425:. However, due to delays, and the fact that solar arrays were planned for other parts of Mir, a solar array was not included in the launch configuration. Instead, during free flight, Priroda was powered by two redundant sets of batteries totaling 168. Priroda had an unpressurized instrument compartment and a habitable instrument/payload compartment. The unpressurized compartment contained propulsion system components, EVA handrails, and scientific equipment. The instrument/payload compartment was divided into two sections: an outer instrument section and an inner habitation and work compartment. Experiments on Priroda were provided by twelve different nations. These experiments covered microwave, visible, near infrared, and infrared spectral regions using both passive and active sounding methods.
511:, an electrical connector failure caused the amount of power available on Priroda to be cut in half. Due to the electrical problem, Priroda would only have one attempt at docking before power would be lost. This caused some concern for ground controllers because most other modules failed to dock on their first attempt. However, Priroda docked with no problems on April 26. After being moved to its permanent location at the +Z docking port on the base block, Priroda was connected to the rest of the station's electrical system, which allowed it to run off power from solar arrays on other modules. The crew on board then removed the batteries from Priroda and stored them in
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MOMS 02P Earth imager - 4 channels between 0.440-0.810 micrometer. Multi spectral, stereo or high resolution data, 6 km resolution. German instrument, initially flown aboard
Spacelab D2 on Shuttle.
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Ikar Delta scanning microwave radiometer system - scanned 40° off track with a 400 km swath. 4.0, 0.3, 0.8, 1.35 cm wavelengths, resolution 8 – 50 km and 0.15 - 0.5
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MOS-Obzor spectrometer - measured aerosol profile and ocean reflectance. 17 channels between 0.750-1.01 micrometer, 80 km swath, 700 m resolution
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MSU-E2 high resolution optical scanner - 10 m resolution, 3 channels between 0.5 and 0.9 micrometer, nadir viewing, 2 x 24.5 km swaths
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Ikar N nadir microwave radiometers - 0.3, 0.8, 1.35, 2.25, 6.0 cm wavelengths, 60 km swath, resolution 60 km and 0.15 K
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Priroda, along with the other Mir components, were destroyed when the Mir station was de-orbited in March 2001, entering the Earth's
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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Ozon M spectrometer - used for ozone/aerosol profiles. 160 channels between 0.257-1.155 micrometer, 1 km altitude resolution
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Alissa lidar - measured cloud height, structure, optical properties. 150 m vertical resolution, 1 km horizontal resolution
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Ikar P panoramic microwave radiometers - 2.25, 6.0 cm wavelengths, 750 km swath, resolution 75 km and 0.15 K
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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Istok 1 IR spectroradiometer - wavelengths between 4.0-16.0 micrometer, 7 km swath, 0.7 x 2.8 km resolution
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in 2000, power loads were reportedly so high that the crew was not able to activate any of
Priroda's payloads.
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Synthetic Aperture Radar - 1.28/3.28 GHz, 50 km swath, 38° look angle, 50 m resolution.
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and to develop and verify remote sensing methods. The control system of
Priroda was developed by the
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Greben ocean altimeter - 10 cm resolution, 13.76 GHz, 2.5 km swath, nadir viewing
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389:) (TsM-I, 77KSI, 11F77I) module was the seventh and final module of the
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DOPI interferometer - studies gases and aerosols. 2.4-20 micrometer
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Centaur 400 MHz receiver - used to gather ocean buoy data
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Krivonosov, Khartron: Computers for rocket guidance systems
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Priroda was originally designed to carry a deployable
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Closeup of the
Travers antenna taken by the crew of
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78:For the Croatian popular science journal, see
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503:Priroda was launched on April 23, 1996, on a
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393:. Its primary purpose was to conduct Earth
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66:Learn how and when to remove this message
29:This article includes a list of general
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595:Gunter's Space Page - information on
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851:List of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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769:Mir Environmental Effects Payload
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518:During the last expedition to
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515:for a destructive re-entry.
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1016:Functional Cargo Block
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103:from the departing
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138:Station statistics
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507:. After reaching
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1672:
1597:
1584:Molniya 1-79
1506:
1499:
1495:Intelsat 709
1475:
1434:
1413:
1347:
1309:
1295:Intelsat 707
1261:
1254:
1245:Gonets-D1 #3
1241:Gonets-D1 #2
1237:Gonets-D1 #1
1214:Intelsat 708
1212:
1155:
1081:
1073:
1065:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1028:
817:
761:
748:
740:
722:
721:
709:
682:
675:
667:
645:
551:
524:
517:
502:
479:
435:
420:
385:
372:
370:
358:
265:Pressurised
197:
196:Docked with
182:
127:
108:
100:
86:
62:
56:January 2009
53:
34:
1802:Kosmos 2336
1792:Kosmos 2335
1755:ORFEUS-SPAS
1663:EchoStar II
1644:Kosmos 2334
1639:Kosmos 2333
1599:Soyuz TM-24
1441:SPARTAN-207
1358:Kosmos 2332
1300:Kosmos 2331
1256:Soyuz TM-23
1233:Kosmos 2330
1229:Kosmos 2329
1225:Kosmos 2328
1182:Kosmos 2327
1162:SPARTAN-206
1002:Kosmos 1100
951:Kosmos 1686
945:Kosmos 1443
939:Kosmos 1267
662:Core module
423:solar array
417:Description
383:; English:
260:4.35 metres
48:introducing
1839:Categories
1812:Bion No.11
1766:Hot Bird 2
1731:Arabsat 2B
1680:Ekspress-6
1615:Interbol 2
1605:Chinasat-7
1575:Télécom 2D
1544:Türksat 1C
1540:Arabsat 2A
1489:Cluster F4
1485:Cluster F3
1481:Cluster F2
1477:Cluster F1
1415:Kometa #18
1250:Gran' #44L
1177:Koreasat 2
993:Kosmos 997
979:Kosmos 881
933:Kosmos 929
794:VBK-Raduga
764:satellites
544:References
527:atmosphere
337:1,793 days
252:9.7 metres
220:Kazakhstan
206:Launch pad
99:A view of
31:references
1786:Sojourner
1648:UNAMSAT-2
1632:September
1579:Italsat 2
1535:Apstar 1A
1421:Palapa C2
1203:Palapa C1
820:programme
178:Call sign
150:1996-023A
144:COSPAR ID
109:Endeavour
1775:December
1735:MEASAT-2
1710:November
1619:Maigon 5
1455:Galaxy 9
1449:PAMS-STU
1368:BeppoSAX
1338:Astra 1F
1208:N-STAR b
1196:February
1172:MEASAT-1
1045:Kristall
816:Shuttle-
790:Progress
684:Kristall
604:web page
403:Khartron
395:resource
257:Diameter
211:LC-81/23
132:insignia
1807:USA-129
1740:Mars 96
1689:October
1668:USA-128
1554:USA-127
1549:USA-126
1530:USA-125
1525:TOMS-EP
1508:Kobal't
1409:USA-124
1405:USA-123
1401:USA-122
1397:USA-121
1393:USA-120
1389:USA-119
1363:USA-118
1348:Priroda
1317:USA-117
1149:January
1059:Priroda
988:VA #009
953:(TKS-4)
947:(TKS-3)
941:(TKS-2)
935:(TKS-1)
830:MirCorp
756:APAS-89
723:Priroda
608:Priroda
602:Priroda
597:Priroda
411:Ukraine
407:Kharkov
381:Природа
377:Russian
373:Priroda
359:Priroda
320:minutes
307:degrees
241:19,700
227:Reentry
158:SATCAT
112:during
101:Priroda
87:Priroda
44:improve
1746:STS-80
1696:FSW-17
1674:STS-79
1623:Victor
1593:Fuji 2
1589:Midori
1568:August
1501:STS-78
1436:STS-77
1430:MSTI-3
1425:Amos-1
1343:MSAT-1
1311:STS-76
1305:IRS-P3
1290:REX II
1268:TSS-1R
1263:STS-75
1168:PAS-3R
1157:STS-72
1141:1997 →
1126:← 1995
1082:Polyus
1052:Spektr
1004:&
995:&
981:&
749:Strela
741:Lyappa
711:Spektr
538:STS-91
493:STS-79
386:Nature
267:volume
249:Length
190:Launch
114:STS-89
33:, but
1721:SAC-B
1326:April
1283:March
1274:Polar
1074:Nauka
1067:Zarya
1064:ISS:
1037:Kvant
1029:Kvant
1026:Mir:
1018:(FGB)
785:Soyuz
751:crane
676:Kvant
668:Kvant
509:orbit
329:16.16
318:89.1
305:51.6
165:23848
1717:HETE
1658:GE-1
1610:FAST
1518:July
1469:June
1134:1996
1006:1101
762:Luch
371:The
271:66 m
237:Mass
1845:Mir
1751:WSF
1445:IAE
1377:May
1353:MSX
997:998
983:882
818:Mir
743:arm
647:Mir
520:Mir
413:).
283:nmi
198:Mir
183:Mir
160:no.
129:Mir
1841::
1753:,
1733:,
1719:,
1646:,
1621:,
1617:,
1591:,
1577:,
1542:,
1487:,
1483:,
1479:,
1447:,
1443:,
1423:,
1407:,
1403:,
1399:,
1395:,
1391:,
1243:,
1239:,
1235:,
1231:,
1227:,
1170:,
1039:-2
1031:-1
678:-2
670:-1
529:.
409:,
379::
243:kg
213:,
1788:)
1784:(
1757:)
1749:(
1451:)
1439:(
1270:)
1266:(
1164:)
1160:(
1117:e
1110:t
1103:v
900:e
893:t
886:v
796:)
792:(
637:e
630:t
623:v
457:K
405:(
375:(
285:)
217:,
82:.
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
40:.
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