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69:, where he studied in 1821-24." Raphall married Rachel Goldston on August 3, 1825 and they had five children (Alfred, James, Esther, Charles, and Isabella). Rachel was one of seven children of Manasseh Goldston (also known as Goldstein and Goulston). In February 1827 Raphall was named as a defendant in an insurance fraud case involving a fire at a fur shop owned by his brother in law Noah Goldston. Raphall was found guilty and sentenced to 18 months prison. He devoted himself to the study of languages, for the better acquisition of which he subsequently traveled in
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But I stand here as a teacher in Israel; not to place before you my own feelings and opinions, but to propound to you the word of God, the Bible view of slavery.... The slave is a person...he has rights. Whereas, the heathen view of slavery which...I am sorry to say, is adopted in the South, reduces the slave to a thing, and a thing has no rights."
224:
must be returned to their owners; the Bible contains many regulations about how slaves should be treated. "My friends, I find, and I am sorry to find, that I am delivering a pro-slavery discourse. I am no friend to slavery in the abstract, and still less friendly to the practical workings of slavery.
204:
issued a proclamation...appointing
January 4th, 1861, as a national fast day, on which prayers for the preservation of the Union were to be offered throughout the country." Speeches or sermons were given in many places that day. Raphall took the opportunity to deliver his views on slavery at his
216:"e took the square stand that Judaism sanctioned slavery and that the institution was morally right." The Tenth Commandment (Exodus 20:17) prohibits coveting your neighbor's male or female slave; Noah condemned his son Ham to slavery (Genesis 9:25); all the
247:
Einhorn and
Heilprin, concerned that Raphall's position would be seen as the official policy of American Judaism, vigorously disputed his arguments, and argued that slavery – as practiced in the South – was immoral and not endorsed by Judaism.
30:
240:. At "the invitation of a number of leading gentleman of this city", he repeated his talk a week later as a public lecture (tickets required), and by February 1 it was advertised for sale as a 20-page pamphlet,
65:, where he was educated at the Hebrew grammar school. "He was educated for the Jewish ministry in the college of his faith in Copenhagen, in England, where he went in 1812, and afterward in the
213:
is saved from destruction (by God) since the residents heeded the warning of Jonah. Raphall's position was that if both sides would heed the Bible, the upcoming calamity could be avoided.
163:
congregation, at the time called the Greene Street
Synagogue. He continued there until 1866, his duties then being relaxed owing to his poor health. He died in New York on June 23, 1868.
663:
49:, Sweden. From 1849 until his death he resided in the United States. He is most remembered for having declared, on the eve of the Civil War, that the Bible and God endorse slavery.
128:, he traveled to Syria to aid in the investigation, and published a refutation of it in four languages (Hebrew, English, French, and German). He also wrote a defense of
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970:
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175:, prominent Jewish religious leaders in the United States engaged in public debates, usually in writing, about slavery. Generally, rabbis from the
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that the record shows that New York's Jews were overwhelmingly pro-slavery and on the wrong side of history regarding slavery and the Civil War.
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699:"Bible View of Slavery. A Discourse Delivered at the Jewish Synagogue, New York, on the Day of the National Fast, Jan. 4, 1861"
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opposed slavery, but there were many exceptions. The most notable debate was between
Raphall, who endorsed slavery, and
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191:, two more liberal rabbis who opposed it. 150 years after emancipation, Ken Yellis and Richard Kreitner wrote in
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the first Jewish periodical in
England; he was forced to discontinue it in 1836 owing to ill health.
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255:, Vol. VI, 1861, p. 2-22; it was immediately published in English translation as a pamphlet,
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and master of the school. He continued in these capacities for eight years, and then sailed for
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Benjamin, Judah P. (1993). "Slavery and the Civil War: Part II". In Marcus, Jacob Rader (ed.).
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576:"David Einhorn's Response to 'A Biblical View of Slavery' [translated from German]"
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741:"Rev. Dr. Raphall's Discourse. His opinion of slavery and of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher"
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The Rev. Dr. M. J. Raphall's Bible View of
Slavery, reviewed by the Rev. E. Einhorn,
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109:
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Strangers & neighbors: relations between Blacks & Jews in the United States
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136:. Raphall was also the author of a text-book of the post-Biblical history of the
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551:"Upheaval, Innovation, and Transformation: New York City Jews and the Civil War"
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85:(Germany). After lecturing on Hebrew poetry in 1834 he began to publish the
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486:
The Jews in
America: four centuries of an uneasy encounter : a history
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in 1849. That year, he gave a series of lectures on biblical poetry at the
661:
Kohler, Max J. (1897). "The Jews and the
American Anti-Slavery Movement".
57:
At the age of nine
Raphall was taken by his father, who was banker to the
415:
125:
873: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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603:
What went wrong?: the creation and collapse of the Black-Jewish
Alliance
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129:
113:
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618:"Jews Mostly Supported Slavery — Or Kept Silent — During Civil War"
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His discourse was published the next day on the first page of the
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B'nai Jeshurun Synagogue. Raphall took as his point of departure
258:
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120:, of which only the first volume appeared. In 1840, when the
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Fast day sermons; or, The pulpit on the state of the country
639:"The Powerful Example Of The Jewish Abolitionists We Forgot"
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As "the dissolution of the Union more and more imminent
96:, chief rabbi of Great Britain. He made translations from
112:
he published a translation of eighteen treatises of the
664:
Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society
159:, and was appointed rabbi and preacher of Manhattan's
320:"Person Details – Synagogue Scribes Jewish Genealogy"
87:
Hebrew Review, and Magazine of Rabbinical Literature,
459:
United States Jewry, 1776-1985: The Germanic Period
251:Einhorn replied in his German-language publication
705:. New York: Rudd & Carleton. pp. 227–246.
513:
262:, New York, 1861. Michael Heilprin replied in the
431:This Land of Liberty: A History of America's Jews
92:For some time he acted as honorary secretary to
488:. Columbia University Press. pp. 111–113.
8:
837:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
801:"Michael Heilprin's Anti-Slavery Editorial"
717:"The Rev. Dr. Raphael [sic], Rabbi"
296:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
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365:Devizes and Wiltshire Gazette, 22 Feb 1827
132:against an anonymous writer in the London
862:Raphall's Bible View of Slavery, reviewed
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147:In 1841 he was appointed minister of the
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81:. He received the Ph.D. degree from the
41:(October 3, 1798 – June 23, 1868) was a
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690:
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686:
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408:"Popular Lectures On Biblical Poetry".
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845:Rock, Howard B. (September 19, 2012).
637:Kreitner, Richard (January 30, 2015).
433:. Behrman House, Inc. pp. 90–92.
236:; it was reported on at length in the
605:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 25–26.
116:; he also began a translation of the
7:
1011:Jewish American non-fiction writers
971:19th-century American male writers
882:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "
582:. Vol. 6. 1861. pp. 2–22
179:supported slavery, and those from
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976:19th-century English male writers
941:American male non-fiction writers
921:English people of Swedish descent
840:. Vol. V. 1900. p. 183.
522:University of Massachusetts Press
309:1850 United States Federal Census
299:. Vol. V. 1900. p. 183.
892:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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558:American Jewish Archives Journal
429:Kenvin, Helene Schwartz (1986).
725:. January 5, 1861. pp. 1,
847:"New York's Pro-Slavery Rabbi"
789:. February 1, 1861. p. 2.
769:. January 14, 1861. p. 8.
418:. 30 November 1849. p. 2.
1:
946:American proslavery activists
831:"Raphall, Morris Jacob"
749:. January 5, 1861. p. 3.
564:: 1–2, 7–9, 11–13, 16, 20–26.
290:"Raphall, Morris Jacob"
981:19th-century English writers
966:19th-century Swedish writers
951:19th-century American rabbis
616:Yellis, Ken (July 1, 2013).
463:Wayne State University Press
209:2:3–4, in which the city of
916:19th-century Swedish clergy
906:19th-century English rabbis
171:In the years preceding the
108:; conjointly with the Rev.
34:Morris Jacob Raphall (1850)
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484:Hertzberg, Arthur (1998).
27:American rabbi (1798–1868)
1006:Jewish American activists
961:19th-century Swedish Jews
956:Swedish magazine founders
601:Friedman, Murray (2007).
512:Adams, Maurianne (1999).
242:The Bible View of Slavery
1001:Jewish British activists
549:Rock, Howard B. (2012).
234:New York Evening Express
889:The Jewish Encyclopedia
697:Raphall, M. J. (1861).
391:"Raphall, Morris Jacob"
926:Writers from Stockholm
83:University of Erlangen
35:
884:Raphall, Morris Jacob
766:New York Daily Herald
722:New York Daily Herald
67:University of Giessen
33:
986:Swedish male writers
786:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
761:"The Lecture Season"
411:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
324:synagoguescribes.com
266:, January 11, 1861.
149:Birmingham Synagogue
39:Morris Jacob Raphall
395:Jewish Encyclopedia
220:owned slaves; most
45:and author born in
805:Jewish-History.com
781:"Fast Day Sermons"
465:. pp. 13–34.
346:Manasseh Goldstein
173:American Civil War
157:Brooklyn Institute
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996:English activists
991:Swedish activists
94:Solomon Herschell
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167:Views on slavery
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644:The Forward
623:The Forward
524:. pp.
194:The Forward
900:Categories
471:0814344712
353:2022-03-29
330:2022-03-29
270:References
218:Patriarchs
118:Pentateuch
98:Maimonides
63:Copenhagen
181:the North
53:Biography
47:Stockholm
673:43058622
586:July 25,
389:(1906).
232:and the
202:Buchanan
126:Damascus
877::
526:190–194
211:Ninevah
130:Judaism
114:Mishnah
79:Belgium
75:Germany
18:Raphall
852:Tablet
810:18 May
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104:, and
77:, and
71:France
669:JSTOR
580:Sinai
554:(PDF)
253:Sinai
207:Jonah
134:Times
61:, to
43:rabbi
812:2019
588:2019
562:LXIV
530:ISBN
490:ISBN
467:OCLC
435:ISBN
259:D.D.
187:and
142:C.E.
138:Jews
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