435:(1974), which dealt with the relation between the lyrical self of a song's lyrics and its composer. Performance studies scholar Philip Auslander includes further contextual frames, in which musical persona is the primary product of musical performances apart from the original text. Auslander argues that music is a primary social frame as a "principle of organization which govern events." In addition, he categorizes three types of personae transformation: lateral moves within the same frame at a given moment; movements from one frame to another; and within a single frame that changes over time and hypothesizes that personae transformation could only happen when the genre framing changes. As a strategic formation of public identity in communities, musical personae describe how music moves through cultures. Persona maintains stability of performance with the expectation from the audience matching in musical presentation.
238:
friends, at home, etc. Depending on the individual's circumstance, a persona which they consider stronger within their specific social situation can be created because they put a higher emphasis on social interactions. Jung warned about using personas too much, fearing that one might lose their own individuality to their persona. A study has shown that this can be true to an extent; when taking a private self-rating test, there is a high correlation between how a person rates themselves and how they present themselves in public. It is difficult to tell if people are accurately filling out the test or answering what they find desirable.
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686:(1998). Cooper play-acted fictitious characters in order to help solve design questions. These personas need to be based on user research and can also be described in narrative form. Creating personas has become synonymous with creating a document, known as persona profile, instead of an "activity of empathetic role-play".
442:, like a pianist and their playing style, although the term is more commonly used to refer to the voice and performance nuances of a vocalist in a studio album or in a live concert. In online spaces where personae are more visible, musical personae can be created through the flexible and fluid virtual bodies of avatars.
378:, any narrative voice that speaks in the first person and appears to define a particular character is often referred to as a persona. It is contrasted with a third-person narrative voice, generally taken to be more objective and impersonal. There are borderline cases, such as the “we” that occurs late in
237:
under various guises. People may choose to wear a social mask or use a persona to make themselves appear more socially desirable. This is used to impress potential partners or to make new friends. People can have multiple personas that they use in various situations; this can include work, being with
670:
that represents a group or segment of customers so that the company can focus its efforts. For example, online advertising agencies can monitor pictures, browsing history and the ads people surfing the internet generally select or choose to click, and based on that data they tailor their merchandise
211:, when it became apparent that different individuals could assume the same role and that legal attributes such as rights, powers, and duties followed the role. The same individuals as actors could play different roles, each with its own legal attributes, sometimes even in the same court appearance.
166:
Persona studies is an academic field developed by communication and media scholars. The term “persona” has been discussed by sociologists Robert Park and Erving
Goffman in the 1950s. It is a tool to become persons by constructing the conception of our role and connecting the inner conception to the
245:, she argues that a person's persona can range in healthiness. The more healthy a persona is, the more socially acceptable and consistent that person remains. However, once a person starts to believe they are their persona, it can have adverse effects on their personality.
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The identification and application of personas improved
Development's efficiency and quality during the first development cycle in which they were used. In addition, the use of personas significantly improved corporate cohesiveness, focus and decision making at every
634:") played a key role in the group's international marketability. Spice Girl Melanie C later said the personas were "like a protection mechanism because it was like putting on this armour of being this, this character, rather than it actually being you."
371:. For Pound, the personae were a way of working through a specific poetic problem. In this sense, the persona is a transparent mask, wearing the traits of two poets and responding to two situations, old and new, which are similar and overlapping.
366:
in response to figures in
Browning’s dramatic monologues. Whereas Eliot used "masks" to distance himself from aspects of modern life which he found degrading and repulsive, Pound's personae were often poets and could be considered in good part
382:'s poem and functions something like a chorus in a Greek tragedy, but in general any identifiable narrator whose point of view or manner of speaking clearly distinguishes them from the author is considered a literary persona.
449:, though they may also be composers. Many performers make use of a persona. Some artists create various characters, especially if their career is long and they go through many changes over time. For example,
253:
figure. By losing their "ego", their persona becomes their personality in an archetypal form. However, when this occurs, the person becomes unstable and they are unable to act outside their formed persona.
200:). It is the etymology of the word "person," or "parson" in French. Latin etymologists explain that persona comes from "per/sonare" as "the mask through which (per) resounds the voice (of the actor)."
467:
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outer world as individuals. Yet, the terminology of identity and personae has been applied loosely and both imply the impressions of self and social performances in their works.
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489:, and with his distinctive hair, nasal voice, and clothing. The persona also serves to claim a right or to draw attention to a certain subject. That is the case of
1904:
1364:
847:"Persona and the Performance of Identity Parallel Developments in the Biographical Historiography of Science and Gender, and the Related Uses of Self Narrative"
1969:
340:. These writers understood the term slightly differently and derived its use and meaning from different traditions. Examples of Eliot's personae were "
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1956:
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324:, the term generally refers to a character established by an author, one in whose voice all or part of a narrative takes place. Poets such as
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Analytical
Psychology and German Classical Aesthetics: Goethe, Schiller, and Jung, Volume 1: The Development of the Personality
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524:. According to Beyoncé, Sasha is her wilder side, emerging during high octane stage performances and serving as a sort of
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174:. The usage of the word dates back to the beginnings of Latin civilization. The Latin word derived from the
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1936:"Viewed by Too Many or Viewed Too Little: Using Information Dissemination for Audience Segmentation"
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1011:. Michael Carrithers, Steven Collins, Steven Lukes. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. 1985.
465:, the personae are independent characters used in the artist's shows and albums (in this example,
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780:"Making Intellectual Room for Persona Studies: A New Consciousness and a Shifted Perspective"
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Harvey, Trevor S. (2016). "Avatar
Rockstars". In Whiteley, Sheila; Rambarran, Shara (eds.).
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to a targeted audience or better describe a customer segments using a data driven approach.
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477:). However, in music, a persona does not always mean a change. Some authors have noted that
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1191:(October 19, 2011). "Personality and persona: personality processes in self presentation".
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233:, the persona is also the mask or appearance one presents to the world. It may appear in
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163:. It is also considered "an intermediary between the individual and the institution."
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adopted personas based on nicknames given to them by the
British press. According to
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1943:
Association for
Information Science and Technology Annual Meeting 2017 (ASIST2017)
1934:
Jansen, Bernard; An, Jisun; Kwak, Haewoon; Salminen, Joni; Jung, Soon-gyo (2017).
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Persona of Anime: A Depth
Psychological Approach to the Persona and Individuation
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563:, a Polish homosexual. The personae were heavily used in her sophomore album,
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believed that once a person loses their identity to a persona, they become an
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Its meaning in the latter Roman period changed to indicate a "character" of a
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Rambarran, Shara (2021). ""Living in a
Fantasy": Performers and Identity.".
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Reading the
Beatles: cultural studies, literary criticism, and the Fab Four
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Bob Dylan: performing artist 1986-1990 & beyond : mind out of time
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481:'s charisma is due largely to his almost stereotyped image, always with a
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Usually, the performers assume a role that matches the music they sing on
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The word derives from Latin, where it originally referred to a theatrical
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and in online stories, the personas may especially reflect the authors'
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292: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
151:) is a strategic mask of identity in public, the public image of one's
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are strongly associated with such narrative voices, as is the writer
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The Category of the person : anthropology, philosophy, history
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552:: she employs multiple personae, ranging from what she calls the
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male persona, and is often used in the performance of her song, "
1332:
Frame analysis : an essay on the organization of experience
351:
171:
156:
1970:
Getting from research to personas: harnessing the power of data
518:: the persona of Beyoncé, "Sasha Fierce", appears on the album
1634:
261:
36:
666:
Personas are used in marketing and advertising by creating a
468:
The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars
1812:"Melanie C Imagines How The Spice Girls Would Fare In 2020"
647:, including the character Billy Shears "played by" drummer
1564:(Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007), ppp. 39, 51, and 108.
1537:
Virtual Music: Sound, Music, and Image in the Digital Era
1627:"Pop Personae: Why Do Some Women Perform In Character?"
1112:"Introduction: Legal Bodies: Corpus/Persona/Communitas"
438:
The concept of persona can also be used to refer to an
30:
This article is about the concept. For other uses, see
1712:"Nicki Minaj, the Rapper With a Crush on Meryl Streep"
534:: Jo Calderone, the persona of Gaga, performed at the
1505:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 171–190.
1435:
Fairchild, Charles; Marshall, P. David (2019-07-11).
1378:
Fairchild, Charles; Marshall, P. David (2019-07-11).
1254:
Poetry Into Song: Performance and Analysis of Lieder
1110:
Horsman, Yasco; Korsten, Frans-Willem (2016-09-01).
425:The concept of personae in music was introduced by
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1880:The Beatles, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
1769:
1686:"Lady Gaga Bends Gender, Minds With VMA Monologue"
184:," with the same meaning, and that from the Greek
778:Marshall, P. David; Barbour, Kim (2015-04-30).
1820:. Archived from the original on March 14, 2021
179:
1983:Personas and the Role of Design Documentation
1771:"Spice Girls: From Wannabes to World Beaters"
1160:. Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 7.
961:. University of Edinburgh. pp. 152, 160.
8:
453:initially adopted a role as alien messenger
1608:(University Press of America, 2006), p.14.
1503:The Oxford Handbook of Music and Virtuality
1257:(Oxford University Press US, 2010), p.235.
194:
185:
1883:(Cambridge University Press, 1997), p.75.
1768:Barrett, Christopher (November 10, 2007).
1657:"Beyoncé Starts 'Fierce' Atop Album Chart"
1363:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
978:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 157–158.
1491:Deborah Stein and Robert Spillman, p.106.
1460:
1403:
1127:
1099:. Cambridge University Press. p. 14.
959:The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
944:The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
803:
308:Learn how and when to remove this message
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1985:." Boxes and Arrow, February 27th, 2008.
1740:"Nicki Minaj Gets 'Revenge' With Eminem"
1224:
1222:
1055:"The Etruscan Phersu - phersuminiatures"
1183:
1181:
770:
656:In marketing and user experience design
159:that one adopts, or simply a fictional
1831:
1356:
1032:
1655:Jonathan, Cohen (November 26, 2008).
644:Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
350:. Pound developed such characters as
7:
1511:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199321285.013.1
1437:"Music and Persona: An Introduction"
1380:"Music and Persona: An Introduction"
290:adding citations to reliable sources
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1251:Deborah Stein and Robert Spillman,
1157:Two Essays on Analytical Psychology
1562:The words and music of David Bowie
684:The Inmates Are Running the Asylum
25:
682:introduced personas in his book,
27:Public image of one's personality
1972:". Cooper Journal, May 15, 2008.
1959:". Cooper Journal, May 15, 2008.
1205:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00704.x
266:
41:
1810:White, Amelia (April 2, 2020).
1710:Lizzy Goodman (June 20, 2010).
1586:(Omnibus Press, 2004), p.229.
640:: they present a group persona
501:and her interest in sexuality.
421:The concept of musical personae
277:needs additional citations for
52:needs additional citations for
972:Bishop, Paul (July 30, 2007).
845:Bosch, Mineke (January 2013).
835:, Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2020.
716:Dissociative identity disorder
493:and his interest in death and
1:
1453:10.21153/psj2019vol5no1art856
1396:10.21153/psj2019vol5no1art856
1129:10.1080/1535685X.2016.1232924
796:10.21153/ps2015vol1no1art464
863:10.7767/lhomme.2013.24.2.11
566:Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded
536:2011 MTV Video Music Awards
195:
2022:
1905:"The Power of the Persona"
1861:(SUNY Press, 2006), p.21.
1684:Dinh, James (2011-09-28).
1625:Chace, Zoe (12 Aug 2010).
1292:10.1162/dram.2006.50.1.100
1274:Auslander, Philip (2006).
1229:Jackson, Danielle (2017).
1162:Princeton University Press
946:. University of Edinburgh.
678:, known as user personas.
674:Personas are also used in
659:
528:for "unladylike" behavior.
461:. More than just artistic
218:
29:
1838:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1082:Oxford English Dictionary
662:Persona (user experience)
186:
1540:. New York: Bloomsbury.
1335:. New York. p. 10.
1329:Goffman, Erving (1974).
957:Goffman, Erving (1956).
942:Goffman, Erving (1956).
594:" or of a housewife in "
586:: he takes the guise of
380:Edwin Arlington Robinson
32:Persona (disambiguation)
1667:Prometheus Global Media
412:at Maple Leaf Gardens,
180:
1957:The origin of personas
1193:Journal of Personality
1097:Category of the Person
1095:Mouss, Marcel (1985).
1039:: CS1 maint: others (
676:user experience design
592:Sympathy for the Devil
417:
241:In a study written by
1688:. MTV. Archived from
1462:10536/DRO/DU:30128841
1405:10536/DRO/DU:30128841
927:Park, Robert (1950).
805:10536/DRO/DU:30072974
404:
1673:on January 26, 2010.
1116:Law & Literature
521:I Am... Sasha Fierce
432:The Composer's Voice
286:improve this article
221:Persona (psychology)
61:improve this article
1855:and Todd F. Davis,
1602:Bhesham R. Sharma,
832:Merriam-Webster.com
614:, these personas ("
459:The Thin White Duke
410:The Thin White Duke
2001:Literary criticism
1749:. Vibe Media Group
1692:on 18 October 2011
1276:"Musical Personae"
584:the Rolling Stones
538:. Jo represents a
474:Station to Station
418:
231:Jungian psychology
1738:Dawson, Imani A.
1717:New York magazine
1560:James E. Perone,
1547:978-1-5013-3637-9
1171:978-0-691-09776-3
1152:Jung, Carl Gustav
985:978-0-203-96088-2
908:ojs.deakin.edu.au
904:"Persona Studies"
668:marketing persona
604:: each member of
376:literary analysis
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247:James Hillman
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1791:February 23,
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284:Please help
279:verification
276:
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54:verification
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1280:TDR (1988-)
680:Alan Cooper
649:Ringo Starr
638:The Beatles
602:Spice Girls
580:Mick Jagger
559:persona to
550:Nicki Minaj
451:David Bowie
406:David Bowie
387:fan fiction
334:T. S. Eliot
153:personality
1995:Categories
1945:: 189–196.
1777:Music Week
1696:2011-09-28
1239:1964903170
1064:2023-05-01
991:August 27,
913:2023-04-23
889:2023-05-01
736:Stage name
611:Music Week
606:girl group
463:pseudonyms
369:alter egos
360:Propertius
330:Ezra Pound
322:literature
251:archetypal
205:theatrical
87:newspapers
1824:March 14,
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1662:Billboard
1640:19 August
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1359:cite book
1300:1054-2043
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871:2194-5071
827:"Persona"
814:2205-5258
766:Citations
746:Pseudonym
696:Alter ego
544:You and I
532:Lady Gaga
526:scapegoat
495:morbidity
483:harmonica
479:Bob Dylan
364:Mauberley
227:Carl Jung
161:character
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1834:cite web
1797:ProQuest
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397:In music
342:Prufrock
229:and the
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188:πρόσωπον
176:Etruscan
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429:in his
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588:Satan
447:stage
108:JSTOR
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1917:2009
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