789:
777:
117:
805:
738:
153:
714:
765:
462:
160:
124:
874:
726:
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40:
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During the last stages of the eruption, emptying of the underlying magma chamber sank the centre of the Aira
Caldera by about 60 cm (24 in). This showed that Sakurajima draws its magma from the same magma reservoir that fed the ancient caldera-forming eruption. The eruption partly inspired
549:
Sakurajima's activity became more prominent in 1955, and the volcano has been erupting almost constantly ever since. Thousands of small explosions happen each year, throwing ash to heights of up to a few kilometers above the mountain. The
Sakurajima Volcano Observatory was set up in 1960 to monitor
619:
On July 24, 2022, at 20:05 JST, an explosive eruption occurred at the summit crater of the volcano, and cinders scattered up to 2.5 km from the crater. Following this eruption, at 20:50 JST, the Japan
Meteorological Agency raised the eruption alert level from Level 3 to Level 5, the highest level,
553:
Monitoring of the volcano and predictions of large eruptions are particularly important because it is in a densely populated area, with the city of
Kagoshima's 680,000 residents just a few kilometers from the volcano. The city conducts regular evacuation drills, and a number of shelters have been
588:
In 2011 and 2012, Sakurajima experienced several significant eruptions; volcanic activity continued into 2013. Photographer Martin Rietze captured a rare picture of lightning within the ash plume in
January 2013 during a magma ejection, which was a NASA astronomy pic of the day in March 2013.
615:
On
October 3, 2020, at 07:35 UTC, the volcano erupted once again, this time from the Aira caldera. A volcanic ash advisory for aviation was issued by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) at 07:43 UTC, showing the ash cloud to be stationary and reaching FL100 (10,000 feet).
819:, about a disillusioned Navy officer stationed on the volcano island towards the end of World War II as American air force planes bomb Japan. The story is based on Umezaki's own experience; he was stationed in a military cipher base in the nearby Prefecture city of
600:
In August 2015, Japan's meteorological agency issued a level 4 emergency warning, which urges residents to prepare to evacuate. Scientists warned that a major eruption could soon take place at the volcano; it eventually did erupt around 20:00 on
February 5, 2016.
391:
Sakurajima was formed by later activity within the caldera, beginning about 13,000 years ago. It is about 8 km (5 mi) south of the centre of the caldera. Its first eruption in recorded history was in 963 AD. Most of its eruptions are
596:
and produced its highest recorded plume of ash since 2006, rising 5,000 metres high and causing darkness and significant ash falls on the central part of
Kagoshima city. The eruption occurred at 16:31 and was the 500th eruption of the year.
498:
is high, explosive eruptions are far more common—but the lava flows at
Sakurajima continued for months. The island grew, engulfing several smaller islands nearby, and eventually became connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus. Parts of
473:
The 1914 eruption began on
January 11 and was the most powerful in twentieth-century Japan. The volcano had been dormant for over a century until 1914. Almost all residents had left the island in the previous days; several large
581:
On March 10, 2009, Sakurajima erupted, sending debris up to 2 km (1.2 mi). An eruption had been expected following a series of smaller explosions over the weekend. It is not thought there was any damage caused.
572:, and its lava flows are a major tourist attraction. The area around Sakurajima contains several hot spring resorts. One of the main agricultural products of Sakurajima is a huge basketball-sized white radish (
776:
1060:
1487:"Volcanic activity world-wide 16 November 2012: Ruapehu, Paluweh, Michael, Kilauea, Fuego, Santiaguito, Nevado del Ruiz, Reventador, Sakurajima, Mammoth Mountain (Long Valley),Ambrym, Nyiragongo"
486:, but after a very large earthquake on January 12, and another the day after, it became effusive, generating a large lava flow. The January 12 earthquake killed 35, and in total, 58 people died.
788:
1648:
1698:
1672:
1486:
2004:
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Sakurajima has a population of a few thousand residents, formerly incorporated as Sakurajima town, with a number of schools, shrines, and shops on the island. It is serviced by the
116:
2014:
631:
had risen to 1000 meters at 11:10 JST, according to the Kagoshima Meteorological Office. People in a 2-km radius were sent a warning by the local weather observatory against
604:
After a long pause of eruptions at the vent, the eruptions abruptly stopped there and returned to the Showa crater, on April 4, 2016, some 8–9 days preceding major
283:
and the Sakurajima Volcano Research Centre in Japan suggested that the volcano could have a major eruption within 30 years; since then two eruptions have occurred.
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839:
152:
1340:
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Pre-eruption earthquakes killed at least 35 people and an additional 23 people died; caused an evacuation and significant changes to the local topography.
2169:
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Sakurajima has many natural areas and the ecosystems in different areas where recent eruptions have taken place have been researched as an example of
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752:
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1999:
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72:
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Schoolchildren in Kagoshima wearing helmets to protect against stones thrown out by the nearby Sakurajima volcano (which is in background)
585:
An eruption occurred from the Minami-dake summit crater at 5:38 on Sunday, August 9, 2010, sending debris up to 5000 m (16,000 ft).
2219:
2214:
677:
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filled the narrow strait between the island and the mainland, turning it into a peninsula. Lava flows are rare in Japan—because the
713:
279:
on the surroundings. Earlier eruptions built the white sand highlands in the region. On September 13, 2016, a team of experts from
388:
fell as far as 1,000 km (620 mi) from the volcano. Sakurajima is a modern active vent of the same Aira caldera volcano.
569:
372:, which formed in an enormous "blow-out-and-cave-in" eruption around 22,000 years ago. Several hundred cubic kilometres of
332:
which runs 24/7. It is a tourist destination known for its onsen, local pottery made from volcanic ash, and produce such as the
1937:
642:
on Sakurajima at 18:33 JST, emitting plumes of over five kilometers in height and spewing rocks as far as 1.3 kilometers away.
620:
and urged maximum precaution and evacuation. This was the first time an eruption alert level 5 has been issued for Sakurajima.
612:
near Kumamoto, Japan. Then, three months later, on July 26, it spewed volcanic ash 5,000 m (16,000 ft) into the air.
1976:
1959:
2039:
725:
2184:
665:
2174:
1517:
65:
1809:
1061:"Sakurajima Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA AT 20210405/0420Z FL050 EXTD NE OBS VA DTG: 05/0420Z to 5000 ft (1500 m)"
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17:
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which is only 4km across the bay. The surface of this volcanic peninsula is about 77 km (30 sq mi).
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2009:
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605:
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An image taken from the International Space Station showing Sakurajima and its surroundings on January 10, 2013
333:
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at a quarry of Sakurajima that attracted an audience of 75,000. After the concert, a statue showing Nagabuchi
1465:
2209:
1254:
970:
191:
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underneath the erupting vents to collapse. The resulting caldera is over 20 km (12 mi) across.
1649:"Volcanic activity worldwide 4 Apr 2016: Popocatépetl volcano, Bromo, Turrialba, Sangay, Sakurajima,..."
344:
318:
804:
639:
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had warned them that an eruption was imminent. Initially, the eruption was very explosive, generating
1699:"Sakurajima Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ERUPTED AT 20201003/0735Z FL100 STNR OBS VA DTG: 03/0730Z"
1000:
609:
393:
257:
136:
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1369:
291:
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830:
280:
1415:
701:
525:
435:
269:
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1949:
1910:
1111:
962:
845:
574:
411:. Since 2006, activity has centred on Showa crater, to the east of the summit of Minami-dake.
397:
249:
222:
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2101:
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479:
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in Kurokami-Cho, Kagoshima is half-buried by ash and stones caused by the 1914 eruption.
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893:
689:
562:
558:
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In light of the dangers it presents to nearby populations, Sakurajima was designated a
541:
360:
240:
1435:
2163:
2106:
2020:
Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) (entry for Aira /Sakurajima)
1541:
816:
500:
381:
314:
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Kita-dake is Sakurajima's highest peak, rising to 1,117 m (3,665 ft) above
287:
200:
196:
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1982:
1621:
1315:"Japan's Sakurajima volcano due for major eruption within 30 years, say scientists"
1020:
948:
865:
624:
593:
514:
373:
369:
276:
1781:
1314:
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2019:
901:
2076:
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1988:
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533:
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87:
74:
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487:
322:
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1512:
808:
Sculpture of Nagabuchi at the site of the All Night Concert on Sakurajima.
39:
1945:
Guide-books of the Excursions: Pan-Pacific Science Congress, 1926, Japan.
407:
ended around 4,900 years ago: later eruptions have been centered on
1953:
1914:
2081:
1943:
1220:"Sakurajima at the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo"
2136:
1012:
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in 1991, identifying it as worthy of particular study as part of the
491:
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261:
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55:
1673:"Kagoshima's Sakurajima volcano erupts, spews plume 5,000 meters up"
988:
2024:
1537:"Sakurajima spews its highest volcanic column ever at 5,000 meters"
815:
is the title of a 1946 short story, written by the Japanese writer
2131:
803:
540:
524:
495:
466:
460:
359:
275:
As of April 2021, the volcanic activity still continues, dropping
2015:
Google Earth ground view approaching Sakurajima from the mainland
1964:
Shima: The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures
1934:
Formation of the Aira Caldera, Southern Kyūshū, ~22,000 years ago
554:
built where people can take refuge from falling volcanic debris.
1522:
1391:"Decade Volcano Sakurajima at the Earthquake Research Institute"
265:
2028:
1977:
Sakurajima: National catalogue of the active volcanoes in Japan
1730:
1592:"Sakurajima in Japan Might Be Headed Towards a Large Eruption"
364:
A map of Sakurajima in 1902, showing it as a distinct island.
503:
became significantly shallower, and it made tides higher.
1909:
Stanford, California: Seismological Society of America.
1341:"Japanese Volcanoes at the Northern Illinois University"
848:
with a guitar was installed on the site of the concert.
1366:"Reuters report on Sakurajima explosion, June 5th 2006"
1087:"New data points to major eruption of Japanese volcano"
565:' International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction.
16:
This article is about the volcano. For other uses, see
1720:
1718:
971:
photo, caption -- Kagoshima after Sakurashima eruption
317:
known as Kinkō-wan. The former island is part of the
758:
Sakurajima from a ferry in Kagoshima Bay, 2019-07-01
23:
Stratovolcano in Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan
451:
441:
429:
421:
340:which grow in the immensely fertile volcanic soil.
206:
190:
185:
103:
64:
54:
49:
32:
638:On February 14, 2024, an eruption occurred at the
368:Sakurajima is in the 25 km (15 mi)-wide
1907:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.
1861:"Sakurajima volcano in southwestern Japan erupts"
1836:"Sakurajima volcano in southwestern Japan erupts"
1810:"Sakurajima volcano erupts in southwestern Japan"
1511:Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (11 March 2013).
623:On February 9, 2023, an eruption occurred at the
268:flows of the 1914 eruption connected it with the
2005:Schoolchildren and their teacher wearing helmets
1904:"Seismographs at the Panama-Pacific Exposition,"
1041:. Nippon Communications Foundation. May 16, 2018
400:have occurred in 1471–1476, 1779–1782 and 1914.
44:View of Sakurajima from mainland Kagoshima, 2009
1140:"The 1914 Sakurajima explosion at Volcanoworld"
545:Sakura-jima eruption as seen on August 18, 2013
1283:Proceedings of IAVCEI 2013 Scientific Assembly
396:, affecting only the summit areas, but larger
2040:
1804:
1802:
1276:"Forecasting volcanic activity of Sakurajima"
592:On August 18, 2013, the volcano erupted from
8:
989:"The Sakura-Jima Eruption of January, 1914"
230:
2047:
2033:
2025:
1989:Aira / Sakurajima, Global Volcanic Program
272:. It is the most active volcano in Japan.
29:
1960:Sakurajima: Maintaining an island essence
1569:"Volcano alerts issued in Ecuador, Japan"
1197:. Oregon State University. Archived from
1035:"Sakurajima, Japan's Most Active Volcano"
1416:"Touristic information on synapse.ne.jp"
1185:
1183:
1181:
532:
1458:"桜島が噴火 噴煙が火口上5000mに上昇 噴煙量は多量（ウェザーニュース）"
1309:
1307:
940:
683:Space radar image of Sakurajima in 1994
649:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
418:
1958:Johnson, H & Kuwahara, S (2016),
1726:"桜島で噴火 噴火警戒レベル５に引き上げ 33世帯に避難指示 | NHK"
1085:McCurry, Justin (13 September 2016).
829:was also the name of Japanese singer
517:that ostensibly causes the eruption.
306:(southern peak) which is active now.
7:
1922:, Teikoku-Shoin Co., Ltd. Tokyo 1990
1617:"Sakurajima volcano in Japan erupts"
833:'s song. In 2004, Nagabuchi held an
1782:"桜島で噴火が発生 気象庁が噴火速報を発表 火口上300mで雲に入る"
1513:"Sakurajima Volcano with Lightning"
1436:"Japan's Sakurajima volcano erupts"
1994:Footage of the March 2009 eruption
1983:Sakurajima Volcano Research Center
1887:"Moving and shaking on Sakurajima"
961:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005).
159:
123:
14:
2170:Landforms of Kagoshima Prefecture
1940:, v. 89, issue B10, p. 8485.
1920:Teikoku's Complete Atlas of Japan
172:Sakurajima (Kagoshima Prefecture)
1966:, vol. 10, no.1, pp. 48–66.
1753:"MBCニュース | 桜島で噴火 噴石が東方向に２．４キロ飛ぶ"
1545:. 18 August 2013. Archived from
1112:"Kagoshima prefecture" at p. 447
914:
900:
886:
872:
858:
787:
775:
763:
751:
736:
724:
712:
700:
688:
676:
664:
652:
627:on Sakurajima at 10:52 JST. The
175:Show map of Kagoshima Prefecture
158:
151:
122:
115:
38:
1938:Journal of Geophysical Research
1687:– via Japan Times Online.
1274:Iguchi, Masato (20 July 2013).
1165:"Sakurajima at Activolcan.info"
313:. The mountain is in a part of
1675:. 26 July 2016. Archived from
782:Satellite view in January 2020
1:
1979:- Japan Meteorological Agency
1885:Matthew Holmes (2012-04-08).
1464:(in Japanese). Archived from
770:Seen from an aircraft in 2009
2205:20th-century volcanic events
1518:Astronomy Picture of the Day
570:Kirishima-Yaku National Park
60:1,117 m (3,665 ft)
671:Sakurajima eruption in 1974
18:Sakurajima (disambiguation)
2236:
2220:Volcanic eruptions in 2023
2215:Volcanic eruptions in 2022
1948:Tokyo: Tokyo Printing Co.
930:List of volcanoes in Japan
568:Sakurajima is part of the
380:were ejected, causing the
15:
2062:
743:A print of Sakurajima by
338:Sakurajima komikan orange
226:
108:
37:
2180:Stratovolcanoes of Japan
1703:www.volcanodiscovery.com
1652:www.volcanodiscovery.com
1491:www.volcanodiscovery.com
1250:Global Volcanism Program
1245:"Aira: Eruptive History"
987:Davison C (1916-09-21).
975:Illustrated London News.
334:Sakurajima daikon radish
256:and now a peninsula, in
1255:Smithsonian Institution
1902:Townley, S.D. (1915).
809:
731:Eruption on 2013-09-23
546:
538:
530:
470:
365:
88:31.58056°N 130.65806°E
2010:Google Earth air view
807:
544:
536:
528:
510:The Wrath of the Gods
464:
403:Volcanic activity at
363:
345:ecological succession
2185:Subduction volcanoes
1191:"Sakura-jima, Japan"
1065:volcanodiscovery.com
949:"Sakurajima volcano"
610:Median Tectonic Line
258:Kagoshima Prefecture
137:Kagoshima Prefecture
2175:Volcanoes of Kyushu
1932:Aramaki S. (1984),
1321:. 14 September 2016
1005:1916Natur..98...57D
967:Japan Encyclopedia,
635:and falling rocks.
302:(central peak) and
93:31.58056; 130.65806
84: /
1985:- Kyoto University
1889:. The Japan Times.
1292:on 20 October 2013
831:Tsuyoshi Nagabuchi
810:
547:
539:
531:
471:
366:
356:Geological history
281:Bristol University
50:Highest point
2155:
2154:
1816:. 8 February 2023
1629:. 5 February 2016
835:all-night-concert
640:Minamidake crater
633:pyroclastic flows
575:Sakurajima daikon
550:these eruptions.
513:, centering on a
484:pyroclastic flows
459:
458:
398:Plinian eruptions
298:(northern peak),
294:has three peaks,
216:
215:
142:Show map of Japan
2227:
2195:Active volcanoes
2190:Decade Volcanoes
2056:Decade Volcanoes
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1759:. Archived from
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1713:
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1695:
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1679:on 18 April 2018
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1627:Associated Press
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1590:Klemetti, Erik.
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1571:. 15 August 2015
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1438:. March 10, 2009
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1393:. Archived from
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1368:. Archived from
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1343:. Archived from
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1232:
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1222:. Archived from
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1206:
1187:
1176:
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1161:
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1142:. Archived from
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1013:10.1038/098057b0
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922:Geography portal
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908:Volcanoes portal
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880:Mountains portal
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659:Eruption in 1914
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480:eruption columns
425:January 11, 1914
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330:Sakurajima Ferry
286:Sakurajima is a
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2200:VEI-6 volcanoes
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1973:
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1927:Further reading
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1814:The Japan Times
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1549:on 4 March 2016
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1199:the original
1195:VolcanoWorld
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1144:the original
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1091:the Guardian
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1038:
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996:
992:
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969:p. 814; see
966:
963:"Sakurajima"
957:
943:
866:Japan portal
826:
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625:Showa crater
622:
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370:Aira caldera
367:
342:
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308:
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277:volcanic ash
274:
218:
217:
212:1955-present
2117:Santa María
1870:14 February
1865:Kyodo News+
1840:Kyodo News+
1786:WeatherNews
1325:24 February
1167:(in French)
838: [
606:earthquakes
476:earthquakes
409:Minami-dake
394:Strombolian
304:Minami-dake
91: /
79:130°39′29″E
66:Coordinates
2164:Categories
2112:Sakurajima
2102:Nyiragongo
2067:Avachinsky
1897:References
1845:9 February
1820:9 February
1792:2022-07-24
1767:2022-07-24
1738:2022-07-24
1708:2020-10-03
1633:5 February
1472:2020-08-09
1462:Yahoo!ニュース
1421:2007-08-06
1401:2007-08-06
1376:2007-08-06
1351:2007-08-06
1260:2007-08-04
1230:2007-08-03
1205:2008-10-12
1171:2007-08-03
1150:2007-08-03
1110:Nussbaum,
1039:nippon.com
827:Sakurajima
813:Sakurajima
794:April 2021
488:Lava flows
422:Start date
219:Sakurajima
166:Sakurajima
130:Sakurajima
76:31°34′50″N
33:Sakurajima
2122:Santorini
2092:Mauna Loa
2087:Koryaksky
1575:16 August
1553:18 August
1442:March 16,
1296:18 August
1045:August 2,
846:screaming
821:Kagoshima
745:Hiroshige
405:Kita-dake
323:Kagoshima
311:sea level
300:Naka-dake
296:Kita-dake
104:Geography
56:Elevation
2147:Vesuvius
1683:17 April
1657:17 April
1601:17 April
1496:17 April
1319:BBC News
1096:17 April
852:See also
646:Timeline
223:Japanese
2107:Rainier
2082:Galeras
1954:7028702
1915:1604335
1070:6 April
1021:3964260
1001:Bibcode
800:Culture
608:on the
351:History
234:
186:Geology
139:, Japan
2137:Ulawun
2097:Merapi
2072:Colima
1952:
1913:
1019:
993:Nature
629:plumes
496:magmas
492:silica
452:Impact
436:Peléan
386:Tephra
378:pumice
292:summit
290:. Its
262:Kyushu
254:island
243:Island
2142:Unzen
2132:Teide
1996:- BBC
1596:Wired
1290:(PDF)
1279:(PDF)
1017:S2CID
936:Notes
842:]
467:torii
197:Somma
2127:Taal
2077:Etna
1950:OCLC
1911:OCLC
1872:2024
1847:2023
1822:2023
1685:2018
1659:2018
1635:2016
1603:2018
1577:2015
1555:2013
1523:NASA
1498:2018
1444:2012
1327:2017
1298:2013
1098:2018
1072:2021
1047:2018
719:2010
707:2009
695:2004
482:and
431:Type
376:and
336:and
319:city
266:lava
231:lit.
1757:MBC
1731:NHK
1009:doi
965:in
578:).
443:VEI
374:ash
321:of
260:in
2166::
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227:桜島
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