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344:, which themselves were late, extreme reductions of normal kofun of the central area which had fallen into disuse by the time of the Hokkaido type. There are various opinions about the status of those buried in Hokkaido type kofun. Some see them as immigrants from Tōhoku, others as indigenous chiefs who had a special relationship with the government of the mainland, and that such a scale of tomb could be made by normal heads of family.
323:. The rice may have been imported from the mainland or, if cultivated at all, grown in dry fields. Opinions divide among those who, taking Satsumon culture as the periphery of the Kofun culture of the mainland, argue that such crops supplied a large portion of the diet, and those who think it provided only a small part and the culture was basically a continuation of the Epi-Jomon.
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was triggered by immigration of Emishi people from Honshu. However, there are many differences between Emishi and
Satsumon. For instance, horse riding and rice agriculture, neither of which were present in ancient Hokkaido, were both central to Emishi lifestyle. It may have arisen as a merger of the
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as early as the 5th century CE, and in being ancestral to the Ainu people. This proposition is based on similarities between Ainu and Emishi skeletal remains as well as a number of place names across Honshu that resemble Ainu words. It is possible that the emergence of
Satsumon culture in Hokkaido
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sheds light on how the
Satsumon culture adapted to a new environment. Unlike their mainland counterparts who combined farming with hunting and gathering, the Satsumon people on Rebun Island appear to have relied more heavily on exploiting marine resources like fish and shellfish. This shift in
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Iron tools seem to have prevailed around the end of Epi-Jomon, so that stone tools disappeared in the
Satsumon period. Among subsistence activities, hunting, gathering and fishing continued to be the most important. Locations of large settlements at estuaries indicate the importance of
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Even the largest
Satsumon settlements show scarce evidence of social stratification. The "Hokkaido-type kofun", which have been discovered in several sites in southwestern Hokkaido, are very important in this context. They are at the end of the "Final Kofun" of northern
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subsistence strategy suggests that the island's ecosystem wasn't ideal for their established practices of mixed farming and hunting. The focus on marine resources may also explain why the
Satsumon presence on Rebun seems to have been relatively short-lived.
82:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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cultures. The
Satsumon culture appears to have spread from northeastern Honshu into southern Hokkaido. The Satsumon culture is regarded to be ancestral to the later Ainu culture, under some influence of the Okhotsk culture.
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520:"Cultural adaptations and island ecology: Insights into changing patterns of pottery use in the Susuya, Okhotsk and Satsumon phases of the Kafukai sites, Rebun Island, Japan"
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Japanese Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Junno, Ari; Ono, Hiroko; Hirasawa, Yu; Kato, Hirofumi; Jordan, Peter D.; Amano, Tetsuya; Isaksson, Sven (June 2022).
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Gorō, Yamada. 北海道における雑穀およびその栽培技術の拡散過程について (Plant remains unearthed from sites in
Hokkaido)
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The conquest of Ainu lands : ecology and culture in Japanese expansion, 1590-1800
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Partially archaeological, agricultural period of northern Honshū and Hokkaidō, Japan
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Exploring narratives in Ainu history through analysis of bear carvings
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is a partially agricultural, archeological culture of northern
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Prehistoric Japan : new perspectives on insular East Asia
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Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia
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a machine-translated version of the Japanese article.
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433:(Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University).
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401:. Univ. of California Press.
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507:(in Japanese). 教育社歴史新書―日本史.
503:Fujimoto, Tsuyoshi (1982).
478:Yoshizaki, Shoichi (1988).
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99:will aid in categorization.
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271:. Although cultivation of
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524:Quaternary International
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129:{{Translated|ja|擦文時代}}
111:copyright attribution
604:Archaeology of Japan
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444:"公益財団法人 アイヌ民族文化財団"
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317:adzuki bean
262:Subsistence
190:Ainu people
186:Followed by
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348:References
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58:(May 2022)
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530:: 19–34.
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342:Tōhoku
277:barley
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242:Honshu
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483:(PDF)
313:melon
285:wheat
255:Jōmon
251:Kofun
247:Yayoi
168:Dates
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505:擦文文化
490:2022
456:2023
413:OCLC
403:ISBN
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321:hemp
319:and
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205:擦文文化
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