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cheek markings do not cross over the bridge of the nose, the top of the nose should remain black. The markings on the face should move down onto the dog's throat. On the chest, a
Rottweiler will have two downward-facing triangular marks. On each front leg, the marks will stretch from the forearm to the toes. On the hind legs, the markings will begin on the inside and move outward onto the stifle, then out onto the hock stretching to the toes as well. AKC standards recognize that the black base color is not completely voided on the rear pasterns. There is a patch of rust or mahogany underneath the tail that resembles a triangle as well. A thin strip of black should be present on each of the Rottweiler's toes.
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region of
Rottweil, these dogs met and mixed with the native dogs in a natural crossing. The main task of the Rottweiler now became the driving and guarding of the herds of cattle and the defence of their masters and their property. This breed acquired its name from the old free city of Rottweil and was known as the "Rottweil butcher's dog". The butchers bred this type of dog purely for performance and usefulness. In due course, a first rate watch and driving dog evolved which could also be used as a draught dog.
829:, in July 2009. He located the attacker and his victim in thick scrub, chased off the attacker, led his owner to the scene, then stood guard over the victim until the police arrived. The attacker was convicted of serious sexual assault and jailed for four years. Jake was nominated by police for the bravery award and medallion after the incident. Det. Con Clive Leftwich, from the Coventry police station, said: "From our point of view Jake the Rottweiler stopped a serious sexual assault from becoming even worse."
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764:(CCLD) with 8.29% of dogs having the condition compared to an overall rate of 2.55%. For dogs diagnosed with both conditions the Rottweiler once again had the second highest prevalence with 1.34% having both hip dysplasia and CCLD compared to 0.3% overall. Another American study of over a million and a quarter of a million hip and elbow evaluation records in dogs over the age of 2 years found a prevalence of 20.1% for hip dysplasia and 38.1% for
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disqualification in the show ring. While walking, the
Rottweiler's legs, both front and hind, should move in a straight forward and backward manner. As with the straight movement of the legs, the path the Rottweiler moves in should also be straight. The Rottweiler's gait is all about balance and effectiveness as the breed is still used as a herder today.
411:. In 1966, a separate register was opened for the breed. In fact, in the mid-1990s, the popularity of the Rottweiler reached an all-time high, as it was the most registered dog by the American Kennel Club. In 2017, the American Kennel Club ranked the Rottweiler as the eighth-most popular purebred dog in the United States.
589:
the undercoat. Rottweiler coats tend to be low maintenance, although they experience heavy shedding before their seasons (females) or seasonally (males). According to
American Kennel Club breed standards, a Rottweiler's coat is short and straight. A coat that is long or wavy is considered a flaw to the AKC.
506:
Faults: Hound-type head. Narrow, light too short, long, coarse or excessively molossoid head; excessively broad skull, (lack of stop, too little stop or too strong stop). Very deep frontal groove. Foreface long, pointed or too short muzzle (any muzzle shorter than 40 percent of the length of the head
669:
The
Rottweiler has a reasonably good natural balance, force-barks when necessary, and when working cattle uses a very intimidating charge. There is a natural change in forcefulness when herding sheep. When working cattle, it may use its body and shoulders and for this reason should be used on horned
502:
Upper and lower jaw strong and broad. Strong, complete dentition (42 teeth) with scissor bite, the upper incisors overlapping the lower incisors. The eyes should be of medium size, almond-shaped and dark brown in colour. The eyelids are close fitting and should not droop. The ears are medium-sized,
634:
A 2008 study surveying breed club members found that while
Rottweilers were average in aggressiveness (bites or bite attempts) towards owners and other dogs, it indicated they tend to be more aggressive than average toward strangers. This aggression appears correlated with watchdog and territorial
560:
When seen from behind, the rear legs are straight and not too close together. When standing free, obtuse angles are formed between the dog's upper thigh and the hip bone, the upper thigh and the lower thigh, and the lower thigh and metatarsal. The upper thigh is moderately long, broad and strongly
556:
When seen from the front, the front legs are straight and not placed close to each other. The forearm, seen from the side, stands straight and vertical. The slope of the shoulder blade is about 45 degrees. The shoulders are well laid back. The upper arm is close fitting to the body. The forearm is
526:
The back is straight, strong and firm. The loins are short, strong and deep. The croup is broad, of medium length, and slightly rounded, neither flat nor falling away. The chest is roomy, broad and deep (approximately 50% of the shoulder height) with a well-developed forechest and well sprung ribs.
588:
The coat consists of an outer coat and an undercoat. The outer coat is of medium length, coarse, dense and flat. The undercoat should be present on the neck and thighs. The undercoat must not show through the outer coat. Rottweilers living in hot climates may have acclimatised and may be missing
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gives the following description of the
Rottweiler standard: "Rottweiler breeders aim at a dog of abundant strength, black coated with clearly defined rich tan markings, whose powerful appearance does not lack nobility and which is exceptionally well suited to being a companion, service, rescue and
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The
Rottweiler often carries the head on an even plane with the back, or carries the head up but with the neck and shoulders lowered. Some females lower the entire front end slightly when using their eyes. Males also do this when working far off the stock in an open field. This is rarely seen in
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The
American Kennel Club calls for mahogany or rust-colored markings that do not take up more than ten percent of the dog's body color. All Rottweilers standard to AKC specifications have one mahogany dot above each eye on the inner brow ridge, on the cheeks, one strip on each side of the snout;
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The
Rottweiler nose is well developed, more broad than round, with relatively large nostrils and always black. The muzzle should appear neither elongated nor shortened in relation to the cranial region. The ratio between the length of the muzzle and the length of the skull is about 1 to 1.5. The
358:
According to the FCI Standard, the Rottweiler is considered to be one of the oldest surviving dog breeds. Its origin goes back to Roman times. These dogs were kept as herder or driving dogs. They marched over the Alps with the Roman legions, protecting the humans and driving their cattle. In the
1566:
Roccaro, Mariana; Salini, Romolo; Pietra, Marco; Sgorbini, Micaela; Gori, Eleonora; Dondi, Maurizio; Crisi, Paolo E.; Conte, Annamaria; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Podaliri, Michele; Ciaramella, Paolo; Di Palma, Cristina; Passantino, Annamaria; Porciello, Francesco; Gianella, Paola; Guglielmini, Carlo;
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According to the American Kennel Council the traditional gait of a Rottweiler is a trot. Therefore, the Rottweiler is a trotter. Trotting in this breed is by no means a fault and is required. This movement comes naturally to the Rottweiler and should appear as such; any deviation may lead to a
2090:. German edition Published by Allgemeiner Deutscher Rottweiller – Klub (ADRK) E.V. 1967 English edition published jointly by Colonial Rottweiler Club & Medallion Rottweiler Club – Sept 1969. 1981 Printing (updated) – Published by Powderhorn Press 3320 Wonderview Plaza, Hollywood, CA90068.
389:) on 27 April 1915 and eventually became the IRK (International Rottweiler Club). The DRK counted around 500 Rottweilers, and the SDRK 3,000 Rottweilers. The goals of the two clubs were different. The DRK aimed to produce working dogs and did not emphasise the morphology of the Rottweiler.
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The lips are black and close fitting with the corner of the mouth not visible. The gums should be black, or as dark as possible. Both the upper and lower jaws are strong and broad. According to the FCI Standard Rottweilers should have strong and complete dentition (42 teeth) with
539:
In natural condition, strong, level in extension of the upper line; while paying attention, when excited or while moving it can be carried upward in a light curve; at ease it may be hanging. While positioned along the leg, the tail reaches approximately to the hocks or is a bit
718:. A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 9 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall. A survey of breed club members found the most common cause of death in the Rottweiler to be cancer, with more than 45% of deaths in the breed being attributed to cancers.
713:
A 2022 study in England of patient records found the average life expectancy of the Rottweiler to be 8 years, lower than the average of 12 years. A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 10.6 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for
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The colour and markings of a Rottweiler are very distinctive. According to the FCI Standard a Rottweiler is always "black with clearly defined markings of a rich tan on the cheeks, muzzle, throat, chest and legs, as well as over both eyes and under the base of the tail"
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According to the American Kennel Club, Rottweilers have a natural gathering style with a strong desire to control. They generally show a loose eye and have a great amount of force while working well off the stock. They make much use of their ability to intimidate.
486:
The skull is of medium length, relatively broad between the ears. The forehead line is moderately arched as seen from the side, with the occipital bone well developed without being conspicuous. The stop is relatively strong. Frontal groove not too deep.
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pendant, triangular, wide apart, and set high on the head. With the ears laid forward close to the head, the skull appears to be broadened. The skin on the head is tight fitting overall. When the dog is alert, the forehead may be slightly wrinkled.
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muscled. The lower thigh is long, strongly and broadly muscled, sinewy. The hocks are sturdy, well-angulated, not steep. The hind feet are slightly longer than the front feet. Toes are strong, arched, as tight as the front feet.
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for males, 56–63 cm (22–25 in) for females, and the weight must be between 50 and 60 kg (110 and 132 lbs) for males and 35 and 48 kg (77 and 105 lbs) for females. Weight must be relative to height.
547:
Although once "preferred" in early Standards, in 2018 the FCI Standard was amended to classify the Natural Bob Tail (aka "Stumpy") as a "Disqualifying Fault" along with "kink tail, ring-tail, with strong lateral deviation."
507:
is too short). split nose; Roman nose (convex nasal bridge) or dish-faced (concave nasal bridge); aquiline nose, pale or spotted nose (butterfly nose). Pincer bite. Molars of the underjaw not standing in one line.
1687:
Witsberger, Tige H.; Villamil, J. Armando; Schultz, Loren G.; Hahn, Allen W.; Cook, James L. (15 June 2008). "Prevalence of and risk factors for hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs".
1935:
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Kaneene, JB, Mostosky UV, Miller R. "Update of a retrospective cohort study of changes in hip joint phenotype of dogs evaluated by the OFA in the United States, 1989–2003", Vet Surg 2009;38:398–405,
1799:
Glickman, Lawrence T.; Glickman, Nita W.; Pérez, Cynthia M.; Schellenberg, Diana B.; Lantz, Gary C. (1 May 1994). "Analysis of risk factors for gastric dilatation and dilatation-volvulus in dogs".
544:
Historically the tail was traditionally docked at the first or second joint. However, docking is now banned in most countries and this is reflected in the FCI Country of Origin Breed Standard.
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If worked on the same stock for any length of time, the Rottweiler tends to develop a bond with the stock and will become quite affectionate with them as long as they do as it directs.
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strongly developed and muscular. Pasterns are slightly springy, strong but not steep. The front feet are round, tight and well arched, the pads hard, nails are short, black and strong.
1764:
Sartor, Angela J.; Bentley, Adrienne M.; Brown, Dorothy C. (15 May 2013). "Association between previous splenectomy and gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs: 453 cases (2004–2009)".
642:, Joan H. Walker states that "The Rottweiler is very territorial", meaning that the owner will have to regularly work with the dog to control its territorial aggressiveness.
673:
The Rottweiler, when working cattle, searches out the dominant animal and challenges it. Upon proving its control over that animal it settles back and tends to its work.
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The Rottweiler is a trotting dog. In movement the back remains firm and relatively stable. Movement harmonious, steady full of energy and unrestricted, with good stride.
1004:
421:
170:
2717:
1610:
Adams, V. J.; Evans, K. M.; Sampson, J.; Wood, J. L. N. (1 October 2010). "Methods and mortality results of a health survey of purebred dogs in the UK".
760:, with 10.53% of dogs having the condition compared to 3.52% overall. This same study found the Rottweiler to also have the second highest prevalence of
756:
An American study reviewing over a million cases presented to 27 veterinary teaching hospitals in North America found the Rottweiler to be prediposed to
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Fédération Cynologique Internationale-Standard N° 147/ 19. 06. 2000 / GB The Rottweiler. Translated by – Mrs C. Seidler Country of Origin – Germany.
817:
In an event widely reported by the media, a two-year-old UK Rottweiler named Jake owned by Liz Maxted-Bluck was recognised for his bravery by the
385:), the first Rottweiler club in Germany, was founded on 13 January 1914, and followed by the creation of the Süddeutscher Rottweiler-Klub (SDRK,
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1363:
Liimatainen, R.; Liinamo, A.-E.; Ojala, M. (July 2008). "Genetic and environmental factors affecting behavior test results in Rottweilers".
2065:, 3rd revised and updated edition, Internationale Foederation der Rottweilerfreunde (IFR) Wilhelmitenstr. 15a, 46354 Borken, Germany, 2008
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1517:
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024).
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One study published in 2008 found that male Rottweilers have higher confidence, sharpness, and defense and play drives than females.
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2017:
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When working with sheep, the Rottweiler shows a gathering/fetching style and reams directions easily. It drives sheep with ease.
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Technically a "medium / large" breed, according to the FCI standard the Rottweiler stands 61–69 cm (24–27 in) at the
864:
499:, the upper incisors closely overlapping the lower incisors. The zygomatic arches should be pronounced (but not exaggerated).
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The neck is strong, of fair length, well-muscled, slightly arched, clean, free from throatiness, without excessive dewlap.
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684:, and others. Rottweilers use their bodies to physically force the stubborn animal to do its bidding if necessary.
821:. The dog was out walking with his owner when they heard screams. Jake chased off a man as he molested a woman on
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2051:, Volume 12 Number 1 & 2, Jan/Feb 2009 Breed Feature "Bernese Mountain Dogs, Leonbergers & Rottweilers".
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The Rottweiler is also exceptionally suited for and is commonly used in many dog sports including Agility and
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396:) in 1921. This was officially recorded in the register of clubs and associations at the district court of
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Some growers have found that Rottweilers are especially suited to move stubborn stock that simply ignore
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The various German Rottweiler Clubs amalgamated to form the Allgemeiner Deutscher Rottweiler Klub (ADRK,
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378:, Rottweilers saw service in various roles, including as messenger, ambulance, draught, and guard dogs.
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804:, have portrayed Rottweilers in a positive light. They are also featured in the children's book series
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Duffy, Deborah L.; Hsu, Yuying; Serpell, James A. (2008). "Breed differences in canine aggression".
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327:. Although still used to herd stock in many parts of the world, Rottweilers are now also used as
1936:"Rottweiler Dog Facts: 10 fun and fascinating facts about the adorable Rottweiler breed of dog"
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1725:"Long-term genetic selection reduced prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia in 60 dog breeds"
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on 27 January 1924. The ADRK is recognised worldwide as the home club of the Rottweiler.
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O’Neill, D. G.; Church, D. B.; McGreevy, P. D.; Thomson, P. C.; Brodbelt, D. C. (2013).
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1254:, 3rd ed., Borken, Germany: Internationale Föderation der Rottweilerfreunde, 2008.
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1971:
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Alborali, Giovanni L.; Rota Nodari, Sara; Sabatelli, Sonia; Peli, Angelo (2024).
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The Rottweiler is often portrayed in media as being dangerous or aggressive.
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However, "sluggish action while trotting" is considered a "Severe Fault".
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291:, regarded as medium-to-large or large. The dogs were known in German as
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1461:"Breed Feature: Bernese Mountain Dogs, Leonbergers & Rottweilers",
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is a skin condition found in red point dogs such as the Rottweiler.
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nasal bridge is straight, broad at the base and moderately tapered.
1723:
Oberbauer, A. M.; Keller, G. G.; Famula, T. R. (24 February 2017).
1519:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
370:, which led to a revival of interest in the Rottweiler. During the
2169:
1365:
Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research
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The Rottweiler is prone to several skin conditions these include:
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1772:(10). American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA): 1381–1384.
1696:(12). American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA): 1818–1824.
1807:(9). American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA): 1465–1471.
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Severe Faults: Too molossoid type and heavy general appearance.
316:
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2133:
1662:
Rhodes, Karen Helton; Werner, Alexander H. (25 January 2011).
288:
258:
232:
1664:
Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion
1569:"Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy"
2447:
1834:
Knight-Ridder/Tribune, Deborah Lawson (20 September 1992).
1637:
Hnilica, Keith A.; Patterson, Adam P. (19 September 2016).
666:
males when working in confined spaces such as stock yards.
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to market. This continued until the mid-19th century when
217:
403:
In 1931, the Rottweiler was officially recognised by the
16:
This article is about the dog breed. For other uses, see
1972:"Rottweiler honoured for stopping Coventry sex attacker"
775:. However another study did not find a predisposition.
1801:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
1766:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
1690:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
223:
1125:. Australian National Kennel Council. Archived from
433:
Anatomy of the Rottweiler (see left for description)
407:. In 1936, Rottweilers were exhibited in Britain at
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1283:, 'The American Kennel Club', Retrieved 29 May 2014
771:One study found the Rottweiler to be prediposed to
627:
A litter of seven Rottweiler puppies at 3 weeks old
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128:
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110:
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61:
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1477:"Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England"
1735:(2). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e0172918.
1854:"Rottweilers can be friends, therapy dogs, too"
1334:
1332:
1330:
1199:"THING; Have You Hugged Your Rottweiler Today?"
571:
537:
2088:Studies in the Breed History of the Rottweiler
1529:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
1465:, vol. 12, nos. 1&2 (Jan/Feb 2009), p. 12.
1265:Studies in The Breed History of The Rottweiler
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1313:"Most Popular Dog Breeds – Full Ranking List"
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1666:. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 58.
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70:
36:
27:
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1340:"AKC Official Standard of the Rottweiler"
786:Some films and television shows, such as
1911:"Rottweiler sinks its teeth into crime"
1192:
1190:
1188:
996:
836:
304:' dogs, because their main use was to
2002:A Dog Owner's Guide to the Rottweiler
422:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
270:
171:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
7:
2093:Yrjola, J. A. U. & Tikka, Elvi.
768:, the second highest in the study.
762:cranial cruciate ligament deficiency
381:The Deutscher Rottweiler-Klub (DRK,
124:Double-coated, short, hard and thick
2049:'"National Dog – The Ringleader Way
132:Black and tan or black and mahogany
14:
2718:Dog breeds originating in Germany
2070:Rottweilers: an owner's companion
2012:, Ringpress Books, Surrey, 2003.
1463:National Dog – The Ringleader Way
1624:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00974.x
1612:Journal of Small Animal Practice
1400:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
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1641:. St. Louis (Miss.): Saunders.
1586:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155
1295:"The History of the Rottweiler"
569:According to the FCI Standard:
106:50–60 kg (110–132 lb)
2122:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
2028:University of British Columbia
1813:10.2460/javma.1994.204.09.1465
1573:Preventive Veterinary Medicine
1412:10.1016/j.applanim.2008.04.006
535:The FCI 2018 Standard states:
527:The flanks are not tucked up.
394:General German Rottweiler Club
116:35–48 kg (77–106 lb)
1:
1297:. vansach.com. Archived from
1197:Chun, Rene (14 August 1994).
735:malignant histiocytic sarcoma
95:56–63 cm (22–25 in)
85:61–69 cm (24–27 in)
2074:Macmillan Publishing Company
1742:10.1371/journal.pone.0172918
1281:"Get to Know the Rottweiler"
387:South German Rottweiler Club
2632:Saint Louis Vincent Mastiff
1098:"Rottweiler breed standard"
773:gastric dilatation volvulus
18:Rottweiler (disambiguation)
2751:
2498:Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog
2221:German Shorthaired Pointer
2216:German Roughhaired Pointer
1535:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
1496:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.020
1377:10.1016/j.jveb.2007.11.006
1315:. The American Kennel Club
444:Dewlap (throat, neck skin)
15:
2623:Perro de Presa Mallorquin
2231:German Wirehaired Pointer
2211:German Longhaired Pointer
2095:Our Friend the Rottweiler
1778:10.2460/javma.242.10.1381
1702:10.2460/javma.232.12.1818
1173:. New Zealand Kennel Club
456:Highest Point of the Rump
185:
174:
162:
148:
139:
131:
123:
69:
35:
2024:The Intelligence of Dogs
1639:Small Animal Dermatology
1031:"Oxford Dictionaries-US"
918:Headshot of a Rottweiler
2279:Old German herding dogs
2193:Westphalian Dachsbracke
2178:Bavarian Mountain Hound
2010:The Ultimate Rottweiler
2008:Brace, Andrew H. (Ed),
1836:"PET OR LETHAL WEAPON?"
1451:AKC Herding Regulations
846:One-year-old Rottweiler
798:, and the hit HBO show
366:saw a great demand for
351:Rottweiler memorial in
2618:Perro de Presa Canario
2613:Olde English Bulldogge
2548:Cão Fila de São Miguel
2044:Interscience.wiley.com
1484:The Veterinary Journal
1449:American Kennel Club,
882:10-year-old Rottweiler
739:systemic histiocytosis
731:lupoid onychodystrophy
710:
658:
628:
577:
542:
459:Legs (thighs and hips)
434:
383:German Rottweiler Club
355:
329:search and rescue dogs
294:Rottweiler Metzgerhund
293:
1005:"Oxford Dictionaries"
723:acral lick dermatitis
708:
653:
626:
441:Snout (teeth, tongue)
432:
350:
315:laden with butchered
153:Kennel club standards
2667:Cordoba fighting dog
2160:Dogs originating in
2035:Know your Rottweiler
2030:, Vancouver. (1994).
1858:old.post-gazette.com
1269:University of Munich
930:An oblique head shot
870:Female Rottweiler
758:canine hip dysplasia
751:Follicular lipidosis
670:stock with caution.
405:American Kennel Club
272:[ˈʁɔtvaɪ̯lɐ]
2733:Rottweil (district)
2687:Old English Bulldog
2563:Continental Bulldog
2356:American Eskimo Dog
2307:Miniature Schnauzer
2251:Small Münsterländer
2236:Large Münsterländer
2086:Schanzle, Manfred,
1978:. 26 September 2010
1938:. 30 November 2022.
1889:The Washington Post
1430:Modern Dog magazine
1293:Thomas G. VanSach.
1263:Manfred Schanzle,
906:A close-up headshot
640:Rottweiler Handbook
593:Colour and markings
2608:Neapolitan Mastiff
2421:Standard Schnauzer
2335:Miniature Pinscher
2125:. Merriam-Webster.
1840:chicagotribune.com
1523:Scientific Reports
1203:The New York Times
986:List of dog breeds
711:
659:
629:
435:
356:
2700:
2699:
2578:Dogue de Bordeaux
2558:Cimarrón Uruguayo
2445:
2444:
2076:, New York 1991.
2061:Pienkoss, Adolf.
2055:Pettengell, Jim.
2000:Blackmore, Joan.
1950:"Alexandra Days'
1673:978-0-8138-1596-1
1648:978-0-323-37651-8
1301:on 31 March 2012.
1151:. The Kennel Club
1037:on 2 October 2016
1011:on 17 August 2016
376:Second World Wars
199:
198:
181:
180:
144:
143:
2740:
2677:Fila da Terceira
2573:Dogue Brasileiro
2538:Campeiro Bulldog
2503:American Bulldog
2472:
2465:
2458:
2449:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2131:
2126:
2022:Coren, Stanley.
2005:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1860:. Archived from
1850:
1844:
1843:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1744:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1588:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1481:
1472:
1466:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1426:"The Rottweiler"
1422:
1416:
1415:
1406:(3–4): 441–460.
1395:
1389:
1388:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1261:
1255:
1250:Adolf Pienkoss,
1248:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1194:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1102:
1094:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1033:. Archived from
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1007:. Archived from
1001:
980:
975:
974:
973:
966:
961:
960:
952:
947:
946:
927:
915:
903:
891:
879:
867:
855:
843:
792:, the 1998 film
727:calcinosis cutis
296:
282:
281:
280:
274:
269:
265:
264:
261:
260:
257:
254:
251:
243:
239:
238:
235:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
194:
188:
150:
71:
45:Common nicknames
40:
28:
2750:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2645:
2636:Serrano Bulldog
2603:Kurdish Mastiff
2588:Fila Brasileiro
2583:English Mastiff
2481:
2476:
2446:
2441:
2425:
2386:Giant Schnauzer
2376:German Pinscher
2344:
2311:
2283:
2274:German Shepherd
2260:
2197:
2164:
2158:
2115:
2103:
1999:
1996:
1994:Further reading
1991:
1981:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1618:(10): 512–524.
1609:
1608:
1604:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1129:on 4 March 2016
1121:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1003:
1002:
998:
994:
976:
971:
969:
962:
955:
948:
941:
938:
931:
928:
919:
916:
907:
904:
895:
892:
883:
880:
871:
868:
859:
858:Male Rottweiler
856:
847:
844:
835:
823:Hearsall Common
789:Lethal Weapon 3
781:
779:Media portrayal
766:elbow dysplasia
703:
648:
621:
608:
595:
586:
574:
567:
554:
533:
524:
516:
484:
426:working dog."
417:
362:The buildup to
345:
277:
276:
275:
267:
248:
244:
241:
210:
206:
190:
186:
57:
26:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2705:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2650:Extinct breeds
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2593:French Bulldog
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2568:Dogo Argentino
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2406:Kromfohrländer
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2330:Biewer Terrier
2327:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2226:German Spaniel
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2113:
2102:
2101:External links
2099:
2098:
2097:
2091:
2084:
2066:
2063:The Rottweiler
2059:
2057:The Rottweiler
2053:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2020:
2006:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1963:
1941:
1927:
1902:
1875:
1864:on 2 June 2023
1845:
1826:
1791:
1756:
1715:
1679:
1672:
1654:
1647:
1629:
1602:
1558:
1509:
1467:
1454:
1442:
1417:
1390:
1355:
1326:
1304:
1285:
1273:
1267:. DVM thesis,
1256:
1252:The Rottweiler
1240:
1215:
1184:
1162:
1140:
1114:
1048:
1022:
995:
993:
990:
989:
988:
982:
981:
978:Germany portal
967:
953:
950:Animals portal
937:
934:
933:
932:
929:
922:
920:
917:
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908:
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886:
884:
881:
874:
872:
869:
862:
860:
857:
850:
848:
845:
838:
834:
831:
807:Good Dog, Carl
780:
777:
702:
699:
678:Border Collies
647:
644:
620:
617:
607:
604:
594:
591:
585:
582:
566:
563:
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512:
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416:
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344:
341:
197:
196:
183:
182:
179:
178:
173:
167:
166:
161:
155:
154:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:Life span
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
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87:
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76:
75:
67:
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63:
59:
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55:
52:
48:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
24:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2746:
2745:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2662:Bullenbeisser
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Chongqing dog
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:Alano Español
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:Extant breeds
2484:
2480:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2438:
2437:Bullenbeisser
2435:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2325:Affenpinscher
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:Hanover Hound
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2082:0-87605-297-9
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2018:1-86054-263-8
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1884:"ROTTWEILERS"
1879:
1876:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1559:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1490:(3): 638–43.
1489:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1010:
1006:
1000:
997:
991:
987:
984:
983:
979:
968:
965:
959:
954:
951:
945:
940:
935:
926:
921:
914:
909:
902:
897:
890:
885:
878:
873:
866:
861:
854:
849:
842:
837:
832:
830:
828:
824:
820:
815:
813:
812:Alexandra Day
809:
808:
803:
802:
797:
796:
791:
790:
784:
778:
776:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
707:
700:
698:
696:
691:
688:
685:
683:
679:
674:
671:
667:
663:
657:
656:herding sheep
654:A Rottweiler
652:
646:Working style
645:
643:
641:
636:
632:
625:
618:
616:
613:
605:
603:
599:
592:
590:
583:
581:
576:
570:
564:
562:
558:
551:
549:
545:
541:
536:
530:
528:
521:
519:
513:
511:
508:
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476:
473:
470:
467:
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461:
458:
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431:
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2266:Herding dogs
2246:Pudelpointer
2183:German Hound
2120:
2117:"Rottweiler"
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1171:"Rottweiler"
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1149:"Rottweiler"
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1123:"Rottweiler"
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1041:29 September
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287:of domestic
202:
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192:domestic dog
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2692:Toy Bulldog
2672:Dogo Cubano
2533:Bully Kutta
2528:Bullmastiff
2302:Jagdterrier
1177:28 February
1155:28 February
1133:28 February
964:Dogs portal
894:Rottweiler
716:crossbreeds
635:instincts.
619:Temperament
438:Head (eyes)
415:Description
368:police dogs
364:World War I
337:police dogs
2713:FCI breeds
2707:Categories
2628:Rottweiler
2598:Great Dane
2543:Cane Corso
2416:Rottweiler
2411:Leonberger
2391:Great Dane
2340:Pomeranian
2289:Earth dogs
2256:Weimaraner
2107:Rottweiler
2046:, abstract
2033:Chardets:
1895:3 December
1579:: 106155.
1371:(4): 178.
992:References
795:Half Baked
709:Rottweiler
695:Schutzhund
333:guard dogs
297:, meaning
203:Rottweiler
31:Rottweiler
2518:Broholmer
2366:Dobermann
2297:Dachshund
1982:1 October
1821:0003-1488
1786:0003-1488
1751:1932-6203
1710:0003-1488
1543:2045-2322
1385:1558-7878
801:Entourage
465:Hind feet
398:Stuttgart
323:replaced
311:and pull
309:livestock
25:Dog breed
2728:Mastiffs
2682:Molossus
2508:Boerboel
2479:Mastiffs
2401:Keeshond
2396:Hovawart
2371:Eurasier
2317:Toy dogs
1976:BBC News
1729:PLOS ONE
1552:10834484
1504:24206631
936:See also
827:Coventry
747:vitiligo
453:Forefeet
447:Shoulder
353:Rottweil
321:railways
302:butchers
299:Rottweil
176:standard
164:standard
2523:Bulldog
2430:Extinct
2203:Gundogs
2162:Germany
1348:7 April
1319:7 April
1271:, 1969.
1107:7 April
1015:18 July
833:Gallery
682:Kelpies
638:In the
612:withers
540:longer.
468:Withers
343:History
325:droving
283:) is a
268:German:
242:UK also
140:8 years
113:Females
92:Females
65:Germany
2657:Alaunt
2349:Others
2241:Poodle
2170:Hounds
2111:Curlie
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1868:10 May
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1228:Purina
745:, and
701:Health
471:Stifle
409:Crufts
335:, and
100:Weight
79:Height
74:Traits
62:Origin
54:Rottie
2513:Boxer
2361:Boxer
1920:8 May
1480:(PDF)
1435:1 May
1343:(PDF)
1233:1 May
1208:1 May
1103:. FCI
1101:(PDF)
819:RSPCA
552:Limbs
450:Elbow
372:First
313:carts
285:breed
129:Color
103:Males
82:Males
2641:Tosa
2078:ISBN
2014:ISBN
1984:2010
1952:Carl
1922:2019
1897:2018
1870:2019
1817:ISSN
1782:ISSN
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1706:ISSN
1668:ISBN
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1539:ISSN
1500:PMID
1437:2018
1381:ISSN
1350:2019
1321:2019
1235:2019
1210:2019
1179:2016
1157:2016
1135:2016
1109:2019
1043:2016
1017:2016
606:Size
584:Coat
565:Gait
531:Tail
522:Body
514:Neck
482:Head
477:Tail
474:Paws
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