754:
1666:(GDR) and West Germany were handled more liberally, but the more generous exit policy for Germans from Poland was flanked by massive attempts by the Polish and GDR authorities to influence the German minority to stay in Poland or move to the GDR rather than to West Germany. In 1959/60, as had been the case several times in the 1950s, family reunifications were declared complete by the Polish. In yet another phase of emigration negotiated in 1964, the number of applications to move to the GDR surprised both the Polish and the East German sides, and the Polish authorities now strove to limit the emigration.
625:
385:
577:
481:
409:
337:
553:
505:
649:
601:
673:
529:
457:
1345:
361:
313:
240:
1264:
433:
232:
1763:
1495:
5102:
2278:
1550:, the largest of a series of flights and expulsions of Germans in Europe during and after World War II, over 1 million former citizens of Germany were naturalized and granted Polish citizenship. Some of them were forced to stay in Poland, while others wanted to stay because these territories were inhabited by their families for hundreds of years. The lowest estimate by West German
5114:
2292:
1733:
697:
735:
1771:
1572:, Polish sources of 1948–49 report that 125,000 to 160,000 lived on what was now Polish territory, but according to West German information, the number was 430,000 or even 900,000. It can be assumed today that the Polish figures were vastly understated and the West German figures were probably exaggerated, but ultimately closer to reality.
115:
1575:
In order to understand the reported numbers it must be borne in mind that many former German citizens were "verified" as Polish, as they were alleged to be of Polish ancestry but subjected to centuries of
Germanization. The Polish referred to these people using the propagandistic term
1580:, these "autochthons" counted as Germans. Also, in 1951 those "autochthons" who had emphatically resisted verification were compulsorily given Polish citizenship; but many “verified autochthons” resisted the Polish assimilation policy, which was often accompanied by discrimination.
1309:. Due to their pre-war interactions with the Polish majority, they were able to prepare lists of Polish intellectuals and civil servants whom the Nazis selected for extermination. The organisation actively participated in and was responsible for the deaths of about 50,000 Poles.
1654:
Also, a great many of families, due to war, flight, and expulsion, had been torn apart by the border shift and now pressured the German authorities to support their relatives to leave Poland. During the 1950s, negotiations for family reunions were conducted between Poland and
201:
as a subject. There were no minority schools with German as the language of instruction, though there were three asymmetrically bilingual (Polish–German) schools, where most subjects were taught through the medium of Polish. Most members of the German minority are
821:. In the 19th century, Germans became actively involved in developing the clothmaking industry in what is now central Poland. Over 3,000 villages and towns within Russian Poland are recorded as having German residents. Many of these Germans remained east of the
2377:
1684:
era, hundreds of thousands of Polish citizens decided to emigrate to West
Germany and, to a lesser extent, to East Germany. Despite that, hundreds or tens of thousands of former German citizens remained in Poland. Some of them created families with other
196:
In the school year of 2014/15 there were 387 elementary schools in Poland (all in Upper
Silesia), with over 37,000 students, in which German was taught as a minority language (that is, at least for three periods of 45 minutes in a week), hence
3090:
1358:
After the Nazis' defeat in 1945, Poland did not regain its Soviet-annexed territory; instead, Polish communists, directed by the
Soviets, expelled the remaining Germans who had not already been evacuated or fled from the areas of
1431:, German citizens are now allowed to buy land and property in the areas where they or their ancestors used to live, and can return there if they wish. However, none of their properties have been returned after being confiscated.
1646:
were "considered as not having been deprived of their German citizenship if they have established their domicile in
Germany after May 8, 1945, and have not expressed a contrary intention". Because of this, many of them left the
1610:
At the end of the 1950s, regional concentrations of
Germans in Poland existed in the new Polish western and northern areas and in the Silesian area, especially in the regions of Olsztyn, Wrocław, Gdansk and Katowice and Opole.
1569:
2444:
Niemcy w województwie opolskim w 2010 roku. Pytania i odpowiedzi. Badania socjologiczne członków
Towarzystwa Społeczno-Kulturalnego Niemców na Śląsku Opolskim. Projekt zrealizowano na zlecenie Uniwersytetu Osaka w
1676:
Eventually, the Polish had to realize that their assimilation policy towards the German minority (both the German citizens and the so-called "autochthons" who insisted on their German ethnicity) had failed.
1379:
and made Poles take their place, some of whom were expelled from Soviet-occupied areas that had previously formed part of Poland. About half of East
Prussia became the newly created Soviet territory of
1393:
4380:
4363:
169:
or Poland as a whole where German could be considered a language of everyday communication. The predominant home or family language of Poland's German minority in Upper
Silesia used to be the
4587:
1321:
3375:
Prauser, Steffen and Rees, Arfon: The
Expulsion of the "German" Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War. Florence, Italy, European University Institute, 2004.
1516:
2786:. The author mentions the indiscriminate expulsions of most Germans from 1945 until the mid-1950s, regardless of their personal involvement or non-involvement in the Nazi dictatorship.
3213:
Die deutsche Minderheit in Oberschlesien - Selbstreflexion und politisch-soziale Situation unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des so genannten "Oppelner Schlesiens (Westoberschlesien)"
1554:
of 1953, is that 910,000 former German citizens were granted Polish citizenship by 1950. Higher estimates say that 1,043,550 or 1,165,000 were naturalized as Polish citizens by 1950.
3344:
Kleineberg A., Marx, Ch., Knobloch E., Lelgemann D.: Germania und die Insel Thule. Die Entschlüsselung vo Ptolemaios: "Atlas der Oikumene". Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2010.
1583:
In 1951, Polish law restored equal rights to Germans in Poland in working life and in cultural and educational matters. However, this decision was not fully implemented until 1956.
3072:
1673:, ushered in the next phase of family reunions and departures of Germans, particularly the "autochthonous" population, from Poland, especially to the Federal Republic of Germany.
1563:
3522:
2340:
1313:
5079:
2459:
1713:
1452:
There is no clear-cut division in Poland between the Germans and some other minorities, whose heritage is similar in some respects due to centuries of assimilation,
1486:. While in the past these people have been claimed for both Polish and German ethnicity, it really depends on their self-perception which they choose to belong to.
165:. German speakers first came to these regions (present-day Opole and Silesian Voivodeships) during the late Middle Ages. However, there are no localities in either
1405:
1778:
731:
Poland was the third most frequent destination for migrant Germans in 2009, after the United States and Switzerland, dropping to 8th most frequent in 2015.
4639:
1547:
2809:
2485:
1659:. However, anything that went beyond the reunification of separated spouses or minor children with their parents was rejected by the Polish authorities.
1219:
947:
189:
replaced it as these Silesian German dialects went generally out of use except among the oldest generations which have by now completely died off. The
1091:
2989:
3470:
Fleming, Michael (December 2003). "The Limits of the German Minority Project in Post-communist Poland: Scale, Space and Democratic Deliberation".
1011:
753:
2378:"Tablice z ostatecznymi danymi w zakresie przynależności narodowo-etnicznej, języka używanego w domu oraz przynależności do wyznania religijnego"
915:
2798:, Theodor Schieder (compilator) in collaboration with A. Diestelkamp , Bonn, Bundesministerium für Vertriebene (ed.), 1953, pp. 78 and 155.
1712:, several socio-cultural organisations to promote German culture and language among the German minorities in Poland were created, including the
1576:“autochthonous”, as opposed to those Germans whose ancestors came to the region in the Middle Ages. In West Germany, and, internally, also for
1424:
5134:
1107:
883:
4757:
3515:
3366:
3355:
3338:
3327:
2827:
2643:
1702:
1348:
214:
2973:
931:
4995:
4551:
1690:
193:
electoral committee benefits from the provision in Polish election law which exempts national minorities from the 5% national threshold.
5000:
4601:
4560:
2034:
1320:
between the Reich and the USSR. During the German occupation of Poland during the war (1939-1945), the Nazis forcibly resettled ethnic
1171:
1075:
979:
5139:
3002:
856:
however was renounced by the League of Nations in 1934, officially due to Germany's withdrawal from the League (September 1933) after
2660:
1416:
1139:
720:
4722:
4270:
4128:
3347:
Matelski Dariusz, Niemcy w Polsce w XX wieku (Deutschen in Polen im 20. Jahrhundert), Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa-Poznań 1999.
3316:
3305:
3294:
3283:
3262:
3243:
3220:
3060:
2953:
2818:]. Monografie / Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego PAN (in Polish). Vol. 5.
2673:
2320:
2195:
190:
1614:
However, the vast majority of Germans were the so-called "autochthons" who were allowed to stay in post-war Poland after declaring
390:
3508:
1306:
1296:
748:
630:
486:
4965:
2003:
1995:
1498:
Communes in Poland in which additional minority names were introduced (as of 1 December 2009). In blue – German names in the
838:
3235:
1648:
1600:
Germans who had been resettled by the German authorities in Polish areas during the war, including evacuees due to bombing;
1384:(officially established in 1946), where Soviet citizens replaced the former German residents. Claims to a border along the
805:. In other areas of modern-day Poland there were substantial German populations, most notably in the historical regions of
4790:
4571:
4210:
4053:
4031:
3805:
2325:
2112:
1960:
1329:
1027:
2700:
2555:
2305:
1618:
in a special verification process. Thus most of them were inhabitants of Polish descent of the pre-war border regions of
2315:
2020:
1747:
1736:
226:
119:
1434:
A possible demonstration of the ambiguity of the Polish-German minority position can be seen in the life and career of
1317:
848:, around 740,000 German speakers lived in Poland (2.3% of the population). Their minority rights were protected by the
4095:
3927:
3531:
3410:
Cordell, Karl; Stefan Wolff (June 2005). "Ethnic Germans in Poland and the Czech Republic: a comparative evaluation".
3153:
2857:
1709:
1290:
1270:
1258:
849:
414:
4970:
2071:
1842:
2583:
5092:
4747:
4428:
3847:
3333:
Douglas, R.M.: Orderly and Humane. The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War. Yale University Press.
3255:
A Minority Vote. Participation of the German and Belarusian Minorities within the Polish Political System 1989-1999
3003:"Zur Frage des nationalen Bewußtseins der Masuren im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (auf der Basis statistischer Angaben)"
2330:
2129:
1860:
1806:
1782:
1439:
1419:
in 1989, the German minorities' political situation in modern-day Poland has improved, and after Poland joined the
778:
510:
438:
260:
2662:
Political Migrations in Poland 1939-1948. 8. Evacuation and flight of the German population to the Potsdam Germany
1392:
of August 1945 by a delegation of Polish politicians. However the conference eventually specified or endorsed the
5026:
4670:
4619:
3591:
2108:
1852:
1449:
during the 1950s. However, most of the German minority had not been as involved in the Nazi system as Kraft was.
654:
558:
4566:
2426:
582:
3900:
3895:
2841:
2503:
2477:
2239:
2191:
2154:
3372:
Naimark, Norman: Fires of Hatred. Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe. Cambridge Harvard Press, 2001.
2879:
2067:
4871:
4433:
4068:
3955:
3713:
3361:
Matelski Dariusz, Niemcy w II Rzeczypospolitej (1918-1939), Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2018 cz. 2 (
3350:
Matelski Dariusz, Niemcy w II Rzeczypospolitej (1918-1939) , Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2018 cz. 1 (
1981:
1922:
1836:
1670:
1344:
4491:
4326:
4313:
3991:
3883:
3379:
Cordell, Karl (June 1996). "Politics and society in Upper Silesia today: The German minority since 1945".
3171:
2227:
2058:
1918:
1594:
1540:
1235:
462:
4803:
2906:
2599:
1794:
1774:
5021:
4859:
4501:
4496:
4476:
4121:
3820:
3548:
3128:
2630:
2117:
2016:
1906:
1698:
1409:
845:
678:
239:
143:
4883:
4847:
4445:
2258:– public-service radio with online German edition (Deutsche Redaktion), as well as broadcasts in German
1977:
1275:, a paramilitary organization composed of members of the German minority living in pre-war Poland, 1939
4820:
1263:
4905:
4837:
4825:
4614:
4308:
4021:
3867:
3639:
3583:
3472:
3412:
3381:
1952:
1886:
1503:
1187:
606:
342:
318:
256:
162:
5043:
1590:
citizens of the German Reich who had always been residents of the territories now annexed to Poland;
1396:
pending a later peace treaty. In the following years, the communists and activists inspired by the
4990:
4864:
4830:
4705:
4516:
4481:
4011:
4006:
3996:
3986:
3091:"Germans in Wroclaw: "Ethnic minority" versus hybrid identity. Historical context and urban milieu"
2046:
2040:
1822:
1669:
The European policy of détente at the beginning of the 1970s, and in particular the signing of the
1551:
1203:
1043:
255:, i.e. 41.6% of all Germans in Poland and a share of 6.57% of the local population; 27,923 in the
5016:
4985:
4975:
4769:
4732:
4690:
4506:
4450:
4385:
4336:
4303:
4291:
4286:
4258:
4222:
3981:
3965:
3960:
3566:
3489:
3458:
3429:
3398:
2969:
2213:
2092:
1830:
1642:. These people were allowed to reclaim their former German citizenship on application, and under
1389:
1381:
1333:
1280:
782:
534:
366:
4651:
2160:
231:
3199:
2865:
2529:
4764:
4700:
4680:
4675:
4624:
4609:
4556:
4528:
4511:
4455:
4395:
4390:
4296:
4063:
4043:
4026:
3659:
3362:
3351:
3334:
3323:
3312:
3301:
3290:
3279:
3258:
3239:
3216:
3110:
3056:
2970:"The Expulsion of 'German' Communities from Eastern Europe at the end of the Second World War"
2949:
2833:
2823:
2669:
2639:
2166:
2123:
1936:
1900:
1762:
1499:
1494:
1397:
1368:
853:
814:
271:
267:
252:
158:
2701:"The Curzon line as the eastern boundary of Poland. The origins and the political background"
1766:
Jan Henryk Dąbrowski, the Polish national hero of German ancestry (mother of German descent).
4980:
4960:
4938:
4842:
4752:
4737:
4727:
4710:
4665:
4657:
4629:
4533:
4486:
4471:
4405:
4373:
4346:
4341:
4251:
4114:
4016:
4001:
3917:
3810:
3698:
3481:
3450:
3421:
3390:
3102:
2746:
2715:
2473:
2422:
2262:
2182:
2178:
2145:
2012:
1798:
1643:
1543:
whose ancestors held German citizenship before World War II, regardless of their ethnicity.
1385:
1372:
802:
790:
3014:
2734:
259:, i.e. 19.4% of all Germans in Poland and 0.66% of the local population; plus 8,978 in the
235:
German minority in Upper Silesia: Opole Voivodeship (west) and Silesian Voivodeship (east).
4798:
4695:
4685:
4646:
4318:
4232:
4215:
4188:
4090:
4085:
3932:
3852:
3740:
3667:
2977:
2679:
2587:
2489:
2244:
2080:
2062:
2052:
2030:
1689:, who, in the vast majority, were settlers from central Poland or were resettled from the
1528:
1520:
186:
170:
154:
135:
106:
70:
66:
3693:
2822:: Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego PAN.
1971:
761:
German migration into areas that form part of present-day Poland began with the medieval
2944:
Heike Amos (2009). "Deutsche in Polen: Auswirkungen auf das Verhältnis DDR – VR Polen".
5106:
4438:
4423:
4400:
4356:
4322:
4263:
4160:
4036:
3922:
3786:
3708:
2310:
2283:
2141:
1999:
1991:
1965:
1942:
1866:
1812:
1435:
1420:
818:
283:
203:
5128:
5118:
4893:
4776:
4368:
4351:
4330:
4176:
4073:
3735:
3606:
3539:
3402:
2861:
2350:
2297:
2255:
2223:
2217:
2135:
1870:
1786:
1686:
1619:
1615:
1536:
1483:
1453:
1428:
1364:
1360:
1325:
1284:
810:
786:
166:
3493:
3433:
963:
4742:
4244:
4048:
3937:
3207:, series Philosophy, Sociology and Psychology, Vol 2, No 10, 2003, pp. 699–716
2735:"The Oder-Neisse Line as Poland's western border: As postulated and made a reality"
2150:
2098:
2086:
2075:
2024:
1931:
1894:
1856:
1802:
1663:
1656:
1577:
1461:
1401:
1376:
857:
798:
772:
3624:
3441:
Dyboski, Roman (September 1923). "Poland and the Problem of National Minorities".
3106:
2403:
734:
2854:
263:, i.e. 6.2% of all Germans in Poland, though only 0.31% of the local population.
5072:
4520:
4078:
3905:
3768:
3649:
3485:
2204:
2200:
2187:
2172:
2104:
1927:
1912:
1890:
1465:
1456:
and intermarriage, but differs in other respects due to either ancient regional
1443:
1312:
Following the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, the Soviets annexed a
822:
764:
210:
185:(dialect of the land of Brieg-Grottkau) was used west of Opole), but since 1945
90:
85:
2882:[Territorial origins of inhabitants of the Western Lands in year 1950]
1770:
1283:
in September 1939, many members of the German minority (around 25%) joined the
4876:
4813:
4237:
3825:
3750:
3703:
3688:
3601:
3573:
3425:
3394:
2768:
Recovered Territory: A German-Polish Conflict over Land and Culture, 1919–1989
2335:
2273:
2007:
1948:
1876:
1717:
1457:
275:
3114:
3052:
Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart
1815:(born 1967), journalist, academic lecturer, movie director, screenwriter and
4634:
4167:
3830:
3778:
3644:
3634:
3616:
3596:
3561:
3556:
3073:"Germany provokes anger over museum to refugees who fled Poland during WWII"
2837:
1880:
1846:
1816:
1732:
1479:
1475:
1446:
1328:) in the pre-war territory of Poland. At the same time the Nazi authorities
832:
806:
794:
247:
According to the 2021 census, most of the Germans in Poland (67.2%) live in
1123:
899:
3500:
2719:
4898:
4888:
4058:
3888:
2580:
2089:(1771–1847), linguist, librarian and lexicographer of the Polish language
1826:
1681:
826:
207:
17:
3200:
Dual Citizenship in Opole Silesia in the Context of European Integration
2061:(1843–1905), industrialist, economic activist and industrial magnate in
1603:
Germans who were married to Poles, their children and grandchildren; and
757:
German language frequency in Poland – based on the Polish census of 1931
4953:
4948:
4943:
4920:
4910:
4137:
3857:
3763:
3683:
3462:
2345:
2208:
1985:
1694:
1627:
1155:
287:
279:
248:
2907:"Demographic processes in the Recovered Territories from 1945 to 1960"
2751:
5036:
5031:
4808:
4715:
3840:
3835:
3815:
3727:
3629:
2819:
1956:
1829:, writer, art collector, and founder of the first Polish museum, the
1751:
1740:
1623:
1352:
995:
702:
3454:
829:. In the late 19th century, some Germans moved westward during the
825:
after World War I ended in 1918, including a significant number in
4852:
3862:
3797:
3758:
3289:
de Zayas, Alfred M.: Heimatrecht ist Menschenrecht. München, 2001.
2250:
1769:
1761:
1731:
1721:
1493:
1343:
1262:
752:
733:
266:
Towns with particularly high concentrations of German speakers in
238:
230:
123:
114:
113:
54:
2203:(1884–1973), Prussian-born Polish admiral who helped to form the
5048:
4915:
4106:
3369:), ss. 624, Abstract (s. 264–274), Zusammenfassung (s. 275–400).
2796:
Dokumentation der Vertreibung der Deutschen aus Ost-Mitteleuropa
1651:
due to its undemocratic political system and economic problems.
1059:
4110:
3504:
3322:
de Zayas, Alfred M.: 50 Thesen zur Vertreibung. München, 2008.
2980:. Florence: European University Institute. HEC No. 2004/1. p.28
122:
in German and Polish on the town hall of the Polish village of
2510:(Interview). Interviewed by Edward Klimczak. Warsaw. p. 3
2448:. Opole and Gliwice: Dom Współpracy Polsko-Niemieckiej , 2011.
3278:
de Zayas, Alfred M.: Die deutschen Vertriebenen. Graz, 2006.
2880:"Pochodzenie terytorialne ludności Ziem Zachodnich w 1950 r"
2948:. Schriftenreihe der Vierteljahrshefte fur Zeitgeschichte.
2405:
Die Verbreitung und die Herkunft der Deutschen in Schlesien
1945:(born 1971), lawyer, advocate, former Deputy Prime Minister
1879:(1903–1980), film director, author and famous proponent of
2144:(born 1985), German professional footballer who plays for
1974:(1873–1960), Polish general, political and social activist
3443:
Journal of the British Institute of International Affairs
3300:
de Zayas, Alfred M.: A terrible Revenge. New York, 1994.
2249:
Schlesien Aktuell – a German-language radio station from
1930:(1896–1958), decorated officer in the Polish Army during
864:
Number of Germans in Poland according to the 1931 census
1400:("Western thought") strove to "de-Germanize" and to "re-
3311:
de Zayas, Alfred M.: Nemesis at Potsdam. London, 1977.
781:
region). Regions which subsequently became part of the
2632:
Political Migrations on Polish Territories (1939–1950)
2482:
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe
2431:
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe
2043:(born 1986), Polish right-wing libertarian politician
5090:
2530:"Arbeiten in Polen: Die deutschen Teuerlöhner kommen"
2101:(born 1944), former professional footballer and coach
2556:"Here are the top 10 countries Germans immigrate to"
2226:(1878–1945), economist, judge and politician in the
1746:
There is one German international school in Poland,
1564:
Emigration from Poland to Germany after World War II
5063:
5009:
4931:
4789:
4600:
4580:
4544:
4464:
4416:
4279:
4203:
4196:
4187:
4144:
3974:
3948:
3876:
3795:
3777:
3749:
3726:
3676:
3658:
3615:
3582:
3547:
3538:
2132:(1894– 1986), Polish general and military commander
2107:(born 1999), professional footballer who plays for
99:
76:
60:
47:
37:
2163:(born 1979), former German professional footballer
1909:(born 1983), singer, songwriter and TV personality
1586:Germans of Poland at the time hence consisted of:
2033:(1888–1941), professor, economist, and rector of
3129:"Musimy podnieść głowy do góry i nie lękać się!"
2049:(born 1942), controversial politician and writer
1903:(1860–1937), author, bon-vivant and philosopher.
2410:The Spread and the Origin of Germans in Silesia
2504:"Senator Favors Silesian Bridge-Building Role"
2460:Oświata i wychowanie w roku szkolnym 2014/2015
1839:(1755–1818), general and Polish national hero.
4774:
4122:
3516:
3133:Miesięcznik WPIS - Wiara, Patriotyzm i Sztuka
2990:Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
2946:Die Vertriebenenpolitik der SED 1949 bis 1990
2770:. Berghahn. pp. 185, 191, 199, 205, 210.
2169:, (1799–1854), early industrialist and banker
1314:massive portion of the eastern part of Poland
161:, where most of the minority resides, and in
8:
5070:
4242:
4174:
4158:
4151:
3156:[Genealogy of Janusz Korwin-Mikke].
3050:
3035:
2781:
2457:
2442:
2083:(1786–1861), Polish historian and politician
1637:
1631:
1469:
1300:
1288:
1268:
830:
801:– were predominantly German speaking by the
770:
762:
180:
174:
32:
5080:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)
2412:] (in German). Stuttgart: J. Engelhorn.
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
1548:flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland
738:Germans in Silesia according to 2021 census
4200:
4193:
4129:
4115:
4107:
3544:
3523:
3509:
3501:
2968:Steffen Prauser, Steffen and Rees, Arfon.
1984:since 2016 (his mother was connected with
1720:and other organisations in cities such as
1322:Germans from other areas of Central Europe
862:
860:became German Chancellor in January 1933.
292:
31:
3203:, Tomasz Kamusella, Opole University, in
2750:
2138:(1806–1831), noblewoman and revolutionary
3215:(in German). Goerlitz: Senfkorn-Verlag.
3007:Journal of East Central European Studies
2816:Population of Poland in the 20th century
5097:
4660:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
4654:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2361:
2055:(1858–1931), linguist and archaeologist
3071:Levitin, Michael (February 26, 2009).
2694:
2692:
2638:. Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences.
2502:Simonides, Dorota (10 December 1990).
1994:(born 1978), professional footballer,
1662:From 1956 on, family reunions to both
1593:members of the German minority in the
1506:(total of 238 German names in Silesia)
1281:invasion of the Second Polish Republic
841:established others in Central Poland.
717:
243:German minority in Warmia and Masuria.
1869:(1913-1987), historian and member of
1703:Former eastern territories of Germany
1349:Former eastern territories of Germany
7:
3449:(5). Blackwell Publishing: 179–200.
3037:Die deutschen Vertriebenen in Zahlen
2175:(1947–2024), film actor and director
2126:(born 2003), professional footballer
2002:all-time top goalscorer, and former
1939:(born 1989), professional footballer
1921:(born 1952), lawyer, judge, Head of
1797:(1892–1970), general, leader of the
1783:Polish government-in-exile in London
1691:former eastern territories of Poland
852:of 1919. The right to appeal to the
48:Regions with significant populations
3257:. Kraków: Zakład Wydawniczy NOMOS.
3154:"Genealogia Janusza Korwin-Mikkego"
3055:, Munich: C. H. Beck, p. 169,
1889:(1895–1953), Polish general during
1330:expelled, enslaved and killed Poles
182:Mundart des Brieg-Grottkauer Landes
179:(Upper Silesian dialect), but also
1714:German Socio-Cultural Organisation
1539:of German descent or sometimes to
25:
3040:, part 1, Bonn: 1995, p. 53.
2341:Vistula Germans in Russian Poland
2321:German Minority (political party)
2207:in independent Poland, inmate of
2196:President of the European Council
2181:, (1826–1864), "dictator" of the
1849:, politician and military leader.
5112:
5100:
2290:
2276:
2035:Academy of Foreign Trade in Lwów
1307:Nazi crimes against ethnic Poles
749:History of the Germans in Poland
695:
671:
647:
623:
599:
575:
551:
527:
503:
479:
455:
431:
407:
383:
359:
335:
311:
3211:Scholtz-Knobloch, Till (2002).
2478:"A Language That Forgot Itself"
2427:"A Language That Forgot Itself"
1855:(1827– 1908), father of Polish
1758:Notable Poles of German descent
1533:Polacy pochodzenia niemieckiego
1316:(November 1939) in the wake of
487:Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
2808:Gawryszewski, Andrzej (2005).
2070:(1898–2002), like her father (
1996:Germany national football team
1464:. Such minorities include the
1427:and was incorporated into the
839:Prussian Settlement Commission
157:is spoken in certain areas in
1:
3253:Rabagliati, Alastair (2001).
3107:10.1080/00905992.2016.1259295
2581:"Kampania Wrześniowa 1939.pl"
2326:Germans in the Czech Republic
2113:Poland national football team
1961:Poland national football team
1825:(1746–1835), noblewoman, née
1630:. Sometimes they were called
3172:"Zmarła matka Donalda Tuska"
3089:Pyrah, Robert (March 2017).
2536:(in German). 11 January 2012
2464:. 2015. Warsaw: GUS. p. 101.
2433:. Vol 13, No 4. pp. 129–138.
2316:Bilingual communes in Poland
2265:, published daily since 1998
1805:and prominent member of the
1781:and prominent member of the
743:History of Germans in Poland
391:Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
227:Bilingual communes in Poland
4561:Alsatians and Lotharingians
3486:10.1080/0090599032000152915
3049:Manfred Görtemaker (1999),
2153:(born 1957), politician of
1955:who plays for Serie A club
1915:(1936–1982), popular singer
1710:fall of communism in Poland
1649:People's Republic of Poland
1297:German occupation of Poland
1291:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
1271:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
1259:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
850:Little Treaty of Versailles
415:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
215:Evangelical-Augsburg Church
5156:
2331:Polish minority in Germany
2109:Brighton & Hove Albion
2006:for Italian football club
1968:(1862–1939), industrialist
1951:(born 1988), professional
1861:Polish Academy of Learning
1807:Polish government-in-exile
1606:the so-called autochthons.
1561:
1440:minister without portfolio
1415:Since the downfall of the
1287:paramilitary organisation
1256:
746:
724:, Warsaw; Census results.
718:Source (2021, diverging):
631:Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
511:Greater Poland Voivodeship
439:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
261:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
224:
53:south central region near
5140:German diaspora in Poland
3426:10.1080/00905990500088610
3395:10.1080/00905999608408441
3009:(in German and English).
2916:(in Polish and English).
2905:Kosiński, Leszek (1963).
2888:Dokumentacja Geograficzna
2878:Kosiński, Leszek (1960).
2811:Ludność Polski w XX wieku
2733:Eberhardt, Piotr (2015).
2699:Eberhardt, Piotr (2012).
2659:Eberhardt, Piotr (2006).
2629:Eberhardt, Piotr (2011).
2037:, murdered by the Gestapo
1853:Karol Estreicher (senior)
721:Główny Urząd Statystyczny
655:Subcarpathian Voivodeship
559:Lesser Poland Voivodeship
132:German minority in Poland
104:
81:
65:
52:
42:
5135:Germany–Poland relations
3236:Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie
2306:Germany–Poland relations
2240:Schlesisches Wochenblatt
2192:Prime Minister of Poland
2120:(born 2000), child actor
2072:Count Karol Lanckoroński
1843:Stanisław Ernest Denhoff
1318:an August 1939 agreement
171:Silesian German language
4581:Multinational dimension
3532:Ethnic groups in Poland
3178:(in Polish). 2009-04-07
3001:Belzyt, Leszek (1996).
2766:Polak-Springer, Peter.
2402:Weinhold, Karl (1887).
2130:Wilhelm Orlik-Rückemann
2074:) an art collector and
1923:Supreme Court of Poland
1417:Polish Communist regime
1305:took an active part in
1028:Stanisławów Voivodeship
221:Germans in Poland today
5071:
4775:
4502:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4243:
4175:
4159:
4152:
3358:), ss. 611, il., mapy.
3234:(in Polish). Wrocław:
3230:Zybura, Marek (2004).
3051:
3036:
2782:
2458:
2443:
2234:German media in Poland
2228:Second Polish Republic
2095:(1902–1970), historian
2059:Juliusz Karol Kunitzer
1790:
1767:
1743:
1638:
1632:
1595:Second Polish Republic
1535:) may refer to either
1532:
1524:
1507:
1470:
1388:were presented at the
1355:
1301:
1289:
1276:
1269:
1236:Second Polish Republic
1220:Nowogródek Voivodeship
916:Pomeranian Voivodeship
831:
771:
763:
758:
739:
463:Pomeranian Voivodeship
244:
236:
181:
175:
139:
127:
3549:Greater Poland people
2720:10.7163/GPol.2012.1.1
2668:. Warsaw: Didactica.
2216:(1813–1902), notable
2190:(born 1957), current
2118:Suzanna von Nathusius
2068:Karolina Lanckorońska
2017:Conventual Franciscan
1859:and a founder of the
1773:
1765:
1735:
1699:Recovered Territories
1504:Silesian Voivodeships
1497:
1410:Recovered Territories
1347:
1279:After Nazi Germany's
1266:
1092:Białystok Voivodeship
756:
737:
679:Podlaskie Voivodeship
242:
234:
144:Polish census of 2021
117:
100:Related ethnic groups
5001:United Arab Emirates
4309:Transylvanian Saxons
3584:Lesser Poland people
3473:Nationalities Papers
3413:Nationalities Papers
3382:Nationalities Papers
3095:Nationalities Papers
2914:Geographical Studies
2492:. pp. 129–138 (136).
2015:(1894–1941), Polish
1982:Archbishop of Kraków
1887:Emil August Fieldorf
1837:Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
1188:Tarnopol Voivodeship
932:Silesian Voivodeship
869:Voivodeship or city
607:Masovian Voivodeship
343:Silesian Voivodeship
257:Silesian Voivodeship
163:Silesian Voivodeship
4588:Central and Eastern
4492:Italy (South Tyrol)
3205:Facta Universitatis
3034:Gerhard Reichling,
3013:(1). Archived from
2783:Die Rache der Opfer
2739:Geographia Polonica
2708:Geographia Polonica
2518:– via Pogląd.
2047:Janusz Korwin-Mikke
2019:friar, murdered in
1919:Małgorzata Gersdorf
1823:Izabela Czartoryska
1777:, a general in the
1748:Willy-Brandt-Schule
1737:Willy-Brandt-Schule
1552:Schieder commission
1394:shifting of borders
1204:Polesie Voivodeship
865:
34:
4733:Pennsylvania Dutch
3567:Kuyavian Borowiaks
2976:2009-10-01 at the
2619:Watson pp. 695–722
2586:2006-12-17 at the
2488:2015-01-02 at the
2261:Polen am Morgen –
2214:Karol Ernest Wedel
2093:Tadeusz Manteuffel
1978:Marek Jędraszewski
1831:Czartoryski Museum
1791:
1768:
1744:
1508:
1406:propagandistically
1390:Potsdam Conference
1382:Kaliningrad Oblast
1356:
1277:
1267:Commanders of the
1172:Kielce Voivodeship
1108:Kraków Voivodeship
1076:Lublin Voivodeship
980:Warsaw Voivodeship
884:Poznań Voivodeship
863:
783:Kingdom of Prussia
759:
740:
535:Lublin Voivodeship
367:Lubusz Voivodeship
245:
237:
128:
120:bilingual labeling
5088:
5087:
5059:
5058:
4596:
4595:
4396:Russian Mennonite
4104:
4103:
3722:
3721:
3709:Tuchola Borowians
3660:Borderlands Poles
3640:Międzyrzec Boyars
3367:978-83-8019-906-4
3356:978-83-8019-905-7
3339:978-0-30016-660-6
3328:978-3-9812110-0-9
2829:978-83-87954-66-6
2752:10.7163/GPol.0007
2645:978-83-61590-46-0
2167:Piotr Steinkeller
2124:Tomasz Neugebauer
2023:and subsequently
1937:Krystian Getinger
1901:Franciszek Fiszer
1680:In total, in the
1568:After the end of
1558:Post-World War II
1404:" the huge land,
1369:Farther Pomerania
1250:
1249:
1140:Wilno Voivodeship
1012:Wołyń Voivodeship
854:League of Nations
844:According to the
728:
727:
319:Opole Voivodeship
272:Strzelce Opolskie
268:Opole Voivodeship
253:Opole Voivodeship
206:, while some are
159:Opole Voivodeship
112:
111:
33:Germans in Poland
16:(Redirected from
5147:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5096:
5076:
5027:Papua New Guinea
4865:Kapitaï and Koba
4831:Kapitaï and Koba
4780:
4658:Los Lagos Region
4640:British Columbia
4248:
4201:
4194:
4180:
4164:
4155:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4108:
4002:Crimean Karaites
3918:Galician Germans
3699:Polish Uplanders
3545:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3502:
3497:
3466:
3437:
3406:
3268:
3249:
3226:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3086:
3080:
3069:
3063:
3054:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
2998:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2941:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2885:
2875:
2869:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2840:. Archived from
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2705:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2678:. Archived from
2667:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2637:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2596:
2590:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2562:. 17 August 2017
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2499:
2493:
2484:. Vol 13, No 4.
2474:Tomasz Kamusella
2471:
2465:
2463:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2440:
2434:
2423:Tomasz Kamusella
2420:
2414:
2413:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2373:
2300:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2263:online newspaper
2183:January Uprising
2179:Romuald Traugutt
2041:Sławomir Mentzen
2013:Maximilian Kolbe
1799:Polish 2nd Corps
1795:Władysław Anders
1775:Władysław Anders
1644:German Basic Law
1641:
1635:
1616:Polish ethnicity
1519:
1473:
1425:2004 enlargement
1386:Oder-Neisse line
1373:East Brandenburg
1304:
1294:
1274:
1044:Lwów Voivodeship
948:Łódź Voivodeship
875:German-speakers
866:
836:
803:High Middle Ages
791:East Brandenburg
776:
768:
701:
699:
698:
677:
675:
674:
653:
651:
650:
629:
627:
626:
605:
603:
602:
583:Łódź Voivodeship
581:
579:
578:
557:
555:
554:
533:
531:
530:
509:
507:
506:
485:
483:
482:
461:
459:
458:
437:
435:
434:
413:
411:
410:
389:
387:
386:
365:
363:
362:
341:
339:
338:
317:
315:
314:
293:
251:: 59,911 in the
184:
178:
38:Total population
35:
21:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5113:
5111:
5101:
5099:
5091:
5089:
5084:
5055:
5005:
4927:
4785:
4652:Los Ríos Region
4592:
4576:
4540:
4465:Southern Europe
4460:
4434:North Schleswig
4417:Northern Europe
4412:
4275:
4216:Sudeten Germans
4183:
4140:
4135:
4105:
4100:
3970:
3944:
3933:Vistula Germans
3872:
3791:
3773:
3745:
3741:Silesian Gorals
3718:
3672:
3668:Bug River Poles
3654:
3611:
3578:
3534:
3529:
3469:
3455:10.2307/3014543
3440:
3409:
3378:
3275:
3273:Further reading
3265:
3252:
3246:
3232:Niemcy w Polsce
3229:
3223:
3210:
3195:
3190:
3181:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3160:. October 2015.
3152:
3151:
3147:
3138:
3136:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3070:
3066:
3048:
3044:
3033:
3029:
3020:
3018:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2984:
2978:Wayback Machine
2967:
2963:
2956:
2943:
2942:
2925:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2855:PDFs by chapter
2847:
2845:
2844:on 31 July 2017
2830:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2779:
2775:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2682:
2676:
2665:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2635:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2588:Wayback Machine
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2490:Wayback Machine
2472:
2468:
2456:
2452:
2441:
2437:
2421:
2417:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2387:
2385:
2375:
2374:
2363:
2359:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2245:Polen-Rundschau
2236:
2161:Raphael Schäfer
2157:party in Poland
2155:Law and Justice
2081:Joachim Lelewel
2063:Congress Poland
2053:Gustaf Kossinna
2031:Henryk Korowicz
1760:
1730:
1566:
1560:
1541:Polish citizens
1515:
1492:
1342:
1261:
1255:
751:
745:
730:
696:
694:
672:
670:
648:
646:
624:
622:
600:
598:
576:
574:
552:
550:
528:
526:
504:
502:
480:
478:
456:
454:
432:
430:
408:
406:
384:
382:
360:
358:
336:
334:
312:
310:
229:
223:
191:German Minority
187:Standard German
155:German language
140:Niemcy w Polsce
130:The registered
107:German diaspora
95:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5153:
5151:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5121:
5109:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5044:German Samoans
5041:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5024:
5019:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4823:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4801:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4767:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4725:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4655:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4572:United Kingdom
4569:
4564:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4545:Western Europe
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4439:Potato Germans
4436:
4426:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4374:North Caucasus
4371:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4316:
4311:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4289:
4283:
4281:
4280:Eastern Europe
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4240:
4235:
4225:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4211:Czech Republic
4207:
4205:
4204:Central Europe
4198:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4161:Reichsdeutsche
4156:
4153:Bundesdeutsche
4148:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4111:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4037:Ashkenazi Jews
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3898:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3787:Cieszyn Vlachs
3783:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3480:(4): 391–411.
3467:
3438:
3420:(2): 255–276.
3407:
3389:(2): 269–285.
3376:
3373:
3370:
3359:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3331:
3320:
3309:
3298:
3287:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3263:
3250:
3244:
3227:
3221:
3208:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3163:
3145:
3120:
3101:(2): 274–291.
3081:
3064:
3042:
3027:
2993:
2982:
2961:
2954:
2923:
2897:
2870:
2860:2013-04-16 at
2828:
2800:
2788:
2780:Helga Hirsch.
2773:
2758:
2725:
2688:
2685:on 2015-06-26.
2674:
2651:
2644:
2621:
2612:
2591:
2573:
2547:
2521:
2508:Rzeczpospolita
2494:
2466:
2450:
2435:
2415:
2394:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2311:Waldemar Kraft
2308:
2302:
2301:
2287:
2284:Germany portal
2271:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2221:
2211:
2198:
2185:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2148:
2142:Lukas Podolski
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2076:philanthropist
2065:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2028:
2010:
2000:FIFA World Cup
1992:Miroslav Klose
1989:
1975:
1969:
1966:Henryk Grohman
1963:
1946:
1943:Roman Giertych
1940:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1884:
1874:
1867:Adam Fastnacht
1864:
1850:
1840:
1834:
1820:
1813:Grzegorz Braun
1810:
1759:
1756:
1729:
1726:
1633:Wasserpolnisch
1608:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1591:
1562:Main article:
1559:
1556:
1525:Deutsche Polen
1491:
1488:
1436:Waldemar Kraft
1421:European Union
1398:Myśl zachodnia
1341:
1338:
1257:Main article:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1183:
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1177:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
992:
991:
988:
985:
982:
976:
975:
972:
969:
966:
960:
959:
956:
953:
950:
944:
943:
940:
937:
934:
928:
927:
924:
921:
918:
912:
911:
908:
905:
902:
896:
895:
892:
889:
886:
880:
879:
876:
873:
870:
819:Greater Poland
747:Main article:
744:
741:
726:
725:
715:
714:
711:
708:
705:
691:
690:
687:
684:
681:
667:
666:
663:
660:
657:
643:
642:
639:
636:
633:
619:
618:
615:
612:
609:
595:
594:
591:
588:
585:
571:
570:
567:
564:
561:
547:
546:
543:
540:
537:
523:
522:
519:
516:
513:
499:
498:
495:
492:
489:
475:
474:
471:
468:
465:
451:
450:
447:
444:
441:
427:
426:
423:
420:
417:
403:
402:
399:
396:
393:
379:
378:
375:
372:
369:
355:
354:
351:
348:
345:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
307:
306:
303:
300:
297:
222:
219:
204:Roman Catholic
176:Oberschlesisch
110:
109:
102:
101:
97:
96:
94:
93:
88:
82:
79:
78:
74:
73:
63:
62:
58:
57:
50:
49:
45:
44:
40:
39:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5152:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5120:
5110:
5108:
5098:
5094:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5008:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4894:Dar es Salaam
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4779:
4778:
4777:Colonia Tovar
4773:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4728:United States
4726:
4724:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4424:Baltic states
4422:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4179:
4178:
4177:Volksdeutsche
4173:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4138:German people
4132:
4127:
4125:
4120:
4118:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4074:Bergitka Roma
4072:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3607:Sandomierzans
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3575:
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3503:
3495:
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3479:
3475:
3474:
3468:
3464:
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3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3317:0-8032-4910-1
3314:
3310:
3307:
3306:1-4039-7308-3
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:3-8004-1416-3
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:3-902475-15-3
3281:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3264:83-88508-18-0
3260:
3256:
3251:
3247:
3245:83-7384-171-7
3241:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3222:3-935330-02-2
3218:
3214:
3209:
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3201:
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3121:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3077:The Telegraph
3074:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3061:3-406-44554-3
3058:
3053:
3046:
3043:
3038:
3031:
3028:
3017:on 2019-02-06
3016:
3012:
3008:
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2971:
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2955:9783486591392
2951:
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2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2898:
2893:
2890:(in Polish).
2889:
2881:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2862:archive.today
2859:
2856:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2762:
2759:
2753:
2748:
2745:(1): 77–105.
2744:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2681:
2677:
2675:9781536110357
2671:
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2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2352:
2351:Volksdeutsche
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
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2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2298:Poland portal
2288:
2285:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2256:Polskie Radio
2254:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2224:Edward Werner
2222:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:Górnik Zabrze
2143:
2140:
2137:
2136:Emilia Plater
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
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2088:
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2079:
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2073:
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2064:
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2057:
2054:
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2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:(born 1949),
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1926:
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1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1892:
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1878:
1875:
1872:
1871:Armia Krajowa
1868:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:(1673–1728),
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1787:Baltic-German
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1727:
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1711:
1706:
1704:
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1696:
1692:
1688:
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1678:
1674:
1672:
1671:Warsaw Treaty
1667:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:Upper Silesia
1617:
1612:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1565:
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1549:
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1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1484:Upper Silesia
1481:
1477:
1472:
1471:Lebakaschuben
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:Germanisation
1450:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1429:Schengen Area
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:Upper Silesia
1362:
1361:Lower Silesia
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:Baltic states
1324:(such as the
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1286:
1285:ethnic German
1282:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1260:
1252:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
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1189:
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1178:
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1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1157:
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1138:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1125:
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1121:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
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1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
989:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
973:
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967:
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957:
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951:
949:
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930:
929:
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922:
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914:
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906:
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901:
898:
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893:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
871:
868:
867:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
835:
834:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
811:Upper Silesia
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:Lower Silesia
784:
780:
779:Subcarpathian
775:
774:
767:
766:
755:
750:
742:
736:
732:
723:
722:
716:
712:
709:
706:
704:
693:
692:
688:
685:
682:
680:
669:
668:
664:
661:
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645:
644:
640:
637:
634:
632:
621:
620:
616:
613:
610:
608:
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589:
586:
584:
573:
572:
568:
565:
562:
560:
549:
548:
544:
541:
538:
536:
525:
524:
520:
517:
514:
512:
501:
500:
496:
493:
490:
488:
477:
476:
472:
469:
466:
464:
453:
452:
448:
445:
442:
440:
429:
428:
424:
421:
418:
416:
405:
404:
400:
397:
394:
392:
381:
380:
376:
373:
370:
368:
357:
356:
352:
349:
346:
344:
333:
332:
328:
325:
322:
320:
309:
308:
304:
301:
298:
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294:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
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269:
264:
262:
258:
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241:
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228:
220:
218:
216:
212:
209:
205:
200:
194:
192:
188:
183:
177:
172:
168:
167:Upper Silesia
164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
125:
121:
116:
108:
103:
98:
92:
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87:
84:
83:
80:
75:
72:
68:
64:
59:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
27:
19:
4872:South Africa
4245:Walddeutsche
4227:
4049:Lipka Tatars
3992:Bangladeshis
3938:Walddeutsche
3912:
3477:
3471:
3446:
3442:
3417:
3411:
3386:
3380:
3254:
3231:
3212:
3204:
3198:
3180:. Retrieved
3175:
3166:
3157:
3148:
3137:. Retrieved
3132:
3123:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3076:
3067:
3045:
3030:
3019:. Retrieved
3015:the original
3010:
3006:
2996:
2985:
2964:
2945:
2917:
2913:
2900:
2891:
2887:
2873:
2846:. Retrieved
2842:the original
2815:
2810:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2776:
2767:
2761:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2711:
2707:
2680:the original
2661:
2654:
2631:
2624:
2615:
2603:. Retrieved
2594:
2576:
2566:25 September
2564:. Retrieved
2559:
2550:
2538:. Retrieved
2533:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2507:
2497:
2481:
2469:
2453:
2438:
2430:
2418:
2409:
2404:
2397:
2386:. Retrieved
2381:
2218:confectioner
2151:Nelli Rokita
2099:Joachim Marx
2087:Samuel Linde
1972:Józef Haller
1932:World War II
1907:Mark Forster
1895:World War II
1857:bibliography
1803:World War II
1745:
1707:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1664:East Germany
1661:
1657:East Germany
1653:
1613:
1609:
1585:
1582:
1578:East Germany
1574:
1567:
1545:
1512:German Poles
1511:
1509:
1490:German Poles
1462:Polonisation
1451:
1433:
1414:
1377:East Prussia
1357:
1311:
1302:Selbstschutz
1278:
1253:World War II
858:Adolf Hitler
843:
799:East Prussia
773:Walddeutsche
760:
729:
719:
265:
246:
198:
195:
152:
147:
131:
129:
29:Ethnic group
26:
5073:Ostsiedlung
5022:New Zealand
4996:Philippines
4838:Ivory Coast
4723:Puerto Rico
4676:El Salvador
4567:Netherlands
4521:Gottscheers
4321:(including
4271:Switzerland
4079:Polska Roma
4054:Lithuanians
3997:Circassians
3928:Pomeranians
3923:Kosznajders
3906:Vilamovians
3821:Macedonians
3806:Belarusians
3769:Slovincians
3650:Podlachians
3158:moremaiorum
3135:(in Polish)
2714:(1): 5–21.
2534:Der Spiegel
2384:(in Polish)
2382:stat.gov.pl
2205:Polish Navy
2201:Jozef Unrug
2188:Donald Tusk
2173:Jerzy Stuhr
2105:Jakub Moder
1928:Wanda Gertz
1913:Anna German
1891:World War I
1819:politician.
1779:Polish Army
1639:Wasserpolak
1466:Slovincians
1458:West Slavic
1444:West German
1351:annexed by
1299:began, the
1295:. When the
1124:Kraków City
996:Warsaw City
900:Poznań City
872:Population
846:1931 census
823:Curzon line
765:Ostsiedlung
299:Population
211:Protestants
118:Example of
91:Lutheranism
86:Catholicism
5129:Categories
4986:Kyrgyzstan
4976:Kazakhstan
4877:Afrikaners
4671:Costa Rica
4635:Hutterites
4497:Yugoslavia
4477:Azerbaijan
4386:Bessarabia
4145:Historical
4096:Vietnamese
4022:Hungarians
3868:Ukrainians
3826:Podlashuks
3751:Kashubians
3736:Sącz Lachs
3704:Sieradzans
3689:Kocievians
3602:Lublinians
3592:Cracovians
3193:References
3182:2017-10-31
3139:2019-01-31
3021:2018-05-03
2605:30 January
2540:30 January
2514:30 January
2388:2023-10-07
2008:S.S. Lazio
1953:footballer
1949:Kamil Glik
1877:Jan Fethke
1833:in Kraków.
1809:in London.
1708:Since the
1570:expulsions
1546:After the
1510:The term "
1156:Wilno City
837:, while a
769:(see also
707:38,036,118
683:1,133,137
659:2,085,006
635:1,192,985
563:3,415,178
276:Dobrodzien
225:See also:
5017:Australia
4770:Venezuela
4753:Palatines
4701:Nicaragua
4681:Guatemala
4610:Argentina
4391:Black Sea
4337:Satu Mare
4297:Black Sea
4168:Palatines
4012:Georgians
4007:Filipinos
3987:Armenians
3831:Poleshuks
3779:Silesians
3694:Łęczycans
3645:Poborzans
3635:Masurians
3625:Łowiczans
3617:Masovians
3597:Lasovians
3562:Kuyavians
3557:Kaliszans
3403:154554688
3115:0090-5992
2894:. Warsaw.
2560:The Local
2194:, former
2025:canonised
2021:Auschwitz
1883:language.
1881:Esperanto
1817:far-right
1789:ancestry.
1728:Education
1517:‹See Tfd›
1480:Silesians
1476:Masurians
1460:roots or
1447:Bundestag
1240:31915779
1060:Lwów City
964:Łódź City
878:% German
833:Ostflucht
807:Pomerelia
795:Pomerania
611:5,475,754
587:2,400,874
515:3,490,414
491:2,019,680
467:2,332,928
443:2,883,187
419:1,647,530
395:1,371,380
347:4,204,536
305:% German
270:include:
142:) at the
61:Languages
18:Schlesier
5064:See also
4991:Pakistan
4899:Zanzibar
4889:Bagamoyo
4884:Tanzania
4804:Cameroon
4738:Nebraska
4706:Paraguay
4666:Colombia
4602:Americas
4534:Bosporus
4517:Slovenia
4482:Bulgaria
4342:Bukovina
4327:Highland
4314:Landlers
4259:Slovakia
4189:Diaspora
3982:Africans
3966:Walloons
3961:Italians
3901:Flemings
3889:Olenders
3877:Germanic
3848:Russians
3714:Warmians
3494:55549493
3434:73536305
3176:Newsweek
2974:Archived
2866:contents
2858:Archived
2838:66381296
2600:"Portal"
2584:Archived
2486:Archived
2476:(2014).
2425:. 2014.
2270:See also
2111:and the
1959:and the
1827:Flemming
1682:Cold War
1478:and the
1408:termed "
1402:Polonize
1340:Cold War
1224:1057147
1208:1131939
1192:1600406
1176:2935697
1144:1080868
1112:2078516
1096:1643844
1080:2464936
1048:2815178
1032:1480285
1016:2085574
1000:1171898
984:2529228
952:2027381
936:1295027
920:1080138
888:1860030
827:Volhynia
539:985,532
284:Głogówek
208:Lutheran
199:de facto
173:(mainly
77:Religion
5107:Germany
5093:Portals
5010:Oceania
4954:Tianjin
4949:Qingdao
4944:Beijing
4911:Baguida
4860:Senegal
4848:Nigeria
4843:Namibia
4814:Yaoundé
4765:Uruguay
4758:by city
4691:Jamaica
4620:Bolivia
4552:Belgium
4507:Croatia
4487:Georgia
4472:Armenia
4451:Finland
4429:Denmark
4406:Galicia
4381:Ukraine
4347:Dobruja
4304:Romania
4292:Moldova
4287:Belarus
4252:Galicia
4238:Olęders
4233:Vistula
4223:Hungary
4064:Nepalis
4044:Koreans
4027:Indians
3949:Romance
3913:Germans
3896:English
3858:Slovaks
3764:Krubans
3684:Bambers
3630:Kurpies
3574:Taśtaks
3463:3014543
2848:11 June
2445:Japonii
2346:Bambrzy
2336:Olędrzy
2209:Colditz
2004:striker
1986:Bambers
1801:during
1785:was of
1718:Wrocław
1697:to the
1695:Soviets
1693:by the
1628:Masuria
1474:), the
1442:in the
1423:in the
1243:740992
1160:195071
1128:219286
1064:312231
968:604629
955:101753
923:105400
904:246470
891:186693
777:in the
710:144,177
371:985,532
323:911,971
302:German
296:Region
288:Gogolin
280:Prudnik
249:Silesia
148:144,177
43:144,178
5119:Poland
5037:Rabaul
5032:Kokopo
4966:Israel
4826:Guinea
4809:Douala
4799:Angola
4791:Africa
4716:Pozuzo
4696:Mexico
4630:Canada
4625:Brazil
4615:Belize
4557:France
4529:Turkey
4512:Serbia
4456:Sweden
4446:Norway
4401:Crimea
4364:Russia
4357:Zipser
4331:Walser
4329:, and
4319:Danube
4264:Zipser
4228:Poland
4197:Europe
4069:Romani
4059:Locals
4017:Greeks
3975:Others
3956:French
3841:Boykos
3836:Rusyns
3816:Lemkos
3811:Czechs
3798:Slavic
3796:Other
3728:Gorals
3677:Others
3492:
3461:
3432:
3401:
3365:
3354:
3337:
3326:
3315:
3304:
3293:
3282:
3261:
3242:
3219:
3113:
3059:
2952:
2836:
2826:
2820:Warsaw
2672:
2642:
1957:Torino
1752:Warsaw
1741:Warsaw
1624:Warmia
1529:Polish
1521:German
1375:, and
1353:Poland
1083:15865
1035:16737
1019:46883
987:73592
971:53562
939:90545
894:10.0%
813:, and
703:Poland
700:
676:
662:1,757
652:
638:1,134
628:
604:
580:
566:3,409
556:
542:1,737
532:
508:
484:
460:
436:
412:
388:
364:
350:27,923
340:
326:59,911
316:
286:; and
136:Polish
105:other
71:Polish
67:German
4981:Korea
4971:Japan
4961:India
4939:China
4853:Lagos
4821:Ghana
4748:Omaha
4743:Texas
4686:Haiti
4647:Chile
4369:Volga
4352:Regat
4323:Banat
4091:Turks
4086:Scots
3884:Dutch
3863:Sorbs
3853:Serbs
3759:Gochs
3540:Poles
3490:S2CID
3459:JSTOR
3430:S2CID
3399:S2CID
2910:(PDF)
2884:(PDF)
2864:(see
2814:[
2704:(PDF)
2683:(PDF)
2666:(PDF)
2636:(PDF)
2408:[
2376:GUS.
2357:Notes
2251:Opole
1847:noble
1722:Opole
1687:Poles
1537:Poles
1500:Opole
1246:2.3%
1230:0.0%
1214:0.1%
1211:1063
1198:0.2%
1195:2675
1182:0.3%
1179:7938
1166:0.3%
1150:0.1%
1134:0.3%
1118:0.4%
1115:8192
1102:0.4%
1099:7290
1086:0.6%
1070:0.8%
1067:2448
1054:0.3%
1051:9601
1038:1.1%
1022:2.2%
1006:0.2%
1003:1892
990:2.9%
974:8.9%
958:5.0%
942:7.0%
926:9.8%
910:2.6%
907:6387
815:Posen
713:0.37
689:0.08
665:0.08
641:0.10
617:0.10
614:5,318
593:0.10
590:2,378
569:0.10
545:0.18
521:0.18
518:6,306
497:0.20
494:3,939
473:0.30
470:7,055
449:0.31
446:8,978
425:0.32
422:5,222
401:0.34
398:4,717
377:0.35
374:3,478
353:0.66
329:6.57
213:(the
146:were
124:Cisek
55:Opole
5049:Apia
4932:Asia
4921:Lomé
4916:Sebe
4906:Togo
4711:Peru
4032:Jews
3363:ISBN
3352:ISBN
3335:ISBN
3324:ISBN
3313:ISBN
3302:ISBN
3291:ISBN
3280:ISBN
3259:ISBN
3240:ISBN
3217:ISBN
3111:ISSN
3057:ISBN
2950:ISBN
2850:2012
2834:OCLC
2824:ISBN
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