
890:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
850:
848:
846:
842:
836:
826:
823:
816:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
792:
790:
788:
784:
780:
779:
775:
774:P. frutescens
770:
766:
762:
761:
760:P. frutescens
756:
752:
748:
744:
738:
734:
730:
722:
717:
712:(Thunb.) Hyl.
710:
709:
701:
698:
693:
692:
684:
681:
676:
675:
667:
664:
662:
657:
656:
648:
645:
640:
639:
631:
630:P. lanceolata
628:
623:
622:
614:
611:
607:
602:
601:
595:
591:
588:
587:
580:
576:
575:P. frutescens
572:
571:
566:
560:
551:
550:P. frutescens
547:
546:
541:
540:
533:
521:
519:
517:
516:
512:
511:P. frutescens
507:
506:
501:
500:
496:
495:P. frutescens
491:
487:
483:
482:
478:
477:P. frutescens
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:
456:
455:P. frutescens
445:
444:P. setoyensis
442:
437:
434:
429:
428:P. cavaleriei
426:
425:
424:
422:
412:
411:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
391:
387:
383:
382:
381:
377:
373:
372:
371:P. frutescens
368:
367:
366:
364:
359:
357:
353:
352:
348:
347:P. frutescens
343:
339:
335:
333:
328:
323:
319:
318:
314:
313:P. frutescens
309:
304:
300:
296:
295:
294:P. frutescens
290:
289:
285:
284:P. frutescens
280:
276:
268:
266:
264:
260:
256:
255:hybridization
252:
251:cross-fertile
248:
244:
241:(shiso). The
240:
239:
235:
234:P. frutescens
230:
229:
228:P. frutescens
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:
195:
194:
184:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
167:
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161:
160:
157:
154:
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134:
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127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:Tracheophytes
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
51:
50:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
1482:
1465:
1441:. New York:
1437:
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1396:
1383:
1374:
1368:
1344:
1337:
1327:
1286:
1275:
1251:
1244:
1232:. Retrieved
1226:
1216:
1196:. New York:
1193:
1156:
1122:
1115:
1091:
1084:
1071:
1063:
1053:
1044:
1036:
998:
974:. Retrieved
963:
954:
934:. Honolulu:
930:
923:
899:
892:
859:
855:
825:
803:Tu Huo Xiang
796:
777:
773:
758:
740:
723:Culinary use
706:
699:
689:
682:
672:
665:
661:
653:
646:
638:Mosla scabra
636:
629:
619:
613:P. fruticosa
612:
598:
589:
578:
574:
568:
564:
549:
543:
537:
514:
510:
504:
498:
494:
480:
476:
463:
458:
454:
451:
443:
435:
427:
420:
418:
409:
405:
398:
394:
389:
385:
379:
375:
370:
362:
360:
350:
346:
342:P. ocimoides
341:
338:P. ocymoides
337:
331:
322:P. ocymoides
321:
316:
312:
302:
293:
287:
283:
274:
272:
246:
237:
233:
226:
225:, including
197:
192:
191:
190:
176:
175:
166:Elsholtzieae
119:
106:
93:
80:
47:
31:
25:
1600:iNaturalist
1507:Wikispecies
1445:. pp.
737:Perilla oil
356:taxonomists
156:Nepetoideae
152:Subfamily:
100:Angiosperms
1782:Categories
1255:. Berlin:
1002:. London:
976:4 December
837:References
695:(L.) R.Br.
486:chemotypes
334:frutescens
1808:Lamiaceae
1438:New crops
1350:CRC Press
1282:"Perilla"
1004:CRC Press
876:0013-0001
793:Herbalism
419:Possible
361:Existing
303:P. arguta
299:Matsumura
279:cultigens
259:naturally
220:vegetable
210:of Asian
208:varieties
204:Lamiaceae
146:Lamiaceae
70:Kingdom:
1749:VASCAN:
1732:40004639
1727:Tropicos
1498:Q7168518
1492:Wikidata
1325:(1836).
1257:Springer
1061:(1884).
884:30209741
783:Japanese
771:, while
765:seed oil
751:Thailand
729:Deulkkae
608:) Benth.
590:P. elata
539:Kkaennip
439:Carrière
410:hirtella
380:kkaennip
376:deulkkae
263:invasive
142:Family:
136:Lamiales
126:Asterids
113:Eudicots
1742:5866393
1631:1096225
1618:21102-1
1579:2926832
1513:Perilla
1483:Perilla
1447:322–328
1040:世界大百科事典
755:Vietnam
686:Wender.
669:Spreng.
490:endemic
447:G.Honda
421:Perilla
275:Perilla
257:occurs
247:Perilla
193:Perilla
177:Perilla
172:Genus:
162:Tribe:
132:Order:
74:Plantae
32:Perilla
1739:uBio:
1701:PLANTS
1693:295688
1677:NZOR:
1605:418990
1566:124553
1453:
1407:
1356:
1298:
1263:
1234:18 Nov
1204:
1168:
1134:
1103:
1067:日本植物名彙
1010:
942:
911:
882:
874:
778:crispa
735:, and
703:D.Don.
650:D.Don.
606:Benth.
594:D.Don.
579:crispa
565:Aojiso
515:crispa
499:crispa
481:crispa
459:crispa
431:H.Lév.
399:tía tô
390:crispa
351:crispa
317:crispa
307:Benth.
288:crispa
238:crispa
218:, and
1788:Herbs
1706:PERIL
1670:48385
1644:32633
1626:IRMNG
1553:1PRJG
1540:70851
1527:8W28Q
1416:5 May
1393:(PDF)
1070:[
1043:[
880:S2CID
817:Notes
776:var.
747:Japan
743:Korea
733:Shiso
633:Benth
616:D.Don
577:var.
513:var.
497:var.
479:var.
457:var.
408:var.
406:P. f.
395:shiso
388:var.
386:P. f.
349:var.
315:var.
286:var.
245:name
243:genus
236:var.
120:Clade
107:Clade
94:Clade
81:Clade
1752:1522
1714:POWO
1665:NCBI
1639:ITIS
1613:IPNI
1592:9110
1587:GRIN
1574:GBIF
1548:EPPO
1451:ISBN
1418:2017
1405:ISBN
1354:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1261:ISBN
1236:2017
1202:ISBN
1166:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1101:ISBN
1008:ISBN
978:2016
940:ISBN
909:ISBN
872:ISSN
785:and
753:and
223:crop
216:seed
212:herb
1760:WFO
1652:NBN
1561:FoC
1535:EoL
1522:CoL
1076:136
864:doi
805:or
718:Use
340:or
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1762::
1729::
1716::
1703::
1690::
1667::
1654::
1641::
1628::
1615::
1602::
1589::
1576::
1563::
1550::
1537::
1524::
1509::
1494::
1449:.
1399:.
1352:.
1348:.
1310:^
1225:.
1180:^
1146:^
1034:.
1032:しそ
1022:^
986:^
968:.
962:.
878:.
870:.
860:57
858:.
844:^
813:.
811:qi
789:.
757:.
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745:,
731:,
705:=
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518:.
397:,
365::
332:P.
326:L.
265:.
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183:L.
122::
109::
96::
83::
1459:.
1420:.
1362:.
1304:.
1269:.
1238:.
1210:.
1174:.
1140:.
1109:.
1078:.
1016:.
980:.
948:.
917:.
886:.
866::
604:(
581:)
573:(
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548:(
23:.
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