2960:, I wanted to make it as useful as possible, so I spent six weeks compiling all of the entries. In order to relieve the tedium of index preparation, and to underscore the fact that my index was trying to be complete, I decided to include the full name of every author who was cited, whenever possible. ... Over the years, many people have told me how they've greatly appreciated this feature of my books. It has turned out to be a beautiful way to relish the fact that computer science is the result of thousands of individual contributions from people with a huge variety of cultural backgrounds. ... The
655:
1463:
3572:
question marks and exclamation points, there seems little likelihood that readers will be misled concerning the period or comma. There may be some risk in such specialized material as textual criticism, but in that case author and editors may take care to avoid the danger by alternative phrasing or by employing, in this exacting field, the exacting
British system. In linguistic and philosophical works, specialized terms are regularly punctuated the British way, along with the use of single quotation marks.
871:
572:
454:. If the abbreviation ends a declaratory sentence there is no additional period immediately following the full stop that ends the abbreviation (e.g. "My name is Gabriel Gama Jr."). Though two full stops (one for the abbreviation, one for the sentence ending) might be expected, conventionally only one is written. This is an intentional omission, and thus not
3606:
others follow the closing quotation marks. ... In the kind of textual studies where retaining the original placement of a comma in relation to closing quotation marks is essential to the author's argument and scholarly integrity, the alternative system described in 6.10 could be used, or rephrasing might avoid the problem.
3571:
The
British style is strongly advocated by some American language experts. In defense of nearly a century and a half of the American style, however, it may be said that it seems to have been working fairly well and has not resulted in serious miscommunication. Whereas there clearly is some risk with
2351:
According to
Gretchen McCulloch, an internet linguist, using a full stop to end messages is seen as "rude" by more and more people. She said this can be attributed to the way we text and use instant messaging apps like WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger. She added that the default way to break up one's
1330:
newspapers. American and
Canadian English mostly prefers and uses colons (:) (i.e., 11:15 PM/pm/p.m. or 23:15 for AmE/CanE and 11.15 pm or 23.15 for BrE), so does the BBC, but only with 24-hour times, according to its news style guide as updated in August 2020. The point as a time separator is also
3605:
According to what is sometimes called the
British style (set forth in The Oxford Guide to Style ; see bibliog. 1.1.]), a style also followed in other English-speaking countries, only those punctuation points that appeared in the original material should be included within the quotation marks; all
639:
In the more prevalent usage in
English-speaking countries, as well as in South Asia and East Asia, the point represents a decimal separator, visually dividing whole numbers from fractional (decimal) parts. The comma is then used to separate the whole-number parts into groups of three digits each,
1353:
The practice in the United States and Canada is to place full stops and commas inside quotation marks in most styles. In the
British system, which is also called "logical quotation", full stops and commas are placed according to grammatical sense: This means that when they are part of the quoted
2333:
performed a small study, published in 2016, on young adults and found that text messages that included sentences ended with full stops—as opposed to those with no terminal punctuation—were perceived as insincere, though they stipulated that their results apply only to this particular medium of
1427:, but in fact that convention replicates much earlier typography—the intent was to provide a clear break between sentences. This spacing method was gradually replaced by the single space convention in published print, where space is at a premium, and continues in much digital media.
2828:
Use a period after a person's initials. Examples: A. A. Milne ... L.B.Peep W157 ... Use
Periods With Initials Name. Initials are abbreviations for parts of a person's name. ... Date: Add periods at the ends of sentences, after abbreviations, and after
2334:
communication: "Our sense was, is that because were informal and had a chatty kind of feeling to them, that a period may have seemed stuffy, too formal, in that context," said head researcher
Cecelia Klin. The study did not find handwritten notes to be affected.
1246:; its use "in telegraphic communications was greatly increased during the World War, when the Government employed it widely as a precaution against having messages garbled or misunderstood, as a result of the misplacement or emission [
2343:
stated that the line break had become the default method of punctuation in texting, comparable to the use of line breaks in poetry, and that a period at the end of a sentence causes the tone of the message to be perceived as cold, angry or
291:
In practice, scribes mostly employed the terminal dot; the others fell out of use and were later replaced by other symbols. From the 9th century onwards, the full stop began appearing as a low mark (instead of a high one), and by the time
1260:
In
British English, the words "full stop" at the end of an utterance strengthen it; they indicate that it admits of no discussion: "I'm not going with you, full stop." In American English, the word "period" serves this function.
471:, "If the abbreviation includes both the first and last letter of the abbreviated word, as in 'Mister' and 'Doctor' , a full stop is not used." This does not include, for example, the standard abbreviations for titles such as
662:
The more prevalent usage in much of Europe, southern Africa, and Latin America (with the exception of Mexico due to the influence of the United States), reverses the roles of the comma and point, but sometimes substitutes a
442:. British usage is less strict. A few style guides discourage full stops after initials. However, there is a general trend and initiatives to spell out names in full instead of abbreviating them in order to avoid ambiguity.
458:, which is unintentional omission of a duplicate. In the case of an interrogative or exclamatory sentence ending with an abbreviation, a question or exclamation mark can still be added (e.g. "Are you Gabriel Gama Jr.?").
4001:
1381:
by Fowler and Fowler, published in 1906. Prior to the influence of this work, the typesetter's or printer's style, or "closed convention", now also called American style, was common throughout the world.
825:
The Serbian standard of Serbo-Croatian (unlike the Croatian and Bosnian standards) uses the dot in role of the ordinal indicator only past Arabic numerals, while Roman numerals are used without a dot. In
707:, which utilizes commas and decimals much like the aforementioned system popular in most English-speaking countries, but separates values of one hundred thousand and above differently, into divisions of
1354:
material, they should be placed inside, and otherwise should be outside. For example, they are placed outside in the cases of words-as-words, titles of short-form works, and quoted sentence fragments.
2956:
is that its biographies generally reveal a person's full and complete name, including the correct way to spell it in different alphabets and scripts. ... When I prepared the index ... of
151:(e.g. "U.S.A."). However, the use of full stops after letters in an initialism or acronym is declining, and many of these without punctuation have become accepted norms (e.g., "UK" and "NATO").
1375:
The use of placement according to logical or grammatical sense, or "logical convention", now the more common practice in regions other than North America, was advocated in the influential book
1510:. The low dot was increasingly but irregularly used to mark full stops after the 9th century and was fully adapted after the advent of print. The teleia should also be distinguished from the
2409:
technically applies only when the mark is used to end a sentence, the distinction – drawn since at least 1897 – is not maintained by all modern style guides and dictionaries.
332:), and continued the Greek underdot's earlier function as a comma between phrases. It shifted its meaning, to a dot marking a full stop, in the works of the 16th-century grammarians.
2889:
1599:
359:
was only used to refer to the punctuation mark when it was used to terminate a sentence. This terminological distinction seems to be eroding. For example, the 1998 edition of
5262:
4015:
Gunraj, Danielle; Drumm-Hewitt, April; Dashow, Erica; Upadhyay, Sri Siddhi; Klim, Celia (February 2016) . "Texting insincerely: The role of the period in text messaging".
746:: 5.2 · 2 = 10.4. The interpunct is also used when multiplying units in science – for example, 50 km/h could be written as 50 km·h – and to indicate a
3410:
Numbers ... time references ... Hours: We use the 24-hour clock (with a colon) in all circumstances (including streaming), labelled GMT or BST as appropriate.
3342:
3997:
3478:
Punctuation marks are placed inside the quotation marks only if the sense of the punctuation is part of the quotation; this system is referred to as logical quotation.
1681:(U+0965 "Devanagari Double Danda") is used to mark the end of a poetic verse. However, some languages that are written in Devanagari use the Latin full stop, such as
3774:
Manual of Style: A Compilation of Typographical Rules Governing the Publications of The University of Chicago, with Specimens of Types Used at the University Press
355:
was used as a name for what printers often called the "full point", the punctuation mark that was a dot on the baseline and used in several situations. The phrase
1446:
system. Modern computer-based digital fonts can adjust the spacing after terminal punctuation as well, creating a space slightly wider than a standard word space.
4045:
1368:
There is some national crossover. The American style is common in British fiction writing. The British style is sometimes used in American English. For example,
2964:
has just launched a great initiative by which all authors can now fully identify themselves ... I strongly encourage everybody to document their full names
3434:
3023:
4116:
3490:
3448:
2767:
1268:
is found in the phrase "And that's on period", which is used to express the strength of the speaker's previous statement, usually to emphasise an opinion.
3082:
413:
Full stops are the most commonly used punctuation marks; analysis of texts indicate that approximately half of all punctuation marks used are full stops.
3373:
2476:
1339:(RTÉ), and to a lesser extent in Australian, Cypriot, Maltese, New Zealand, South African and other Commonwealth English varieties outside Canada.
143:, it is used in both cases. It may be placed after an initial letter used to abbreviate a word. It is often placed after each individual letter in
4577:
3621:
The Elements of International English Style: A Guide to Writing Correspondence, Reports, Technical Documents Internet Pages For a Global Audience
522:
in particular. However, this depends much upon the house style of a particular writer or publisher. As some examples from American style guides,
3930:
3912:
3862:
3660:
3629:
3538:
3213:
3168:
2806:
2795:
2698:
2673:
2648:
2989:
2881:
1820:(U+0F0E "Tibetan Mark Nyis Shad") marks end of a whole topic. The descendants of Tibetic script also use similar symbols: For example, the
1372:
recommends it for fields where comma placement could affect the meaning of the quoted material, such as linguistics and textual criticism.
742:
sign; for example, 5,2 . 2 = 10,4; this usage is impractical in cases where the point is used as a decimal separator, hence the use of the
3287:
1265:
5338:
3981:
3888:
3786:
3755:
3737:
3598:
3500:
3325:
3259:
3054:
2744:
2524:
1040:
uses it both as a means of accessing a member of a record set (the equivalent of struct in C), a member of an object, and after the
918:
851:
611:
4993:
4109:
2867:
2556:
2548:
361:
1334:
838:
In modern texts, multilevel numbered headings are widely used. E.g. number 2.3.1.5 is a 4th level heading within the chapter 2.
2957:
1277:
1013:
654:
3923:
The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation: An Easy-to-Use Guide with Clear Rules, Real-World Examples, and Reproducible Quizzes
3619:
3350:
3111:
1587:
1085:
896:
593:
534:
3688:
2940:
3398:
3019:
2985:
2961:
1595:
1057:
1037:
1033:
5285:
2761:"A Comparison of the Frequency of Number/Punctuation and Number/Letter Combinations in Literary and Technical Materials"
3559:
5008:
4102:
4042:
3778:
2419:
1435:
1029:
524:
3804:
Linotype Keyboard Operation: Methods of Study and Procedures for Setting Various Kinds of Composition on the Linotype
2907:
1761:: "෴" (U+0DF4 "Sinhala Punctuation Kunddaliya") was used before the colonial era. Periods were later introduced into
1438:
typesetting practices (until the early 20th century). It has also been used in other typesetting systems such as the
881:
3703:
3426:
3011:
1745:(U+1C7F "Ol Chiki Punctuation Double Mucaad") to indicate a major break, like end of section, although rarely used.
3090:
2885:
1348:
1045:
892:
589:
20:
4077:
900:
885:
582:
2591:
1396:
There have been a number of practices relating to the spacing after a full stop. Some examples are listed below:
1025:
538:(primarily for journalism) dispenses with full points in acronyms except for certain two-letter cases, including
397:
377:
when it was employed at the end of a sentence; the 2015 edition, however, treats them as synonymous (and prefers
214:
3463:
2760:
1950:
and several other Ethiopian and Eritrean languages, the equivalent of the full stop following a sentence is the
1602:, the full stop is sometimes positioned to the top-right or in the top- to center-middle. In Unicode, it is the
1409:
1112:
1021:
1009:
3365:
1794:. A sentence is written without spaces and a space is typically used to mark the end of a clause or sentence.
528:(primarily for book and academic-journal publishing) deprecates the use of full points in acronyms, including
3513:
In the British style (OUP 1983), all signs of punctuation used with words and quotation marks must be placed
2491:
3822:
3205:
2596:
1301:
704:
24:
3459:
1462:
1296:, the dot is commonly used and some style guides recommend it when telling time, including those from non-
170:
90:
2418:
This trend has progressed somewhat more slowly in the English dialect of the United States than in other
5280:
4394:
2863:
2330:
1570:
1487:
187:
130:
1377:
239:
The full stop at the end of a completed thought or expression was marked by a high dot ⟨˙⟩, called the
5333:
5307:
5290:
5176:
4751:
4094:
3283:
2378:
2367:
1878:
1790:
1640:
1309:
1239:
1089:
1081:
1005:
830:, the period can be omitted if there is no ambiguity whether a given numeral is ordinal or cardinal.
319:
107:
82:
4811:
1960:. The two dots on the right are slightly ascending from the two on the left, with space in between.
5297:
5023:
4921:
4766:
4334:
4179:
4149:
4054:
3199:
2339:
1562:
1551:
1049:
633:
383:
3176:
2803:
1644:
5312:
5302:
2977:
2928:
2345:
1566:
1104:
1069:
944:
847:
799:
791:
767:
3904:
3898:
4649:
4592:
3977:
3971:
3926:
3908:
3884:
3858:
3807:
3782:
3751:
3733:
3656:
3625:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3534:
3496:
3331:
3321:
3275:
3255:
3209:
3050:
2791:
2740:
2737:
2731:
2694:
2669:
2644:
2610:
2520:
2443:
2361:
1886:
1854:
1697:
1656:
1535:
1361:
Bruce Springsteen, nicknamed "the Boss", performed "American Skin". (logical or British style)
1358:
Bruce Springsteen, nicknamed "the Boss," performed "American Skin." (closed or American style)
1223:
1183:
1154:
1150:
807:
759:
629:
210:
174:
5038:
4959:
4883:
4543:
4024:
2560:
2372:
1947:
1894:
1890:
1762:
1754:
1741:(U+1C7E "Ol Chiki Punctuation Mucaad") to mark the end of sentence. Similarly, it also uses
1730:
1711:
1693:
1682:
1439:
1391:
1188:
1162:
819:
811:
803:
787:
779:
483:
340:
279:) or "underdot", marked a division in a thought occasioning a shorter breath (essentially a
140:
2705:
Essentially the same text is found in the previous edition under various titles, including
5269:
5211:
4826:
4049:
3704:"Why two spaces after a period isn't wrong (or, the lies typographers tell about history)"
2810:
1825:
1734:
1660:
1420:
1416:
827:
815:
795:
775:
763:
738:
In countries that use the comma as a decimal separator, the point is sometimes found as a
479:("Rev."), because they do not end with the last letter of the word they are abbreviating.
336:
122:
3531:
Butcher's Copy-editing: The Cambridge Handbook for Editors, Copy-editors and Proofreaders
1943:
1242:
in the United States in place of the full stop. The end of a sentence would be marked by
1142:
operating systems, some applications treat files or directories that start with a dot as
3772:
5073:
4251:
2235:
1846:
1821:
1803:
1774:
1689:
1405:
783:
771:
739:
554:
548:
514:). The punctuation is somewhat more often used in American English, most commonly with
439:
309:
221:. In his system, there were a series of dots whose placement determined their meaning.
2859:
5327:
5161:
4781:
4709:
4528:
4505:
3818:
3655:(2nd ed.). Berkeley / Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 113.
3317:
3251:
1850:
1785:
1726:
1707:
1467:
1314:
1293:
1289:
1053:
948:
677:
1.002.003,007 or 1 002 003,007 (one million two thousand three and seven thousandths)
1419:"). It is sometimes claimed that the two-space convention stems from the use of the
5246:
4906:
4664:
4463:
3653:
The Copyeditor's Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications
1401:
1320:
1168:
462:
451:
118:
3229:
3119:
3044:
2953:
1667:(U+0964 "Devanagari Danda") is used to mark the end of a sentence. It is known as
3680:
2785:
502:, the modern style is generally to not use full points after each initial (e.g.:
421:
Full stops indicate the end of sentences that are not questions or exclamations.
4694:
4630:
4615:
4558:
4126:
3394:
2727:
2135:
1715:
1503:
1305:
1143:
1100:
870:
747:
571:
455:
435:
323:
103:
3492:
Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors and Publishers
486:, the common convention is to include the period after all such abbreviations.
5134:
4936:
4864:
4228:
4130:
4028:
1648:
1519:
1511:
1424:
1132:
743:
692:
682:
499:
193:
148:
3900:
Grammar Girl's Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing (Quick and Dirty Tips)
3335:
2932:
850:, the period glyph used to indicate how expressions should be bracketed (see
434:
It is usual in North American English to use full stops after initials; e.g.
263:), marked a division in a thought occasioning a longer breath (essentially a
5274:
5092:
4679:
4349:
4289:
4194:
3555:
3313:
1765:
after the introduction of paper due to the influence of European languages.
1591:
1586:, a small circle used as a full stop instead of a solid dot. When used with
1523:
1326:
1177:
1139:
1065:
940:
932:
725:
10,02,003.007 (one million two thousand three and seven thousandths, or ten
681:(To avoid problems with spaces, another convention sometimes used is to use
664:
264:
1920:) is used as a full stop at the end of sentences and in abbreviations. It (
1146:. This means that they are not displayed or listed to the user by default.
154:
The mark is also used to indicate omitted characters or, in a series as an
2903:
326:
treatment on grammar. There, it was distinguished from the full stop (the
5192:
4978:
4724:
4379:
4364:
3998:"You Should Watch The Way You Punctuate Your Text Messages – Period"
3750:(3.0 ed.). Washington / Vancouver: Hartley & Marks. p. 28.
3707:
1882:
1719:
1674:
1431:
700:
293:
155:
111:
3852:
3118:. Oxford University Press. 2017. "Abbreviations" section. Archived from
5230:
5119:
4304:
4069:
3811:
3346:
1491:
1108:
596: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
495:
296:
began in Western Europe, the lower dot was regular and then universal.
144:
3089:. Oxford University Press. 2017. "Punctuation" section. Archived from
4440:
4209:
2906:. Third Text: Critical perspectives on contemporary art and culture.
2847:
Use periods with initials: George W. Bush ... Carolyn B. Maloney
2517:
Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation
1624:
1128:
1061:
2904:"Authors Guide-lines for Electronic Submission of MSS to Third Text"
650:
1,002,003.007 (one million two thousand three and seven thousandths)
3869:
First published 1991 by Addison Wesley, Wokingham 978-0-201-56882-0
2643:(Revised 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 317–318.
1490:
as a Latin full stop and encoded identically with the full stop in
1017:
4841:
4796:
4319:
4164:
3881:
The Complete Manual of Typography: A Guide to Setting Perfect Type
3730:
The Complete Manual of Typography: A Guide to Setting Perfect Type
1652:
1408:"). This is the current convention in most countries that use the
1093:
696:
688:
625:
280:
3830:
1226:
level designation, but actual usage is entirely vendor specific.
4486:
2401:
This sentence-ending use, alone, defines the strictest sense of
1927:
1898:
1300:
public broadcasters in the UK, the academic manual published by
1120:
1073:
135:
106:
mark used for several purposes, most often to mark the end of a
19:
This article is about the punctuation mark. For other uses, see
4098:
3046:
New Hart's Rules: The Handbook of Style for Writers and Editors
1700:, the same vertical line ("।") is used for full-stop, known as
1412:
for published and final written work, as well as digital media.
674:
1.002,007 or 1 002,007 (one thousand two and seven thousandths)
173:, a punctuation mark identical to the full stop is used as the
1869:(U+ABEB "Meetei Mayek Cheikhei") to mark the end of sentence.
1443:
1297:
1248:
1189:
read a file and execute its content in the running interpreter
1077:
864:
565:
218:
3589:(15th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 2003. pp.
2736:(Corrected 39th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp.
1813:(U+0F0D "Tibetan Mark Shad") marks end of a section of text;
274:
268:
258:
252:
246:
240:
2668:(4th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 331–332.
2615:
The Bazaar, Exchange and Mart, and Journal of the Household
2352:
thoughts is to send each thought as an individual message.
2375: – Horizontal space between sentences in typeset text
658:
A point used as a thousands separator on a sign in Germany
3925:(10th ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. p. 52.
3529:
Butcher, Judith; Drake, Caroline; Leach, Maureen (2006).
762:. This apply mostly in Central and Northern Europe: in
2841:
Blakesley, David; Hoogeveen, Jeffrey Laurence (2007).
1788:, no symbol corresponding to the full stop is used as
1781:(U+104B "Myanmar Sign Section") is used as full stop.
1545:
1349:
Quotation marks in English § Order of punctuation
1198:
Versions of software are often denoted with the style
3431:
Style Guide of the American Psychological Association
2477:"Period or Comma? Decimal Styles over Time and Place"
1951:
1068:, it marks the end of a statement ("sentence"). In a
3458:. Research Institute of Irish and Scottish Studies,
3069:
Oxford A–Z of Grammar and Punctuation by John Seely.
2208:
PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
1613:
PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
1598:, it is usually aligned to the baseline. In written
628:
is used in the presentation of numbers, either as a
3556:"Frequently Asked Questions Concerning Punctuation"
3197:Waddingham, Anne, ed. (2014). "11.3 Times of day".
1481:
1195:as a synonym, based on that usage in the C-shell.)
1044:construct that defines the body of the program. In
463:
Abbreviation § Periods (full stops) and spaces
46:
39:
34:
1842:(U+1C3C "Lepcha Punctuation Nyet Thyoom Ta-Rol").
722:1,002.007 (one thousand two and seven thousandths)
647:1,002.007 (one thousand two and seven thousandths)
117:A full stop is frequently used at the end of word
758:In many languages, an ordinal dot is used as the
2381: – Marks that identify the end of some text
1280:uses the full stop to signify a syllable break.
3310:The Times Style Guide: A guide to English usage
3234:University of Oxford Public Affairs Directorate
1863:(U+AAF0 "Meetei Mayek Cheikhan") for comma and
251:) or "terminal dot". The "middle dot" ⟨·⟩, the
16:Punctuation to signal the end of a sentence (.)
1539:
1304:under various titles, as well as the internal
1012:uses it as a means of accessing a member of a
4110:
1701:
1590:, the full stop is generally centered on the
1072:, it represents a match of any character. In
369:for the mark used after an abbreviation, but
8:
3702:McKay, John Z. ("Heraclitus") (2011-11-01).
2689:Waddingham, Anne (2014). "4.6: Full point".
2470:
2468:
2438:
2436:
2434:
1171:-derived command-line interpreters, such as
177:and for other purposes, and may be called a
3951:
3945:
3857:. Dante / Lehmans Media. pp. 185–188.
3533:. Cambridge University Press. p. 273.
2666:Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage
1668:
1623:Korean uses the Latin full stop along with
1475:
1332:
1331:used in Irish English, particularly by the
1103:, the dot is commonly used to separate the
899:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
391:). The last edition (1989) of the original
327:
313:
23:. For other uses of the term "period", see
4117:
4103:
4095:
3077:
3075:
2787:A Linguistic Study of American Punctuation
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
1922:
1902:
1107:of a file name from the name of the file.
750:, i.e. the scalar product of two vectors.
3674:
3672:
2804:Frequencies for English Punctuation Marks
2664:Butterfield, Jeremy (2015). "full stop".
1835:(U+1C3B "Lepcha Punctuation Ta-Rol") and
1522:, and principally functions as the Greek
919:Learn how and when to remove this message
729:two thousand three and seven thousandths)
612:Learn how and when to remove this message
5263:Version of this table as a sortable list
3883:. Berkeley: Peachpit Press. p. 80.
3732:. Berkeley: Peachpit Press. p. 80.
2933:"Let's celebrate everybody's full names"
2733:Hart's Rules for Compositors and Readers
2639:Burchfield, R. W. (2010) . "full stop".
1494:, the historic full stop in Greek was a
1461:
653:
2790:. Peter Lang Publishing, Incorporated.
2693:. Oxford University Press. p. 81.
2430:
2394:
1470:manuscript with high dots as full stops
1218:is a mid-cycle enhancement release and
3802:Mergenthaler Linotype Company (1940).
3420:
3418:
2519:. New York: Gotham Books. p. 25.
2294:DUPLOYAN PUNCTUATION CHINOOK FULL STOP
1474:Although the present Greek full stop (
1020:as a means of accessing a member of a
209:The full stop symbol derives from the
31:
4000:. National Public Radio. 2015-12-20.
3903:. New York: Holt Paperbacks. p.
3854:TeX by Topic, A TeXnician's Reference
3456:Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies
2611:"The Workshop: Printing for Amateurs"
2572:
2570:
951:names and software release versions:
640:when numbers are sufficiently large.
469:Oxford A–Z of Grammar and Punctuation
267:), while the low dot ⟨.⟩, called the
7:
5115: ⟨ ⟩
3495:. Cambridge University Press. 2002.
3427:"Punctuating Around Quotation Marks"
1692:script used to write languages like
1288:In British English, whether for the
1111:uses dots to separate levels of the
1008:as an important part of the syntax.
939:in this context, is often used as a
897:adding citations to reliable sources
594:adding citations to reliable sources
3012:"Personalizing your author profile"
2549:"Greek Unicode Issues: Punctuation"
1266:African-American Vernacular English
1153:, the dot character represents the
1115:when writing path names—similar to
1016:, and this syntax was inherited by
935:, the full point, usually called a
3230:"University of Oxford style guide"
2595:(CD-ROM ver. 3.1) (2nd ed.).
1252:] of the tiny dot or period."
14:
3806:. Mergenthaler Linotype Company.
3748:The Elements of Topographic Style
3280:Guardian and Observer style guide
3169:"How to Write Telegrams Properly"
3049:. Oxford University Press. 2005.
3010:Dunne, Edward "Ed" (2015-11-16).
2976:Dunne, Edward "Ed" (2015-09-14).
2448:American Printer and Lithographer
1706:in Bengali. Also, languages like
719:1.007 (one and seven thousandths)
671:1,007 (one and seven thousandths)
644:1.007 (one and seven thousandths)
4004:from the original on 2015-12-21.
3947:Ελληνικός Οργανισμός Τυποποίησης
3691:from the original on 2011-05-07.
3437:from the original on 2017-03-22.
2892:from the original on 2022-04-10.
2870:from the original on 2020-07-31.
2773:from the original on 2013-11-02.
2557:University of California, Irvine
1048:it is also used for generalised
869:
570:
300:Medieval Latin to Modern English
4080:from the original on 2019-08-06
4043:"Stop. Using. Periods. Period."
3562:from the original on 2018-06-13
3401:from the original on 2022-02-16
3376:from the original on 2013-08-05
3290:from the original on 2017-07-09
3026:from the original on 2020-05-04
2992:from the original on 2020-05-24
2958:The Art of Computer Programming
2943:from the original on 2018-01-22
2910:from the original on 2020-08-01
2252:HALFWIDTH IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
1968:Full stop Unicode code points:
1806:uses two different full-stops:
1364:He said, "I love music." (both)
1343:Punctuation styles when quoting
1278:International Phonetic Alphabet
581:needs additional citations for
450:A full stop is used after some
343:both frequently used the terms
181:. In computing, it is called a
3976:. O'Reilly. pp. 502–505.
3823:"Double-spacing after Periods"
3343:"The Times Online Style Guide"
3154:The Associated Press Stylebook
3152:"abbreviations and acronyms".
3083:"Punctuation in abbreviations"
2862:. School of critical studies,
1733:also uses a similar symbol in
1722:scripts) use the same symbol.
1430:One widened space (such as an
1187:, use the dot as a command to
1157:of the file system. Two dots (
1096:a full stop ends a statement.
685:signs (') instead of spaces.)
562:Decimal or thousands separator
535:The Associated Press Stylebook
166:), to indicate omitted words.
1:
4068:Morton, Becky (August 2019).
3679:Manjoo, Farhad (2011-01-13).
3020:American Mathematical Society
2986:American Mathematical Society
2962:American Mathematical Society
2641:Fowler's Modern English Usage
1926:) looks similar to a lowered
1845:However, due to influence of
1651:used to write languages like
1135:systems that succeeded them.
1036:also follow this convention.
362:Fowler's Modern English Usage
125:, primarily truncations like
3624:. M. E. Sharpe. p. 75.
2826:. Vol. 4–5. p. 9.
2337:A 2016 story by Jeff Guo in
2066:CANADIAN SYLLABICS FULL STOP
2024:SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR FULL STOP
1507:
1502:dot functioned as a kind of
1434:). This spacing was seen in
1191:. (Some of these also offer
1088:standard library, it is the
834:Multilevel numbered headings
770:, several Slavic languages (
269:
253:
241:
4017:Computers in Human Behavior
3973:CJKV Information Processing
3829:. Typophile. Archived from
3779:University of Chicago Press
3746:Bringhurst, Robert (2004).
3340:Formerly available online:
3140:The Chicago Manual of Style
2108:COPTIC OLD NUBIAN FULL STOP
1952:
1903:
1550:). It looks similar to the
1546:
1482:
1453:Full stops in other scripts
1370:The Chicago Manual of Style
525:The Chicago Manual of Style
387:does likewise (but prefers
192:to distinguish it from the
185:. It is sometimes called a
5355:
4578:inverted ! and ?
4041:Guo, Jeff (13 June 2016).
3851:Eijkhout, Victor (2014) .
2886:Ecclesiastical Law Journal
2882:"Instructions for authors"
2843:The Brief Thomson Handbook
2784:Meyer, Charles F. (1987).
2490:(2): 42–43. Archived from
2166:LISU PUNCTUATION FULL STOP
2094:MONGOLIAN MANCHU FULL STOP
2038:SYRIAC SUBLINEAR FULL STOP
1389:
1346:
1165:of the working directory.
460:
401:in 2002) exclusively used
308:is first attested (as the
275:
259:
247:
21:Full stop (disambiguation)
18:
5339:Ancient Greek punctuation
5258:
5146:
5050:
4994:sound recording copyright
4948:
4853:
4736:
4604:
4517:
4452:
4278:
4138:
4029:10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.003
3952:
3946:
3618:Weiss, Edmond H. (2015).
3312:(2nd ed.). Glasgow:
2715:The Oxford Guide to Style
2592:Oxford English Dictionary
2420:English language dialects
1540:
1476:
1386:Spacing after a full stop
1333:
1149:In Unix-like systems and
398:The Oxford Guide to Style
215:Aristophanes of Byzantium
110:(as distinguished from a
54:
4070:"Is the full stop rude?"
3897:Fogarty, Mignon (2008).
3372:. University of Sussex.
3202:: The Oxford Style Guide
2444:"The Punctuation Points"
2364: – Numerical symbol
1714:(which respectively use
1663:, etc., a vertical line
1518:stop" but looks like an
1410:ISO basic Latin alphabet
1113:hierarchical file system
947:lookups, Web addresses,
490:Acronyms and initialisms
217:in the 3rd century
3956:. ELOT (Athens), 2001.
3586:Chicago Manual of Style
3308:Brunskill, Ian (2017).
3206:Oxford University Press
2952:One of the delights of
2809:2 November 2013 at the
2730:; et al. (1989) .
2597:Oxford University Press
1677:, an additional symbol
1647:-based scripts. In the
1335:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
1302:Oxford University Press
1131:-based systems and the
846:In older literature on
705:Indian numbering system
335:In 19th-century texts,
287:Medieval simplification
25:Period (disambiguation)
5111: { }
5103: ( )
5088: « »
5084: ‹ ›
5069: " "
5065: ' '
5061: “ ”
5057: ‘ ’
3879:Felici, James (2003).
3728:Felici, James (2003).
3515:according to the sense
3462:. 2008. Archived from
3460:University of Aberdeen
3395:"BBC News Style Guide"
3349:. 2011. Archived from
3116:OxfordDictionaries.com
3087:OxfordDictionaries.com
2822:Barden, Cindy (2007).
2547:Nicolas, Nick (2005).
2475:Williamson, Amelia A.
2137:STENOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
1702:
1669:
1588:traditional characters
1471:
1264:Another common use in
659:
328:
314:
171:English-speaking world
91:North American English
3921:Straus, Jane (2009).
3781:. 1911. p. 101.
3651:Einsohn, Amy (2006).
3425:Lee, Chelsea (2011).
3364:Trask, Larry (1997).
3254:. 2018. p. 185.
3248:Economist Style Guide
3167:Ross, Nelson (1928).
3156:. 2015. pp. 1–2.
2864:University of Glasgow
2454:(6): 278. August 1897
2331:Binghamton University
2308:SIGNWRITING FULL STOP
2280:MEDEFAIDRIN FULL STOP
2152:IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
1881:which are written in
1596:simplified characters
1584:IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
1465:
1006:programming languages
854:Principia Mathematica
667:-)space for a point.
657:
461:Further information:
5308:Japanese punctuation
5009:registered trademark
4894: |
4752:plus and minus signs
4145:
4048:14 June 2016 at the
3370:Guide to Punctuation
3284:Guardian Media Group
3173:The Telegraph Office
2515:Truss, Lynn (2004).
2379:Terminal punctuation
2368:Dot (disambiguation)
1879:Indo-Aryan languages
1791:terminal punctuation
1641:Indo-Aryan languages
1558:Chinese and Japanese
1310:University of Oxford
1214:is a major release,
1090:function composition
1082:string concatenation
893:improve this section
590:improve this article
205:Ancient Greek origin
108:declarative sentence
83:Commonwealth English
5298:Chinese punctuation
5024:service mark symbol
4767:multiplication sign
4285: &
4055:The Washington Post
3970:Lunde, Ken (2009).
3953:ΕΛΟΤ 743, 2η Έκδοση
2929:Knuth, Donald Ervin
2711:Oxford Style Manual
2340:The Washington Post
2266:BASSA VAH FULL STOP
2237:FULLWIDTH FULL STOP
2080:MONGOLIAN FULL STOP
1294:24-hour counterpart
1123:-based systems and
1119:(forward-slash) in
1004:It is used in many
734:Multiplication sign
634:thousands separator
5313:Korean punctuation
5303:Hebrew punctuation
3554:Wilbers, Stephen.
2346:passive-aggressive
2052:ETHIOPIC FULL STOP
1996:ARMENIAN FULL STOP
1901:, a symbol called
1757:, a symbol called
1643:predominantly use
1567:Chinese characters
1514:, which is named "
1472:
1415:Two word spaces ("
1378:The King's English
1070:regular expression
848:mathematical logic
660:
395:(before it became
5321:
5320:
4650:ordinal indicator
4593:irony punctuation
3932:978-0-470-22268-3
3914:978-0-8050-8831-1
3864:978-3-86541-590-5
3770:See for example,
3662:978-0-520-24688-1
3631:978-0-7656-2830-5
3540:978-0-521-84713-1
3250:(12th ed.).
3215:978-0-19-957002-7
2978:"Who wrote that?"
2797:978-0-8204-0522-3
2700:978-0-19-957002-7
2675:978-0-19-966135-0
2650:978-0-19-861021-2
2621:: 333. 1875-11-06
2362:Decimal separator
2329:Researchers from
1855:Manipuri language
1649:Devanagari script
1625:its native script
1594:; when used with
1573:) often includes
1292:or sometimes its
1272:Phonetic alphabet
1210:(or more), where
1155:working directory
1151:Microsoft Windows
1084:operator. In the
1080:, the dot is the
929:
928:
921:
760:ordinal indicator
630:decimal separator
622:
621:
614:
467:According to the
320:Ælfric of Eynsham
211:Greek punctuation
196:(or middle dot).
175:decimal separator
114:or exclamation).
75:
74:
5346:
5270:Currency symbols
5250:
5249:
5243:
5235:
5234:
5233:(paragraph mark)
5227:
5223:
5215:
5214:
5208:
5204:
5196:
5195:
5189:
5181:
5180:
5173:
5165:
5164:
5158:
5154:
5138:
5137:
5131:
5123:
5122:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5096:
5095:
5089:
5085:
5077:
5076:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5042:
5041:
5039:trademark symbol
5035:
5027:
5026:
5020:
5012:
5011:
5005:
4997:
4996:
4990:
4982:
4981:
4975:
4973:
4963:
4962:
4960:copyright symbol
4956:
4940:
4939:
4933:
4925:
4924:
4918:
4910:
4909:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4887:
4886:
4880:
4878:
4868:
4867:
4861:
4845:
4844:
4838:
4830:
4829:
4823:
4815:
4814:
4808:
4800:
4799:
4793:
4785:
4784:
4778:
4770:
4769:
4763:
4755:
4754:
4748:
4744:
4728:
4727:
4721:
4713:
4712:
4706:
4698:
4697:
4691:
4683:
4682:
4676:
4668:
4667:
4661:
4653:
4652:
4646:
4642:
4634:
4633:
4627:
4619:
4618:
4612:
4596:
4595:
4589:
4581:
4580:
4574:
4570:
4562:
4561:
4555:
4547:
4546:
4544:exclamation mark
4540:
4532:
4531:
4525:
4509:
4508:
4502:
4498:
4490:
4489:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4467:
4466:
4460:
4444:
4443:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4398:
4397:
4391:
4383:
4382:
4376:
4368:
4367:
4361:
4353:
4352:
4346:
4338:
4337:
4331:
4323:
4322:
4316:
4308:
4307:
4301:
4293:
4292:
4286:
4270:
4269:
4263:
4255:
4254:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4232:
4231:
4225:
4221:
4213:
4212:
4206:
4198:
4197:
4191:
4183:
4182:
4176:
4168:
4167:
4161:
4153:
4152:
4146:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4096:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4065:
4059:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4012:
4006:
4005:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3967:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3918:
3894:
3876:
3870:
3868:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3815:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3777:(3rd ed.).
3768:
3762:
3761:
3743:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3706:. Archived from
3699:
3693:
3692:
3681:"Space Invaders"
3676:
3667:
3666:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3510:
3509:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3468:
3453:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3339:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3204:(2nd ed.).
3200:New Hart's Rules
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3175:. Archived from
3164:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3079:
3070:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2949:
2948:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2819:
2813:
2802:, referenced in
2801:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2765:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2724:
2718:
2707:New Hart's Rules
2704:
2691:New Hart's Rules
2686:
2680:
2679:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2559:. Archived from
2544:
2531:
2530:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2496:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2440:
2423:
2416:
2410:
2399:
2373:Sentence spacing
2325:In text messages
2320:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2123:
2122:COPTIC FULL STOP
2120:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2010:ARABIC FULL STOP
2008:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1956:"።"—which means
1955:
1937:
1933:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1918:ARABIC FULL STOP
1916:
1913:
1911:
1906:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1819:
1812:
1780:
1763:Sinhalese script
1744:
1740:
1731:Santali language
1705:
1680:
1673:(full stop). In
1672:
1666:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1440:Linotype machine
1392:Sentence spacing
1338:
1337:
1163:parent directory
1161:) represent the
1160:
1127:(back-slash) in
1126:
1118:
924:
917:
913:
910:
904:
873:
865:
617:
610:
606:
603:
597:
574:
566:
484:American English
417:Ending sentences
384:New Hart's Rules
341:American English
331:
317:
278:
277:
272:
262:
261:
256:
250:
249:
244:
165:
161:
141:American English
129:, but not after
100:
71:
66:
63:
60:
58:
47:Other names
32:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5254:
5245:
5242: §
5241:
5239:
5229:
5226: ⸿
5225:
5222: ¶
5221:
5219:
5210:
5207: ⌑
5206:
5203: ◊
5202:
5200:
5191:
5188: ☞
5187:
5185:
5179:(hedera, aldus)
5175:
5172: ❧
5171:
5169:
5160:
5157: ‡
5156:
5153: †
5152:
5150:
5142:
5133:
5130: ”
5129:
5127:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5100:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5081:
5072:
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5064:
5060:
5056:
5054:
5046:
5037:
5033:
5031:
5022:
5018:
5016:
5007:
5004: ®
5003:
5001:
4992:
4989: ℗
4988:
4986:
4977:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4958:
4955: ©
4954:
4952:
4944:
4935:
4932: ·
4931:
4929:
4920:
4917: •
4916:
4914:
4905:
4902: ‖
4901:
4898: ¦
4897:
4893:
4891:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4863:
4860: _
4859:
4857:
4849:
4840:
4837: ^
4836:
4834:
4827:minus-plus sign
4825:
4822: ∓
4821:
4819:
4812:plus–minus sign
4810:
4807: ±
4806:
4804:
4795:
4792: ~
4791:
4789:
4780:
4777: ÷
4776:
4774:
4765:
4762: ×
4761:
4759:
4750:
4747: −
4746:
4743: +
4742:
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4732:
4723:
4720: ⌀
4719:
4717:
4708:
4705: °
4704:
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4693:
4690: ‱
4689:
4687:
4678:
4675: ‰
4674:
4672:
4663:
4660: %
4659:
4657:
4648:
4645: ª
4644:
4641: º
4640:
4638:
4629:
4626: №
4625:
4623:
4614:
4611: #
4610:
4608:
4600:
4591:
4588: ⸮
4587:
4585:
4576:
4573: ¿
4572:
4569: ¡
4568:
4566:
4557:
4554: ‽
4553:
4551:
4542:
4539: !
4538:
4536:
4527:
4524: ?
4523:
4521:
4513:
4504:
4501: ⸗
4500:
4497: ⹀
4496:
4494:
4485:
4482: —
4481:
4478: –
4477:
4474: ‒
4473:
4471:
4462:
4459: -
4458:
4456:
4448:
4439:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4393:
4390: ⁂
4389:
4387:
4378:
4375: *
4374:
4372:
4363:
4360: …
4359:
4357:
4348:
4345: \
4344:
4342:
4333:
4330: /
4329:
4327:
4318:
4315: ^
4314:
4312:
4303:
4300: @
4299:
4297:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4274:
4265:
4262: .
4261:
4259:
4250:
4247: ‴
4246:
4243: ″
4242:
4239: ′
4238:
4236:
4227:
4224: '
4223:
4220: ’
4219:
4217:
4208:
4205: ‐
4204:
4202:
4193:
4190: ;
4189:
4187:
4178:
4175: :
4174:
4172:
4163:
4160: ,
4159:
4157:
4148:
4144:
4142:
4134:
4123:
4093:
4092:
4083:
4081:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4050:Wayback Machine
4040:
4036:
4014:
4013:
4009:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3969:
3968:
3964:
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3944:
3940:
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3850:
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3817:
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3796:
3789:
3771:
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3765:
3758:
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3740:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3713:
3711:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3678:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3601:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3565:
3563:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3424:
3423:
3416:
3404:
3402:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3379:
3377:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3341:
3328:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3293:
3291:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3182:
3180:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3138:
3134:
3125:
3123:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3096:
3094:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3057:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3029:
3027:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2995:
2993:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2954:Knowledge (XXG)
2946:
2944:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2913:
2911:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2845:. p. 477.
2840:
2839:
2835:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2811:Wayback Machine
2798:
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2782:
2778:
2770:
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2759:
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2747:
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2721:
2701:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2676:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2624:
2622:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2546:
2545:
2534:
2527:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2457:
2455:
2442:
2441:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2417:
2413:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2358:
2327:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2222:SMALL FULL STOP
2221:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2194:BAMUM FULL STOP
2193:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1940:
1931:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1875:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1826:Lepcha language
1817:
1810:
1800:
1778:
1771:
1769:Southeast Asian
1751:
1742:
1738:
1735:Ol Chiki script
1678:
1664:
1638:
1633:
1631:Brahmic scripts
1621:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1560:
1536:Armenian script
1532:
1460:
1455:
1421:monospaced font
1417:English spacing
1394:
1388:
1351:
1345:
1286:
1274:
1258:
1256:In conversation
1232:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1158:
1124:
1116:
925:
914:
908:
905:
890:
874:
863:
844:
836:
756:
736:
618:
607:
601:
598:
587:
575:
564:
492:
465:
448:
432:
427:
419:
411:
337:British English
302:
289:
237:
207:
202:
163:
159:
98:
69:
67:
64:
61:
56:
55:
42:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5352:
5350:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5326:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5272:
5266:
5265:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5237:
5217:
5198:
5183:
5167:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5125:
5107:
5098:
5079:
5074:quotation mark
5051:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5034:
5029:
5019:
5014:
4999:
4984:
4965:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4927:
4912:
4889:
4870:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4832:
4817:
4802:
4787:
4772:
4757:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4715:
4700:
4685:
4670:
4655:
4636:
4621:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4583:
4564:
4549:
4534:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4492:
4469:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4400:
4385:
4370:
4355:
4340:
4325:
4310:
4295:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4257:
4234:
4215:
4200:
4185:
4170:
4155:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4099:
4091:
4090:
4060:
4034:
4007:
3989:
3982:
3962:
3938:
3931:
3913:
3889:
3871:
3863:
3843:
3821:(2004-03-05).
3819:Simonson, Mark
3794:
3787:
3763:
3756:
3738:
3720:
3694:
3668:
3661:
3643:
3630:
3610:
3599:
3576:
3546:
3539:
3521:
3501:
3482:
3440:
3414:
3386:
3356:
3353:on 2011-08-04.
3326:
3300:
3267:
3260:
3239:
3221:
3214:
3189:
3159:
3144:
3132:
3103:
3071:
3062:
3055:
3036:
3002:
2968:
2920:
2895:
2888:. 2014-09-04.
2873:
2851:
2833:
2824:Grammar Grades
2814:
2796:
2776:
2752:
2745:
2719:
2699:
2681:
2674:
2656:
2649:
2631:
2602:
2566:
2563:on 2012-08-06.
2532:
2525:
2507:
2484:Science Editor
2464:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2411:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2365:
2357:
2354:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2310:
2296:
2282:
2268:
2254:
2240:
2224:
2210:
2196:
2182:
2168:
2154:
2140:
2124:
2110:
2096:
2082:
2068:
2054:
2040:
2026:
2012:
1998:
1984:
1965:
1962:
1946:used to write
1939:
1936:
1874:
1871:
1847:Burmese script
1804:Tibetan script
1799:
1796:
1775:Burmese script
1770:
1767:
1750:
1747:
1725:Inspired from
1690:Eastern Nagari
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1620:
1617:
1559:
1556:
1531:
1528:
1508:as noted above
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1428:
1413:
1406:French spacing
1390:Main article:
1387:
1384:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1347:Main article:
1344:
1341:
1312:, and that of
1285:
1282:
1273:
1270:
1257:
1254:
1231:
1228:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1002:
1001:
986:
971:
964:
927:
926:
877:
875:
868:
862:
859:
843:
840:
835:
832:
814:, and also in
784:Serbo-Croatian
755:
752:
740:multiplication
735:
732:
731:
730:
723:
720:
679:
678:
675:
672:
652:
651:
648:
645:
620:
619:
578:
576:
569:
563:
560:
491:
488:
447:
444:
440:George W. Bush
431:
428:
426:
423:
418:
415:
410:
407:
301:
298:
288:
285:
236:
223:
213:introduced by
206:
203:
201:
198:
73:
72:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
40:
37:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5351:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5281:Logic symbols
5279:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5232:
5228:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5178:
5174:
5168:
5163:
5159:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5136:
5132:
5126:
5121:
5117:
5099:
5094:
5090:
5080:
5075:
5071:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5025:
5021:
5015:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4980:
4976:
4966:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4938:
4934:
4928:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4908:
4904:
4890:
4885:
4881:
4871:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4798:
4794:
4788:
4783:
4782:division sign
4779:
4773:
4768:
4764:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4726:
4725:diameter sign
4722:
4716:
4711:
4710:degree symbol
4707:
4701:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4637:
4632:
4628:
4622:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4565:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4535:
4530:
4529:question mark
4526:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4507:
4506:double hyphen
4503:
4493:
4488:
4484:
4470:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4442:
4438:
4401:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4366:
4362:
4356:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4253:
4249:
4235:
4230:
4226:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4132:
4131:typographical
4128:
4120:
4115:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4023:: 1067–1075.
4022:
4018:
4011:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3990:
3985:
3983:9780596514471
3979:
3975:
3974:
3966:
3963:
3942:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3924:
3916:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3892:
3890:0-321-12730-7
3886:
3882:
3875:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3847:
3844:
3833:on 2010-01-20
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3798:
3795:
3790:
3788:1-145-26446-8
3784:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3757:0-88179-206-3
3753:
3749:
3741:
3739:0-321-12730-7
3735:
3731:
3724:
3721:
3710:on 2017-12-17
3709:
3705:
3698:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3644:
3633:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3600:0-226-10403-6
3596:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3561:
3557:
3550:
3547:
3542:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3504:
3502:9780521471541
3498:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3469:on 2011-04-10
3465:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3449:"Style Guide"
3444:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3327:9780008146184
3323:
3319:
3318:HarperCollins
3315:
3311:
3304:
3301:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3263:
3261:9781781258316
3257:
3253:
3252:The Economist
3249:
3243:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3193:
3190:
3179:on 2013-01-31
3178:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3160:
3155:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3136:
3133:
3122:on 2011-12-16
3121:
3117:
3113:
3112:"Initialisms"
3107:
3104:
3093:on 2012-12-17
3092:
3088:
3084:
3078:
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2335:
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2324:
2319:TAG FULL STOP
2311:
2297:
2283:
2269:
2255:
2241:
2239:
2225:
2211:
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2183:
2180:VAI FULL STOP
2169:
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2139:
2125:
2111:
2097:
2083:
2069:
2055:
2041:
2027:
2013:
1999:
1985:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1963:
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1945:
1935:
1929:
1905:
1900:
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1777:, the symbol
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1727:Indic scripts
1723:
1721:
1717:
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1691:
1686:
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1670:poorna viraam
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1600:vertical text
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1468:New Testament
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1315:The Economist
1311:
1308:book for the
1307:
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1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:12-hour clock
1283:
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1092:operator. In
1091:
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1054:outer product
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888:
887:
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878:This section
876:
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641:
637:
635:
631:
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616:
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605:
602:November 2017
595:
591:
585:
584:
579:This section
577:
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497:
489:
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485:
480:
478:
475:("Prof.") or
474:
470:
464:
459:
457:
453:
452:abbreviations
446:Abbreviations
445:
443:
441:
437:
429:
425:Abbreviations
424:
422:
416:
414:
408:
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404:
400:
399:
394:
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386:
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376:
372:
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321:
316:
311:
307:
299:
297:
295:
286:
284:
282:
271:
266:
255:
248:στιγμὴ τελεία
243:
242:stigmḕ teleía
235:
231:
227:
226:stigmḕ teleía
224:
222:
220:
216:
212:
204:
199:
197:
195:
191:
189:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
157:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
124:
123:British usage
120:
119:abbreviations
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
53:
49:
45:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
5286:Math symbols
5247:section mark
4907:vertical bar
4665:percent sign
4464:hyphen-minus
4266:
4082:. Retrieved
4073:
4063:
4053:
4037:
4020:
4016:
4010:
3992:
3972:
3965:
3941:
3922:
3899:
3880:
3874:
3853:
3846:
3835:. Retrieved
3831:the original
3826:
3803:
3797:
3773:
3766:
3747:
3729:
3723:
3712:. Retrieved
3708:the original
3697:
3684:
3652:
3646:
3635:. Retrieved
3620:
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3579:
3570:
3564:. Retrieved
3549:
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3506:. Retrieved
3491:
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3464:the original
3455:
3443:
3430:
3409:
3403:. Retrieved
3389:
3378:. Retrieved
3369:
3359:
3351:the original
3309:
3303:
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3279:
3270:
3247:
3242:
3233:
3224:
3198:
3192:
3181:. Retrieved
3177:the original
3172:
3162:
3153:
3147:
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3124:. Retrieved
3120:the original
3115:
3106:
3095:. Retrieved
3091:the original
3086:
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3045:
3039:
3028:. Retrieved
3015:
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2981:
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2936:
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2898:
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2836:
2827:
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2779:
2755:
2732:
2728:Hart, Horace
2722:
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2710:
2706:
2690:
2684:
2665:
2659:
2640:
2634:
2623:. Retrieved
2618:
2614:
2605:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2561:the original
2552:
2516:
2510:
2499:. Retrieved
2492:the original
2487:
2483:
2456:. Retrieved
2451:
2447:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2384:
2350:
2338:
2336:
2328:
1967:
1957:
1953:ˈarat nettib
1944:Ge'ez script
1941:
1876:
1844:
1814:
1807:
1801:
1789:
1784:However, in
1783:
1772:
1758:
1752:
1724:
1687:
1639:
1622:
1561:
1538:uses the ։ (
1533:
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1499:
1498:dot and the
1495:
1473:
1449:
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1376:
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1369:
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1352:
1325:
1321:The Guardian
1319:
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1287:
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1259:
1247:
1243:
1238:was used in
1235:
1233:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1169:Bourne shell
1167:
1148:
1137:
1101:file systems
1098:
1041:
1003:
997:
993:
989:
982:
978:
974:
967:
960:
956:
936:
930:
915:
906:
891:Please help
879:
853:
852:Glossary of
845:
837:
824:
757:
737:
726:
712:
708:
687:
680:
661:
638:
623:
608:
599:
588:Please help
583:verification
580:
553:
547:
543:
539:
533:
529:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
493:
481:
476:
472:
468:
466:
449:
433:
420:
412:
402:
396:
393:Hart's Rules
392:
388:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
334:
305:
303:
290:
238:
233:
229:
225:
208:
186:
182:
178:
168:
153:
134:
131:contractions
126:
116:
97:
94:
86:
78:
76:
70:.
29:
5334:Punctuation
4695:basis point
4631:numero sign
4616:number sign
4559:interrobang
4127:punctuation
3366:"The Colon"
2937:Recent News
2860:"Full stop"
2553:TLG.UCI.edu
2405:. Although
1822:Róng script
1563:Punctuation
1425:typewriters
1306:house style
754:Ordinal dot
748:dot product
703:follow the
624:The period
500:initialisms
456:haplography
436:A. A. Milne
351:. The word
324:Old English
260:στιγμὴ μέση
254:stigmḕ mésē
230:stigmḕ mésē
149:initialisms
104:punctuation
5328:Categories
5291:Whitespace
5275:Diacritics
5135:ditto mark
4937:interpunct
4865:underscore
4229:apostrophe
4129:and other
4084:2019-08-19
3958:(in Greek)
3837:2010-04-05
3816:Cited in:
3812:B000J0N06M
3714:2013-08-08
3637:2016-01-24
3591:6.8 – 6.10
3566:2015-09-10
3508:2015-09-04
3473:2015-09-15
3405:2022-04-01
3380:2013-08-21
3294:2021-07-24
3183:2018-06-11
3142:, 16th ed.
3126:2017-10-11
3097:2017-10-11
3030:2020-07-30
2996:2020-07-30
2947:2020-07-30
2914:2020-05-02
2625:2013-12-24
2577:""period,
2501:2013-09-21
2458:2013-12-24
2389:References
1808:tshig-grub
1565:used with
1520:interpunct
1512:ano teleia
1436:historical
1402:word space
1230:Telegraphy
1133:Windows NT
909:April 2023
744:interpunct
693:Bangladesh
683:apostrophe
552:, but not
403:full point
389:full point
375:full point
367:full point
329:distinctio
270:hypostigmḕ
234:hypostigmḕ
194:interpunct
95:full point
5277:(accents)
5093:guillemet
4680:per mille
4350:backslash
4290:ampersand
4267:full stop
4195:semicolon
3827:Typophile
3336:991389792
3314:The Times
3016:AMS Blogs
2982:AMS Blogs
2407:full stop
2403:full stop
2305:𝪈
2291:𛲟
2277:𖺘
2263:𖫵
1982:FULL STOP
1958:four dots
1873:Shahmukhi
1815:don-tshan
1759:kundaliya
1749:Sinhalese
1592:mean line
1547:verdjaket
1524:semicolon
1488:romanized
1327:The Times
1240:telegrams
1234:The term
1140:Unix-like
1105:extension
1066:Smalltalk
988:Chrome 92
959:wikipedia
941:delimiter
933:computing
880:does not
861:Computing
800:Norwegian
792:Icelandic
768:Hungarian
473:Professor
379:full stop
371:full stop
357:full stop
349:full stop
312:loanword
304:The name
276:ὑποστιγμή
265:semicolon
79:full stop
65:FULL STOP
41:Full stop
5193:manicule
4979:copyleft
4395:asterism
4380:asterisk
4365:ellipsis
4078:Archived
4074:BBC News
4046:Archived
4002:Archived
3689:Archived
3560:Archived
3435:Archived
3399:Archived
3374:Archived
3288:Archived
3286:. 2017.
3024:Archived
2990:Archived
2941:Archived
2931:(2016).
2908:Archived
2890:Archived
2868:Archived
2829:initials
2807:Archived
2768:Archived
2599:. 2005 .
2356:See also
2249:｡
2233:．
2219:﹒
2205:︒
2191:꛳
2177:꘎
2163:꓿
2149:。
2133:⸼
2119:⳾
2105:⳹
2091:᠉
2077:᠃
2063:᙮
2049:።
1887:Kashmiri
1883:Nastaliq
1720:Gurmukhi
1698:Assamese
1675:Sanskrit
1657:Maithili
1610:︒
1581:。
1571:Japanese
1569:(and in
1541:վերջակետ
1530:Armenian
1442:and the
1432:em space
966:document
808:Estonian
701:Pakistan
632:or as a
532:, while
496:acronyms
477:Reverend
430:Initials
294:printing
188:baseline
156:ellipsis
145:acronyms
112:question
5231:pilcrow
5212:lozenge
5177:fleuron
5120:bracket
4974:
4970:
4879:
4875:
4436:
4405:
4305:at sign
4133:symbols
4125:Common
3397:. BBC.
3347:News UK
3276:"times"
3236:. 2016.
2314:U+E002E
2300:U+1DA88
2286:U+1BC9F
2272:U+16E98
2258:U+16AF5
2035:܂
2021:܁
2007:۔
1993:։
1964:Unicode
1948:Amharic
1942:In the
1915:۔
1904:k͟hatma
1895:Saraiki
1891:Panjabi
1885:, like
1840:
1833:
1798:Tibetic
1755:Sinhala
1712:Panjabi
1688:In the
1683:Marathi
1492:Unicode
1109:RISC OS
1086:Haskell
901:removed
886:sources
820:Turkish
812:Latvian
804:Finnish
788:Faroese
780:Slovene
381:), and
315:peridos
200:History
169:In the
5251:
5240:
5236:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5186:
5182:
5170:
5166:
5162:dagger
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4210:hyphen
4203:
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2172:U+A60E
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2144:U+3002
2130:
2128:U+2E3C
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2114:U+2CFE
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2100:U+2CF9
2088:
2086:U+1809
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2060:
2058:U+166E
2046:
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2032:
2030:U+0702
2018:
2016:U+0701
2004:
2002:U+06D4
1990:
1988:U+0589
1979:.
1976:
1974:U+002E
1912:
1910:U+06D4
1849:, the
1729:, the
1703:Daa`ri
1694:Bangla
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