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precast plant), the precast concrete is afforded the opportunity to properly cure and be closely monitored by plant employees. Using a precast concrete system offers many potential advantages over onsite casting. Precast concrete production can be performed on ground level, which maximizes safety in its casting. There is greater control over material quality and workmanship in a precast plant compared to a construction site. The forms used in a precast plant can be reused hundreds to thousands of times before they have to be replaced, often making it cheaper than onsite casting in terms of cost per unit of formwork.
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durability, ease, cost effectiveness, and sustainable properties of these products have brought a revolutionary shift in the time consumed in construction of any structure. Construction industry is a huge energy consuming industry, and precast concrete products are and will continue to be more energy efficient than its counterparts. The wide range of designs, colours, and structural options that these products provide is also making it a favourable choice for its consumers.
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heating components have been cast into the panels to reduce on-site construction time. The carpenters, electricians and plumbers do need to make some slight adjustments when first becoming familiar with some of the unique aspects of the wall panels. However, they still perform most of their job duties in the manner to which they are accustomed.
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electrical, water, and fiber utilities preinstalled into the building panels. The panels were transported over 800 miles to the Bakken oilfields, and the commercial building was assembled by three workers in minimal time. The building houses over 40,000 square feet of shops and offices. Virtually the entire building was fabricated in
Minnesota.
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finished using the same prime and paint procedure as is common for conventional drywall construction. If desired, the concrete can be given an architectural finish, where the concrete itself is colored and/or textured. Colors and textures can provide the appearance of brick, stone, wood, or other patterns through the use of reusable
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thermal expansion problem.The best thermal performance is achieved when the insulation is continuous throughout the wall section, i.e., the wythes are thermally separated completely to the ends of the panel. Using continuous insulation and modern composite connection systems, R-values up to R-28.2 can be achieved.
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The fabrication process for precast concrete sandwich wall panels allows them to be produced with finished surfaces on both sides. Such finishes can be very smooth, with the surfaces painted, stained, or left natural; for interior surfaces, the finish is comparable to drywall in smoothness and can be
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are commonly constructed using precast concrete. The constructions involve putting together precast parking parts which are multi-storey structural wall panels, interior and exterior columns, structural floors, girders, wall panels, stairs, and slabs. These parts can be large; for example, double-tee
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Precast concrete is employed in both interior and exterior applications, from highway, bridge, and high-rise projects to parking structures, K-12 schools, warehouses, mixed-use, and industrial building construction. By producing precast concrete in a controlled environment (typically referred to as a
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Precast concrete molds can be made of timber, steel, plastic, rubber, fiberglass, or other synthetic materials, with each giving a unique finish. In addition, many surface finishes for the four precast wall panel types – sandwich, plastered sandwich, inner layer and cladding panels – are available,
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is the most common form of concrete reinforcement. It is typically made from steel, manufactured with ribbing to bond with concrete as it cures. Rebar is versatile enough to be bent or assembled to support the shape of any concrete structure. Carbon steel is the most common rebar material. However,
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Window and door openings are cast into the walls at the manufacturing plant as part of the fabrication process. In many applications, electrical and telecommunications conduit and boxes are cast directly into the panels in the specified locations. In some applications, utilities, plumbing and even
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of reinforced concrete separated by an interior void, held together with embedded steel trusses. With recent concerns about energy use, it is recognized that using steel trusses creates a "thermal bridge" that degrades thermal performance. Also, since steel does not have the same thermal expansion
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Prestressing is a technique of introducing stresses into a structural member during fabrication and/or construction to improve its strength and performance. This technique is often employed in concrete beams, columns, spandrels, single and double tees, wall panels, segmental bridge units, bulb-tee
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Precast concrete building components and site amenities are used architecturally as fireplace mantels, cladding, trim products, accessories and curtain walls. Structural applications of precast concrete include foundations, beams, floors, walls and other structural components. It is essential that
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Beyond cladding panels and structural elements, entire buildings can be assembled from precast concrete. Precast assembly enables fast completion of commercial shops and offices with minimal labor. For example, the Jim
Bridger Building in Williston, North Dakota, was precast in Minnesota with air,
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To achieve better thermal performance, insulation was added in the void, and in many applications today the steel trusses have been replaced by composite (fibreglass, plastic, etc.) connection systems. These systems, which are specially developed for this purpose, also eliminate the differential
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with steel improves strength and durability. On its own, concrete has good compressive strength, but lacks tension and shear strength and can be subject to cracking when bearing loads for long periods of time. Steel offers high tension and shear strength to make up for what concrete lacks. Steel
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In the US, precast concrete has evolved as two sub-industries, each represented by a major association. The precast concrete structures industry, represented primarily by of the
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI), focuses on prestressed concrete elements and on other precast concrete
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insulating foam. The interior and exterior wythes of concrete are held together (through the insulation) with some form of connecting system that is able to provide the needed structural integrity. Sandwich wall panels can be fabricated to the length and width desired, within practical limits
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The precast concrete industry is largely dominated by
Government initiated projects for infrastructural development. However, these are also being extensively used for residential (low and high rise) and commercial constructions because of their various favourable attributes. The efficiency,
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Precast concrete sandwich wall panels have been used on virtually every type of building, including schools, office buildings, apartment buildings, townhouses, condominiums, hotels, motels, dormitories, and single-family homes. Although typically considered part of a building's enclosure or
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elements used in above-ground structures such as buildings, parking structures, and bridges, while the precast concrete products industry produces utility, underground, and other non-prestressed products, and is represented primarily by the
National Precast Concrete Association (NPCA).
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The overall thickness of sandwich wall panels in commercial applications is typically 8 inches, but their designs are often customized to the application. In a typical 8-inch wall panel the concrete wythes are each 2-3/8 inches thick), sandwiching 3-1/4 inches of high
482:, floating docks, underwater infrastructure, decking, railings, and a host of amenities are among the uses of precast along the waterfront. When designed with heavy weight in mind, precast products counteract the buoyant forces of water significantly better than most materials.
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panels are widely used in the UK for a variety of applications including agricultural buildings, grain stores, silage clamps, slurry stores, livestock walling and general retaining walls. Panels can be used horizontally and placed either inside the webbings of RSJs
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In addition to the good insulation properties, sandwich panels require fewer work phases to complete. Compared to double-walls, for example, which have to be insulated and filled with concrete on site, sandwich panels require much less labor and scaffolding.
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Sanitary and stormwater management products are structures designed for underground installation that have been specifically engineered for the treatment and removal of pollutants from sanitary and stormwater run-off. These precast concrete products include
410:, tunnel segments, concrete barriers, TVCBs, central reservation barriers, bollards, and other transportation products. Precast concrete can also be used to make underpasses, surface crossings, and pedestrian subways. Precast concrete is also used for the
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Storage of hazardous material, whether short-term or long-term, is an increasingly important environmental issue, calling for containers that not only seal in the materials, but are strong enough to stand up to natural disasters or terrorist attacks.
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Many state and federal transportation projects in the United States require precast concrete suppliers to be certified by either the
Architectural Precast Association, National Precast Concrete Association or Precast Prestressed Concrete Institute.
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For communications, electrical, gas or steam systems, precast concrete utility structures protect the vital connections and controls for utility distribution. Precast concrete is nontoxic and environmentally safe. Products include: hand holes,
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Since precast concrete products can withstand the most extreme weather conditions and will hold up for many decades of constant usage they have wide applications in agriculture. These include bunker silos, cattle feed bunks,
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The following is a sampling of the numerous products that utilize precast/prestressed concrete. While this is not a complete list, the majority of precast/prestressed products typically fall under one or
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Precast water and wastewater products hold or contain water, oil or other liquids for the purpose of further processing into non-contaminating liquids and soil products. Products include:
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dictated by the fabrication system, the stresses of lifting and handling, and shipping constraints. Panels of 9-foot clear height are common, but heights up to 12 feet can be found.
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Precast concrete transportation products are used in the construction, safety, and site protection of roads, airports, and railroad transportation systems. Products include: box
160:, and tunnels. Modern uses for pre-cast technology include a variety of architectural and structural applications – including individual parts, or even entire building systems.
558:"envelope," they can be designed to also serve as part of the building's structural system, eliminating the need for beams and columns on the building perimeter. Besides their
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followed in 1906. The idea was not taken up extensively in
Britain. However, it was adopted all over the world, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe as well as in
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girders, I-beam girders, and others. Many projects find that prestressed concrete provides the lowest overall cost, considering production and lifetime maintenance.
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products, light pole bases, meter boxes, panel vaults, pull boxes, telecommunications structures, transformer pads, transformer vaults, trenches, utility buildings,
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Interior view of the walls, supports, and roof of a precast commercial shop in
Williston, North Dakota, US. Utilities are preassembled into the precast components.
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coefficient as concrete, as the wall heats and cools any steel that is not embedded in the concrete can create thermal stresses that cause cracking and spalling.
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each structural component be designed and tested to withstand both the tensile and compressive loads that the member will be subjected to over its lifespan.
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An example of low-quality precast concrete with exposed dowels, connectors, indications of cracks, and malformations, even during its installation, Barangay
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and aesthetic versatility, they also provide excellent noise attenuation, outstanding durability (resistant to rot, mold, etc.), and rapid construction.
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is available in a rainbow of colors, shapes, sizes, and textures. These versatile precast concrete pieces can be designed to mimic brick, stone or wood.
144:. Color may be added to the concrete mix, and the proportions and size aggregate also affect the appearance and texture of finished concrete surfaces.
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or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and maneuvered into place; examples include precast
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made extensive use of precast concrete construction for its stations and similar buildings. Between 1917 and 1932, it erected 145 such buildings.
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Precast concrete forming systems for architectural applications differ in size, function, and cost. Precast architectural panels are also used to
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behaves similarly to concrete in changing environments, which means it will shrink and expand with concrete, helping avoid cracking.
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Precast concrete is employed in a wide range of engineered earth retaining systems. Products include commercial and residential
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The precast concrete double-wall panel has been in use in Europe for decades. The original double-wall design consisted of two
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253:) or in front of them. Alternatively panels can be cast into a concrete foundation and used as a cantilever retaining wall.
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Underground vaults or mausoleums require watertight structures that withstand natural forces for extended periods of time.
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Allen, EA. (2009). Fundamentals of building construction materials and methods. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Ancient Roman builders made use of concrete and soon poured the material into moulds to build their complex network of
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structural elements. Stormwater drainage, water and sewage pipes, and tunnels also make use of precast concrete units.
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cores are now in precast concrete panels for structural use, making them lighter and serving as thermal insulation.
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Prefabricated and
Modular Architecture: Aligning Design with Manufacture and Assembly
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structural floors. The two gray circles are covers to close the lifting anchor holes.
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foam is being used as the cores of precast wall panels, saving weight and increasing
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stainless steel, galvanized steel, and epoxy coatings can prevent corrosion.
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Habibullah
Sharifi, Sayed Hafiz Sadat, Zhaoxu Wang, Yuanzhen Liu (2021).
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structural floor modules need to be lifted into place with the help of
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Precast parking structure showing an interior column, girders, and
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used in the mixture, so the result approaches the natural product.
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In the modern world, precast panelled buildings were pioneered in
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Precast concrete sandwich wall (or insulated double-wall) panels
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932:"Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Precast Concrete Bridge Projects"
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for bridges, highways, and parking structure decks – can be
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including those creating the looks of horizontal boards and
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monthly, February 1919, page 39, Scanned by Google Books:
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A retaining wall made of modular precast concrete blocks
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A precast concrete hazardous material storage container
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is poured into site-specific forms and cured on site.
884:"NPCA - Precast Products - Stormwater Management FAQ"
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Precast Concrete Station Buildings in New South Wales
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is distinguished from precast concrete by the finer
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734:"Precast concrete facades bring buildings to life"
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1578:International Federation for Structural Concrete
700:"Precast concrete - Future of next Generation"
124:or erect free-standing walls for landscaping,
67:is a construction product produced by casting
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960:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
751:Hogan-O'Neill, William (22 February 2021).
383:Transportation and traffic-related products
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815:"reinforced concrete | building material"
630:Learn how and when to remove this message
317:panels, and other modular block systems.
596:The examples and perspective in this US
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287:precast concrete lifting anchor systems
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845:. High Concrete Group. Archived from
614:, or create a new US, as appropriate.
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1141:Ground granulated blast-furnace slag
781:. Mersey-gateway.org. Archived from
367:, distribution boxes, dosing tanks,
1558:Institution of Structural Engineers
196:New South Wales Government Railways
757:. The Crowood Press. p. 313.
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936:North American Academic Research
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466:A precast concrete armour unit (
175:. The tram stables at Walton in
991:A Comfortable House for $ 1,000
942:(4, April 2021): 4(4) 138–147.
454:Hazardous materials containment
40:walled house under construction
1056:Roman architectural revolution
840:"High Precast Parking Systems"
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359:Water and wastewater products
315:mechanically stabilized earth
1573:Portland Cement Association
1548:American Concrete Institute
610:, discuss the issue on the
328:stormwater detention vaults
257:Building and site amenities
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1051:Ancient Roman architecture
901:Paradigm concrete Services
802:Australian Railway History
120:all or part of a building
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1563:Indian Concrete Institute
553:Applications and benefits
913:"Let's grab a sandwich!"
819:Encyclopædia Britannica
570:Precast Concrete Market
321:Sanitary and stormwater
1341:Alkali–silica reaction
1099:Energetically modified
948:10.5281/zenodo.4699431
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173:John Alexander Brodie
86:Recently lightweight
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52:, Cavite, Philippines
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27:Construction material
1674:Building engineering
1326:Environmental impact
1184:Reversing drum mixer
987:at Wikimedia Commons
664:Prestressed concrete
598:may not represent a
491:Prestressed concrete
433:Specialized products
276:Expanded polystyrene
246:Prestressed concrete
88:expanded polystyrene
785:on 13 October 2007.
416:rubber-tyred metros
373:grease interceptors
1429:Self-consolidating
1121:Water–cement ratio
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206:Reinforcement
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126:soundproofing
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98:Precast stone
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46:
39:
34:
30:
19:
1517:Step barrier
1478:Applications
1389:Nanoconcrete
1275:Power trowel
1260:Power screed
1250:Slip forming
1229:
1223:Construction
990:
956:cite journal
939:
935:
925:
916:
907:
896:
888:the original
878:
854:. Retrieved
847:the original
834:
822:. Retrieved
818:
809:
796:
795:
791:
783:the original
773:
753:
746:
737:
728:
719:
707:. Retrieved
703:
694:
641:
626:
620:January 2022
617:
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508:
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397:
377:septic tanks
362:
345:
332:catch basins
324:
304:
280:
272:
238:
229:
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210:Reinforcing
209:
200:
189:
185:
162:
151:
142:ashlar stone
138:
115:
111:
97:
96:
85:
64:
63:
29:
1495:hollow-core
1454:Waste light
1449:Translucent
1409:Prestressed
1336:Segregation
1321:Degradation
1209:Cover meter
1146:Silica fume
1081:Composition
579:Regulations
518:Development
406:/barriers,
404:sound walls
349:hollow-core
242:cattle grid
134:prestressed
1658:Categories
1594:Eurocode 2
1532:Structures
1419:Reinforced
1379:Lunarcrete
1359:AstroCrete
1316:Durability
1311:Properties
1189:Slump test
1161:Production
1151:Metakaolin
686:References
543:formliners
486:Structures
267:double-tee
36:A precast
1625:Hempcrete
1587:Standards
1414:Ready-mix
1331:Recycling
1126:Aggregate
1109:Rosendale
612:talk page
468:Accropode
412:roll ways
369:dry wells
311:sea walls
192:Australia
177:Liverpool
165:Liverpool
154:aqueducts
102:aggregate
1664:Concrete
1618:See also
1609:EN 10080
1604:EN 206-1
1599:EN 197-1
1458:Aerated
1399:Polished
1394:Pervious
1369:Filigree
1265:Finisher
1240:Formwork
1104:Portland
1035:Concrete
669:Roll way
647:See also
606:You may
480:Seawalls
414:of some
400:culverts
336:manholes
226:Products
212:concrete
158:culverts
108:Overview
69:concrete
38:concrete
1568:Nanocem
1527:Columns
1404:Polymer
1304:Science
1270:Grinder
1230:Precast
1136:Fly ash
1043:History
709:4 March
704:Precast
679:Tilt up
534:R-value
393:culvert
169:England
148:History
18:Precast
1490:waffle
1439:Sulfur
1295:Tremie
1290:Sealer
1255:Screed
1199:Curing
1089:Cement
856:3 June
824:24 May
761:
511:wythes
505:Origin
334:, and
251:I-beam
194:, The
122:facade
1679:Reuse
1522:Roads
1444:Tabby
1351:Types
1285:Float
1214:Rebar
1169:Plant
1116:Water
850:(PDF)
843:(PDF)
219:Rebar
130:beams
77:beams
1485:Slab
1467:RAAC
1384:Mass
1374:Foam
1280:Pump
962:link
858:2014
826:2016
759:ISBN
711:2022
118:clad
73:mold
1462:AAC
944:doi
190:In
1660::
993:,
958:}}
954:{{
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915:.
866:^
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940:4
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860:.
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767:.
740:.
713:.
633:)
627:(
622:)
618:(
604:.
470:)
249:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
