165:
27:
176:
187:), and between 1958 and 1962, with occasional examinations of isolated areas since. The dedication stone of the Roman theatre was among the most significant finds and is unusual as the only recorded epigraphic mention of a magistrate in Roman Britain. Recording the gift of a proscenium stage to the civic settlement at Petuaria by a man called Marcus Ulpius Januarius, it has been dated to the reign of the Emperor
199:. Their re-use of the Januarius stone also reveals how much, after two hundred years, the priorities of those living in East Yorkshire had changed in the later Roman Empire, at a time when it has been said that the two major preoccupations of the local people of the time were âfloods and raidsâ, the latter coming mainly across the
287:
prepared the first of a group of mosaic pavements found at the villa site (a working quarry since the Middle Ages) during the war, for removal. Overnight it was stolen and although the rest were safely recovered to the museum and are on display to this day, the missing first one has never been found.
194:
His inscription was found re-used in the later stonework defences of
Petuaria and gives a clear illustration of the standard of civic works and also civil and literary society which at one time existed in or around Roman Brough, at a tiny town whose modern magistrates court was only recently closed
283:, just outside Brough, was first discovered in 1941 and would have been closely associated with the Roman town until it burnt down some time in the mid-4th century AD. This Roman site attracted modern notoriety to Brough in 1948, when a team of archaeologists from the
961:
976:
438:
9. âRoman
Mosaics of Britain: Volume I: Northern Britain incorporating the Midlands & East Angliaâ: â D.S. Neal & S.R. Cosh âSociety of Antiquaries of Londonâ 2002 Illuminata Publishers
429:
6. âNew Light on the Parisi: recent discoveries in Iron Age and Roman East
Yorkshireâ E. Riding Archaeological Society with University of Hull â editor P. Halkon 1989 (and subsequent editions)
465:
956:
432:
7. âBrading, Brantingham and York: a new look at some fourth-century mosaicsâ â R. Ling âBritannia â A Journal of Romano-British and kindred studiesâ Volume 22, 1991.
327:
971:
458:
120:(civil town), ferry-crossing and (attested) port which grew over and replaced the fort survived until about 370, and was probably the capital of the
966:
451:
441:
10.âThe Roman
Mosaics at Hullâ â D.S. Smith (3rd edition) 2005, M. Foreman and D. Crowther Hull & East Riding Museums & Art Gallery
905:
408:
271:
are sometimes interpreted as representing the practical importance of these
English rivers in Roman times for transport and travel.
70:
48:
917:
753:
91:
164:
357:
681:
284:
195:
in the late 1990s, so ending nearly two thousand years of locally recorded justice unprecedented anywhere else in the
169:
343:
256:
183:
Archaeological excavations of the site of
Petuaria were carried out in the 1930s (one of the archaeologists was
244:
95:
41:
35:
426:
5. âRoman
Mosaics in Britain: An Introduction to their schemes and a catalogue of paintingsâ â D.S. Neal 1981
379:
268:
435:
8. âRoman
Humbersideâ (2nd edn.) Humberside County Council Archaeology Unit: B. Sitch and A. Williams 1992
808:
724:
628:
52:
215:
Roman
Petuaria seems a genuine precursor to the strategic importance now held by the modern port city of
236:
175:
760:
736:
304:
Esmonde Cleary, A., DARMC, R. Talbert, R. Warner, J. Becker, S. Gillies, T. Elliott (13 April 2019).
592:
141:
99:
621:
524:
497:
483:
Placenames in brackets are either present-day names or counties where the towns formerly existed.
216:
125:
98:
now stands. Petuaria means something like 'quarter' or 'fourth part', incorporating the archaic
857:
676:
420:
3. âBrantingham Roman Villa: discoveries in 1962â â J. Liversedge; D.J. Smith and I.M. Stead.
404:
321:
184:
849:
705:
664:
396:
267:. That is why eight river goddesses who are shown reclining on the great mosaic from nearby
204:
885:
772:
700:
264:
188:
133:
107:
950:
784:
474:
196:
153:
652:
604:
248:
235:. Eight major rivers can be accessed from the North Sea through the estuary: the
597:
553:
423:
4. âBritannia â A Journal of Romano-British and kindred studiesâ Volume 4, 1973
280:
260:
220:
137:
129:
443:
843:
836:
796:
777:
741:
729:
712:
688:
645:
633:
616:
585:
580:
558:
252:
240:
932:
919:
877:
863:
831:
801:
765:
693:
506:
200:
813:
789:
717:
657:
533:
232:
145:
305:
891:
871:
609:
228:
179:
Part of a reconstruction of
Petuaria in the Hull and East Riding Museum
117:
669:
640:
511:
224:
87:
174:
163:
121:
116:
It was founded in 70 AD and abandoned in about 125. The adjacent
538:
417:
2. âExcavations at Brough on Humber 1958-1961â â J. Wacher 1964
149:
447:
20:
223:. For anyone travelling by boats of shallow draught, the
168:
Dedication stone of the Roman Theatre, on display in the
136:, which ran roughly northwards for a hundred miles to
962:
Archaeological sites in the East Riding of Yorkshire
977:
Scheduled monuments in the East Riding of Yorkshire
824:
573:
522:
495:
488:
459:
369:"Roman Humberside" B. Sitch & A. Williams
8:
347:. No. 18329. 24 August 1935. p. 4.
326:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
492:
466:
452:
444:
128:. Petuaria marked the southern end of the
16:Roman fort at Brough in Yorkshire, England
86:(or Petuaria Parisorum) was originally a
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
34:This article includes a list of general
957:History of the East Riding of Yorkshire
403:(2nd ed.). London: Penguin Books.
296:
319:
7:
906:List of Roman place names in Britain
401:Yorkshire: York and the East Riding
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
972:Roman towns and cities in England
227:is still a gateway into much of
152:) was also the final section of
144:). The section from Petuaria to
25:
967:Roman fortifications in England
380:"The Brantingham Tyche Mosaic"
344:The Evening Telegraph and Post
1:
475:Major towns of Roman Britain
306:"Places: 79639 (*Petuaria)"
285:Hull and East Riding Museum
170:Hull and East Riding Museum
90:situated where the town of
993:
341:"Occupied by the Romans".
903:
549:
481:
106:, 'four' (compare modern
399:; Neave, David (1995) .
96:East Riding of Yorkshire
269:Brantingham Roman villa
55:more precise citations.
809:Viroconium Cornoviorum
629:Durovernum Cantiacorum
180:
172:
178:
167:
761:Ratae Corieltauvorum
737:Noviomagus Reginorum
279:The nearby villa at
191:and around 140 A.D.
929: /
593:Corinium Dobunnorum
142:Newcastle upon Tyne
525:Britannia Inferior
498:Britannia Superior
217:Kingston upon Hull
181:
173:
912:
911:
858:Calleva Atrebatum
677:Isurium Brigantum
569:
568:
397:Pevsner, Nikolaus
275:Brantingham villa
219:, founded in the
185:Mary Kitson Clark
124:tribe called the
81:
80:
73:
984:
944:
943:
941:
940:
939:
934:
933:53.728°N 0.576°W
930:
927:
926:
925:
922:
896:
882:
868:
854:
850:Northamptonshire
840:
817:
805:
793:
781:
769:
757:
745:
733:
721:
709:
697:
685:
673:
665:Isca Dumnoniorum
661:
649:
637:
625:
613:
601:
589:
562:
542:
515:
493:
468:
461:
454:
445:
414:
384:
383:
376:
370:
367:
361:
355:
349:
348:
338:
332:
331:
325:
317:
315:
313:
301:
76:
69:
65:
62:
56:
51:this article by
42:inline citations
29:
28:
21:
992:
991:
987:
986:
985:
983:
982:
981:
947:
946:
937:
935:
931:
928:
923:
920:
918:
916:
915:
913:
908:
899:
888:
874:
860:
846:
834:
820:
811:
799:
787:
775:
763:
751:
739:
727:
715:
703:
691:
679:
667:
655:
643:
631:
619:
607:
595:
583:
565:
556:
545:
536:
518:
509:
484:
477:
472:
411:
395:
392:
387:
378:
377:
373:
368:
364:
356:
352:
340:
339:
335:
318:
311:
309:
303:
302:
298:
294:
277:
213:
205:Northern Europe
162:
77:
66:
60:
57:
47:Please help to
46:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
990:
988:
980:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
949:
948:
938:53.728; -0.576
910:
909:
904:
901:
900:
898:
897:
886:Venta Icenorum
883:
869:
855:
841:
828:
826:
822:
821:
819:
818:
806:
794:
782:
773:Venta Belgarum
770:
758:
746:
734:
722:
710:
701:Lindum Colonia
698:
686:
674:
662:
650:
638:
626:
614:
602:
590:
577:
575:
571:
570:
567:
566:
564:
563:
550:
547:
546:
544:
543:
530:
528:
520:
519:
517:
516:
503:
501:
490:
486:
485:
482:
479:
478:
473:
471:
470:
463:
456:
448:
409:
391:
388:
386:
385:
371:
362:
350:
333:
295:
293:
290:
276:
273:
212:
209:
189:Antoninus Pius
161:
158:
79:
78:
33:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
989:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
945:
942:
907:
902:
895:
893:
887:
884:
881:
879:
873:
870:
867:
865:
859:
856:
853:
851:
845:
842:
838:
833:
830:
829:
827:
823:
815:
810:
807:
803:
798:
795:
791:
786:
785:Venta Silurum
783:
779:
774:
771:
767:
762:
759:
755:
750:
747:
743:
738:
735:
731:
726:
723:
719:
714:
711:
707:
702:
699:
695:
690:
687:
683:
678:
675:
671:
666:
663:
659:
654:
651:
647:
642:
639:
635:
630:
627:
623:
618:
615:
611:
606:
603:
599:
594:
591:
587:
582:
579:
578:
576:
572:
560:
555:
552:
551:
548:
540:
535:
532:
531:
529:
527:
526:
521:
513:
508:
505:
504:
502:
500:
499:
494:
491:
487:
480:
476:
469:
464:
462:
457:
455:
450:
449:
446:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
410:0-14-071061-2
406:
402:
398:
389:
381:
375:
372:
366:
363:
359:
354:
351:
346:
345:
337:
334:
329:
323:
307:
300:
297:
291:
289:
286:
282:
274:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
210:
208:
206:
202:
198:
197:British Isles
192:
190:
186:
177:
171:
166:
159:
157:
155:
154:Ermine Street
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
132:known now as
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
75:
72:
64:
54:
50:
44:
43:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
914:
889:
875:
861:
847:
748:
653:Isca Augusta
605:Deva Victrix
581:Caesaromagus
523:
496:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
400:
393:
374:
365:
353:
342:
336:
310:. Retrieved
299:
278:
231:east of the
214:
193:
182:
140:(modern day
115:
110:
103:
83:
82:
67:
58:
39:
18:
936: /
598:Cirencester
554:Camulodunum
281:Brantingham
221:Middle Ages
160:Archaeology
138:Pons Aelius
134:Cade's Road
53:introducing
951:Categories
921:53°43â˛41âłN
844:Bannaventa
837:Wendlebury
797:Verulamium
778:Winchester
742:Chichester
730:Carmarthen
713:Luguvalium
689:Lactodurum
682:Aldborough
646:Gloucester
634:Canterbury
622:Dorchester
617:Durnovaria
586:Chelmsford
559:Colchester
308:. Pleiades
292:References
211:Importance
130:Roman road
88:Roman fort
61:March 2010
36:references
924:0°34â˛34âłW
878:Wiltshire
864:Hampshire
832:Alchester
802:St Albans
766:Leicester
725:Moridunum
694:Towcester
574:Surviving
507:Londinium
201:North Sea
100:Brythonic
814:Wroxeter
790:Caerwent
749:Petuaria
718:Carlisle
658:Caerleon
534:Eboracum
489:Capitals
322:cite web
265:Ancholme
233:Pennines
146:Eboracum
84:Petuaria
892:Norfolk
872:Cunetio
825:Extinct
706:Lincoln
610:Chester
390:Sources
360:-01 707
312:22 July
245:Derwent
229:England
118:civitas
94:in the
49:improve
754:Brough
670:Exeter
641:Glevum
512:London
407:
249:Wharfe
225:Humber
126:Parisi
122:Celtic
111:pedwar
104:petuar
92:Brough
38:, but
261:Trent
203:from
108:Welsh
539:York
405:ISBN
394:1. *
328:link
314:2014
263:and
253:Aire
241:Hull
237:Ouse
150:York
358:RIB
257:Don
113:).
953::
324:}}
320:{{
259:,
255:,
251:,
247:,
243:,
239:,
207:.
156:.
894:)
890:(
880:)
876:(
866:)
862:(
852:)
848:(
839:)
835:(
816:)
812:(
804:)
800:(
792:)
788:(
780:)
776:(
768:)
764:(
756:)
752:(
744:)
740:(
732:)
728:(
720:)
716:(
708:)
704:(
696:)
692:(
684:)
680:(
672:)
668:(
660:)
656:(
648:)
644:(
636:)
632:(
624:)
620:(
612:)
608:(
600:)
596:(
588:)
584:(
561:)
557:(
541:)
537:(
514:)
510:(
467:e
460:t
453:v
413:.
382:.
330:)
316:.
148:(
102:*
74:)
68:(
63:)
59:(
45:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
