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258:. He was heading southeast when the Teyas told him that the Turk was taking him in the wrong direction and that Quivira was to the north. It appears the Turk was luring the Spaniards away from New Mexico with tales of wealth in Quivira, hoping perhaps that they would get lost in the vastness of the Great Plains. Coronado sent most of his slow-moving expeditionary force back to New Mexico. With 30 mounted Spaniards, Indigenous persons, priests, the Turk and Teya captives forced into service, Coronado changed course northward in search of Quivira. After a march of more than 30 days, he found a large river, probably the Arkansas, and soon met several Indigenous bison hunters, who guided him to Quivira.
438:
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518:, in search of game or gold, crossed the mountains and the wilderness lying to the east, and was suddenly amazed by the apparition of a dead city, silent and tenantless, but bearing the evidences of large population, of vast resources, of architectural knowledge, mechanical skill, and wonderful energy, they should have associated with it the stories heard from childhood of the mythical center of riches and power, and called the new-found wonder the Gran Quivira.
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heads, and their privy parts slightly covered. It was the same sort of place ... and of about the same size as
Quivira." Disappointed at his failure to find wealth, Coronado turned toward New Mexico and marched back across the plains, met the rest of his army there, and the next year returned to Mexico. Before leaving Quivira, Coronado ordered the Turk executed by strangulation. The Coronado expedition had failed in its quest for gold.
165:
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95:. Coronado's meager descriptions of Quivira resemble more recent post-contact Wichita communities. The Quivirans seem to have been numerous, based on the number of settlements Coronado visited, with a population of at least 10,000 persons. They were good farmers as well as bison hunters. Judging from Coronado's description, they were a healthy, peaceful people.
128:. Their reason for relocating may have been to escape the encroachment of the Plains Apache, whose expansion created war and hostilities among the nations of the Great Plains. It also appears that the 18th-century Wichita of the 18th century were fewer in number than in the 16th century. This decrease is likely due to
306:. Padilla journeyed back to Quivira with a Portuguese assistant and several Indigenous converts. The friar and most of his companions were soon killed by people from Quivira, apparently because he wished to leave their country to visit their enemies, the Guas. Portuguese and Native survivors reported the story.
266:
Coronado found
Quivira "well settled.... The land itself being very fat and black and being very well watered by the rivulets and springs and rivers. I found prunes like those of Spain, and nuts and very good sweet grapes and mulberries." It was, he said, the best land he had seen during his long
298:
Coronado was escorted to the border of
Quivira at an area called Tabas where the neighboring nation of Harahey began. He summoned the "Lord of Harahey" who, with a retinue of nearly 200, came to meet the Spanish. The Harahey delegation were "all naked — with bows and some sort of things on their
367:
east of New Mexico (this suggests more than 1,200 km (750 mi)). Another reputed expedition was undertaken in 1662 by Diego
Dionisio de Penalosa, who allegedly found a large settlement he called a city, but a modern re-examination of his account concluded that the story is fanciful.
500:
territory. During the early period of the
Spanish conquest, when the town was called Pueblo de Las Humanas, a mission was built here. In the 1670s, the Tompiro communities were abandoned and absorbed into other Pueblos. The remains of Gran Quivira Pueblo and the mission are today part of
238:
informant dubbed “The Turk” of a wealthy nation named
Quivira far to the east, whose chieftain supposedly drank from golden cups hanging from the trees. Hearing of this, Coronado commanded an expedition of more than 1000 Spanish and Indigenous persons onto the
267:
trek north from Mexico. Coronado spent 25 days in
Quivira and traveled about 25 leagues 100 km (65 mi) from one end of the country to the other. He found nothing more than straw-thatched villages of up to 200 houses each and fields of
360:, but no gold or silver. He learned that Leyba and other members of the Umana and Lebya expedition had been killed by Indians. In 1606, 800 people from Quivira reportedly visited Oñate in New Mexico to trade.
294:
The
Spaniards described the locals as being a "large people of good build" with many of the men being more than 6 ft (180 cm) and seemed very tall to the Spaniards. Both sexes wore minimal attire.
513:
the name of "Quivira" had been associated with the idea of a great unknown city, of wealth and splendor, situated somewhere on the
Eastern Plains; and it is not at all unlikely that when some party from the
762:
The
Journey of Coronado, 1540-1542, from the City of Mexico to the Grand Canon of the Colorado and the Buffalo Plains of Texas, Kansas, and Nebraska, As Told by Himself and his Followers
973:
The journey of Coronado, 1540-1542, from the city of Mexico to the Grand Canon of the Colorado and the buffalo plains of Texas, Kansas and Nebraska, as told by himself and his followers
68:
community in the 19th century. The beehive-shaped grass lodges surrounded by cornfields are characteristic and appear similar to those described by Coronado in 1541.
1013:
383:
1003:
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Hackett, Charles W. "New Light on Don Diego de Penalosa: Proof that he never made an expedition from Santa Fe to Quivira and the Mississippi River in 1662."
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314:
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110:
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341:, a Nahua, returned from this journey. He related that Leyba had killed Umana in a quarrel and that he (Jusepe) had deserted the expedition.
271:. He found no gold, other than a single small piece, which he speculated the Indigenous owner acquired from a member of his own expedition.
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and other Indigenous explorers, de Bourgmont traveled westward from the Missouri River to a large Indigenous community believed to have a
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510:
431:
357:
49:
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As Coronado arrived at the Rio Grande, he was disappointed by the lack of wealth among the Pueblo people, but he heard from a
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727:
Onate's Expedition to the Southern Plains: Routes, Destinations, and Implications for Late Prehistoric Cultural Adaptations
475:
437:
337:
made another attempt to find the Quivira of Coronado, though it was denounced as unauthorized by Spanish officials. Only
1028:
486:
268:
662:"Wichita State professor uncovers forgotten native nation that could 'revolutionize' history of the Great Plains"
462:; the central part of the area that was traditionally called Quivira. The first several yearbooks printed by the
200:. Instead of wealth, he found Indigenous farmers living in an array of communities and villages in what are now
558:
976:- Complete primary documents pertaining to Coronado's expeditions, translated by George Parker Winship, at
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The origin of the word "Quivira" is uncertain. The inhabitants of Coronado's Quivira called themselves "
85:
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60:
911:
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population. The village was near Lyons, precisely where Quivira had been almost 200 years earlier.
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The nation of Harahey that Coronado found on the borders of Quivira may have been located on the
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Coronado left behind in New Mexico several Catholic priests and their helpers, including Friar
149:
941:
538:
426:
The last remnants of the formerly extensive cartographic region of Quivira now is the city of
740:"QUIVIRA | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA)"
648:
Archeological Remains in Central Kansas and the Possible Bearing on the location of Quivira.
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On early 16th- and 17th-century maps of North America, a large region including what is now
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In 1540, Spaniard Francisco Vásquez de Coronado commanded a large expedition north from
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493:, was named "La Gran Quivira" ("the Great Quivira"). The community was located within
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Archaeological evidence suggests that Quivira was located near the Great Bend of the
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commanded an expedition to Quivira in 1601. Oñate was married to a granddaughter of
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388:
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181:
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Quivira is located above New Mexico in the "Incognito Lands" in this 1710 map by
348:, undertook another expedition in search of Quivira. He found settlements of the
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391:
375:. In 1675 and 1678 came "two Spanish royal orders for the conquest of Quivira".
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The next confirmed European visitor to the Great Bend region after Coronado was
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626:"Mysterious 'Lost City' of Etzanoa in south-central Kansas now open to tours"
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The original inhabitants of Quivira migrated to eastern Kansas and south to
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along with articles of Spanish manufacture dating from Coronado's time.
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Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections; Vol. 101, No. 7; 1942; pp. 1-24
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399:
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80:. The remains of several Indigenous communities have been found near
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45:, which flourished between 1450 and 1700, is likely part of Quivira.
690:"American Anthropologist," New Series, Vol. 53, No. 4; ; pp. 525–42
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382:
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209:
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In his 1634 expedition, Captain Alonzo Vaca found Quivira 300
16:
Province of the Wichita people on the Great Plains of the U.S.
901:. London, United Kingdom: The Trustees of the British Museum.
841:. London, United Kingdom: The Trustees of the British Museum.
729:; "Plains Anthropologist;"' Vol. 312, No. 11; 1986; pp. 13-33
716:"Plains Anthropologist;" Vol. 37, No. 141; 1992; pp. 311-332.
335:
Francisco Leyba (Leyva) Bonilla and Antonio de Humana (Umana)
795:(Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1953_, 416–19.
30:
in central Kansas, The exact site may be near present-day
688:
The Identity of the 'Paduca: An Ethnohistorical Analysis.
148:. These two names are similar to the Wichita tribes, the
866:"Entry "Quivira" in the Kansas State Cyclopedia of 1912"
819:
A History of Missouri from the Earliest Explorations...
243:
in 1541. The Turk served as the expedition’s adviser.
793:
Don Juan de Onate: Colonizer of New Mexico, 1595-1628
701:
Bourgmont's Route to Central Kansas: A Reexamination.
868:. Skyways.lib.ks.us. August 12, 1902. Archived from
371:
Spanish accounts said Quivirans were enemies of the
344:After this, in 1601, the governor of New Mexico,
507:
936:. Cedar Rapids, IA: The Torch Press. pp.
764:; New York: A.S. Barnes & Co.; 1904, p.219
458:serves the area of southwestern Kansas around
760:Winship, George Parker (Ed. and Translator).
470:Also, a major arterial road runs through the
8:
703:Kansas History; Vol. 2, Summer; 1979; p. 102
168:Route of the Coronado Expedition, 1540–1542.
853:The Cartography of North America: 1500-1800
580:
578:
576:
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454:In addition, the "Quivira Council" of the
503:Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument
773:Winship; pp. 113, 209, 215, 234-235, 237
313:
163:
91:The Quivirans were almost certainly the
570:
246:On his journey, Coronado traversed the
933:Spanish Mission Churches of New Mexico
282:in Blanco Canyon, east of present-day
250:, home to two Indigenous nations: the
832:"Henri Abraham Chatelain (1648-1743)"
26:, located near the Great Bend of the
7:
1014:Spanish colonization of the Americas
806:Mississippi Valley Historical Review
1004:Native American history of Nebraska
387:1720 North America Geographicus by
176:Depiction of Coronado's expedition.
113:. In 1724, along with a company of
912:Quivira Council of the Boy Scouts:
791:George P. Hammon and Agapito, Rey
587:"Coronado's Route to Quivira 1541"
286:. The Querechos lived on the flat
14:
999:Native American history of Kansas
808:, Vol. 6, No 3, Dec 1919, 313-335
1009:Colonial United States (Spanish)
660:Bragg, Caelin (March 30, 2023).
624:Tanner, Beccy (April 21, 2018).
432:Quivira National Wildlife Refuge
22:was a province of the ancestral
742:. Tshaonline.org. June 15, 2010
585:Wedel, Waldo R. (August 1970).
178:Coronado sets out to the north
1:
994:Mythological populated places
603:10.1080/2052546.1970.11908566
196:to search for wealth and the
132:and other European diseases.
50:Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
930:Prince, L. Bradford (1915).
917:September 10, 2009, at the
1045:
668:. Wichita State University
102:near the present city of
892:"John Senex (1678-1740)"
714:Wichita Culture History.
84:along Cow Creek and the
978:Portal to Texas History
559:Tobias-Thompson Complex
394:Henri Abraham Chatelain
269:corn, beans, and squash
34:extending northeast to
851:Portinaro, Pierluigi.
520:
478:named "Quivira Road".
451:
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330:
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198:Seven Cities of Cibola
189:
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591:Plains Anthropologist
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418:was named "Quivira".
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317:
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175:
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86:Little Arkansas River
63:
48:Spanish conquistador
464:University of Kansas
358:Central Great Plains
111:Étienne de Bourgmont
41:The Wichita city of
1029:Colonial New Mexico
899:~ Collection Online
839:~ Collection Online
821:Vol. I., p.p 121–48
817:Louis Houck (1908)
628:. The Wichita Eagle
529:City of the Caesars
278:Coronado found the
897:The British Museum
837:The British Museum
699:Reichart, Milton;
554:Sierra de la Plata
481:A large abandoned
452:
396:
331:
292:
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186:Frederic Remington
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539:Fountain of Youth
516:Rio Grande Valley
509:From the days of
310:Later expeditions
290:above the canyon.
208:. These were the
52:visited in 1541.
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339:Jusepe Gutierrez
327:Isabel Moctezuma
100:Smoky Hill River
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410:, northeastern
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64:A sketch of a
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630:. Retrieved
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446:cartographer
428:Lake Quivira
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953:December 2,
632:December 8,
476:Kansas City
474:suburbs of
434:in Kansas.
373:Escanjaques
76:in central
56:Description
988:Categories
565:References
491:New Mexico
456:Boy Scouts
449:John Senex
412:New Mexico
350:Escanjaque
218:Rio Grande
206:New Mexico
188:, c. 1900.
160:Expedition
544:La Canela
534:El Dorado
333:In 1594,
231:peoples.
150:Tawakonis
136:Etymology
915:Archived
876:April 3,
746:April 3,
672:April 1,
666:WSU News
611:25666935
523:See also
511:Coronado
430:and the
414:and the
408:Colorado
404:Oklahoma
252:Querecho
154:Taovayas
130:smallpox
126:Oklahoma
549:Paititi
468:Quivira
460:Wichita
443:British
365:leagues
356:in the
354:Rayados
202:Arizona
144:" and "
93:Wichita
66:Wichita
43:Etzanoa
20:Quivira
944:
940:–356.
855:(1999)
609:
498:Pueblo
483:pueblo
422:Legacy
400:Kansas
229:Navajo
227:, and
225:Apache
221:Pueblo
194:Mexico
142:Tancoa
78:Kansas
36:Salina
607:JSTOR
389:Dutch
146:Tabas
82:Lyons
32:Lyons
955:2008
942:ISBN
878:2014
748:2014
674:2023
634:2018
352:and
325:and
256:Teya
254:and
214:Zuni
210:Hopi
204:and
152:and
938:355
599:doi
485:in
184:by
115:Kaw
38:.
990::
894:.
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664:.
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595:15
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106:.
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601::
329:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
