3200:
3207:
4620:
2444:
4181:
4186:
802:
136:
3193:
2438:
2432:
4680:
581:
4626:
115:
610:(forearm bone) led initially to its inclusion as an avialan; however, the rest of the skeleton is rather typically dromaeosaurid in its attributes. Given the extremely close affinities between basal birds and their dromaeosaurid cousins, along with the possibility that flight may have developed and been lost multiple times among these groups, it has been difficult to place
863:
743:
433:
757:
show it in flight, it is not clear that it could fly; there has even been some doubt that the forearm material, which includes the quill knobs, belongs with the rest of the skeleton. Some researchers have suggested that
1527:
Schweitzer, Mary H.; Watt, John A.; Avci, Recep; Forster, Catherine A.; Krause, David W.; Knapp, Loren; Rogers, Raymond R.; Beech, Iwona; Marshall, Mark (1999). "Keratin immunoreactivity in the Late
Cretaceous bird
798:. Additionally, Chiappe argued that suggestions of a chimera by paleornithologist Larry Martin were based on Martin's misinterpretation of the wing and shoulder bones as being more advanced than they really are.
1448:
Matías J. Motta; Federico L. Agnolín; Federico Brissón Egli; Fernando E. Novas (2020). "New theropod dinosaur from the Upper
Cretaceous of Patagonia sheds light on the paravian radiation in Gondwana".
467:. Most geological formations in this area are covered in dense grass, making identification of fossils difficult. However, when a portion of hillside was exposed by fire, the remains of a giant
3199:
680:
This consensus has been challenged, however, by a few studies published since 2009 that have found many traditional "dromaeosaurids", including the unenlagiines, closer to
Avialae than to
1379:
Andrea Cau (2018). "The assembly of the avian body plan: a 160-million-year long process" (PDF). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica
Italiana. 57 (1): 1–25. doi:10.4435/BSPI.2018.01.
479:
is known from this single specimen, consisting of the hind limbs, trunk, portions of the tail (all of which were found articulated), as well as portions of the wing and shoulder bones.
989:
Forster, Catherine A.; Sampson, Scott D.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Krause, David W. (1998). "The
Theropod ancestry of birds: New evidence from the late Cretaceous of Madagascar".
4773:
4862:
786:, maintain that its remains belong to a single animal, citing the close proximity of the wing bones to the rest of the skeleton. All the bones attributed to
1088:
4872:
4760:
4877:
4882:
4867:
782:
at least shows that the possibility of a mix-up cannot be fully excluded. However, many other scientists, including the original describers of
1361:
Agnolín, F.L.; Novas, F.E. (2013). "Avian ancestors. A review of the phylogenetic relationships of the theropods
Unenlagiidae, Microraptoria,
1590:
973:
829:
shoulder bones show evidence of ligament attachments allowing the independent mobility needed for flapping flight. Chiappe concluded that
833:
was capable of flight, though it would have been more "clumsy in the air than modern birds." Agnolín and Novas (2013) noted that, like
1514:
876:
730:
were found to be sister taxa in a clade sister to the
Avialae. As of 2020, it is undecided among paleontologists whether the paravian
2443:
4619:
1205:
Makovicky, Peter J.; Apesteguía, Sebastián; Agnolín, Federico L. (2005). "The earliest dromaeosaurid theropod from South
America".
4842:
4852:
4847:
4180:
3206:
4837:
1389:
Hartman, Scott; Mortimer, Mickey; Wahl, William R.; Lomax, Dean R.; Lippincott, Jessica; Lovelace, David M. (2019-07-10).
591:
has historically been the subject of some uncertainty as to its proper taxonomic position – whether it is a member of the
4832:
3192:
4185:
673:
itself. A 2007 study by Turner and colleagues again found it to be an unenlagiine dromaeosaurid, closely related to
561:. Although former character can vary in species of the same genus, in individual vertebrae of the same animal, and
460:
381:-like raised sickle claw on the second toe. It was originally the first African coelurosaur until the discovery of
354:
135:
2437:
2383:
1583:
1271:
523:
1512:
Forster, Catherine A.; O'Conner (2000). "The avifauna of the Upper
Cretaceous Maevarano Formation, Madagascar".
1183:
941:
898:
4857:
2736:
1681:
2431:
1280:
377:
was a small predator, at about 70 centimetres (2.3 ft) long and 0.45-2.27 kg (1-5 lbs), with the typical
1391:"A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight"
4305:
3140:
1249:
924:
De Klerk, William; Forster, Catherine; Sampson, Scott; Chinsamy-Turan, Anusuya; Ross, Callum (2000-06-27).
4700:
4683:
4282:
4226:
1168:
Geist, Nicholas R.; Feduccia, Alan (2000). "Gravity-defying
Behaviors: Identifying Models for Protoaves".
912:
763:
1034:
Forster, Catherine A.; Sampson, Scott D.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Krause, David W. (1998). "Genus correction".
4799:
4542:
2762:
2327:
4513:
565:, the distance in space and time suggests that whatever this specimen may be, it does not belong into
471:
were revealed. It was during the excavation of this find that paleontologists discovered the bones of
4747:
4625:
1576:
1541:
1457:
1322:
1216:
1045:
1000:
778:
123:
3514:
3039:
2905:
2540:
626:, as originally suggested by the describers, and thus a member of the clade Avialae, but while the
452:
362:
766:
consisting of the forelimb of a bird conflated with the skeleton of a dromaeosaurid, and consider
4827:
4570:
3642:
3591:
3268:
3008:
2231:
1708:
1557:
1491:
1240:
1187:
1170:
1147:
1061:
370:
288:
130:
3419:
3359:
4804:
4470:
3854:
4786:
4778:
4422:
3766:
3621:
2894:
2679:
2283:
1650:
1483:
1430:
1412:
1340:
1313:
1232:
1036:
1016:
991:
969:
554:
519:
437:
395:
358:
276:
269:
239:
4791:
720:, finding its placement in Unenlagiinae better supported as it takes 10 less steps. In 2020,
4653:
4578:
4520:
4113:
4004:
3758:
3651:
3349:
3083:
3062:
2372:
2306:
2213:
1850:
1549:
1473:
1465:
1420:
1402:
1330:
1284:
1276:
1224:
1207:
1179:
1137:
1097:
1053:
1008:
937:
868:
546:
4600:
4593:
4556:
4477:
4461:
4041:
4013:
3600:
3258:
3117:
3048:
2920:
2883:
2725:
2710:
2629:
2585:
2564:
2341:
2220:
2177:
2002:
1933:
1666:
1305:
1304:
Turner, Alan H.; Pol, Diego; Clarke, Julia A.; Erickson, Gregory M.; Norell, Mark (2007).
801:
791:
693:
681:
645:
than to avialans, and specifically was a member of the South American dromaeosaurid clade
642:
572:
A dentary has been found in association with the holotype, though it is seldom described.
378:
338:
30:
4738:
1545:
1461:
1326:
1220:
1049:
1004:
4643:
4585:
4549:
4446:
4378:
4353:
4326:
4294:
3938:
3908:
3713:
3552:
3470:
3369:
3129:
3055:
3018:
2516:
2313:
2072:
1968:
1907:
1886:
1425:
1390:
1262:
637:
Beginning in the early 2000s, a consensus emerged among most theropod researchers that
4821:
4663:
4658:
4527:
4387:
4271:
4215:
3894:
3813:
3780:
3744:
3697:
3667:
3614:
3607:
3493:
3484:
3298:
3278:
2821:
2810:
2696:
2665:
2622:
2571:
2557:
2251:
1983:
1961:
1946:
1864:
1495:
1151:
1065:
925:
910:
Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages
790:
were buried in an area "smaller than a letter-sized page", according to co-describer
622:
599:
342:
72:
34:
1244:
1191:
1102:
896:
The Bird:A Natural History of Who Birds Are, Where They Came From, and How They Live
4673:
4535:
4262:
4136:
4129:
4068:
3986:
3773:
3659:
3538:
3450:
3379:
3338:
3288:
3106:
2959:
2944:
2929:
2863:
2751:
2703:
2615:
2505:
2360:
2320:
2299:
2292:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2205:
2190:
2126:
2083:
2044:
1914:
1893:
1824:
1802:
1553:
1120:
Catherine A. Forster; Patrick M. O'Connor; Luis M. Chiappe; Alan H. Turner (2020).
1080:
772:
708:
661:
646:
538:
509:
383:
251:
1057:
1012:
4732:
4498:
4408:
4343:
4084:
4034:
3965:
3917:
3682:
3628:
3576:
3523:
3409:
3389:
3328:
3092:
2842:
2832:
2495:
2334:
2099:
2058:
2029:
2022:
1990:
1900:
1834:
1774:
1761:
1720:
1599:
1081:"On the occurrence of an avian vertebra in Cretaceous strata of Morocco, Africa"
835:
726:
518:
The lack of well-documented relatives of this species nonwithstanding, a single
421:
47:
1469:
1265:; Clark, J. M.; Turner, A.H.; Makovicky, P. J.; Barsbold, R.; Rowe, T. (2006).
114:
4563:
4431:
4238:
4122:
4092:
4059:
4027:
3993:
3979:
3972:
3796:
3706:
3500:
3460:
3399:
3308:
3237:
3224:
3152:
3099:
2975:
2952:
2937:
2873:
2800:
2688:
2658:
2651:
2594:
2550:
2244:
2133:
2117:
2106:
2065:
2051:
2015:
1976:
1954:
965:
858:
844:
702:
580:
535:
468:
350:
346:
193:
92:
57:
4723:
1416:
4668:
4648:
4484:
4439:
4401:
4394:
3951:
3884:
3864:
3844:
3834:
3824:
3734:
3568:
3561:
3530:
3025:
2644:
2198:
2140:
2092:
2036:
1922:
1791:
1693:
1641:
1335:
1079:
Riff, Douglas; Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Mader, Bryn; Russell, Dale (2002).
655:
464:
366:
206:
147:
97:
41:
1487:
1434:
1344:
1236:
821:, and that this fact, coupled with the prominent quill knobs, suggest that
1020:
817:
could probably fly, noting that its ulna was large and robust compared to
742:
4717:
4491:
4363:
4020:
3958:
3720:
3674:
3318:
3069:
2993:
2637:
2601:
2147:
1879:
1632:
1623:
926:"A new coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of South Africa"
825:
had larger and more powerful wings than that earlier bird. Additionally,
747:
562:
334:
180:
167:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
1478:
1228:
4765:
4505:
4251:
4099:
3924:
3439:
2779:
2608:
2474:
2461:
2395:
1561:
1407:
689:
603:
595:
542:
219:
102:
77:
432:
4076:
3874:
3751:
3429:
1813:
1617:
1289:
627:
531:
504:
444:
298:
157:
4694:
1267:"A new dromaeosaurid theropod from Ukhaa Tolgod (Omnogov, Mongolia)"
1266:
700:
as a probable relative of the long-tailed Early Cretaceous avialans
684:. A large analysis published by Agnolín and Novas (2013) recovered
1871:
800:
741:
592:
579:
558:
488:
431:
406:
326:
4752:
1306:"A basal dromaeosaurid and size evolution preceding avian flight"
1142:
1121:
4203:
4148:
809:(hypothetically-depicted male & female) on a charred branch.
607:
512:
456:
330:
4698:
4201:
3222:
2459:
1759:
1610:
1572:
1568:
840:
716:. (2019) "strongly rejected" the supposed avialan position of
962:
Glorified Dinosaurs: The Origin and Early Evolution of Birds
630:
shows adaptations to flight similar in function to those of
1184:
10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0664:GDBIMF]2.0.CO;2
942:
10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0324:ANCDFT]2.0.CO;2
1281:
10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3545[1:ANDTFU]2.0.CO;2
1163:
1161:
669:
to lie within the Unenlagiinae, as the sister taxon to
502:
but changed the name after discovering that the name
4458:
4419:
4375:
4359:
4349:
4339:
4110:
4056:
3935:
3905:
3890:
3880:
3870:
3860:
3850:
3840:
3830:
3820:
3809:
3731:
3694:
3639:
3588:
3549:
3511:
3481:
3466:
3456:
3446:
3435:
3425:
3415:
3405:
3395:
3385:
3375:
3365:
3355:
3345:
3334:
3324:
3314:
3304:
3294:
3284:
3274:
3264:
3254:
3126:
3080:
3036:
3005:
2988:
2917:
2901:
2890:
2879:
2869:
2859:
2848:
2838:
2828:
2817:
2806:
2796:
2748:
2722:
2676:
2582:
2537:
2522:
2512:
2501:
2491:
2369:
2174:
1847:
1830:
1820:
1809:
1798:
1787:
649:. A 2005 analysis by Makovicky and colleagues found
258:
4707:
4457:
4418:
4374:
4324:
4293:
4270:
4261:
4237:
4214:
4147:
4109:
4055:
4003:
3934:
3904:
3794:
3730:
3693:
3638:
3587:
3548:
3510:
3480:
3235:
3151:
3125:
3116:
3079:
3035:
3004:
2973:
2916:
2777:
2747:
2721:
2675:
2581:
2536:
2472:
2394:
2368:
2359:
2282:
2230:
2173:
2116:
2082:
2001:
1932:
1845:
1772:
1719:
1692:
1665:
1356:
1354:
734:is an unenlagiine, a dromaeosaurid or an avialan.
394:means, approximately, "cloud menace bird", from
1122:"The osteology of the Late Cretaceous paravian
696:. A cladistic analysis by Cau (2018) recovered
455:in Madagascar in 1995 by a joint expedition of
753:Although numerous artists' reconstructions of
483:was one-fifth larger than the closely related
399:
1584:
955:
953:
951:
776:. The nearby discovery of the primitive bird
475:among the bones of the much larger dinosaur.
8:
410:
4695:
4332:
4267:
4243:
4211:
4198:
3943:
3802:
3247:
3243:
3232:
3219:
3122:
2981:
2789:
2785:
2484:
2480:
2469:
2456:
2365:
2236:
2182:
2170:
2007:
1938:
1856:
1780:
1769:
1756:
1698:
1671:
1662:
1607:
1591:
1577:
1569:
665:. Norell and colleagues (2006) also found
653:to be closely related to the unenlagiines
113:
20:
1477:
1424:
1406:
1334:
1288:
1141:
1101:
634:, they seem to be independently derived.
1089:Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
436:Skeletal diagram showing remains of the
1367:SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences
887:
847:complexes seems to have been likely in
353:. It is known from a partial skeleton (
557:, it appears to belong to a different
1115:
1113:
303:Forster et al. 1998 non Griveaud 1975
7:
4863:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Africa
614:firmly among or outside the birds.
508:was already assigned to a genus of
405:(RA-hoo-na, "cloud" or "menace") +
1534:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1515:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
930:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
877:Timeline of dromaeosaurid research
14:
805:A speculative restoration of two
4679:
4678:
4624:
4618:
4184:
4179:
3205:
3198:
3191:
2442:
2436:
2430:
861:
526:50852) most similar to those of
134:
4873:Taxa named by Catherine Forster
1136:(2): Article number 23(2):a29.
1103:10.1590/S0001-37652002000200023
4878:Taxa named by Scott D. Sampson
1554:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011183
451:were first recovered from the
349:) of what is now northwestern
1:
4883:Taxa named by Luis M. Chiappe
4868:Fossil taxa described in 1998
1058:10.1126/science.280.5361.179g
1013:10.1126/science.279.5358.1915
960:Chiappe, L. M. (2007-02-02).
843:-like flightstroke using the
620:could be a close relative to
598:(birds) or a closely related
584:Size compared to a human hand
487:, about the size of a modern
908:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2008)
641:was more closely related to
416:"bird". The specific name,
4899:
1470:10.1007/s00114-020-01682-1
1365:and Scansoriopterygidae".
1130:Palaeontologia Electronica
712:. The analysis of Hartman
461:University of Antananarivo
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
4638:
4616:
4335:
4246:
4210:
4197:
4177:
3946:
3805:
3250:
3246:
3231:
3218:
3189:
2984:
2792:
2788:
2487:
2483:
2468:
2455:
2428:
2239:
2185:
2169:
2010:
1941:
1859:
1783:
1768:
1755:
1701:
1674:
1661:
1606:
1272:American Museum Novitates
1250:Supplementary information
913:Supplementary Information
420:, was coined in honor of
294:
287:
257:
250:
131:Scientific classification
129:
121:
112:
23:
1456:(3): Article number 24.
813:Chiappe maintained that
345:, from about 72.1 to 66
122:Reconstructed skeleton,
4843:Dinosaurs of Madagascar
1336:10.1126/science.1144066
724:and the South American
365:rocks at a quarry near
810:
750:
585:
463:, near the village of
440:
411:
400:
4853:Fossils of Madagascar
4848:Cretaceous Madagascar
4800:Paleobiology Database
2328:Paralitherizinosaurus
1450:The Science of Nature
804:
745:
583:
435:
428:Discovery and species
4838:Maastrichtian genera
894:Tudge, Colin (2009)
779:Vorona berivotrensis
553:and having a larger
311:Forster et al. 1998a
124:Royal Ontario Museum
4833:Feathered dinosaurs
3515:Patagopterygiformes
3040:Confuciusornithidae
2906:Scansoriopterygidae
2541:Scansoriopterygidae
1546:1999JVPal..19..712S
1462:2020SciNa.107...24M
1327:2007Sci...317.1378T
1321:(5843): 1378–1381.
1229:10.1038/nature03996
1221:2005Natur.437.1007M
1215:(7061): 1007–1011.
1050:1998Sci...280..179F
1005:1998Sci...279.1915F
999:(5358): 1915–1919.
796:Glorified Dinosaurs
498:initially named it
494:The discoverers of
453:Maevarano Formation
363:Maevarano Formation
3643:Songlingornithidae
3592:Hongshanornithidae
3009:Omnivoropterygidae
2921:Jeholornithiformes
2232:Therizinosauroidea
1408:10.7717/peerj.7247
1171:American Zoologist
811:
751:
602:. The presence of
586:
441:
371:Mahajanga Province
361:and colleagues in
4815:
4814:
4787:Open Tree of Life
4701:Taxon identifiers
4692:
4691:
4634:
4633:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4514:Lutetodontopteris
4423:Gastornithiformes
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4204:Aves / Neornithes
4193:
4192:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4149:Aves / Neornithes
4051:
4050:
3790:
3789:
3622:Parahongshanornis
3214:
3213:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
2969:
2968:
2895:Archaeopterygidae
2773:
2772:
2680:Archaeopterygidae
2451:
2450:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2284:Therizinosauridae
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1651:Maniraptoriformes
1530:Rahonavis ostromi
1124:Rahonavis ostromi
975:978-0-471-24723-4
794:in his 2007 book
530:was found in the
520:thoracic vertebra
438:holotype specimen
359:Catherine Forster
318:
317:
312:
304:
263:Rahonavis ostromi
246:
4890:
4808:
4807:
4795:
4794:
4782:
4781:
4769:
4768:
4756:
4755:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4696:
4682:
4681:
4654:Deinonychosauria
4629:
4628:
4622:
4579:Protodontopteryx
4521:Macrodontopteryx
4460:
4421:
4377:
4361:
4351:
4341:
4333:
4268:
4244:
4212:
4199:
4188:
4183:
4114:Cimolopterygidae
4112:
4058:
4005:Hesperornithidae
3944:
3937:
3907:
3892:
3882:
3872:
3862:
3852:
3842:
3832:
3822:
3811:
3803:
3733:
3696:
3641:
3590:
3551:
3513:
3483:
3468:
3458:
3448:
3437:
3427:
3417:
3407:
3397:
3387:
3377:
3367:
3357:
3347:
3336:
3326:
3316:
3306:
3296:
3286:
3276:
3266:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3233:
3220:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3128:
3123:
3084:Jinguofortisidae
3082:
3063:Eoconfuciusornis
3038:
3007:
2990:
2982:
2919:
2903:
2892:
2881:
2871:
2861:
2850:
2840:
2830:
2819:
2808:
2798:
2790:
2786:
2750:
2724:
2678:
2584:
2539:
2524:
2514:
2503:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2470:
2457:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2384:Oviraptorosauria
2373:Oviraptorosauria
2371:
2366:
2307:Nanshiungosaurus
2237:
2214:Jianchangosaurus
2183:
2176:
2171:
2008:
1939:
1857:
1851:Alvarezsauroidea
1849:
1832:
1822:
1811:
1800:
1789:
1781:
1770:
1757:
1699:
1672:
1663:
1656:
1655:
1608:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1570:
1565:
1523:
1500:
1499:
1481:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1410:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1369:. pp. 1–96.
1358:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1310:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1259:
1253:
1248:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1145:
1126:from Madagascar"
1117:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1085:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1031:
1025:
1024:
986:
980:
979:
957:
946:
945:
921:
915:
906:
900:
892:
871:
869:Dinosaurs portal
866:
865:
864:
748:life restoration
414:
403:
310:
302:
260:
238:
231:
139:
138:
117:
107:
44:
29:Temporal range:
21:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4858:Maevarano fauna
4818:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4803:
4798:
4790:
4785:
4777:
4772:
4764:
4759:
4751:
4746:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4703:
4693:
4688:
4630:
4623:
4606:
4601:Tympanonesiotes
4594:Pseudodontornis
4557:Palaeochenoides
4478:Caspiodontornis
4462:Pelagornithidae
4453:
4414:
4370:
4312:
4289:
4257:
4233:
4206:
4189:
4163:
4143:
4105:
4047:
4042:Parahesperornis
4014:Asiahesperornis
3999:
3930:
3900:
3799:
3786:
3726:
3689:
3634:
3601:Archaeornithura
3583:
3544:
3506:
3476:
3259:Archaeorhynchus
3240:
3227:
3210:
3197:
3167:
3147:
3118:Ornithothoraces
3112:
3075:
3049:Changchengornis
3031:
3000:
2978:
2965:
2912:
2884:Anchiornithidae
2782:
2769:
2743:
2737:Dromaeosauridae
2726:Dromaeosauridae
2717:
2711:Anchiornithidae
2671:
2630:Liaoningvenator
2586:Anchiornithidae
2577:
2565:Scansoriopteryx
2532:
2477:
2464:
2447:
2410:
2390:
2347:
2342:Therizinosaurus
2278:
2226:
2221:Lingyuanosaurus
2178:Therizinosauria
2153:
2112:
2078:
2003:Parvicursorinae
1997:
1934:Alvarezsauridae
1928:
1853:
1841:
1777:
1764:
1735:
1715:
1688:
1682:Avemetatarsalia
1667:Avemetatarsalia
1657:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1597:
1526:
1511:
1508:
1506:Further reading
1503:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1096:(74): 367–368.
1083:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1033:
1032:
1028:
988:
987:
983:
976:
959:
958:
949:
923:
922:
918:
907:
903:
893:
889:
885:
867:
862:
860:
857:
792:Luis M. Chiappe
770:as described a
740:
694:Dromaeosauridae
682:dromaeosaurines
643:deinonychosaurs
578:
563:ontogenetically
430:
357:8656) found by
339:Late Cretaceous
283:
266:
237:
229:
133:
108:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
39:
38:
31:Late Cretaceous
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4896:
4894:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4820:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4796:
4783:
4770:
4757:
4744:
4729:
4713:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4644:Archaeornithes
4639:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4586:Protopelicanus
4582:
4575:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4550:Osteodontornis
4546:
4539:
4532:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4466:
4464:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4447:Dromornithidae
4443:
4436:
4427:
4425:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4383:
4381:
4379:Dromornithidae
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4357:
4354:Perplexicervix
4347:
4336:
4330:
4327:Incertae sedis
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4306:Pangalliformes
4299:
4297:
4295:Pangalliformes
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4276:
4274:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4247:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4220:
4218:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4133:
4126:
4118:
4116:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4081:
4073:
4064:
4062:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4009:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3947:
3941:
3939:Hesperornithes
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3921:
3913:
3911:
3909:Ichthyornithes
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3888:
3878:
3868:
3858:
3848:
3838:
3828:
3818:
3806:
3800:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3755:
3748:
3740:
3738:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3714:Similiyanornis
3710:
3702:
3700:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3664:
3656:
3647:
3645:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3596:
3594:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3573:
3565:
3557:
3555:
3553:Ambiortiformes
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3517:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3489:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3471:Zhongjianornis
3464:
3454:
3444:
3433:
3423:
3413:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3373:
3370:Jianchangornis
3363:
3353:
3343:
3332:
3322:
3312:
3302:
3292:
3282:
3272:
3262:
3251:
3241:
3236:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3157:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3141:Enantiornithes
3134:
3132:
3130:Enantiornithes
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3056:Confuciusornis
3052:
3044:
3042:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3019:Omnivoropteryx
3014:
3012:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2985:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2941:
2934:
2925:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2899:
2888:
2877:
2867:
2857:
2846:
2836:
2826:
2815:
2804:
2793:
2783:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2756:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2730:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2684:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2588:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2546:
2544:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2520:
2517:Pneumatoraptor
2510:
2499:
2488:
2478:
2473:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2377:
2375:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2314:Neimongosaurus
2310:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2195:
2186:
2180:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2073:Trierarchuncus
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1969:Bonapartenykus
1965:
1958:
1951:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1908:Shishugounykus
1904:
1897:
1890:
1887:Bonapartenykus
1883:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1828:
1818:
1807:
1796:
1784:
1778:
1773:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1675:
1669:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1626:
1620:
1611:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1540:(4): 712–722.
1524:
1522:(20): 41A–42A.
1507:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1440:
1381:
1372:
1350:
1296:
1275:(3545): 1–51.
1254:
1197:
1178:(4): 664–675.
1157:
1109:
1071:
1026:
981:
974:
947:
936:(2): 324–332.
916:
901:
886:
884:
881:
880:
879:
873:
872:
856:
853:
739:
736:
577:
576:Classification
574:
545:. Lacking the
429:
426:
316:
315:
314:
313:
308:Rahona ostromi
305:
292:
291:
285:
284:
267:
255:
254:
248:
247:
227:
223:
222:
217:
210:
209:
204:
197:
196:
191:
184:
183:
178:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
119:
118:
110:
109:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
45:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4895:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4806:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4749:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4697:
4685:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4664:Odontornithes
4662:
4660:
4659:Odontognathae
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4627:
4621:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4388:Barawertornis
4385:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4365:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4284:
4283:Anserimorphae
4280:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4272:Anserimorphae
4269:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4228:
4227:Palaeognathae
4224:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4216:Palaeognathae
4213:
4209:
4205:
4200:
4196:
4187:
4182:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4054:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3895:Tingmiatornis
3889:
3887:
3886:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3814:Antarcticavis
3808:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3793:
3783:
3782:
3781:Shuilingornis
3778:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3745:Changzuiornis
3742:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3698:Yanornithidae
3692:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3668:Songlingornis
3665:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3615:Longicrusavis
3612:
3610:
3609:
3608:Hongshanornis
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3494:Mengciusornis
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3485:Schizoouridae
3479:
3473:
3472:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3299:Changzuiornis
3293:
3291:
3290:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3279:Brevidentavis
3273:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3194:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:Cretaaviculus
2816:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2697:Archaeopteryx
2694:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2666:Yixianosaurus
2663:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2623:Fujianvenator
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2558:Epidexipteryx
2555:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2252:Beipiaosaurus
2249:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2172:
2168:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1984:Heptasteornis
1981:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1962:Alvarezsaurus
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:Achillesaurus
1944:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1865:Achillesaurus
1862:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1844:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:(5361): 179.
1043:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
993:
985:
982:
977:
971:
967:
963:
956:
954:
952:
948:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
920:
917:
914:
911:
905:
902:
899:
897:
891:
888:
882:
878:
875:
874:
870:
859:
854:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
837:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:Archaeopteryx
816:
808:
803:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
780:
775:
774:
769:
765:
762:represents a
761:
756:
749:
746:Hypothetical
744:
737:
735:
733:
729:
728:
723:
719:
715:
711:
710:
705:
704:
699:
695:
691:
688:as closer to
687:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:
658:
657:
652:
648:
644:
640:
635:
633:
632:Archaeopteryx
629:
625:
624:
623:Archaeopteryx
619:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
600:dromaeosaurid
597:
594:
590:
582:
575:
573:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
511:
507:
506:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
485:Archaeopteryx
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
439:
434:
427:
425:
423:
419:
415:
413:
408:
404:
402:
397:
393:
388:
386:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:Maastrichtian
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:
309:
306:
301:
300:
296:
295:
293:
290:
286:
281:
278:
274:
271:
265:
264:
256:
253:
249:
244:
241:
236:
235:
228:
225:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
125:
120:
116:
111:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
43:
40:72.1–66
36:
35:Maastrichtian
32:
26:
22:
19:
4708:
4674:Unenlagiidae
4599:
4592:
4584:
4577:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4536:Odontopteryx
4534:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4445:
4438:
4430:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4362:
4352:
4342:
4325:
4263:Galloanserae
4250:
4137:Lamarqueavis
4135:
4130:Cimolopteryx
4128:
4121:
4098:
4091:
4083:
4075:
4069:Australornis
4067:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
3992:
3987:Pasquiaornis
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3923:
3916:
3893:
3883:
3873:
3863:
3853:
3843:
3833:
3823:
3812:
3779:
3774:Khinganornis
3772:
3765:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3681:
3673:
3666:
3660:Piscivoravis
3658:
3650:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3575:
3567:
3560:
3539:Patagopteryx
3537:
3529:
3522:
3499:
3492:
3469:
3459:
3451:Xinghaiornis
3449:
3438:
3428:
3418:
3408:
3398:
3388:
3380:Jiuquanornis
3378:
3368:
3358:
3348:
3339:Gargantuavis
3337:
3327:
3317:
3307:
3297:
3289:Changmaornis
3287:
3277:
3267:
3257:
3196:
3107:Jinguofortis
3105:
3098:
3091:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3024:
3017:
2991:
2960:Neimengornis
2958:
2951:
2945:Jixiangornis
2943:
2936:
2930:Dalianraptor
2928:
2904:
2893:
2882:
2872:
2864:Yandangornis
2862:
2852:
2851:
2841:
2831:
2820:
2809:
2799:
2763:Troodontidae
2752:Troodontidae
2709:
2704:Wellnhoferia
2702:
2695:
2687:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2628:
2621:
2616:Eosinopteryx
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2526:
2525:
2515:
2506:Palaeopteryx
2504:
2494:
2435:
2361:Pennaraptora
2340:
2333:
2326:
2321:Nothronychus
2319:
2312:
2305:
2300:Erlikosaurus
2298:
2293:Erliansaurus
2291:
2273:Suzhousaurus
2271:
2266:Martharaptor
2264:
2259:Enigmosaurus
2257:
2250:
2243:
2219:
2212:
2206:Fukuivenator
2204:
2197:
2191:Eshanosaurus
2189:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2127:Albertonykus
2125:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:Ceratonykini
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2045:Nemegtonykus
2043:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1921:
1915:Tugulusaurus
1913:
1906:
1899:
1894:Haplocheirus
1892:
1885:
1878:
1870:
1863:
1833:
1825:Migmanychion
1823:
1812:
1803:Fukuivenator
1801:
1790:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1513:
1479:11336/135530
1453:
1449:
1443:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1318:
1312:
1299:
1270:
1263:Norell, M.A.
1257:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1175:
1169:
1143:10.26879/793
1133:
1129:
1123:
1093:
1087:
1074:
1041:
1035:
1029:
996:
990:
984:
961:
933:
929:
919:
909:
904:
895:
890:
848:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
812:
806:
795:
787:
783:
777:
773:nomen dubium
771:
767:
759:
754:
752:
738:Paleobiology
731:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:Jixiangornis
707:
701:
697:
685:
679:
674:
670:
666:
662:Buitreraptor
660:
654:
650:
647:Unenlagiinae
638:
636:
631:
621:
617:
616:
611:
588:
587:
571:
566:
555:neural canal
550:
539:Kem Kem Beds
527:
517:
503:
499:
495:
493:
484:
480:
476:
472:
448:
442:
417:
409:
398:
391:
389:
384:Nqwebasaurus
382:
379:dromaesaurid
374:
321:
320:
319:
307:
297:
279:
272:
262:
261:
252:Type species
242:
233:
232:
213:
200:
187:
174:
24:
18:
4733:Wikispecies
4571:Proceriavis
4543:Odontoptila
4499:Gigantornis
4409:Ilbandornis
4344:Asteriornis
4085:Neogaeornis
4035:Hesperornis
3966:Chupkaornis
3918:Ichthyornis
3683:Yixianornis
3629:Tianyuornis
3577:Palintropus
3524:Alamitornis
3410:Meemannavis
3390:Juehuaornis
3329:Eogranivora
3269:Bellulornis
3093:Chongmingia
2843:Overoraptor
2833:Fukuipteryx
2496:Imperobator
2335:Segnosaurus
2100:Ceratonykus
2059:Parvicursor
2030:Khulsanurus
2023:Jaculinykus
1991:Patagonykus
1901:Patagonykus
1835:Yaverlandia
1775:Maniraptora
1762:Maniraptora
1721:Maniraptora
1600:Maniraptora
836:Microraptor
727:Overoraptor
604:quill knobs
547:pleurocoels
447:remains of
422:John Ostrom
4822:Categories
4642:See also:
4564:Pelagornis
4432:Brontornis
4239:Neognathae
4158:see below↓
4123:Ceramornis
4093:Polarornis
4060:Vegaviidae
4028:Fumicollis
3994:Potamornis
3980:Judinornis
3973:Enaliornis
3797:Ornithurae
3707:Abitusavis
3501:Schizooura
3461:Yumenornis
3420:Platanavis
3400:Kaririavis
3360:Horezmavis
3309:Chaoyangia
3238:Euornithes
3225:Euornithes
3162:see below↓
3153:Euornithes
3100:Cratonavis
2976:Pygostylia
2953:Kompsornis
2938:Jeholornis
2874:Zhongornis
2801:Alcmonavis
2689:Alcmonavis
2659:Xiaotingia
2652:Serikornis
2595:Anchiornis
2551:Ambopteryx
2405:see below↓
2245:Alxasaurus
2134:Linhenykus
2118:Mononykini
2107:Xixianykus
2066:Qiupanykus
2052:Ondogurvel
2016:Dzharaonyx
1977:Bradycneme
1955:Alnashetri
1730:see below↓
1633:Dinosauria
1363:Anchiornis
966:UNSW Press
964:. Sydney:
883:References
849:R. ostromi
845:deltoideus
703:Jeholornis
536:Cenomanian
528:R. ostromi
510:lymantriid
469:titanosaur
445:fossilized
418:R. ostromi
387:in 2000.
351:Madagascar
194:Saurischia
181:Dinosauria
4828:Paravians
4739:Rahonavis
4709:Rahonavis
4669:Sauriurae
4649:Carinatae
4485:Cyphornis
4471:Aequornis
4440:Gastornis
4402:Genyornis
4395:Dromornis
3952:Baptornis
3885:Limenavis
3865:Iaceornis
3855:Guildavis
3845:Gallornis
3835:Cerebavis
3825:Apatornis
3735:Gansuidae
3569:Apsaravis
3562:Ambiortus
3531:Kuszholia
3026:Sapeornis
2853:Rahonavis
2645:Pedopenna
2527:Rahonavis
2199:Falcarius
2141:Mononykus
2093:Albinykus
1923:Xiyunykus
1792:Elopteryx
1709:Theropoda
1694:Theropoda
1642:Theropoda
1616:Kingdom:
1496:218913199
1417:2167-8359
1401:: e7247.
1290:2246/5823
1152:221507083
1066:220097569
831:Rahonavis
827:Rahonavis
823:Rahonavis
815:Rahonavis
807:Rahonavis
788:Rahonavis
784:Rahonavis
760:Rahonavis
755:Rahonavis
732:Rahonavis
722:Rahonavis
718:Rahonavis
698:Rahonavis
686:Rahonavis
675:Unenlagia
671:Unenlagia
667:Rahonavis
656:Unenlagia
651:Rahonavis
639:Rahonavis
618:Rahonavis
612:Rahonavis
589:Rahonavis
567:Rahonavis
551:Rahonavis
549:found in
496:Rahonavis
481:Rahonavis
477:Rahonavis
473:Rahonavis
465:Berivotra
449:Rahonavis
392:Rahonavis
390:The name
375:Rahonavis
367:Berivotra
337:from the
322:Rahonavis
275:, 1998a)
234:Rahonavis
207:Theropoda
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
25:Rahonavis
4753:47446345
4718:Wikidata
4684:Category
4492:Dasornis
4364:Qinornis
4021:Canadaga
3959:Brodavis
3767:Iteravis
3759:Hollanda
3721:Yanornis
3675:Yanornis
3652:Hollanda
3350:Hollanda
3319:Dingavis
3070:Yangavis
2994:Proornis
2638:Ostromia
2602:Aurornis
2148:Shuvuuia
1880:Bannykus
1624:Chordata
1622:Phylum:
1618:Animalia
1488:32468191
1435:31333906
1345:17823350
1245:27078534
1237:16222297
1192:11576813
855:See also
692:than to
459:and the
396:Malagasy
335:theropod
289:Synonyms
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
4792:4946117
4779:1198883
4766:3238980
4724:Q131167
4506:Laornis
4252:Neoaves
4100:Vegavis
3925:Janavis
3440:Wyleyia
2780:Avialae
2609:Caihong
2475:Paraves
2462:Paraves
2396:Paraves
1562:4524040
1542:Bibcode
1458:Bibcode
1426:6626525
1323:Bibcode
1314:Science
1217:Bibcode
1046:Bibcode
1037:Science
1021:9506938
1001:Bibcode
992:Science
764:chimera
690:Avialae
606:on its
596:Avialae
543:Morocco
282:, 1998b
277:Forster
270:Forster
245:, 1998b
240:Forster
226:Genus:
220:Paraves
4077:Maaqwi
3875:Kookne
3752:Gansus
3430:Vorona
2811:Balaur
1814:Kakuru
1560:
1494:
1486:
1433:
1423:
1415:
1343:
1243:
1235:
1208:Nature
1190:
1150:
1064:
1019:
972:
768:Rahona
628:pelvis
532:Albian
505:Rahona
500:Rahona
401:rahona
333:-like
299:Rahona
280:et al.
273:et al.
243:et al.
4805:64132
4774:IRMNG
1872:Aorun
1647:Clade
1638:Clade
1629:Clade
1558:JSTOR
1492:S2CID
1395:PeerJ
1309:(PDF)
1241:S2CID
1188:S2CID
1148:S2CID
1084:(PDF)
1062:S2CID
714:et al
593:clade
559:genus
513:moths
489:raven
407:Latin
327:genus
325:is a
214:Clade
201:Clade
188:Clade
175:Clade
4761:GBIF
4528:Manu
4304:see
4281:see
4225:see
3139:see
2761:see
2735:see
2382:see
1707:see
1680:see
1484:PMID
1431:PMID
1413:ISSN
1341:PMID
1233:PMID
1017:PMID
970:ISBN
839:, a
706:and
659:and
608:ulna
457:SUNY
443:The
412:avis
331:bird
48:PreꞒ
4748:EoL
2037:Kol
1550:doi
1532:".
1474:hdl
1466:doi
1454:107
1421:PMC
1403:doi
1331:doi
1319:317
1285:hdl
1277:doi
1225:doi
1213:437
1180:doi
1138:doi
1098:doi
1054:doi
1042:280
1009:doi
997:279
938:doi
841:bat
677:.
541:in
534:to
524:NMC
347:mya
329:of
4824::
4802::
4789::
4776::
4763::
4750::
4735::
4720::
2572:Yi
1649::
1640::
1631::
1556:.
1548:.
1538:19
1536:.
1518:.
1490:.
1482:.
1472:.
1464:.
1452:.
1429:.
1419:.
1411:.
1397:.
1393:.
1353:^
1339:.
1329:.
1317:.
1311:.
1283:.
1269:.
1239:.
1231:.
1223:.
1211:.
1186:.
1176:40
1174:.
1160:^
1146:.
1134:23
1132:.
1128:.
1112:^
1092:.
1086:.
1060:.
1052:.
1040:.
1015:.
1007:.
995:.
968:.
950:^
934:20
932:.
928:.
851:.
569:.
515:.
491:.
424:.
373:.
369:,
355:UA
216::
203::
190::
177::
98:Pg
42:Ma
37:)
4589:?
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4531:?
4509:?
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4450:?
4435:?
4420:†
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4367:?
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4340:†
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4080:?
4072:?
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3936:†
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3686:?
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3655:?
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3467:†
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3406:†
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3325:†
3315:†
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3265:†
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3127:†
3081:†
3037:†
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3006:†
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2797:†
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2633:?
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1950:?
1918:?
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1799:†
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1788:†
1592:e
1585:t
1578:v
1564:.
1552::
1544::
1520:3
1498:.
1476::
1468::
1460::
1437:.
1405::
1399:7
1347:.
1333::
1325::
1293:.
1287::
1279::
1252:.
1247:.
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1194:.
1182::
1154:.
1140::
1106:.
1100::
1094:2
1068:.
1056::
1048::
1023:.
1011::
1003::
978:.
944:.
940::
522:(
341:(
268:(
259:†
230:†
103:N
93:K
88:J
83:T
78:P
73:C
68:D
63:S
58:O
53:Ꞓ
33:(
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