148:. Examples of non-written salutations are bowing (common in Japan), waving, or even addressing somebody by their name. A salutation can be interpreted as a form of a signal in which the receiver of the salutation is being acknowledged, respected or thanked. Another simple but very common example of a salutation is a military salute. By saluting another rank, that person is signalling or showing his or her acknowledgement of the importance or significance of that person and his or her rank. Some greetings are considered vulgar, others "rude" and others "polite".
494:"Ms." is the marital-status-neutral honorific for an adult woman and may be applied in cases in which the marital status is irrelevant or unknown to the author. For example, if one is writing a business letter to a woman, "Ms." is acceptable. "Mrs." denotes an adult woman who is married. "Miss" can apply to specifically unmarried women, however, the term is being replaced more and more by "Ms." "Miss" can apply to an unmarried woman or more generally to a younger woman.
2111:"Poojyulaina" (పూజ్యులైన / పూజ్యనీయులైన) is often used although "Ganga Bhagirathi Samanulaina" ( గంగా భాఘీరతి సమానులైన )is used for female elders. When addressing a person who is younger, "Chiranjeevi" ( చిరంజీవి ) is commonly used irrespective of all genders. "Kumari" ( కుమారి ) is sometimes used for unmarried women and "Chiranjeevi Lakshmi Sowbhagyavathi ( చిరంజీవి లక్ష్మీ సౌభాగ్యవతి ), Chi. La. Sow. ( ఛి. ల. సౌ. ) in short for married women
2359:
32:
491:." is an English–language neologistic honorific for use alongside Mr., Ms., etc. that does not indicate gender. It is often the only option for nonbinary people, as well as those who do not wish to reveal their gender. It is a gender-neutral title that is now accepted by much of the United Kingdom's government and some businesses in the United Kingdom.
484:), but it is common in recent British usage to drop the period after all such titles. Professional titles such as "Professor" are frequently used both in business and in social correspondence, as are those of dignitaries and holders of certain public offices, such as "Mr. President" or "Dear Madam Secretary".
2181:
When an older person salutes a younger one in a formal way, he/she can refer to the younger person as "Hanim kizim" for females and "Bey oglum" for males where "kizim" is intended as "daughter" and "oglum" is intended as "son". In the informal way "Kizim" and "Oglum" are enough without having to use
314:
Dutch has two standard forms of salutation: one formal and the other informal. A person's title and surname always follow the salutation, regardless of formality. The formal salutation, "Geachte", is most commonly used in present formal communication, while the informal salutation "Beste" appears in
270:
The salutation "Dear" (প্রিয়) in combination with a name or a title is by far the most commonly used salutation in
Bengali, in both formal and informal correspondence. It is commonly followed by either an honorific and a surname, such as "Shrôddheyô" or "Manônīyô" (শ্রদ্ধেয়/মাননীয়), or by a given
1140:
In position of the
English "Dear" are the words पूज्य (Pūjya), आदरणीय (Ādaraṇīya), or प्रिय(Priya) (from most formal to most informal), for social writing (e.g., relatives/friends). They would not usually be used for business writing. The second may be used in some instances, for example if writing
2101:
Written salutations are "Thiru/Thiruvalar" "திரு/திருவாளர்" for men, "Thirumathi"/"திருமதி" for women, "Selvi/Thiruniraiselvi" "செல்வி/திருநிறைச்செல்வி" for unmarried women "Selvan/Thiruniraiselvan" "செல்வன்/திருநிறைச்செல்வன்" for unmarried men "Amarar (Marar) / Vaanor" "அமரர் (மரர்) / வானோர்"
515:
On occasion, one may use "Sir" or "Madam" by itself as the salutation, with nothing preceding. The severe and old-fashioned formality of such a salutation makes it appropriate for very formal correspondence (for example, addressing a head of state, or a letter to the editor), but in the same way,
428:
is by far the most commonly used salutation in both
British and US English, in both formal and informal correspondence. It is commonly followed either by an honorific and a surname, such as "Dear Mr. Smith," or by a given name, such as "Dear Mark." However, it is not common in English to use
1259:
Written salutation includes "Sreeman/Sree" (ശ്രീമാൻ/ശ്രീ) for men and "Sreemathi" (ശ്രീമതി) for women. The language also uses
Bahumaanappetta, Aadaranieya (ബഹുമാനപ്പെട്ട, ആദരണീയ) for both genders which has a meaning similar to `Respected` in English. In Malayalam, a formal speech begins with
2110:
Various forms of salutation in Telugu are as follows: "Sri / Shri" ( శ్రీ ) is used to address men, "Srimathi / Shrimathi" ( శ్రీమతి ) is reserved for married woman. Unmarried girls are usually addressed as "Kumari" ( కుమారి ). In addressing a person in letter, usually in case of elders,
764:, as salutation. This is often done for doctors of medicine. For other doctors, it is not common, even if the use is increasing, following the Anglo-Saxon custom. Basically one has to be consistent with the address: a letter sent to "Dr N. N." will use a salutation formula including
2082:"Excelentísimo Señor" (+name or without it) or "Excelentísima Señora" (female). This is extremely formal and is usually reserved for certain formal procedures with the government. You can also use "Ilustrísimo" (male) or "Ilustrísima" (female) instead of "Excelentísimo".
412:. This convention is also used when writing in Dutch to people of foreign nationality. The exception to this rule is when writing to a Flemish person. In that case the rule for Belgian names is used, and the surname prefixes are capitalized as registered.
2201:
In correspondence and during conversations, Ukrainian speakers use the words "Шановний/Шановна" (Shanovnyy/Shanovna) or "Вельмишановний/Вельмишановна" (according to male/female gender) as a salutation, followed by the given name (sometimes also uses
1093:)—the latter should only be used if the recipient has been actually met in person or similar. It should be used with care because it can be otherwise perceived as patronizing or inappropriate, depending on the difference in age or social status.
1480:
instead used to address anyone holding a baccalaureate degree. Each military or ecclesiastic rank has one abbreviation, and, historically, nobility ranks also had one—for example, one of the ways of addressing the
Portuguese Monarch would be
315:
informal communication. However, there is a tendency, especially among the younger generations, to also use this salutation in formal situations." Use of professional titles, especially unabbreviated, is uncommon in Dutch correspondence.
1607:
and the person's last name, although it is sometimes acceptable to drop the last name altogether when the intended recipient is clear. It is also preferred to write out a person's title when addressing a letter and abbreviations such as
511:
is a historically used term to address many men rather than "Mr Pink, Mr White, et al." Messrs is the abbreviation (pronounced "messers") for messieurs and is used in
English. Mesdames addresses many women; pronounced "Meydammes".
301:(যাহার প্রতি ইহা প্রযোজ্য) (if the writer wishes to exclude the gender of the reader from the salutation and/or to convey that the reader should forward the copy to one more suited to receive or respond appropriately. Same as
1159:
Shri is most commonly used salutation in Hindi for a married male, while for a married woman, Shrimati is used. For unmarried and young boys Kumar is used, whereas Kumari is the salutation used for unmarried and young girls.
642:. This is almost compulsory if the author is a younger member of the family (child to parent, nephew to aunt/uncle, grandchild to grandparent, godchild to godparent) and is left to the author's discretion in other cases.
1096:
Specific salutations appear in German very similar to the way they do in
English, with the exception that in the address block of a letter German must include all or multiple salutations that can be abbreviated
1324:
If the corresponding person is a doctor or holds Ph.D, or he or she is an engineer, Doktor (دکتر) or
Mohandes (مهندس) must be added to the titles respectively. Same rules is practiced in military environments.
392:
In
Belgium names are spelled slightly differently: prefixes are always written as they are in the register of residents, which can vary by name. In the vast majority of names, the (first) prefix is capitalized.
2145:
In
Turkish, there are two forms of salutations, formal and informal. Like most other languages, gender doesn't play a role in the salutation. When addressing somebody in formal writing, one can use "Sayın
2169:
These salutations are used with the first names. When the surname is intended to be used, it is combined with "Sayin" instead. If a lady is named "Nihan Erten" for instance, she is referred to as either
1058:) is used with no variation on this. Due to insufficient functionality of computer software used for mass communication, some companies tend to use more clumsy gender neutral formal salutations (e. g.
440:
A comma follows the salutation and name, while a colon is used in place of a comma only in US business correspondence. This rule applies regardless of the level of formality of the correspondence.
456:(If the writer wishes to exclude the gender of the reader from the salutation and/or to convey that the reader should forward the copy to one more suited to receive or respond appropriately).
2067:"Estimada" (+ name or title "Señora". "Sra." is the abbreviation). For female. Example for a woman called Ana Sánchez: "Estimada Ana" or "Estimada Sra. Sánchez". The last is more formal.
1156:", "Chiranjīv", "Chiranjīvī. Of these, "Shri" and "Shrimaan" are used to respectfully address married (or presumed married) men. "Shrimati" (Abbr: "Smt.") is used for married women.
2064:"Estimado" (+ name or title "Señor". "Sr." is the abbreviation). For male. Example for a man called Juan García: "Estimado Juan" or "Estimado Sr. García". The last is more formal.
1069:, meaning "hello", which is used universally, written and spoken, and which is gender neutral. Depending on the region, informal salutations also tend to begin with
437:
a person's given name: "Dear Mr. John Smith" would not be common form. Sometimes, the salutation "To" is used for informal correspondence, for example "To Peter".
140:
or other communication. Salutations can be formal or informal. The most common form of salutation in an English letter includes the recipient's given name or
2206:). Salutation to unknown persons often use "Пане/Пані" (Pane/Pani) (according to gender) or "Панове", "Панство" (Panove/Panstvo) (to unknown parties).
1565:
is acceptable for close relations, though this title is falling out of use in written communication and can be considered inappropriate or offensive.
2289:
2150:" without having to refer to the gender. If the title of the recipient is known, it is better to use it in place of the name, as in "Sayın Doktor".
501:" is used in formal situations for addressing boys typically aged under 16, after which it is "Mr." "Master" in this case is of old English origin.
628:) used to be considered incorrect. However, maybe following English usage, such a construction is now rather common and deemed relatively formal.
1771:). This can be used independently of the recipient's gender and is normally followed by the first name. An alternative which is less familiar is
1030:
The formal form distinguishes between the male or female gender of the recipient as a matter of courtesy. The male formal salutation begins with
2381:
2339:
2153:
In a formal salutation, if the recipient's name is unknown, one uses "Sayın Yetkili", which is similar to "Dear Sir/Madam" in English.
1702:
In very formal situations there can be slight variations in the choice of wording. Most often, more emphasis is added to the adjective
1077:(typically in the south and south west), or other words, although only used by locals. A more personal informal salutation begins with
1918:(To the most wise and noble and honoured and by God gifted master Hanăș Bengner from Brașov, much health from Neacșu from Câmpulung.)
1624:, which is still acceptable in the salutation. If the recipient has multiple titles, generally only the most important one is used.
631:
In case the author and the recipients are close friends or intimates, one may use the given name of the recipient immediately after
115:
2043:
Intermediate salutations. Not as simple as "hola" but can be used in every situation. These can be used in oral or written Spanish.
810:
for a sovereign prince/princess, a sovereign duke/duchess, a prince/princess of royal blood, a pretendent to a throne, etc. :
782:
For some specific professions (lawyers, physicians, for instance), two persons exercising the same such profession will always use
842:("Most Holy Father, humbly bowing down before the feet of Your Holiness and begging for the favour of the apostolic benediction,")
497:"Miss" is the proper form of address for female children and unmarried women, although some consider the latter use to be dated. "
1736:(understood as something like: "Honoured Mr. ...", is used in formal letters, usually has the same power as "Mult stimate ...")
1027:
German has two types of general salutations that are mutually distinguishable from one another—a formal and an informal form.
1298:
53:
1038:. Both formal salutations are followed by the recipient's academic degree (if any) and the recipient's family name (e.g.
362:
If the informal Dutch salutation is used in a formal context, the salutation is followed by a title, a name and a comma:
96:
1916:
Mudromu I plemenitomu, I cistitomu I Bgom darovannomu zupan Hanăș Begner ot Brașov mnog zdravie ot Nécșul ot Dlugopole.
68:
1847:(citizen) instead. This was reflected in written communication from that period. Today, society has reverted to using
1173:
The standard Italian salutation uses the normal style of address to the recipient of the letter, followed by a comma:
645:
In French, the abbreviation for Monsieur is M.—the English "Mr." is incorrect though often used, especially by banks.
49:
20:
529:
The standard French salutation uses the normal style of address to the recipient of the letter, followed by a comma:
516:
the formality and stiffness of such a salutation would make its use in friendly social correspondence inappropriate.
2114:
In addition, a suffix "garu" ( గారు ) is added as a respect or to address an elderly person irrespective of gender.
550:, is now considered rude; indeed, the usage of "Mademoiselle" has been prohibited in official documents since 2012).
2386:
1504:
Informal salutations may or may not be followed by the name of the addressee, and almost never contain any titles.
607:(though this may be considered inappropriate for a male author who is not a close family relative of the recipient)
554:
When writing specifically to a female where her marital status is irrelevant and/or unknown, the author should use
75:
42:
1643:
are titles which may be associated with a male/female school teacher. When used to mean a university professor (
542:
for a woman (the former distinction between a young or hopefully unmarried woman, with its distinct salutation,
279:
a person's given name: "Shrôddheyô/Manônīyô John Smith" (শ্রদ্ধেয়/মাননীয় জন স্মিথ) would not be correct form.
498:
1855:
as the standard way to address or refer to others. Today, salutations using the distinctly communist-sounding
776:
576:
When the gender of the person to whom one is writing is unknown, the appropriate salutation is (on two lines)
573:
when writing to a female performing artist (actress, singer, etc.), regardless of her marital status and age.
271:
name, such as "Shrôddheyô/Manônīyô John" (শ্রদ্ধেয়/মাননীয় জন). However, it is not common in Bengali to use
82:
2054:
Buenas noches. From the sunset to the moment that you go to bed. Equivalent to good evening and good night.
591:
In the case where the author knows the recipient well or is on friendly terms with him or her, one may add
2073:"Estimado amigo" or "Querido amigo" (male or unknown gender). You may or not know the name of the person.
706:. In Québécois usage, many titles will be rendered in the feminine, contrary to practice in France (i.e.
1889:
771:
If the recipient is a lawyer, notary (or various other legal positions), the proper salutation will be
569:
According to a traditional custom which is sometimes still followed by some people, one could also use
64:
1561:, followed by the person's last name, is used for a man or a woman respectively. For unmarried women,
1545:
When addressing a formal letter whose recipient is not known by name, the salutation of preference is
863:, "(Most Illustrious and) Most Eminent Lord", now disused) for a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
840:
humblement prosterné aux pieds de Votre Sainteté et implorant la faveur de la bénédiction apostolique,
1528:
1268:
In Persian language, formal and informal phrases are used for salutation and they are referred to as
1113:. While in the opening of a letter the direct salutation is reduced to only the most important title
1627:
For women, it is current practice to use the masculine form of the title, preferring, for instance,
1196:
for a married woman or a single woman (once it was used also for a single woman of high rank or age)
198:
for informal correspondence, and in formal correspondence "Sadati" is commonly used and followed by
1904:
2156:
If the name and the gender of the intended recipient is known though, acceptable salutations are;
2342:. Daniel J. Evans Library, Government Documents/Maps. The Evergreen State College. Archived from
1581:(used when the reader is a man and his last name is known—this is the most commonly used version)
144:. For each style of salutation there is an accompanying style of complimentary close, known as
2297:
2220:
1885:
1820:
1635:. Some titles may lose their intended meaning when used in their feminine form. For instance,
337:<name>, (If the reader is Female, unmarried and younger than 25, this is very uncommon,
1232:
for high-school teachers, university junior professors, and professional orchestra performers
775:("Master"). The same salutation is used for famous writers, painters, and for members of the
2343:
2231:
1260:
Namaskaaram, Vandanam (നമസ്കാരം, വന്ദനം) and ends with Krithanjatha, Nandi (കൃതജ്ഞത, നന്ദി)
137:
2267:
2051:
Buenas tardes. To be used from Noon or 1pm up to the sunset. Equivalent to good afternoon.
881:("Mylord"). For bishops/archbishops/patriarchs it is possible to be more formal and write
2048:
Buenos días. To be used from when you wake up to Noon or 1pm. Equivalent to good morning.
396:
In Dutch if the first name or initial is included, the prefix is never capitalized. E.g.
89:
749:
2363:
2358:
2375:
2038:"Hola a todos". Addressed to a group of people, whether their names are known or not.
1783:), followed by the first name. This version is typical of the workplace, where using
473:
202:
or "Almuhtarameen". To add more formality, it is common to begin the salutation with
903:("Most Reverend Father/Mother"). Various specific salutations exist for some orders.
2242:
1587:(the reader is a woman and the last name is known, the most commonly used version)
1328:
Following the above-mentioned titles, different types of salutations may be used:
877:
for a Catholic prelate or a Catholic or Orthodox bishop, archbishop or patriarch:
318:
The standard formal Dutch salutation is followed by a title, a name and a comma:
2215:
1371:
The standard formal Portuguese salutation uses an addressing expression such as
145:
31:
2070:"Estimados amigos" (plural) When your letter is addressed to a group of people.
2203:
1961:
1386:
Most expressions must be modified to account for addressee gender and number.
942:
if the writer knows well the priest/monk/nun recipient, it is possible to use
793:
The address may vary when writing to dignitaries. For instance, one will use:
488:
477:
443:
If the name of the intended recipient is unknown, acceptable salutations are:
282:
If the name of the intended recipient is unknown, acceptable salutations are:
2301:
725:
In some cases, the wife of a dignitary may be entitled to a special address:
2226:
1893:
481:
262:. This Concluding Doa comes right after the full name of the correspondent.
1900:
1763:
The most widespread salutation for informal letters is, by a large margin,
351:
The standard informal Dutch salutation is followed by a name and a comma:
1153:
338:
133:
1280:
Written by/for officials, a letter normally starts with the followings:
2128:గంగా భాఘీరతి సమానులైన శ్రీమతి సూర్య కుమారి గారికి, (Mrs. Suryakumari, )
1647:), however, only the masculine form carries this meaning. The feminine
653:
If the recipient holds a specific title, it must be inserted after the
389:
In the Netherlands the (first) prefix of the name is always capitalized
246:. Common salutation for both formal and informal correspondence :
638:
In case they are family, they may use their familial link preceded by
2340:"Forms of Address & Salutations to Federal & State Officials"
2237:
1222:
for anyone holding a university degree and professional journalists (
1149:
1129:
1964:. Salutations to unknown parties usually include an honorific like
480:", "Ms", "Mr", "Dr", and "Mrs" are typically followed by a period (
2035:"Hola" / "Hola" (+ name). Every time, everywhere, oral or written.
1896:
1354:
1334:
1302:
994:
for a male superior officer (except navy): a male writer will use
558:, unless she is a child. When writing to an adult woman, one uses
425:
141:
1320:
Sarkare Khanome (سرکار خانم), for writing formal letter to women.
1317:
Jenabe Aghaye (جناب آقای), used for writing formal letter to men.
970:
for a male general officer (except navy): a male writer will use
1145:
906:
for a Catholic or Orthodox parish priest / archpriest / priest:
832:
421:
385:
In Dutch the following applies to <name> in salutations:
1440:
Addressee titles can be professional and are often preceded by
2247:
1754:(both versions are good, addressed to a group of participants)
1212:("Mr./Mrs. President; sometimes the alternative feminine form
1046:). It is possible but uncommon to include the full name (e.g.
254:. It is common to conclude the salutation with a Doa such as
25:
1714:(honoured). When addressing groups, the latter is preferred.
1379:(Most Excellent Sir), followed by the addressee titles (e.g.
797:
for monarchs and members of their families or high nobility:
1468:(Priest)). An exception to this rule is the Medical Doctor (
1190:
for a single woman but it is seldom used in current italian.
887:
for the superior of a Catholic or Orthodox religious order:
1927:
In letters and during conversations, Russian speakers use
1742:(addressed to a group of people, for example a commission)
1863:
are only used in closed communist circles or humorously.
381:<name>, (if the gender of the reader is unknown).
347:<name>, (If the gender of the reader is unknown).
2321:
1128:
Further details in the German Knowledge (XXG) article
2185:
In an informal salutation, one can also use "Sevgili
2135:చిరంజీవి లక్ష్మీ సౌభాగ్యవతి చందన కు, (Mrs. Chandana,)
1496:(Mr.) can also be used on its own, when appropriate.
1403:
for a group of men or a mixed group of men and women;
1250:
for orchestra directors, choir directors and soloists
289:(শ্রদ্ধেয়) (if the gender of the reader is unknown).
883:
Monseigneur l'Évèque / l'Archevêque / le Patriarche,
768:, whereas a letter sent to "M./Mme N. N." will not.
2007:In less formal conversations it is possible to use
358:<name>, (For either Male and Female readers).
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2130:చిరంజీవి గౌతం సాగర్, (Little Master Gowtham Sagar)
1591:When the addressee has additional titles, such as
1553:in English). When the recipient is known by name,
1065:Informal salutations in German tend to begin with
206:(to), followed by the salutation and a full name.
167:if female. It is commonly followed by a full name.
1034:, while the female formal salutation begins with
472:In older British usage and current US usage, the
404:(John) so his name is written with first name as
2290:"'Mademoiselle' banned on official French forms"
2189:", which has almost the same meaning with "Dear
2126:శ్రీమతి సుబ్బలక్ష్మి గారికి, (Mrs. Subbalakshmi)
1236:Chiarissimo Professore/Chiarissima Professoressa
845:for the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople:
156:For formal correspondence, it is common to use:
2322:"Find the right Salutation for a name (german)"
2122:పూజ్యనీయులైన నాన్నగారికి, (Respectful Father,)
2223:, e.g. Miss, Mrs, Ms, Mr, Sir, Dr, Lady, Lord
2076:"Estimada amiga" or "Querida amiga" (female).
1005:for a female superior officer (except navy):
955:: "(Most) Dear Father/Brother/Mother/Sister".
820:for a non sovereign prince or a French Duke:
8:
981:for a female general officer (except navy):
420:The salutation "Dear" in combination with a
2132:చిరంజీవి శ్రీజన్య, (Little Miss Sreejanya,)
2120:శ్రీ నరసింహ రాజు గారు, (Mr. Narasimharaju,)
1687:Stimate Domnule Academician Mihai Ungureanu
1444:(Mr.) and almost always abbreviated (e.g.
1230:Egregio Professor(e)/Gentile Professoressa
194:if female. To address a group of people,
1884:The oldest surviving document written in
1748:(addressed to a group of representatives)
1205:If the recipient holds a specific title:
912:Monsieur le Curé / l'Archiprêtre / l'Abbé
861:(Illustrissime et) Éminentissime Seigneur
450:(If the gender of the reader is unknown).
244:Sadati members of the team Almuh-tarameen
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2079:"Estimadas amigas" (a group of females).
1342:Ba salam va ehteram (با سلام و احترام),
375:<name>, (If the reader is Female).
331:<name>, (If the reader is Female).
2259:
2162:(if the intended recipient is female),
1823:, it was generally frowned upon to use
1698:(the former is the recommended version)
1339:, following the above-mentioned titles.
295:(স্নেহের) (if address someone younger).
1121:. The same applies to female variant,
924:("My Brother"), depending on the order
680:Monsieur/Madame le (Premier) Ministre,
562:, unless one knows the person prefers
369:<name>, (If the reader is Male).
325:<name>, (If the reader is Male).
2166:(if the intended recipient is male).
2137:ఛి. ల. సౌ. చందన కు, (Mrs. Chandana,)
1349:Ba dorood va salam (با درود و سلام),
1009:according to the rank of the officer,
1002:according to the rank of the officer,
935:("My Sister"), depending on the order
341:and nowadays considered patronizing).
7:
1242:Magnifico Rettore/Magnifica Rettrice
1220:Egregio Dottor(e)/Gentile Dottoressa
698:In this case, one should always use
624:) followed by a person's name (e.g.
182:if female, followed by a first name.
54:adding citations to reliable sources
2234:, i.e. Styles and manner of address
1144:Formal ways of salutation include "
1119:Sehr geehrter Herr Professor Krämer
1103:Herr Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Krämer
1801:(used usually with the first name)
1669:Stimate Domnule Profesor Ungureanu
1616:are best avoided. An exception is
1060:Sehr geehrte(r) Herr/ Frau Schmidt
828:for Catholic or Orthodox clerics:
186:For more informal correspondence,
14:
2087:Formal Letter to unknown receipt.
2059:Formal salutations. Only written.
1575:(used when the reader is unknown)
1527:(informally, Dear), only in some
1353:; dorood is Persian term meaning
1048:Sehr geehrter Herr Johann Schmidt
960:for members of the armed forces:
546:, and an adult or married woman,
400:(Mr. From the Mountain) is named
2357:
1839:) to address people, preferring
1238:for university senior professors
1085:(female), meaning "dear", (e.g.
30:
1960:followed by the given name and
1679:(first two versions are better)
1677:Stimate Domnule Prof. Ungureanu
1665:(the former shows more respect)
1351:with (my) greetings and regards
1344:with (my) greetings and regards
1012:for other members of the army:
870:in private correspondence, and
732:(for the wife of an ambassador)
252:Sa'adat Alostatha Sarah Ibrahim
248:Sa'adat Alostath Ahmed Abdullah
240:Sa'adat Assayidah Sarah Ibrahim
41:needs additional citations for
2268:"How to write a formal letter"
1728:Mult stimată Doamnă Președinte
1599:, they are interposed between
1485:(Your Majesty) abbreviated as
1123:Sehr geehrte Frau Prof. Krämer
1115:Sehr geehrter Herr Dr. Schmidt
1050:). With an unknown recipient,
692:Monsieur/Madame le Professeur,
674:Monsieur/Madame le Chancelier,
668:Monsieur/Madame l'Ambassadeur,
236:Sa'adat Assayid Ahmed Abdullah
1:
2362:The dictionary definition of
1722:Mult stimate Domnule Director
1659:Stimate Domnule Dr. Ungureanu
1284:Besmehi ta'ala (بسمه تعالی),
1052:Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren
1044:Sehr geehrte Frau Dr. Schmidt
988:for a navy superior officer:
686:Monsieur/Madame le Directeur,
682:("Mr./Madam (Prime) Minister)
662:Monsieur/Madame le Président,
228:Member of the team Al A'ezzaa
171:For informal correspondence:
2288:Samuel, Henry (2012-02-22).
1911:of the region at that time.
1903:, contained a salutation in
1875:Stimată Cetățeancă Ungureanu
1752:Stimați/Onorați Participanți
1654:Examples for use of titles:
1573:Stimate Domn, Stimată Doamnă
1547:Stimate Domn, Stimată Doamnă
1332:Salam Alaykom (سلام علیکم),
1301:(بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم), a
1291:Be name Khoda (به نام خدا),
1184:if followed by the surname).
996:Mon Colonel / Mon Commandant
963:for a navy general officer:
738:(for the wife of an officer)
224:A'ezza'e members of the team
2124:కుమారి వందన, (Miss Vandana)
1938:(according to gender – M/F)
1683:Stimate Domnule Academician
758:Monsieur/Madame le Docteur,
744:(for the wife of a colonel)
190:if the reader is male, and
163:if the reader is male, and
21:Salutation (disambiguation)
2403:
2382:Greeting words and phrases
2227:Honorifics (other nations)
2020:(addressing a young woman)
1879:Stimate Cetățean Ungureanu
1871:Stimate Tovarășe Ungureanu
1821:Romania's communist period
1579:Stimate Domnule Ungureanu,
1040:Sehr geehrter Herr Schmidt
468:(If the reader is female).
18:
2002:Уважаемая госпожа Иванова
1997:Уважаемый господин Иванов
1734:Onorate Domnule Ungureanu
1696:Stimată Doamnă Directoare
1585:Stimată Doamnă Ungureanu,
1476:, being the abbreviation
1423:is often abbreviated as:
1210:Signor/Signora Presidente
595:in front of the address:
2014:(addressing a young man)
1730:(for a president, woman)
1673:Stimate Domnule Profesor
1390:, for example, becomes:
1299:Besmellahe Rahmane Rahim
1105:, and can leave out the
752:, it is possible to use
462:(If the reader is male).
299:Jahar Prôti Iha prôjojyô
1787:would be too familiar.
1775:(equivalent to English
1767:(equivalent to English
1692:Stimată Doamnă Director
1649:profesoară universitară
1226:if followed by surname)
676:("Mr./Madam Chancellor)
670:("Mr./Madam Ambassador)
622:Madame/Monsieur/Docteur
260:May god protect him/her
16:Greeting word or phrase
1920:
1663:Stimate Domnule Doctor
1651:is not in common use.
1472:), often addressed as
1419:The formal expression
1383:) and addressee name.
1244:for university rectors
998:, and a female writer
974:, and a female writer
897:Ma Très Révérende Mère
889:Mon Très Révérend Père
748:If the recipient is a
730:Madame l'Ambassadrice,
694:("Mr./Madam Professor)
664:("Mr./Madam President)
454:To Whom It May Concern
303:To Whom It May Concern
2102:for Deceased person.
1913:
1746:Onorați Reprezentanți
1724:(for a director, man)
1706:(esteemed), becoming
1421:Excelentíssimo Senhor
1415:for a group of women.
1377:Excelentíssimo Senhor
1073:(north of Hannover),
853:Monsieur le Cardinal,
688:("Mr./Madam Director)
408:and with initials as
256:May god bless him/her
2346:on January 25, 2006.
2030:Informal salutations
1759:Informal salutations
1645:profesor universitar
1529:Santa Catarina state
1500:Informal salutations
1286:in his almighty name
1201:Specific salutations
1007:Colonel / Commandant
1000:Colonel / Commandant
866:for a papal nunzio,
849:("Most Holy Father")
822:Prince, / Princesse,
742:Madame la Colonelle,
649:Specific salutations
626:Cher Monsieur Dupuis
379:Beste meneer/mevrouw
345:Geachte heer/mevrouw
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
2270:. Library.bcu.ac.uk
2092:A quien corresponda
1710:(much esteemed) or
1169:Standard salutation
901:Révérendissime Mère
893:Révérendissime Père
760:or, more casually,
756:or, more formally,
736:Madame la Générale,
616:A salutation using
605:Chère Mademoiselle,
525:Standard salutation
433:a title of address
275:a title of address
165:Sa'adat As'Sayyidah
2221:English honorifics
1563:Stimată Domnișoară
1541:Formal salutations
1367:Formal salutations
1307:in the name of God
1293:in the name of God
1032:Sehr geehrter Herr
953:(Très) Chère Sœur,
950:(Très) Chère Mère,
947:(Très) Cher Frère,
872:Monsieur le Nonce,
800:for a king/queen:
777:Académie française
335:Geachte mejuffrouw
2387:Letters (message)
1888:, a 16th-century
1633:Doamnă Directoare
1551:Dear Sir or Madam
1276:Formal salutation
1188:Gentile Signorina
1056:Dear Sir or Madam
1036:Sehr geehrte Frau
1014:Monsieur / Madame
944:(Très) Cher Père,
931:("My Mother") or
920:("My Father") or
874:for official uses
855:or less formally
448:Dear Sir or Madam
398:Dhr. Van den Berg
126:
125:
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2309:
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2264:
2232:Forms of address
1955:Глубокоуважаемая
1951:Глубокоуважаемый
1899:to the mayor of
1099:Herr Dr. Schmidt
847:Très Saint Père,
837:Très Saint Père,
406:Jan van den Berg
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2012:Молодой человек
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1740:Onorată Comisie
1629:Doamnă Director
1555:Stimate Domnule
1549:(equivalent to
1543:
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1502:
1369:
1364:
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1257:
1248:Maestro/Maestra
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1194:Gentile Signora
1178:Egregio Signore
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655:Monsieur/Madame
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329:Geachte mevrouw
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106:September 2024
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2182:"Hanim/Bey".
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868:Monseigneur,
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762:Cher Docteur
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65:"Salutation"
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2216:Valediction
2176:Sayin Erten
2172:Nihan Hanim
1809:Salut Mihai
1799:Dragă Mihai
1708:mult stimat
1631:instead of
1305:phrase for
1087:Lieber Paul
972:Mon Général
927:for a nun:
786:(feminine:
216:Azizi Ahmed
200:Al A'ezza'a
146:valediction
2376:Categories
2365:salutation
2307:2018-03-02
2274:2016-06-27
2254:References
2204:patronymic
1992:Examples:
1962:patronymic
1894:Wallachian
1866:Examples:
1790:Examples:
1717:Examples:
1641:Profesoară
1568:Examples:
1492:The title
1454:Engenheiro
1446:Arquitecto
1434:Exma. Sra.
1430:for a man;
1397:for a man;
1375:(Dear) or
1362:Portuguese
1081:(male) or
990:Commandant
859:(formerly
640:Cher/Chère
633:Cher/Chère
618:Chère/Cher
593:Cher/Chère
536:for a man.
466:Dear Madam
287:Shrôddheyô
136:used in a
130:salutation
76:newspapers
2302:0307-1235
2197:Ukrainian
2117:Example:
1973:Гражданка
1969:Гражданин
1936:Уважаемая
1932:Уважаемый
1831:(meaning
1428:Exmo. Sr.
1270:ehteramat
1255:Malayalam
1130:de:Anrede
1054:(meaning
922:Mon Frère
857:Éminence,
716:, Madame
712:, Madame
586:Monsieur,
534:Monsieur,
509:Messieurs
482:full stop
2210:See also
1978:Господин
1905:Slavonic
1886:Romanian
1861:cetățean
1845:cetățean
1637:Profesor
1597:Profesor
1536:Romanian
1313:Titles:
1154:Shrimati
918:Mon Père
908:Mon Père
831:for the
754:Docteur,
460:Dear Sir
210:Example:
196:A'ezza'e
134:greeting
2148:Surname
2141:Turkish
2025:Spanish
2018:Девушка
1987:Товарищ
1982:Госпожа
1923:Russian
1892:from a
1857:tovarăș
1841:tovarăș
1819:During
1601:Domnule
1531:regions
1525:Querida
1521:Querido
1511:(hello)
1303:Quranic
1264:Persian
1164:Italian
983:Général
976:Général
965:Admiral
933:Ma Sœur
929:Ma Mère
816:Madame,
806:Madame,
766:Docteur
708:Madame
581:Madame,
540:Madame,
505:Messrs.
416:English
339:archaic
266:Bengali
192:Azizati
180:Al okht
90:scholar
2300:
2238:Salute
2174:" or "
2106:Telugu
1901:Brașov
1890:letter
1853:doamnă
1829:doamnă
1712:onorat
1704:stimat
1622:Doctor
1605:Doamnă
1593:Doctor
1474:Doutor
1337:to you
1224:Dottor
1182:Signor
1150:Sriman
1079:Lieber
1075:Servus
1023:German
773:Maître
750:doctor
700:Madame
560:Madame
556:Madame
548:Madame
520:French
499:Master
293:Snehôr
176:Al akh
152:Arabic
138:letter
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2160:Hanim
2097:Tamil
1897:boyar
1815:Other
1785:dragă
1781:hello
1773:salut
1765:dragă
1614:Acad.
1610:Prof.
1462:Padre
1413:Caras
1401:Caros
1355:hello
1335:Salam
1136:Hindi
1117:, or
1101:, or
1083:Liebe
1067:Hallo
802:Sire,
426:title
424:or a
356:Beste
310:Dutch
188:Azizi
142:title
132:is a
97:JSTOR
83:books
2298:ISSN
2191:Name
2187:Name
1907:, a
1849:domn
1837:Mrs.
1825:domn
1769:dear
1620:for
1517:(hi)
1487:S.M.
1458:Eng.
1450:Arq.
1407:Cara
1395:Caro
1388:Caro
1381:Eng.
1373:Caro
1152:", "
1148:", "
1146:Shri
1111:Frau
1107:Herr
1071:Moin
833:Pope
431:both
422:name
273:both
69:news
2248:Sir
2193:".
2178:".
2164:Bey
1859:or
1833:Mr.
1618:Dr.
1612:or
1595:or
1557:or
1509:Olá
1494:Sr.
1478:Dr.
1466:Pe.
1442:Sr.
1109:or
1062:).
1042:or
910:or
899:or
891:or
790:).
507:or
435:and
402:Jan
277:and
258:or
226:or
204:Ela
52:by
2378::
2296:.
2292:.
1980:/
1971:/
1953:/
1944:/
1934:/
1877:;
1873:;
1807:;
1797:;
1779:,
1777:hi
1694:;
1685:;
1675:;
1671:;
1661:;
1523:/
1515:Oi
1489:.
1464:–
1456:–
1448:–
1132:.
1125:.
1089:,
895:/
835::
804:/
779:.
722:)
657::
635:.
566:.
489:Mx
478:Mx
305:).
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222:,
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128:A
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104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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