Multiple birth - Knowledge (XXG)

1249:(IVF) was first successfully completed in the 1970s as a form of assisted reproductive technology. Out of all the assisted reproductive technology available that is currently in practice, in vitro fertilization has the highest chance of producing multiple offspring. Per each female egg, IVF currently has a 60–70% chance of conceiving. Fertilization is made possible by administering a fertility drug to the eggs or by directly injecting semen into the eggs. There is an increased chance for women over the age of 35 to have multiple births. IVF is a common genetic and ethical topic. Through IVF individuals can produce offspring successfully when natural procreation is not viable. However, in vitro can become genetically specific and allow for the selection of particular genes or expressible traits to be dominantly present in the formed embryo. Ethical dilemmas arise when determining health care coverage and the deviation from natural selection and gene variations. In regards to multiple births different ethical concerns arise from the use of in vitro fertilization. Overall, multiple pregnancies can cause potential harm to the mother and children due to potential complications. Such complications can include uterine bleeding and children not receiving equal nutrients. IVF has also revealed some pre term deliveries and lower birth weights in babies. While some view medically assisted procreation as a saving grace to have children, others consider these procedure to be unnatural and costly to the community. 1151: 157: 849:

quintuplets, 17 sets of quadruplets, and 228 sets of triplets. By doing this study, Hammond found that the mean gestational age (how many weeks when birthed) at birth was 33.4 weeks for triplets and 31 weeks for quadruplets. This shows that stillbirth happens usually 3–5 weeks before the woman reaches full term and also that for sextuplets or higher it almost always ends in death of the fetuses. Though multiples are at a greater risk of being stillborn, there is inconclusive evidence whether the actual mortality rate is higher in multiples than in singletons.

1082: 2799: 2751: 1061:(twins that form after the splitting of a fertilised egg and share the same amniotic fluid sac) are at more risk of complications than twins that have their own sacs. There is also insufficient evidence around whether to deliver the babies early by caesarean section or to wait for labour to start naturally while running checks on the babies' wellbeing. The birth of this type of twins should therefore be decided with the mother and her family and should take into account the need for good neonatal care services. 869:(IVF), 34% were successfully delivered pregnancies. The overall multiple pregnancy rate was 31.3% (24.7% twins, 5.8% triplets, and .08% quadruplets). Because IVFs are producing more multiples, a number of efforts are being made to reduce the risk of multiple births- specifically triplets or more. Medical practitioners are doing this by limiting the number of embryos per embryo transfer to one or two. That way, the risks for the mother and fetuses are decreased. 524: 3755: 4898: 1225:, a woman cites a multiple birth (often to a lower-class woman) as proof of adultery on her part; while this may reflect a widespread belief, it is invariably treated as malicious slander, to be justly punished by the accuser having a multiple birth of her own, and the events of the romance are triggered by her attempt to hide one or more of the children. A similar effect occurs in the 265:) is 38 weeks with a single fetus. This average decreases for each additional fetus: to 36 weeks for twin births, 32 weeks for triplets, and 30 weeks for quadruplets. With the decreasing gestation time, the risks from immaturity at birth and subsequent viability increase with the size of the sibling group. Only as of the twentieth century have more than four all survived infancy. 4922: 388: 314: 4910: 1010:

babies than 'normal' antenatal care. Women with a multiple pregnancy are also encouraged after 24 weeks to be on bed rest. This recommendation is not a requirement for women with a multiple pregnancy, but it has been used as a method to prevent complications. Some doctors may prescribe this method to be on the safe side and if they believe it is necessary.

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terminated. A polar opposite viewpoint advocates for the right of choice, that being the choice to terminate a pregnancy due to desire or pregnancy risks. Overall, most multifetal pregnancy reductions that occur as a result of ART are being done for the protection of the child-bearer's health and to maximize the health of the remaining fetuses.

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Multiples are also known to have a higher mortality rate. It is more common for multiple births to be stillborn, while for singletons the risk is not as high. A literary review on multiple pregnancies shows a study done on one set each of septuplets and octuplets, two sets of sextuplets, 8 sets of

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The increasing use of fertility drugs and consequent increased rate of multiple births has made the phenomenon of multiples more frequent and hence more visible. In 2004 the birth of sextuplets, six children, to Pennsylvania couple Kate and Jon Gosselin helped them to launch their television series,

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Identical triplets or quadruplets are very rare and result when the original fertilized egg splits and then one of the resultant cells splits again (for triplets) or, even more rarely, a further split occurs (for quadruplets). The odds of having identical triplets is unclear. News articles and other

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in reduction of fetus versus fetus life. The protection of maternal well being versus harm of newly formed fetal life is an extension of the aforementioned ethical question. It can be viewed that all life is important and that no life should be terminated without consent from the life that is being

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Multiple-birth infants are usually admitted to neonatal intensive care or a special care nursery in the hospital immediately after being born. The records for all the triplet pregnancies managed and delivered from 1992 to 1996 were looked over to see what the neonatal statistics were. Kaufman found

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As preterm birth is such a risk for women with multiple pregnancies, it has been suggested that these women should be encouraged to follow a high-calorie diet to increase the birth weights of the babies. Evidence around this subject is not yet good enough to advise women to do this because the long

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Drugs known as betamimetics can be used to relax the muscles of the uterus and delay birth in singleton pregnancies. There is some evidence that these drugs can also reduce the risk of preterm birth for twin pregnancies, but existing studies are small. More data is required before solid conclusions

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The number of multiple births has increased since the late 1970s. For example, in Canada between 1979 and 1999, the number of multiple birth babies increased 35%. Before the advent of ovulation-stimulating drugs, triplets were quite rare (approximately 1 in 8000 births) and higher-order births much

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Triplets can be either fraternal, identical, or a combination of both. The most common are strictly fraternal triplets, which come from a polyzygotic pregnancy of three eggs. Less common are triplets from a dizygotic pregnancy, where one zygote divides into two identical fetuses, and the other does

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report more than 132,000 sets of twins out of 3.9 million births of all kinds each year, about 3.4%, or 1 in 30. Compared to other multiple births, twin births account for 97% of them in the US. Without fertility treatments, the probability is about 1 in 60; with fertility treatments, it can be as

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Fetal position (the way the babies are lying in the womb) usually determines if they are delivered by caesarean section or vaginally. A review of good quality research on this subject found that if the twin that will be born first (i.e. is lowest in the womb) is head down there is no good evidence

364:. There are around 70 sets of all-identical quadruplets worldwide. Many sets of quadruplets contain a mixture of identical and fraternal siblings, such as three identical and one fraternal, two identical and two fraternal, or two pairs of identicals. One famous set of identical quadruplets was the 1009:

Women with a multiple pregnancy are usually seen more regularly by midwives or doctors than those with singleton pregnancies because of the higher risks of complications. However, there is currently no evidence to suggest that specialised antenatal services produce better outcomes for mother or

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usually occurs for pregnancies assisted by assisted reproductive technology (ART). The first multifetal pregnancy reductions to occur in a clinical setting took place in the 1980s. The procedure aims to reduce pregnancies down to approximately one to two fetuses. The overarching purpose of the

759:, Canada. Their combined weight was 17 lbs, 2.7 oz, which set a world record. Two of the triplets were similar in size and, as expected, moderately low birth weight. The two combined weighed 9 lbs, 2.7 oz. The third triplet, however, was much larger and weighed 8 lbs. individually. 295:

Dizygotic (fraternal) twins can be caused by a hyperovulation gene in the mother. Although the father's genes do not influence the woman's chances of having twins, he could influence his children's chances of having twins by passing on a copy of the hyperovulation gene to them.

1051:. In comparison, it has been estimated that 75% of twin pregnancies in the United States were delivered by Cesarean section in 2008. Also in comparison, the rate of Cesarean section for all pregnancies in the general population varies between 40% and 14%. 336:

not. Least common are identical triplets, three fetuses from one egg. In this case, sometimes the original zygote divides into two and then one of those two zygotes divides again but the other does not, or the original zygote divides into three.

344:, only about 10% of these are identical triplets: about 1 in ten thousand. Nevertheless, only 4 sets of identical triplets were reported in the U.S. during 2015, about one in a million. According to Victor Khouzami, Chairman of Obstetrics at 3685: 1398: 4764: 872:

The appropriate number of embryos to be transferred depends on the age of the woman, whether it is the first, second or third full IVF cycle attempt and whether there are top-quality embryos available. According to a guideline from The

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Kwok, Man Ki; Yeung, Shiu Lun Au; Leung, Gabriel M.; Mary Schooling, C. (2016-03-01). "Birth weight and adult cardiovascular risk factors using multiple birth status as an instrumental variable in the 1958 British Birth Cohort".

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Triplets are far less common than twins, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, accounting for only about 4,300 sets in 3.9 million births, just a little more than .1%, or 1 in 1,000. According to the

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Porta, Roser; Capdevila, Eva; Botet, Francesc; Verd, Sergi; Ginovart, Gemma; Moliner, Elisenda; Nicolàs, Marta; Rios, Jose (2017-09-22). "Morbidity and mortality of very low birth weight multiples compared with singletons".

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procedure is not primarily to simply terminate life, but to increase the survival and success of the mother and babies. However, multifetal pregnancy reduction raises some ethical questions. The main argument is similar to

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Recent history has also seen increasing numbers of multiple births. In the United States, it has been estimated that by 2011, 36% of twin births, and 78% of triplet and higher-order births resulted from conception by

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themselves from a multiple birth may be referred to as monozygotic if they are identical or as dizygotic (in cases of twins) or polyzygotic (for three or more siblings) if they are fraternal, i.e., non-identical.

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Selective reduction was developed in the mid-1980s, as people in the field of assisted reproductive technology became aware of the risks that multiple pregnancies carried for the mother and for the fetuses.

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from reviewing these files that during a five-year period, 55 triplet pregnancies (i.e. 165 babies) were delivered. Of the 165 babies 149 were admitted to neonatal intensive care after the delivery.

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Mirsky, A. F.; Delisi, L. E.; Buchsbaum, M. S.; Quinn, O. W.; Schwerdt, P.; Siever, L. J.; Mann, L.; Weingartner, H.; Zec, R.; Sostek, A. (1984). "The Genain Quadruplets: Psychological studies".

88:, or it may be the result of the fertilization of multiple eggs that create fraternal ("non-identical") fetuses, or it may be a combination of these factors. A multiple pregnancy from a single 4769: 406:, born in 1934. Quintuplets are sometimes referred to as "quins" in the UK and "quints" in North America. A famous set of all-girl quintuplets are the Busby quints from the TV series 1150: 985:

is injected into the heart of each selected fetus under the guidance of ultrasound imaging. Risks of the procedure include bleeding requiring transfusion, rupture of the uterus,

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Quadruplets are much rarer than twins or triplets. As of 2007, there were approximately 3,556 sets recorded worldwide. Quadruplet births are becoming increasingly common due to

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Beemsterboer SN, Homburg R, Gorter NA, Schats R, Hompes PG, Lambalk CB (2006). "The paradox of declining fertility but increasing twinning rates with advancing maternal age".

1047:, as compared with planned vaginal delivery. In this study, 44% of the women planned for vaginal delivery still ended up having Cesarean section for unplanned reasons such as 2592:

Elsner CW, Tucker MJ, Sweitzer CL, Brockman WD, Morton PC, Wright G, Toledo AA (1997). "Multiple pregnancy rate and embryo number transferred during in vitro fertilization".

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romance, in the Beatrix variants of the Swan-Children; her taunt is punished by giving birth to seven children at once, and her wicked mother-in-law returns her taunt before

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Women conceiving multiples over the age of 35 increase the risk of having fetuses with certain conditions and complications that are not as common in women who are pregnant.

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For reasons that are not yet known, the older a woman is, the more likely she is to have a multiple birth naturally. It is theorized that this is due to the higher level of

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Monozygotic (identical) twins do not run in families. The twinning is random, due to the egg splitting, so all parents have an equal chance of conceiving identical twins.

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culture saw twins as a blessing, and was fascinated by the idea of two bodies looking alike. The Mayans used to believe that twins were one soul that had fragmented.

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than those from single pregnancies. 51% of twins and 91% of triplets are born preterm, compared to 9.4% in singletons. 14% of twins and 41% of triplets are even born

2841: 491:. In 2019, all 8 children celebrated their 10th birthday. Multiple births of as many as 9 babies have been born alive; In May 2021, the Cissé nonuplets were born in 981:

The procedure generally takes two days; the first day for testing in order to select which fetuses to remove, and the second day for the procedure itself, in which

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found that, in 2011, pregnant women covered by private insurance in the United States were older and more likely to have multiple gestation than women covered by

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Sigalos, George Α.; Triantafyllidou, Olga; Vlahos, Nikos F. (2016-09-15). "Novel embryo selection techniques to increase embryo implantation in IVF attempts".

77:, and multiple births may be more common than single births. Multiple births in humans are the exception and can be exceptionally rare in the largest mammals. 437:

were the world's first all-female surviving sextuplets, and the world's fourth known set of surviving sextuplets. Another well-known set of sextuplets is the

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material, as ordinary full siblings from separate births do. Fetuses resulting from the same zygote share 100% of their genetic material and hence are called

1485: 630:(several embryos are often transferred to compensate for lower quality) or fertility drugs (which can cause multiple eggs to mature in one ovulatory cycle). 5492: 3744: 2519:

Note: Study looked at the registered births of babies born with cerebral palsy during the periods of 1982-1989 in the counties of Merseyside and Cheshire.

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Alexander GR, Kogan M, Martin J, Papiernik E (March 1998). "What are the fetal growth patterns of singletons, twins, and triplets in the United States?".

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Premature birth is associated with a higher risk for a breadth of behavioral and socioemotional difficulties that begin in childhood and continue through

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Kaufman GE, Malone FD, Harvey-Wilkes KB, Chelmow D, Penzias AS, D'Alton ME (1998). "Neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with triplet pregnancy".

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Identical triplets like these three sisters occur when a single fertilized egg splits in two and then one of the resulting two zygotes splits again.

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Barrett JF, Hannah ME, Hutton EK, Willan AR, Allen AC, Armson BA, Gafni A, Joseph KS, Mason D, Ohlsson A, Ross S, Sanchez JJ, Asztalos EV (2013).

1143:) made the birth of twin boys a blessing, while twin girls were seen as an unlucky burden, since both would have to be provided with an expensive 4802: 2045: 4840: 2078: 622:

Human multiple births can occur either naturally (the woman ovulates multiple eggs or the fertilized egg splits into two) or as the result of

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North American dizygotic twinning occurs about once in 83 conceptions, and triplets about once in 8000 conceptions. US figures for 2010 were:

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Note: This study was done by looking at the 1991–1995 U.S. Natality Files, which were received from the National Center for Health Statistics

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is more common among multiple births than single births, being 2.3 per 1,000 survivors in singletons, 13 in twins, and 45 in triplets in

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Quintuplets occur naturally in 1 in 55,000,000 births. The first quintuplets known to survive infancy were the identical female Canadian

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Fraternal twins at two weeks old. The technical term for "fraternal" is "dizygotic" (twins) or "polyzygotic" (triplets or higher order).

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Fraternal twin sisters taking a nap. Nonidentical twins, the most common kind of multiple birth among humans, occur in about

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McCall, CA; Grimes, DA; Lyerly, AD (June 2013). ""Therapeutic" bed rest in pregnancy: unethical and unsupported by data".

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A study in 2013 involving 106 participating centers in 25 countries came to the conclusion that, in a twin pregnancy of a

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Cesarean delivery is needed when first twin is in non cephalic presentation or when it is a monoamniotic twin pregnancy.

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Wang, Hong-Mei; Li, Hong-Yan; Wang, Xie-Tong; Wang, Yan-Yun; Li, Lei; Liang, Bo; Wang, Jing; Song, Jia (December 2017).

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is the practice of reducing the number of fetuses in a multiple pregnancy; it is also called "multifetal reduction".

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Yamasmit, W; Chaithongwongwatthana, S; Tolosa, JE; Limpongsanurak, S; Pereira, L; Lumbiganon, P (8 December 2015).

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Rao, Radhika (August 2015). "Selective Reduction: "A Soft Cover for Hard Choices" or Another Name for Abortion?".

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Also, it is recommended to use single embryo transfer in all situations if a top-quality blastocyst is available.

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Terms used for the number of offspring in a multiple birth, where a number higher than three ends with the suffix

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Certain factors appear to increase the likelihood that a woman will naturally conceive multiples. These include:

993:. Each of these appears to be rare. There are also ethical concerns about this procedure, since it is a form of 483:, became the first septuplets known to survive infancy. The first surviving set of octuplets on record are the 5905: 5090: 4872: 4396: 4212: 4179: 4071: 3705: 2867: 2812: 2638: 1738: 1292: 31: 3594:"Radiofrequency ablation for selective reduction in complex monochorionic multiple pregnancies: A case series" 2890:"Specialised antenatal clinics for women with a multiple pregnancy for improving maternal and infant outcomes" 967:

has not been found to change outcomes and therefore is not generally recommended outside of a research study.

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rarer still. Much of the increase can probably be attributed to the impact of fertility treatments, such as

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Legendre, Claire-Marie; Moutel, Grégoire; Drouin, Régen; Favre, Romain; Bouffard, Chantal (2013).

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than singletons. Exceptions are possible, however, as with the Kupresak triplets, born in 2008 in

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In Iran, the Iranian government provides free housing to families that have birthed quintuplets.

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Terms used for multiple births or the genetic relationships of their offspring are based on the

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Multifetal pregnancy reduction is the reduction of one or more embryos from the bearing woman.

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non-scientific organizations give odds from one in 60,000 to one in 200 million pregnancies.

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Multiple pregnancies are also classified by how the fetuses are surrounded by one or more

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that older women sometimes have as their ovaries respond more slowly to FSH stimulation.

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Kulkarni AD, Jamieson DJ, Jones HW, Kissin DM, Gallo MF, Macaluso M, Adashi EY (2013).

767: 682: 3754: 3265: 2605: 1330:, a Disney Channel movie about a teenage girl becoming the older sister to quintuplets 5899: 5828: 5718: 5507: 5482: 5234: 5075: 4989: 4794: 4708: 4669: 4645: 4554: 4438: 4371: 4242: 4146: 4107: 3964: 3799: 2434: 2268: 2122: 1832: 1315: 1187: 809: 744: 438: 407: 369: 216:

Monozygotic – multiple (typically two) fetuses produced by the splitting of a single

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that caesarean section will be safer than a vaginal birth for the mother or babies.

660: 398:, seen in this 1947 photograph, were the first quintuplets known to survive infancy. 5864: 5444: 5397: 5345: 5303: 4623: 4618: 4359: 4259: 4204: 3932: 3811: 3806: 3220: 3168: 2998: 2905: 2688: 2408: 2359: 2310: 1904: 1399:"Multiple Pregnancy and Birth: Twins, Triplets, and High Order Multiples (booklet)" 1195: 825: 821: 654: 457: 246: 3503: 2011: 1566:"Is the probability of having twins determined by genetics?: MedlinePlus Genetics" 1296:, a 2023 non-fiction book about the Morlock girls, identical quadruplets born 1930 455:

have chronicled the lives of these sextuplets. Other shows of this nature include

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mother's age: women over 35 are more likely to have multiples than younger women

623: 451: 94: 3610: 3593: 3448: 3032:"A Randomized Trial of Planned Cesarean or Vaginal Delivery for Twin Pregnancy" 2782: 2765: 2393:"Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in multiple pregnancy" 1734:"Identical Triplets, Conceived without Fertility Drugs, are 'One in a Million'" 1615: 1508: 1385:"Glossary: Multiple pregnancy: antenatal care for twin and triplet pregnancies" 585:

multiple births from natural pregnancies has been given as approximately 1:89 (

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Sesquizygotic – an egg which is fertilized by 2 sperms, which produce 2 fetuses

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The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

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Babies born from multiple-birth pregnancies are much more likely to result in

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Twins are by far the most common form of multiple births in humans. The U.S.

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Certain cultures consider multiple births a portent of either good or evil.

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can be drawn. Likewise, existing studies are too small to determine if a

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and often into adulthood. Conditions where the risk is greatest include

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In Ancient Rome, the legend of the twin brothers who founded the city (

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1:89 (= approx. 0.000142%, less than 1:700,000) or 1:80 for quadruplets

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between 32 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days, and the first twin is in

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term effects of the high-calorie diets on the mother are not known.

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Dizygotic – multiple (typically two) fetuses produced by two zygotes

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Lee HC, Gould JB, Boscardin WJ, El-Sayed YY, Blumenfeld YJ (2011).

2983:"Nutritional advice for improving outcomes in multiple pregnancies" 2635:

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines

5833: 5813: 5477: 5246: 3838: 3789: 3296:"واگذاری رایگان مسکن به خانواده‌های دارای فرزندان چهارقلو به بالا" 3081:"Trends in Cesarean Delivery for Twin Births in the United States" 1671:"1 in a Million Chance: Minnesota Mom Welcomes Identical Triplets" 1507:

Gill, Prabhcharan; Lende, Michelle N.; Van Hook, James W. (2023),

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is effective for reducing prematurity in cases of multiple birth.

659: 386: 320: 312: 181: 155: 147: 85: 664:

The Gosselin sextuplets with their parents and sisters, cover of

4508: 3298:[Free housing for families with four or more children]. 1202:). The theme occurs in other mythologies as well, and is called 1183: 803: 657:, are particularly at risk for multiple births of higher order. 500: 372:. Quadruplets are sometimes referred to as "quads" in Britain. 282: 250: 242: 222:

Polyzygotic – multiple fetuses produced by two or more zygotes:

117: 100: 63: 27:

End of a multiple pregnancy where two or more offspring are born

4942: 3726: 2531:"Multiple Birth: Twins, Triplets, Complications & Symptoms" 1424:"Fertility Treatments and Multiple Births in the United States" 261:

In humans, the average length of pregnancy (2 weeks fewer than

4319: 2981:

Bricker, L; Reed, K; Wood, L; Neilson, JP (24 November 2015).

2016: 517: 71:. In non-humans, the whole group may also be referred to as a 598:

1:89 (= 1:7921, about 0.013%) or 1:80 (= 1:6400) for triplets

2391:

Rafael, TJ; Berghella, V; Alfirevic, Z (10 September 2014).

1994:"The day after Mother's Day, the Gosselin sextuplets arrive" 228:

Trizygotic – three or more fetuses produced by three zygotes

3662: 3153:"Planned caesarean section for women with a twin pregnancy" 3151:

Hofmeyr, GJ; Barrett, JF; Crowther, CA (19 December 2015).

2097:"Record-breaking nonuplets celebrate their second birthday" 2827:"US article exposes trend to abort half a twin pregnancy" 2141:"National Center for Health Statistics - Multiple Births" 1646:"Identical Triplets - What You Need to Know - Huggies AU" 533:

deal primarily with North America and do not represent a

4770:

Declaration on the elimination of violence against women

1540:"Twin Statistics - What is your chance of having twins?" 1039:

does not significantly decrease or increase the risk of

418:"Sextuplets" redirects here. For the American film, see 2888:

Dodd, JM; Dowswell, T; Crowther, CA (6 November 2015).

2121:

Bush, Melissa; Pernoll, Martin L. (15 September 2010).

1174:, are sons of two different fathers. One of the twins ( 542: 2293:

Neilson, JP; West, HM; Dowswell, T (5 February 2014).

3492:

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

2554:

Hammond KR (1998). "Multifetal pregnancy reduction".

84:

of a single egg that then splits to create identical

3667: 2703:"Opinion Number 719: Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction" 2180: 2178: 5877: 5842: 5806: 5760: 5751: 5711: 5506: 5463: 5432: 5425: 5292: 5217: 5186: 5177: 5111: 5068: 5013: 4980: 4849: 4793: 4755: 4746: 4695: 4540: 4529: 4460: 4451: 4303: 4294: 4203: 4145: 4091: 3950: 3863: 3852: 3778: 3765: 3671: 1959: 1925: 1862: 1476:"Rare identical triplets born to Baltimore couple" 857:Today many multiple pregnancies are the result of 840:, possibly impairing function of internal organs. 2250: 2248: 875:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 380:"Quintuplet" redirects here. For other uses, see 57:species, multiple births occur in most kinds of 3359: 3357: 2218: 2216: 2060:"Octomum - Natalie Suleman's octuplets turn 10" 1515:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 1154:Beatrix with her seven swan-children, from the 30:"Triplets" redirects here. For other uses, see 3649:HFEA consultation on multiple births after IVF 3598:Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 3316:Moore JE, Witt WP, Elixhauser A (April 2014). 2587: 2585: 2467:Note: Record was not confirmed until July 2011 1794:"Mothers of Supertwins: Supertwins Statistics" 645:. Younger patients who undergo treatment with 80:A multiple pregnancy may be the result of the 4954: 3738: 3430:Guntram, Lisa; Zeiler, Kristin (2019-05-17). 3311: 3309: 2813:""Selective Reduction Abortions" On the Rise" 705:, which became the highest-rated show on the 531:The examples and perspective in this article 8: 3198: 3196: 2883: 2881: 2625: 2623: 2295:"Betamimetics for inhibiting preterm labour" 1760:Fierro, Pamela Prindle (December 15, 2014). 3209:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3157:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2987:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2894:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2397:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2348:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2299:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1459: 331:Monoamniotic triplets as seen on ultrasound 140:. Identical twins are always the same sex. 5757: 5429: 5183: 4961: 4947: 4939: 4821:International Center for Research on Women 4752: 4537: 4457: 4300: 3860: 3775: 3745: 3731: 3723: 3668: 2716:Evans, MI; Andriole, S; Britt, DW (2014). 1361:"Coefficient of relationship - ISOGG Wiki" 1116:Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 289:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 104:, or from three or more zygotes is called 3609: 3543:The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 3465: 3447: 3228: 3176: 3104: 3055: 3006: 2913: 2781: 2733: 2503: 2416: 2367: 2318: 2079:"Malian woman gives birth to nine babies" 1703:"Rare identical triplets born in Austria" 1439: 595:1:89 (= 1.1%) or 1:80 (= 1.25%) for twins 569:Learn how and when to remove this message 342:American Society of Reproductive Medicine 1304:, a 1999 drama film about the 1993-born 879: 788:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 36: 2718:"Fetal reduction: 25 years' experience" 1352: 348:, "No one really knows the incidence". 3658:Multiple Births in Legend and Folklore 1996:. Penn State University. 10 May 2004. 1713:from the original on September 4, 2015 820:. Monochorionic multiples may even be 3663:Twins and Multiple Births Association 3381:Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 3203:Shub, A; Walker, SP (23 April 2015). 3128:Gallagher, James (23 November 2011). 2024:from the original on 27 January 2009. 1683:from the original on January 12, 2015 1669:Keating, Caitlin (January 10, 2015). 1542:. keepkidshealthy.com. Archived from 1488:from the original on October 24, 2015 1182:) is the illegitimate son of the god 7: 4909: 4803:Office of Research on Women's Health 3436:Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 2480:"Cerebral palsy and multiple births" 1980:participating institution membership 1946:participating institution membership 1883:participating institution membership 1732:Mohney, Gillian (December 5, 2013). 1166:In Greek mythology, fraternal twins 1023:Cesarean section or vaginal delivery 720:Premature birth and low birth weight 618:Quintuplets and more – 37 (0.00092%) 5793:Psychiatric disorders of childbirth 4921: 4841:Society for Women's Health Research 4775:International Day of the Girl Child 3346:"Korea's 'lucky' triplets seized". 2484:Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed 2012:"US woman gives birth to octuplets" 1616:"UOTW #19 - Ultrasound of the Week" 1474:Cohn, Meredith (October 23, 2015). 1087:Prodigiorum ac ostentorum chronicon 836:. In very rare cases, there may be 49:is the culmination of one multiple 4885:Birth control in the United States 3130:"Women can choose Caesarean birth" 2600:(2): 350–355, discussion 355–357. 2568:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1998.tb02657.x 1591:"Do Twins Really Run in Families?" 1085:A woman bearing 9 or 11 children, 732:, compared to 1.7% in singletons. 25: 4780:Commission on the Status of Women 3790:External female genitalia (vulva) 2866:Padawer, Ruth (August 10, 2011). 2077:Akinwotu, Emmanuel (5 May 2021). 1774:from the original on 9 March 2015 818:twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome 591:) and as about 1:80. This gives: 5798:Postpartum physiological changes 5498:Postpartum physiological changes 5023:Assisted reproductive technology 4920: 4908: 4897: 4896: 4113:Assisted reproductive technology 3753: 3140:from the original on 2012-08-19. 2797: 2749: 2269:10.1097/00003081-199803000-00017 2048:from the original on 2014-12-20. 2000:from the original on 2016-10-23. 989:, infection, a miscarriage, and 861:(IVF). In a 1997 study of 2,173 804:Twin § Degree of separation 522: 346:Greater Baltimore Medical Center 271:assisted reproductive technology 5850:Adaptation to extrauterine life 4079:Breastfeeding and mental health 3036:New England Journal of Medicine 2770:Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2641:from the original on 2013-02-23 2234:from the original on 2016-01-11 1626:from the original on 9 May 2017 1428:New England Journal of Medicine 971:Selective reduction (procedure) 471:Very high-order multiple births 5493:Maternal physiological changes 3221:10.1002/14651858.CD008820.pub2 3169:10.1002/14651858.CD006553.pub3 2999:10.1002/14651858.CD008867.pub3 2906:10.1002/14651858.CD005300.pub4 2556:J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2409:10.1002/14651858.CD009166.pub2 2360:10.1002/14651858.CD004733.pub4 2311:10.1002/14651858.CD004352.pub3 2036:"Octuplets born in Bellflower" 1253:Multifetal pregnancy reduction 1242:Medically assisted procreation 699:and (following their divorce) 41:Triplet brothers at graduation 1: 5048:partner-assisted reproduction 4729:Social determinants of health 3504:10.1080/14767058.2017.1379073 3266:10.1016/s0029-7844(97)00686-8 2868:"The Two-Minus-One Pregnancy" 2606:10.1016/S0002-9378(97)70197-2 1211:In certain medieval European 991:prelabor rupture of membranes 98:, from two zygotes is called 4724:Gender disparities in health 4062:Mother-to-child transmission 3097:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182318651 2840:Mundy, Liza (May 20, 2007). 2673:10.1097/aog.0b013e318293f12f 2478:Pharoah PO, Cooke T (1996). 1833:10.1016/0165-1781(84)90120-3 635:follicle-stimulating hormone 433:, on November 18, 1983, the 198:seven offspring – septuplets 192:five offspring – quintuplets 189:four offspring – quadruplets 168:out of every 80 pregnancies. 132:and share only 50% of their 5284:Traditional birth attendant 4337:Pelvic inflammatory disease 4280:Hormone replacement therapy 3844:Reproductive system disease 3366:Medieval Romance in England 3085:Obstetrics & Gynecology 2952:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.12.016 2722:Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 2450:"Triplets set world record" 2224:"Multiple Pregnancy - ACOG" 2159:Births: Final Data for 2010 844:Mortality rate (stillbirth) 653:, followed by intrauterine 615:Quadruplets – 313 (0.0078%) 545:, discuss the issue on the 499:, a 25-year-old woman from 445:. Reality television shows 441:, born on May 10, 2004, in 382:Quintuplet (disambiguation) 201:eight offspring – octuplets 5937: 5516:Brain health and pollution 4831:Black Women's Health Study 3898:Complications of pregnancy 3611:10.1016/j.tjog.2017.10.006 3449:10.1007/s11019-019-09891-w 2783:10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.02.004 2448:Le, Julia (26 July 2011). 1709:. Vienna. August 8, 2007. 830:umbilical cord compression 801: 417: 379: 306: 280: 204:nine offspring – nonuplets 195:six offspring – sextuplets 186:three offspring – triplets 29: 5729:Chorionic villus sampling 5081:Obstetric ultrasonography 5005:Pre-conception counseling 4892: 4808:Women's Health Initiative 4661:Major depressive disorder 4489:Intimate partner violence 4350:Female genital mutilation 4345: 4037: 3393:10.1007/s00404-016-4196-5 3368:, New York: Burt Franklin 3364:Laura A. Hibbard (1963), 2661:Obstetrics and Gynecology 1967:Oxford English Dictionary 1933:Oxford English Dictionary 1870:Oxford English Dictionary 1403:www.reproductivefacts.org 1341:Three Identical Strangers 1237:Ethics of multiple births 1198:(who are also sisters of 923: 920: 893: 816:, with resultant risk of 794:, and anxiety disorders. 747:, multiples tend to have 510:covers notable examples. 5619:Intrahepatic cholestasis 4397:Gynaecological disorders 4213:Culture and menstruation 4180:Contraceptive prevalence 4072:Compulsory sterilization 1293:Girls and Their Monsters 1147:at about the same time. 792:autism spectrum disorder 612:Triplets – 5,503 (0.14%) 368:, all of whom developed 5689:Motor vehicle emissions 5550:Concomitant conditions 5524:environmental toxicants 5267:Auxiliary nurse midwife 5028:artificial insemination 4995:Natural family planning 4680:Urinary tract infection 4472:Abuse during childbirth 2872:New York Times Magazine 2127:Pregnancy Health Center 1972:Oxford University Press 1938:Oxford University Press 1875:Oxford University Press 1387:. NICE. September 2011. 1311:List of multiple births 1277:Biological reproduction 1068:Neonatal intensive care 1049:pregnancy complications 1041:fetal or neonatal death 828:, resulting in risk of 609:Twins – 132,562 (3.31%) 508:list of multiple births 124:) may produce a single 5783:Postpartum confinement 5043:in vitro fertilisation 4597:Cardiovascular disease 4185:Contraceptive security 4118:In vitro fertilization 4029:Postpartum confinement 3903:Hyperemesis gravidarum 3350:. Fairfax. 2003-03-30. 3322:HCUP Statistical Brief 2594:Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol 1903:. 2006. Archived from 1620:Ultrasound of the Week 1247:In vitro fertilization 1163: 1160:Talbot Shrewsbury Book 1093: 867:in vitro fertilisation 859:in vitro fertilisation 671: 649:containing artificial 643:in-vitro fertilization 628:in vitro fertilization 489:Bellflower, California 399: 332: 318: 169: 153: 42: 5778:Postpartum depression 5659:Pruritic folliculitis 5403:Unassisted childbirth 4719:Healthcare inequality 4521:Gender discrimination 4325:Human papilloma virus 4000:Vesicovaginal fistula 3644:Facts About Multiples 3048:10.1056/NEJMoa1214939 2199:10.1093/humrep/del009 1622:. 23 September 2014. 1589:Bellefonds, Colleen. 1441:10.1056/NEJMoa1301467 1200:Castor and Polydeuces 1172:Heracles and Iphicles 1168:Castor and Polydeuces 1153: 1084: 1033:cephalic presentation 932:2 if not top-quality 865:performed as part of 802:Further information: 798:Incomplete separation 696:Jon & Kate Plus 8 663: 464:Sweet Home Sextuplets 447:Jon & Kate Plus 8 443:Hershey, Pennsylvania 390: 330: 316: 307:Further information: 257:Human multiple births 159: 151: 40: 5885:Gravidity and parity 5865:Congenital disorders 5824:Lactation consultant 5694:Pre-existing disease 5373:Childbirth positions 5363:Rupture of membranes 5060:Unintended pregnancy 5038:fertility medication 4826:Nurses' Health Study 4734:Reproductive justice 4685:Urinary incontinence 4305:Sexually transmitted 4160:Intrauterine devices 4005:Rectovaginal fistula 3995:Obstetrical fistulae 3923:Gestational diabetes 3918:Obstetrical bleeding 3893:Adolescent pregnancy 3878:Gravidity and parity 3873:Unintended pregnancy 2842:"Too Much to Carry?" 2496:10.1136/fn.75.3.f174 2123:"Multiple Pregnancy" 1762:"Identical Triplets" 1114:A study by the U.S. 1043:or serious neonatal 889:Embryos transferred 647:fertility medication 551:create a new article 543:improve this article 514:Causes and frequency 477:McCaughey septuplets 362:fertility treatments 5788:Sex after pregnancy 5595:Endocrine diseases 5541:Prenatal depression 5413:Placental expulsion 5331:Uterine contraction 5314:cervical effacement 5055:Fertility awareness 4739:Women's empowerment 4607:Alzheimer's disease 4238:Cloth menstrual pad 4195:Fertility awareness 4165:Oral contraceptives 4047:Perinatal mortality 2940:Preventive Medicine 2847:The Washington Post 2257:Clin Obstet Gynecol 2044:. 26 January 2009. 2020:. 27 January 2009. 1970:(Online ed.). 1936:(Online ed.). 1873:(Online ed.). 1821:Psychiatry Research 1800:on January 18, 2015 1301:Half a Dozen Babies 1259:Selective reduction 1077:Society and culture 976:Selective reduction 824:, sharing the same 812:, sharing the same 626:treatments such as 439:Gosselin sextuplets 5564:Hypercoagulability 5393:Natural childbirth 5242:Postterm pregnancy 5000:Male contraceptive 4836:Cartwright Inquiry 4747:Politics, research 4565:Endometrial cancer 4419:Sexual intercourse 4190:Planned parenthood 4175:Male contraceptive 3555:10.1111/jlme.12233 2815:. 13 January 2012. 1650:www.huggies.com.au 1546:on 7 February 2008 1227:Knight of the Swan 1213:chivalric romances 1164: 1156:Knight of the Swan 1097:Insurance coverage 1094: 1091:Conrad Lycosthenes 1059:Monoamniotic twins 983:potassium chloride 772:North West England 749:lower birth weight 672: 487:, born in 2009 in 404:Dionne quintuplets 400: 366:Genain quadruplets 333: 319: 212:of the pregnancy: 170: 154: 108:. Similarly, the 43: 5893: 5892: 5878:Obstetric history 5873: 5872: 5834:Confinement nanny 5747: 5746: 5614:Acute fatty liver 5421: 5420: 5309:cervical dilation 4936: 4935: 4816: 4815: 4641: 4640: 4592: 4591: 4575:Papanicolaou test 4531:Non-communicable 4499:Sexual harassment 4477:Domestic violence 4447: 4446: 4290: 4289: 4087: 4086: 3990:Retained placenta 3908:Ectopic pregnancy 3720: 3719: 3042:(14): 1295–1305. 2855:on April 5, 2015. 2829:. 31 August 2011. 2735:10.1159/000357974 2637:. February 2013. 2171:on July 20, 2017. 1978:(Subscription or 1944:(Subscription or 1881:(Subscription or 1481:The Baltimore Sun 1434:(23): 2218–2225. 1306:Dilley sextuplets 1141:Romulus and Remus 1005:Care in pregnancy 987:retained placenta 954: 953: 927:1 if top-quality 908:1 if top-quality 853:Prevention in IVF 808:Multiples may be 778:Behavioral issues 581:The frequency of 579: 578: 571: 553:, as appropriate. 485:Suleman octuplets 435:Walton sextuplets 420:Sextuplets (film) 328: 16:(Redirected from 5928: 5758: 5724:Cardiotocography 5430: 5336:Vaginal delivery 5209:Nesting instinct 5184: 5169:Rudimentary horn 5098:Prenatal testing 4963: 4956: 4949: 4940: 4924: 4923: 4912: 4911: 4900: 4899: 4753: 4538: 4458: 4452:Non-reproductive 4301: 4218:Feminine hygiene 3985:Cesarian section 3980:Obstructed labor 3861: 3776: 3757: 3747: 3740: 3733: 3724: 3669: 3632: 3631: 3613: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3469: 3451: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3387:(6): 1117–1124. 3376: 3370: 3369: 3361: 3352: 3351: 3343: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3333: 3313: 3304: 3303: 3300:Mehr News Agency 3292: 3286: 3285: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3232: 3200: 3191: 3190: 3180: 3163:(12): CD006553. 3148: 3142: 3141: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3108: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3059: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3010: 2993:(11): CD008867. 2978: 2972: 2971: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2917: 2900:(11): CD005300. 2885: 2876: 2875: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2851:. 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2864: 2860: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2796: 2763: 2762: 2758: 2748: 2715: 2714: 2710: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2644: 2642: 2629: 2628: 2621: 2591: 2590: 2583: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2539: 2537: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2459: 2457: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2403:(9): CD009166. 2390: 2389: 2385: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2305:(2): CD004352. 2292: 2291: 2287: 2254: 2253: 2246: 2237: 2235: 2222: 2221: 2214: 2184: 2183: 2176: 2168: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2106: 2104: 2095: 2094: 2090: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2058: 2057: 2053: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2010: 2009: 2005: 1992: 1991: 1987: 1977: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1943: 1924: 1923: 1919: 1910: 1908: 1895: 1894: 1890: 1880: 1861: 1860: 1856: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1803: 1801: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1777: 1775: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1744: 1742: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1716: 1714: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1686: 1684: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1654: 1652: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1629: 1627: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1599: 1597: 1588: 1587: 1583: 1574: 1572: 1570:medlineplus.gov 1564: 1563: 1559: 1549: 1547: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1525: 1523: 1506: 1505: 1501: 1491: 1489: 1473: 1472: 1457: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1407: 1405: 1397: 1396: 1392: 1383: 1382: 1378: 1369: 1367: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1282:Conjoined twins 1273: 1264:abortion ethics 1255: 1244: 1239: 1217:Marie de France 1128: 1112: 1104: 1099: 1079: 1070: 1029:gestational age 1025: 1016: 1007: 973: 962: 940:No more than 2 916:No more than 2 855: 846: 838:conjoined twins 806: 800: 780: 765: 743:As a result of 738:cervical suture 726:premature birth 722: 717: 683:fertility drugs 575: 564: 558: 555: 540: 527: 523: 516: 473: 423: 416: 385: 378: 358: 321: 311: 305: 285: 279: 259: 165: 161: 146: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5934: 5932: 5924: 5923: 5921:Women's health 5918: 5913: 5908: 5898: 5897: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5887: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5819:Health visitor 5816: 5810: 5808: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5764: 5762: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5736: 5734:Nonstress test 5731: 5726: 5721: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5668: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5650:Skin diseases 5648: 5647: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5623: 5622: 5621: 5616: 5608: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5518: 5512: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5469: 5467: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5440:Amniotic fluid 5436: 5434: 5427: 5423: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5388:Multiple birth 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5359: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5322: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5296: 5294: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5270: 5269: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5238: 5237: 5227: 5221: 5219: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5194:Bradley method 5190: 5188: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5115: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5094: 5093: 5086:Pregnancy test 5083: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5051: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5019: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4986: 4984: 4978: 4977: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4958: 4951: 4943: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4930: 4918: 4906: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4876: 4875: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4853: 4850:Women's health 4847: 4846: 4844: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4805: 4799: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4761: 4759: 4757:United Nations 4750: 4749:& advocacy 4744: 4743: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4699: 4696:Sociocultural 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4667: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4663: 4653: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4635: 4630: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4626: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4584:Ovarian cancer 4581: 4580: 4579: 4578: 4577: 4567: 4560:Uterine cancer 4557: 4552: 4546: 4544: 4535: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4512: 4511: 4504:Sexual assault 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4474: 4468: 4466: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4405: 4404: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4382:Child marriage 4379: 4377:Breast ironing 4374: 4369: 4367:Breast binding 4364: 4363: 4362: 4357: 4355:Clitoridectomy 4346: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4334: 4333: 4332: 4322: 4317: 4311: 4309: 4298: 4292: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4284: 4283: 4282: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4256: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4233:Menstrual aids 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4209: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4156: 4154: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4139: 4138: 4137: 4132: 4122: 4121: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4099: 4097: 4089: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4075: 4074: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4020: 4019: 4017:Husband stitch 4009: 4008: 4007: 4002: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3956: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3944: 3943: 3942: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3895: 3890: 3888:Antenatal care 3885: 3880: 3875: 3869: 3867: 3858: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3834:Fallopian tube 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3815: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3803: 3802: 3786: 3784: 3780:Reproductive 3773: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3759:Women's health 3752: 3750: 3749: 3742: 3735: 3727: 3718: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3702: 3681: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3672:Classification 3666: 3665: 3660: 3654:D. L. Ashliman 3651: 3646: 3639: 3638:External links 3636: 3634: 3633: 3604:(6): 740–744. 3584: 3549:(2): 196–205. 3533: 3498:(3): 389–397. 3481: 3442:(4): 557–571. 3422: 3371: 3353: 3338: 3305: 3287: 3254:Obstet Gynecol 3244: 3192: 3143: 3120: 3071: 3022: 2973: 2929: 2877: 2858: 2832: 2818: 2804: 2756: 2708: 2694: 2651: 2619: 2581: 2546: 2522: 2470: 2440: 2383: 2334: 2285: 2244: 2212: 2174: 2150: 2147:on 2013-10-20. 2132: 2113: 2088: 2069: 2051: 2027: 2003: 1985: 1951: 1917: 1888: 1854: 1811: 1785: 1752: 1724: 1694: 1661: 1637: 1607: 1595:What to Expect 1581: 1557: 1531: 1499: 1455: 1414: 1390: 1376: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1337: 1331: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1297: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1272: 1269: 1254: 1251: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233:the children. 1127: 1124: 1111: 1108: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1078: 1075: 1069: 1066: 1024: 1021: 1015: 1012: 1006: 1003: 972: 969: 961: 958: 952: 951: 948: 946: 942: 941: 938: 934: 933: 929: 928: 925: 922: 918: 917: 914: 910: 909: 906: 902: 901: 898: 895: 891: 890: 887: 884: 854: 851: 845: 842: 799: 796: 779: 776: 768:Cerebral palsy 764: 763:Cerebral palsy 761: 721: 718: 716: 713: 687: 686: 679: 620: 619: 616: 613: 610: 603: 602: 599: 596: 577: 576: 537:of the subject 535:worldwide view 530: 528: 521: 515: 512: 472: 469: 415: 412: 396:Dionne sisters 377: 374: 357: 354: 304: 301: 281:Main article: 278: 275: 258: 255: 235: 234: 233: 232: 229: 226: 220: 206: 205: 202: 199: 196: 193: 190: 187: 184: 145: 142: 47:multiple birth 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5933: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5841: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5829:Monthly nurse 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5719:Amniocentesis 5717: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5679:Vaginal flora 5677: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5570: 5569:Substance use 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5483:Fundal height 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5462: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5428: 5424: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5291: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5236: 5235:Preterm birth 5233: 5232: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5216: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5199:Hypnobirthing 5197: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5076:3D ultrasound 5074: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4990:Birth control 4988: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4964: 4959: 4957: 4952: 4950: 4945: 4944: 4941: 4929: 4928: 4919: 4917: 4916: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4895: 4894: 4891: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4848: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4818: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4795:United States 4792: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4745: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4709:Disadvantaged 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4694: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4672: 4671: 4670:Urinary tract 4668: 4662: 4659: 4658: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4647: 4646:Mental health 4644: 4643: 4634: 4631: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4585: 4582: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4555:Breast cancer 4553: 4551: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4464:against women 4459: 4456: 4450: 4440: 4439:Sex education 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4372:Breast health 4370: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4331: 4328: 4327: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4302: 4299: 4293: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4243:Menstrual cup 4241: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4202: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4148: 4147:Contraception 4144: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4126: 4123: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4108:Childlessness 4106: 4105: 4104: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4093:Reproductive 4090: 4080: 4077: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4067:Sterilization 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4036: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3965:Preterm birth 3963: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3930: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3800:Clitoral hood 3798: 3797: 3796: 3793: 3792: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768:Reproductive 3764: 3760: 3756: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3736: 3734: 3729: 3728: 3725: 3712: 3708: 3707: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3679: 3674: 3670: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3588: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3537: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3485: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3426: 3423: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3375: 3372: 3367: 3360: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3342: 3339: 3328:on 2014-07-14 3327: 3323: 3319: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3302:(in Persian). 3301: 3297: 3291: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3248: 3245: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3188: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3124: 3121: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3075: 3072: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3026: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2977: 2974: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2933: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2869: 2862: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2843: 2836: 2833: 2828: 2822: 2819: 2814: 2808: 2805: 2800: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2776:(6): 542–54. 2775: 2771: 2767: 2760: 2757: 2752: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2712: 2709: 2704: 2698: 2695: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2667:(6): 1305–8. 2666: 2662: 2655: 2652: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2626: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2588: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2562:(3): 338–43. 2561: 2557: 2550: 2547: 2536: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2490:(3): F174–7. 2489: 2485: 2481: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2455: 2451: 2444: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2387: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2338: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2263:(1): 114–25. 2262: 2258: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2193:(6): 1531–2. 2192: 2188: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2167: 2160: 2154: 2151: 2146: 2142: 2136: 2133: 2128: 2124: 2117: 2114: 2102: 2098: 2092: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2073: 2070: 2065: 2061: 2055: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2042: 2037: 2031: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2007: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1981: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1962: 1955: 1952: 1947: 1939: 1935: 1934: 1928: 1921: 1918: 1907:on 2015-02-04 1906: 1902: 1898: 1892: 1889: 1884: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1865: 1858: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1815: 1812: 1799: 1795: 1789: 1786: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1763: 1756: 1753: 1741: 1740: 1735: 1728: 1725: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1698: 1695: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1665: 1662: 1651: 1647: 1641: 1638: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1611: 1608: 1596: 1592: 1585: 1582: 1571: 1567: 1561: 1558: 1545: 1541: 1535: 1532: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1509:"Twin Births" 1503: 1500: 1487: 1483: 1482: 1477: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1418: 1415: 1404: 1400: 1394: 1391: 1386: 1380: 1377: 1366: 1362: 1356: 1353: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1316:List of twins 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1260: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1241: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1110:United States 1109: 1107: 1101: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1076: 1074: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1022: 1020: 1013: 1011: 1004: 1002: 998: 996: 992: 988: 984: 979: 977: 970: 968: 966: 959: 957: 949: 947: 944: 943: 939: 936: 935: 931: 930: 926: 924:1st & 2nd 919: 915: 912: 911: 907: 904: 903: 899: 896: 892: 888: 885: 882: 881: 878: 876: 870: 868: 864: 860: 852: 850: 843: 841: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 810:monochorionic 805: 797: 795: 793: 789: 785: 777: 775: 773: 769: 762: 760: 758: 754: 750: 746: 745:preterm 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