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Angelfish vary in color and are very hardy fish. When kept in aquariums they can easily adapt to pH and hardness changes in water and can handle conditions that are not considered to be perfect. They are usually a long-living species and are easy to care for. They were very expensive in the aquarium
308:
As juveniles, some species are different colors than when they reach adulthood. For example, the Blue
Angelfish is a vibrant, electric blue color with black and white stripes or spots. When they reach adulthood, they turn a grayish color with yellow and blue fins and dark spots on their bodies.
399:, have broad, black bands and are indistinguishable from females; as they mature, bright orange bands develop on the flanks and back. Thought to correspond to social rank, these colour shifts are not necessarily confined to males; all marine angelfish species are known to be
317:
The larger species are also quite bold and seemingly fearless; they are known to approach divers. While the majority adapts easily to captive life, some are specialist feeders which are difficult to maintain. Feeding habits can be strictly defined through genus, with
591:
The
Pomacanthidae is frequently placed within the large order Perciformes but taxonomists have also placed the family within the order Acanthuriformes, alongside the Chaetodontidae and Acanthuridae, among others. Other authorities have resolved the family as
604:
The more speciose genera are, generally speaking, widely distributed, however some species, especially of the
Centropyge genus, are range restricted or endemic to specific islands or small island groups.
361:
are staples. On
Caribbean coral reefs, angelfishes primarily eat sponges, and have an important role in preventing the overgrowth of reef-building corals by eating faster-growing sponge species.
484:
is a vibrant, electric blue color with black and white stripes and sometimes spots as a juvenile. It turns a grayish color with dark spots and sometimes yellow and blue accents as an adult.
282:
do not exceed 15 cm (5.9 in). A length of 20 to 30 cm (7.9 to 11.8 in) is typical for the rest of the family. The smaller species are popular amongst
444:), also known as the "coral beauty" or "dusky angelfish" has a vibrant blue or darkish purple body with a reddish-yellow underside that is usually covered in stripes.
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In aquarium life they nibble on corals and rocks and are considered to be starter fish. They have a high metabolism so feeding only needs to occur every other day.
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In aquariums, two fish usually will breed within their community but will harass other fish in the tank, so it is best they have their own with plenty of room.
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animals, hiding amongst the nooks and crevices of the reef by night. Some species are solitary in nature and form highly territorial mated pairs; others form
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Most marine angelfishes restrict themselves to the shallows of the reef, seldom venturing deeper than 50 m (160 ft). The recently described
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With their bright colours and deep, laterally compressed bodies, marine angelfishes are some of the more conspicuous residents of the
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The Coral Beauty
Angelfish is native to the Indo-Pacific Ocean, usually found in shallow reefy waters or sometimes in deep waters.
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233:, a related family of similarly showy reef fish. Marine angelfish are distinguished from butterflyfish by the presence of strong
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It is highly demanded in the tropical aquarium trade, but is at low risk on the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species.
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purple and orange markings, surprisingly it is not conspicuous, and actually hides very well, and is very shy.
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Common to many species is a dramatic shift in coloration associated with maturity. For example, young male
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spawners, marine angelfishes release many tiny buoyant eggs into the water which then become part of the
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Found in stony and soft corals and are more likely to be found in vibrantly colored corals as juveniles.
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float freely with the currents until hatching, with a high number falling victim to planktonic feeders.
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with a single male dominant over several females. As juveniles, some species may eke out a living as
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1158:"Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 1): Families LOBOTIDAE, POMACANTHIDAE, DREPANEIDAE and CHAETODONTIDAE"
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911:"Chemical defenses and resource trade-offs structure sponge communities on Caribbean coral reefs"
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187:. The family contains seven genera and about 86 species. They should not be confused with the
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covers) in the former. This feature also explains the family name
Pomacanthidae; from the
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The Two-spined angelfish usually reaches up to 3 inches and have a rounded caudal fin.
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trade when first discovered, but have become more popular and therefore less pricey.
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992:"Pomacanthus semicirculatus: Pyle, R., Myers, R., Rocha, L.A. & Craig, M.T."
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286:, whereas the largest species are occasionally sought as a food fish; however,
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These stripes vary from purple, red and orange, and may even appear as spots.
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Many species of marine angelfishes have streamer-like extensions of the soft
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1038:"A reaction–diffusion wave on the skin of the marine angelfish Pomacanthus"
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grows to be 45 cm (18 in). With neon blue and yellow scales and
1358:
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1183:
Ricardo
Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017).
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French and gray angelfishes eating sponges on Conch Reef, Florida Keys.
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868:
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014).
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Vibrant electric blue color allows them to pose as toxic to predators.
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They feed on algae and hide in coral reefs and lagoons in the wild.
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is known to inhabit depths of 150 m (490 ft). They are
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Christopher
Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (21 July 2020).
268:, and rounded to lunate tail fins. The largest species, the
563:
Indo-Pacific Ocean, Australia, Merimbula, New South Wales
290:
has been reported as a result of eating marine angelfish.
506:
Rarely travel in schools and can grow up to 40 cm.
1125:
Angelfish : Understanding and
Keeping Angelfish
1348:
1269:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
1162:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
915:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
264:. The fish have small mouths, relatively large
1001:10.2305/iucn.uk.2010-4.rlts.t165851a6148505.en
538:Indo-Pacific Ocean, Fiji, Indonesia, Vanuatu
8:
1185:"Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes"
1036:Kondo, Shigeru; Asai, Rihito (August 1995).
1164:. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara
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493:Tend to hide from predators in dark areas.
29:
20:
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1100:"Pomacanthus semicirculatus summary page"
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535:) (Gunther, 1860) (Saltwater angelfish)
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601:There are 88 species in eight genera:
1018:
1007:
499:There are 13 different species in the
490:Dorsal and pelvic fin help with speed.
870:"Family-group names of Recent fishes"
7:
1626:Taxa named by Barton Warren Evermann
1560:865687AC-8E09-4467-FF0F-0E68FEFF7C0D
1521:9b154b06-ed7d-4e43-9e63-47a55173c9e6
1271:"Genera in the family Pomacanthidae"
560:(Goode, 1876) (Saltwater angelfish)
582:at Bomb bay, Netrani Island, India
14:
338:. Other species focus on sessile
229:. They most closely resemble the
1621:Taxa named by David Starr Jordan
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1281:California Academy of Sciences
1:
909:Loh, T-L; Pawlik, JR (2014).
249:meaning "cover" and ακάνθα,
171:. They are found on shallow
482:Pomacanthus semicirculatus)
1642:
557:Pomacanthus semicirculatus
549:Pomacanthus semicirculatus
509:Can live up to 25+ years.
474:Pomacanthus semicirculatus
401:protogynous hermaphrodites
1210:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
887:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1
620:Number of Living Species
148:
143:
50:Scientific classification
48:
37:
28:
23:
1318:. November 2005 version.
1308:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1245:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1189:BMC Evolutionary Biology
969:"Angels on the Pinnacle"
1123:Lass, David A. (2012).
936:10.1073/pnas.1321626111
334:preferring filamentous
1310:"Family Pomacanthidae"
1247:"Family Pomacanthidae"
1017:Cite journal requires
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551:
524:
476:
440:Two-spined angelfish (
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222:
1542:Paleobiology Database
1267:Eschmeyer, William N.
579:Pomacanthus annularis
575:
547:
533:Centropyge bispinosus
520:
472:
432:
216:Pygoplites diacanthus
210:
183:, and mostly western
1616:Marine fish families
1611:Perciformes families
1331:Pomacanthidae photos
576:Blue ring Angelfish
522:Centropage bispinosa
480:The blue angelfish (
442:Centropage bispinosa
434:Centropage bispinosa
274:Pomacanthus arcuatus
237:spines (part of the
189:freshwater angelfish
1201:2017BMCEE..17..162B
1195:(162 (2017)): 162.
1054:1995Natur.376..765K
927:2014PNAS..111.4151L
529:Twospined angelfish
324:species feeding on
288:ciguatera poisoning
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1593:
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1529:Open Tree of Life
1342:Taxon identifiers
1276:Catalog of Fishes
1134:978-1-62008-001-6
1127:. I5 Publishing.
1048:(6543): 765–768.
921:(11): 4151–4156.
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253:meaning "thorn".
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24:Marine angelfish
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1329:Skaphandrus.com
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977:. 18 July 2013.
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390:ornate angelfish
175:in the tropical
158:Marine angelfish
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43:Pomacanthus paru
39:French angelfish
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16:Family of fishes
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1299:Further reading
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425:Characteristics
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366:Centropyge abei
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299:queen angelfish
231:butterflyfishes
212:Royal angelfish
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880:(2): 001–230.
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1010:cite journal
994:2009-10-08.
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384:Reproduction
378:cleaner fish
365:
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197:Amazon Basin
168:
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1467:iNaturalist
1374:Wikispecies
1168:23 February
784:Pomacanthus
734:Holacanthus
709:Genicanthus
501:Pomacanthus
395:Genicanthus
326:zooplankton
321:Genicanthus
203:Description
191:, tropical
107:Perciformes
1600:Categories
1143:1058193506
1109:2020-04-29
855:References
806:Pygoplites
659:Centropyge
331:Centropyge
303:iridescent
279:Centropyge
235:preopercle
220:East Timor
1286:8 January
1070:0028-0836
639:M. Burton
355:bryozoans
351:tunicates
284:aquarists
262:anal fins
162:perciform
150:See text
117:Percoidea
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
1359:Wikidata
1315:FishBase
1252:FishBase
1229:28683774
1104:FishBase
1078:24547605
955:24567392
896:25543675
824:Timeline
739:Lacépède
714:Swainson
587:Taxonomy
412:plankton
359:hydroids
313:Behavior
193:cichlids
177:Atlantic
136:Evermann
123:Family:
87:Chordata
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
1365:Q320913
1220:5501477
1197:Bibcode
1086:4327563
1050:Bibcode
974:YouTube
946:3964098
923:Bibcode
874:Zootaxa
689:Bleeker
408:pelagic
370:diurnal
347:sponges
340:benthic
251:akantha
195:of the
144:Genera
103:Order:
93:Class:
1583:151470
1570:114322
1567:uBio:
1547:266308
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503:genus.
414:. The
397:bellus
374:harems
357:, and
258:dorsal
245:πομα,
181:Indian
138:, 1898
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132:Jordan
1578:WoRMS
1555:Plazi
1511:30862
1480:IRMNG
1472:47237
1433:627KR
1082:S2CID
617:Genus
614:Image
336:algae
243:Greek
218:from
173:reefs
1506:NCBI
1493:ITIS
1459:4498
1454:GBIF
1446:5260
1420:1860
1415:BOLD
1288:2021
1225:PMID
1170:2021
1139:OCLC
1129:ISBN
1074:PMID
1066:ISSN
1023:help
951:PMID
892:PMID
878:3882
664:Kaup
416:eggs
328:and
297:The
260:and
247:poma
239:gill
227:reef
165:fish
160:are
1441:EoL
1428:CoL
1402:AFD
1389:ADW
1215:PMC
1205:doi
1058:doi
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