886:β-isobutyrylaminocrotonic acid amine was cyclized with NaOR (R is either a hydrogen or aliphatic chain of 1 to 8 carbons) in a mixture of 0 to 100% by weight of water and an alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, above 90°C (but below the boiling point of the mixture used). Sodium pyrimidinolate was precipitated out in an inert solvent, such as benzene, with simultaneous removal of the water formed. The potassium salt is then reacted with diethylthiophosphoryl chloride by heating for several hours. When the reaction finished, the potassium chloride formed was washed with water and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure leaving diazinon.
950:
413:
318:
975:
and considered legal in 14 states including
California. Yet with the ban starting in 2004, having had 20 years pass, states which have accepted that ban have had hardware stores and other suppliers report that they have "ran out" of products with diazinon. These states which continue to use Diazinon is their products consider their risks low, yet its greatest affect is through inhalation and skin contact. Certain environmental groups continue to protest these states which still continue its use.
146:
137:
812:
muscles/paralysis. Headaches can also be health risks. Some other physiological effects include pinpoint pupils, increased heart rate, seizures, or even coma. Larger exposure to diazinon is known to yield these risks. If it is a smaller exposure, the symptoms may be reduced such as just a runny nose or some eye watering. One thing to note is that while
Diazinon has many different health risks, the EPA has not categorized it as a carcinogen.
33:
696:
974:
During the
Clinton Era, President Clinton signed a tougher pesticide law in 1996. Diazinon was banned from use as an agricultural insecticide. At the time 80% of United States could find Diazinon in their residential products. In fact it still may be in use in certain households, as it is still used
945:
in the microsomal and other subcellular functions within the liver (Reaction 3). Mammals metabolize diazoxon with a half-life of 2 to 6 weeks. Insects lack this hydrolysis step, which allows the toxic substance to accumulate rapidly; the detoxification of diazoxon is processed through the microsomal
873:
After this processing improvement, diazinon became an all-purpose, indoor-and-outdoor, commercial pest control product. In 2004, the US outlawed residential use of diazinon when the EPA determined that its ability to damage the nervous system posed a risk to human health (especially the health of
1099:, the WHO/FAO joint committee on pesticide residues gives the admissible daily intake (ADI) to be 0.005 mg/kg of body weight, while the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicine authority gives the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) to be 0.02 mg/kg of body weight for adults.
1240:
Patients that continue to improve over the first 4 to 6 hours (after medical treatment) usually recover unscathed. Prolonged treatment often is needed to reverse the poisoning, including intensive care hospitalization and long-term therapy. Some toxicity may persist for weeks or months, or even
1299:
Because diazinon is fat soluble, there is potential for delayed toxicity if significant amounts of diazinon are stored in fatty tissues. Intermediate syndrome generally occurs within 24–96 hours after exposure. Intermediate syndrome in humans is characterized by difficulty breathing and
811:
Routes of contact for
Diazinon include breathing it, consuming it, or contact with skin. The negative health effects when in contact with Diazinon includes eye watering, drool or runny nose, not having any appetite, throwing up, intense coughing, abdominal pain, or even stiffness in various
1211:
Typically treatments will vary depending on exposure and method of administration of the toxin. Critical biomarkers such as urine samples, blood content and heart rates are measured while detoxifying the patient. Common treatments for patients with diazinon poisoning include:
966:(OPE) from water by adsorption techniques is regarded as one of the competitive methods because of its simple operation and low cost. Development of new adsorbents with high adsorption capacities is very important for removal of the OPE pollutants in the environment.
1480:
Geller, Robert J.; Lopez, Gaylord P.; Cutler, Stephen; Lin, Diana; Bachman, George F.; Gorman, Susan E. (2003). "Atropine availability as an antidote for nerve agent casualties: Validated rapid reformulation of high-concentration atropine from bulk powder".
3134:
946:
mixed function oxidase system. Although not fully understood, it is believed that this is the cause for the selectivity of diazinon against insects. After the hydrolysis or oxidation diazinon is broken down further (Reaction 4).
850:
However, as the decades following the award passed, DDT was found to be such an environmental danger that developed countries and eventually world-level organizations banned the insecticide for all purposes except for combating
1303:
Studies have suggested that exposure to some organophosphate pesticides can result in long-term neurological problems including organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (weakness or paralysis as well as
1283:
Symptoms of acute diazinon exposure develop in minutes to hours following exposure, depending on the exposure pathway. The initial symptoms of humans are nausea, dizziness, salivation, headache, sweating,
3127:
962:
To date, several methods such as electrochemistry, adsorption, enzymatic biodegradation, and photocatalysis have been tested for the elimination of diazinon from aqueous solutions. The removal of
793:
in residential, non-food buildings. Diazinon was heavily used during the 1970s and early 1980s for general-purpose gardening use and indoor pest control. A bait form was used to control scavenger
3568:
3614:
3120:
1712:
Amani, M. A; Latifi, A. M; Tahvildari, K; Karimian, R (2017). "Removal of diazinon pesticide from aqueous solutions using MCM-41 type materials: Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics".
1331:. Molars from the two oldest subjects contained the largest concentrations of IMPy. And this concentration in molars may be a biomarker of perinatal exposure and during molar formation.
1253:
within the nervous system of the insect. As mentioned above, diazinon inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in
4802:
1377:
636:
601:
709:
4807:
1661:
Kretschmann, Andreas; et al. (2011). "Mechanistic
Toxicodynamic Model for Receptor-Mediated Toxicity of Diazoxon, the Active Metabolite of Diazinon, in Daphnia magna".
937:. Diazinon can also be decomposed via oxidation in the liver (Reaction 2). Both reactions are possible, and likely are catalyzed nonspecifically by the same mixed function
801:. Residential uses of diazinon were outlawed in the U.S. in 2004 because of human health risks but it is still approved for agricultural uses. An emergency antidote is
922:
compound that is much more poisonous than diazinon; it mainly causes the inhibition of AChE. The conversion of diazinon to diazoxon (Reaction 1) is performed by the
797:
in the western U.S. Diazinon is used in flea collars for domestic pets in
Australia and New Zealand. Diazinon is a major component in the "Golden Fleece" brand
1810:"Acetaminophen, pesticide, and diethylhexyl phthalate metabolites, anandamide, and fatty acids in deciduous molars: potential biomarkers of perinatal exposure"
452:
1308:
in the extremities); however, reports of these symptoms following diazinon exposures are rare. Human who have been poisoned show increased levels of serum
991:. The common method of administering diazinon is absorption although inhalation is possible as well. The observed toxification symptoms conform to other
1773:
1391:
Sharom, M.S.; Miles, J.R.W.; Harris, C.R.; McEwen, F.L. (1980). "Behaviour of 12 insecticides in soil and aqueous suspensions of soil and sediment".
4828:
1808:
Camann, David E.; Schultz, Stephen T.; Yau, Alice Y.; Heilbrun, Lynne P.; Zuniga, Michelle M.; Palmer, Raymond F.; Miller, Claudia S. (March 2013).
1300:
muscular weakness, often in the face, neck and proximal limb muscles. Cranial nerve palsies and depressed tendon reflexes have also been reported.
3759:
3229:
1922:
4833:
1864:
1435:
235:
4843:
4681:
4594:
4650:
3454:
1292:. The symptoms can progress to vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, muscle twitching, weakness, tremor, a lack of coordination and
751:
427:
116:
3239:
3734:
2268:
1296:. Furthermore, some studies have even reported some psychiatric side effects including memory loss, confusion, and depression.
992:
3273:
2263:
896:
54:
3199:
3949:
3249:
1889:
716:
4848:
4797:
4536:
3150:
370:
3234:
97:
3744:
2416:
391:
69:
3244:
858:
Diazinon became available for mass use in 1955, while DDT production tapered. Before 1970, diazinon had issues with
4429:
4407:
2910:
2223:
1915:
660:
647:
43:
3209:
3194:
3178:
3095:
2343:
2238:
2054:
1986:
50:
3214:
76:
4624:
4277:
4174:
3899:
867:
3204:
3088:
3046:
2099:
844:
313:
3067:
3027:
2079:
1784:
1748:
1455:
1261:
1034:
949:
836:
83:
275:
4853:
4542:
4463:
3081:
1908:
582:
145:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4672:
4668:
843:-bearing insects. This capability made use of DDT important enough that Müller even received the 1948
4838:
4392:
3739:
3259:
3219:
2228:
1670:
1400:
863:
158:
65:
3112:
4553:
4519:
4453:
4382:
4199:
4149:
3674:
3474:
3332:
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2790:
2386:
2248:
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2059:
2044:
408:
201:
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3441:
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136:
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3312:
3153:
3053:
3039:
2935:
2736:
2466:
2258:
2253:
2074:
2036:
1729:
1694:
3427:
3327:
2871:
2089:
2001:
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4119:
4104:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
3603:
3543:
3533:
3397:
3297:
2916:
1611:
1587:
1264:. This results in abnormal accumulation of ACh within the nervous system. Diazinon, although a
4726:
4722:
4664:
4641:
4630:
4184:
4169:
4044:
3994:
3944:
3824:
3624:
2810:
2596:
2591:
2556:
2516:
2064:
1839:
1831:
1686:
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1498:
1431:
1250:
3929:
3417:
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4009:
3889:
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3709:
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2526:
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1821:
1721:
1678:
1635:
1553:
1490:
1408:
1096:
571:
475:
3884:
1869:
882:
According to the German Patent bureau, the industrial synthesis of diazinon is as follows:
436:
InChI=1S/C12H21N2O3PS/c1-6-15-18(19,16-7-2)17-11-8-10(5)13-12(14-11)9(3)4/h8-9H,6-7H2,1-5H3
379:
4691:
4660:
4574:
4569:
4377:
3664:
3654:
3634:
3074:
2993:
2376:
2361:
1265:
963:
919:
771:
612:
295:
758:), a colorless to dark brown liquid, is a thiophosphoric acid ester developed in 1952 by
211:
1674:
1404:
1268:, shares a common mechanism of toxicity with other organophosphate insecticides such as
412:
317:
255:
4292:
3984:
3904:
3659:
3629:
3469:
2891:
2371:
2210:
912:
852:
687:
1894:
1280:, and is not very effective against the organophosphate-resistant insect populations.
839:
from the then-independent Geigy company had discovered that DDT was effective against
90:
4822:
4362:
4194:
3969:
3934:
3809:
3464:
3143:
2975:
2856:
2800:
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2679:
2669:
2501:
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2147:
2112:
1733:
1412:
1328:
900:
560:
306:
1698:
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4312:
4307:
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4034:
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3018:
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2732:
2704:
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2381:
2356:
2318:
2200:
2190:
2175:
2170:
2160:
2137:
2117:
1966:
1931:
1317:
1269:
607:
359:
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4287:
4189:
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2719:
2699:
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2644:
2619:
2601:
2411:
2195:
2165:
2155:
2107:
2084:
1991:
1981:
1935:
1879:
1305:
1285:
1254:
1028:
988:
829:
774:
626:
32:
1860:
1516:
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4049:
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3814:
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3724:
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3558:
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3459:
3436:
3402:
3367:
3352:
3317:
3292:
3146:
2985:
2965:
2896:
2886:
2876:
2866:
2846:
2826:
2757:
2747:
2714:
2709:
2689:
2674:
2664:
2639:
2629:
2624:
2611:
2561:
2531:
2471:
2451:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2406:
2328:
2303:
2293:
2185:
2180:
2132:
2122:
2049:
1996:
1976:
1961:
1884:
1725:
1373:
1289:
1039:
821:
782:
759:
515:
286:
1900:
1874:
1835:
1565:
4610:
4494:
4443:
4352:
4347:
4337:
4179:
4114:
4109:
4099:
4054:
4024:
4019:
4004:
3989:
3959:
3924:
3914:
3819:
3699:
3689:
3679:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3563:
3538:
3503:
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2906:
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2742:
2724:
2541:
2521:
2511:
2491:
2476:
2391:
2366:
2333:
2233:
2127:
2021:
2011:
1956:
1943:
1541:
1327:
show 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (IMPy, a metabolite of diazinon) in
1277:
1273:
1018:
942:
926:
918:
When diazinon enters the body, it is oxidatively decomposed to diazoxon, an
911:
group. The inhibition of AChE causes an abnormal accumulation of ACh in the
874:
children). The chemical is still used for industrial agricultural purposes.
798:
778:
1843:
1690:
1573:
1502:
17:
1557:
4777:
4479:
4412:
4367:
4297:
4265:
4164:
4144:
4134:
3999:
3919:
3849:
3834:
3714:
3619:
3553:
3498:
3422:
3372:
3302:
3282:
3101:
3003:
2998:
2970:
2945:
2901:
2881:
2586:
2571:
2461:
2446:
2351:
2288:
2069:
2026:
2006:
1971:
1951:
1494:
1313:
1249:
Diazinon is a contact insecticide which kills insects by altering normal
1226:
1008:
1004:
984:
859:
825:
802:
767:
763:
1826:
1809:
4514:
4422:
4387:
4159:
4059:
4029:
4014:
3964:
3859:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3749:
3704:
3598:
3593:
3513:
3508:
3382:
2939:
2831:
2782:
2576:
2566:
2546:
2536:
2496:
2421:
2313:
2283:
1428:
Exploring QSAR: Volume 2: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric
Constants
1309:
1257:
1013:
938:
908:
904:
840:
550:
346:
1772:
Office of
Chemical Safety Department of Health and Ageing Canberra.
1682:
1350:
The Merck Index - An
Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals
4039:
3829:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3387:
3161:
2551:
2441:
2308:
2298:
2218:
2016:
1875:
Diazinon
Pesticide Information Profile - Extension Toxicology Network
1870:
Diazinon Technical Fact Sheet - National Pesticide Information Center
1293:
1023:
266:
1316:
levels accompanied by symptoms considered to be indicative of acute
1107:
Intoxication of diazinon produces the following signs and symptoms:
686:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
953:
The mechanism, described above of the biotransformation of Diazinon
334:
4417:
4139:
4129:
3979:
3874:
3224:
2506:
2323:
1540:
Dahlgren, J. G.; Takhar, H. S.; Ruffalo, C. A.; Zwass, M. (2004).
1324:
1230:
1044:
999:
948:
934:
923:
732:
542:
246:
234:
224:
3008:
2278:
794:
790:
673:
536:
325:
3116:
1904:
2273:
832:
786:
26:
1714:
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
3569:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
396:
4682:
4595:
3615:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
4651:
1814:
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology
1774:"AUSTRALIAN PESTICIDES AND VETERINARY MEDICINES AUTHORITY"
1430:. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. p. 106.
1885:
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Diazinon
870:
were used to reduce the residual, unwanted materials.
704:
855:
insects, leading Ciba-Geigy to research alternatives.
1378:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1426:
Hansch, Corwin; Leo, Albert; Hoekman, David (1995).
820:
Diazinon was developed in 1952 by the Swiss company
4736:
4640:
4623:
4593:
4552:
4535:
4462:
3258:
3177:
3160:
3017:
2984:
2819:
2781:
2610:
2342:
2209:
2146:
2098:
2035:
1942:
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1323:A study found that 10% of 21 typically developing
3179:
1749:"EPA Takes Pest Killer Diazinon Off the Shelves"
1456:"EPA Takes Pest Killer Diazinon Off the Shelves"
983:Diazinon is considered to be of relatively high
358:
899:. This enzyme breaks down the neurotransmitter
210:
4524:Many of the other AChE inhibitors listed above
1225:Medicinal Treatments; including the antidotes
4464:
3128:
1916:
1352:. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck. p. 508.
8:
4803:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
3260:
1612:"Diazinon | Public Health Statement | ATSDR"
1588:"Diazinon | Public Health Statement | ATSDR"
4808:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
4687:Tooltip Vesicle-associated membrane protein
4600:Tooltip Vesicular acetylcholine transporter
4554:
611:
4656:Tooltip Synaptosomal-associated protein 25
4637:
4549:
3174:
3135:
3121:
3113:
1923:
1909:
1901:
1546:Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology
411:
316:
294:
128:
1825:
1222:Irrigation (washing of the skin and eyes)
378:
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1542:"Health effects of diazinon on a family"
1372:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
1312:and glucose as well as elevated urinary
1049:
3760:Dimethyl 4-(methylthio)phenyl phosphate
1340:
457:
432:
407:
1663:Environmental Science & Technology
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
307:
3950:Methylfluorophosphonylcholine (MFPCh)
3200:2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium
1865:National Pesticide Information Center
1640:National Pesticide Information Center
941:. Diazoxon is further broken down by
897:acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor
439:Key: FHIVAFMUCKRCQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
274:
254:
7:
1449:
1447:
631:82 °C; 180 °F; 355 K
55:adding citations to reliable sources
4747:
3250:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate
828:) to replace the formerly dominant
349:
333:
1114:Small pupils (unreactive to light)
891:Metabolism and mechanism of action
762:, a Swiss chemical company (later
505:
25:
3184:Tooltip Choline acetyltransferase
1069:214 mg•kg−1 (human, oral, TD
4244:Fasciculins (green mamba toxins)
3735:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
1095:On the other hand, in regard to
1083:17 mg•kg−1 (mouse, oral, LD
866:; but by the 1970s, alternative
694:
493:
487:
460:S=P(OCC)(OCC)Oc1nc(nc(c1)C)C(C)C
144:
135:
31:
4829:Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
4175:Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP)
3900:Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP)
1636:"Diazinon Technical Fact Sheet"
993:acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
979:Toxicity and effects on animals
690:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
531:Colorless to dark brown liquid
42:needs additional citations for
3245:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate
1076:66 mg•kg−1 (rat, oral, LD
508:
499:
481:
1:
4798:Receptor/signaling modulators
4570:Hemicholinium-3 (hemicholine)
4469:Tooltip Butyrylcholinesterase
1517:"Diazinon General Fact Sheet"
1111:Eyes, ears, nose, and throat
641:(US health exposure limits):
4834:Organophosphate insecticides
3265:Tooltip Acetylcholinesterase
1861:Diazinon general information
1483:Annals of Emergency Medicine
1413:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90158-X
929:enzyme system and requires O
4559:Tooltip Choline transporter
4505:Profenamine (ethopropazine)
3745:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
3210:4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine
3195:1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium
2417:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
995:. Symptoms are as follows:
183:Diethoxy--thioxophosphorane
4870:
4844:Organothiophosphate esters
4408:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
3215:Acetylseco hemicholinium-3
1747:Cone, Marla (2005-01-01).
1454:Cone, Marla (1 Jan 2005).
1348:Budavari, S., ed. (1996).
1125:Low or high blood pressure
555:1.116-1.118 g/cm at 20 °C
4790:
3096:Purpureocillium lilacinum
2055:Chromated copper arsenate
1987:m-Cumenyl methylcarbamate
1897:, Public Health Statement
1726:10.1007/s13762-017-1469-x
1245:Efficacy and side effects
895:Diazinon functions as an
777:formerly used to control
684:
635:
620:
594:
468:
448:
423:
194:
180:
157:
152:
143:
134:
4278:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
2100:Insect growth regulators
1128:Slow or rapid heart rate
3455:+glycopyrronium bromide
3089:Paenibacillus popilliae
1880:EPA Documents: Diazinon
1262:neuromuscular junctions
1219:Intravenous fluids (IV)
845:Nobel Prize in Medicine
835:. In 1939, the chemist
770:). It is a nonsystemic
3205:3-Chloro-4-stillbazole
3068:Metarhizium anisopliae
3047:Beauveria brongniartii
3028:Bacillus thuringiensis
2080:Lead hydrogen arsenate
1035:drop in blood pressure
954:
809:Specific Health Risks:
3082:Lecanicillium lecanii
1558:10.1081/clt-200026979
952:
590:3.81 (octanol/water)
4766:Atracotoxins (e.g.,
4393:Tetrahydrocannabinol
3740:Diisopropylphosphate
2229:Carbon tetrachloride
1495:10.1067/mem.2003.103
1266:thiophosphoric ester
1136:Breathing difficulty
868:purification methods
159:Preferred IUPAC name
51:improve this article
4849:Isopropyl compounds
4752:Tooltip Latrophilin
4454:Trimedoxime bromide
4383:Stercuronium iodide
4200:Tricresyl phosphate
3675:Chlorpyrifos-methyl
3061:Metarhizium acridum
2791:Chlorantraniliprole
2387:Chlorpyrifos-methyl
2060:Copper(II) arsenate
2045:Aluminium phosphide
2037:Inorganic compounds
1890:Chemical Fact Sheet
1827:10.1038/jes.2012.71
1675:2011EnST...45.4980K
1405:1980WatRe..14.1095S
970:Banning of Diazinon
958:Removal of diazinon
837:Paul Hermann Müller
572:Solubility in water
523: g·mol
131:
4271:Onchidella binneyi
3613:Organophosphates:
3054:Isaria fumosorosea
3040:Beauveria bassiana
2936:Piperonyl butoxide
2737:chrysanthemic acid
2075:Diatomaceous earth
1216:Assisted Breathing
1117:Tearing, increased
1103:Symptoms in humans
955:
748:- phosphorothioate
717:Infobox references
676:(Immediate danger)
174:- phosphorothioate
129:
4816:
4815:
4786:
4785:
4634:
4619:
4618:
4546:
4531:
4530:
4170:Tetrachlorvinphos
4045:Pirimiphos-methyl
3995:Oxydemeton-methyl
3945:Methyl phenkapton
3171:
3110:
3109:
2911:+milbemycin oxime
2592:Tetrachlorvinphos
2557:Pirimiphos-methyl
2517:Oxydemeton-methyl
2065:Copper(I) cyanide
1753:Los Angeles Times
1683:10.1021/es1042386
1669:(11): 4980–4987.
1460:Los Angeles Times
1437:978-0-8412-2991-4
1251:neurotransmission
1190:Gastrointestinal
1093:
1092:
725:Chemical compound
723:
722:
392:CompTox Dashboard
236:Interactive image
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
4861:
4753:
4749:
4688:
4684:
4657:
4653:
4638:
4628:
4601:
4597:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4540:
4470:
4466:
4434:Asoxime chloride
4010:Parathion-methyl
3710:Demeton-S-methyl
3266:
3262:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3165:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3114:
2796:Cyantraniliprole
2527:Parathion-methyl
2397:Demeton-S-methyl
2344:Organophosphorus
1925:
1918:
1911:
1902:
1848:
1847:
1829:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1783:. Archived from
1781:www.apvma.gov.au
1778:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1720:(6): 1301–1312.
1709:
1703:
1702:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1369:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1199:Loss of appetite
1193:Abdominal cramps
1097:chronic toxicity
1050:
964:organophosphates
707:
701:
698:
697:
615:
522:
510:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
476:Chemical formula
416:
415:
400:
398:
382:
362:
351:
337:
320:
309:
298:
278:
258:
238:
214:
148:
139:
132:
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4782:
4751:
4732:
4692:Botulinum toxin
4686:
4661:Botulinum toxin
4655:
4627:
4615:
4599:
4589:
4575:Triethylcholine
4558:
4539:
4527:
4468:
4458:
4378:Rosmarinic acid
4145:Sulfotep (TEDP)
3815:Ethylsarin (GE)
3695:Cyclosarin (GF)
3665:Chlorfenvinphos
3655:Carbophenothion
3635:Azinphos-methyl
3264:
3254:
3220:Acryloylcholine
3183:
3164:
3156:
3141:
3111:
3106:
3075:Nomuraea rileyi
3013:
2980:
2820:Other chemicals
2815:
2777:
2606:
2377:Chlorfenvinphos
2362:Azinphos-methyl
2338:
2211:Organochlorides
2205:
2142:
2094:
2090:Scheele's Green
2031:
1938:
1929:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1618:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1399:(8): 1095–100.
1390:
1389:
1385:
1371:
1370:
1357:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1247:
1144:Nervous system
1139:Chest tightness
1122:Cardiovascular
1105:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1064:
981:
960:
932:
920:organophosphate
893:
880:
818:
772:organophosphate
726:
719:
714:
713:
712: ?)
703:
699:
695:
691:
677:
664:
651:
604:
574:
520:
504:
498:
492:
486:
478:
464:
461:
456:
455:
444:
441:
440:
437:
431:
430:
419:
401:
394:
385:
365:
352:
340:
301:
281:
261:
241:
228:
217:
204:
190:
188:
186:
184:
176:
175:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4867:
4865:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4821:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4760:
4759:
4742:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4727:γ-bungarotoxin
4723:β-bungarotoxin
4712:
4711:
4677:
4676:
4646:
4644:
4635:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4604:
4602:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4563:
4561:
4547:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4473:
4471:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4263:
4241:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3985:Novichok agent
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3905:Isofluorophate
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3660:Chlorethoxyfos
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3630:Azinphos-ethyl
3627:
3622:
3617:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3470:Pyridostigmine
3467:
3462:
3457:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3269:
3267:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3188:
3186:
3172:
3158:
3157:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3031:
3023:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2892:Hydramethylnon
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2372:Chlorethoxyfos
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2148:Neonicotinoids
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1856:
1855:External links
1853:
1850:
1849:
1820:(2): 190–196.
1800:
1764:
1739:
1704:
1653:
1627:
1603:
1579:
1552:(5): 579–591.
1532:
1508:
1472:
1443:
1436:
1418:
1393:Water Research
1383:
1355:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1236:Gastric Lavage
1234:
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1220:
1217:
1209:
1208:
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1077:
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1057:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1002:
980:
977:
959:
956:
930:
913:synaptic cleft
892:
889:
888:
887:
879:
876:
853:disease-vector
817:
814:
724:
721:
720:
715:
693:
692:
688:standard state
685:
682:
681:
678:
672:
669:
668:
667:TWA 0.1 mg/m
665:
659:
656:
655:
652:
646:
643:
642:
633:
632:
629:
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4762:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4719:Bungarotoxins
4717:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4689:inactivators:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4658:inactivators:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4626:
4622:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4598:
4592:
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4565:
4564:
4562:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4534:
4523:
4521:
4520:ZINC-12613047
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
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4481:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4467:
4461:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
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4435:
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4424:
4421:
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4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4363:Lactucopicrin
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4195:Trichloronate
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3970:Monocrotophos
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3935:Methamidophos
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:Echothiophate
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3611:Irreversible:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:Quilostigmine
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3465:Physostigmine
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:; Stigmines:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:Chloropropham
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3144:Acetylcholine
3138:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3019:Biopesticides
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2976:Metaflumizone
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:Chlordimeform
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2801:Flubendiamide
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2773:Transfluthrin
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:Fenpropathrin
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:Esfenvalerate
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:Monocrotophos
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2482:Methamidophos
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
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2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
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2360:
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2349:
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2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
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2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
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2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Diflubenzuron
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
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1871:
1868:
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1854:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1790:on 2013-04-19
1786:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1765:
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1727:
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1607:
1604:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1522:
1521:npic.orst.edu
1518:
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1500:
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1444:
1439:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1056:Observations
1055:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
994:
990:
986:
978:
976:
972:
971:
967:
965:
957:
951:
947:
944:
940:
936:
928:
925:
921:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:acetylcholine
898:
890:
885:
884:
883:
877:
875:
871:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
831:
827:
823:
815:
813:
810:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
747:
743:
739:
734:
730:
718:
711:
706:
689:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:
666:
663:(Recommended)
662:
658:
657:
653:
650:(Permissible)
649:
645:
644:
640:
639:
634:
630:
628:
625:
624:
619:
614:
609:
606:
603:
599:
598:
595:Pharmacology
593:
589:
587:
586:
581:
580:
576:
573:
569:
568:
564:
562:
561:Boiling point
559:
558:
554:
552:
549:
548:
544:
540:
538:
535:
534:
530:
527:
526:
519:
517:
514:
513:
480:
477:
473:
472:
467:
458:
454:
447:
433:
429:
422:
414:
410:
409:DTXSID9020407
406:
405:
403:
393:
389:
388:
381:
377:
376:
374:
372:
369:
368:
361:
357:
356:
354:
348:
344:
343:
336:
332:
331:
329:
327:
324:
323:
319:
315:
312:
310:
308:ECHA InfoCard
305:
304:
297:
293:
292:
290:
288:
285:
284:
277:
273:
272:
270:
268:
265:
264:
257:
253:
252:
250:
248:
245:
244:
237:
233:
232:
230:
226:
221:
220:
213:
209:
208:
206:
203:
199:
198:
193:
179:
173:
169:
165:
160:
156:
151:
147:
142:
138:
133:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
4854:Ethyl esters
4763:
4757:α-Latrotoxin
4745:
4715:
4680:
4649:
4607:
4581:
4566:
4510:Rivastigmine
4476:
4430:Reactivators
4403:Ungiminorine
4358:Kobophenol A
4323:Coronaridine
4313:Bulbocapnine
4308:Arisugacin A
4284:
4269:
4155:Tebupirimfos
4035:Phosphamidon
3940:Methidathion
3845:Fenitrothion
3719:
3670:Chlorpyrifos
3610:
3485:Terestigmine
3480:Rivastigmine
3442:Eptastigmine
3393:Phenmedipham
3363:Formparanate
3348:Ethiofencarb
3281:Carbamates:
3278:
3272:
3191:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3026:
2961:Tebufenpyrad
2956:Tebufenozide
2862:Chlorfenapyr
2837:Azadirachtin
2768:Tralomethrin
2763:Tetramethrin
2705:Metofluthrin
2660:Deltamethrin
2655:Cyphenothrin
2650:Cypermethrin
2635:Bioallethrin
2582:Tebupirimfos
2487:Methidathion
2457:Fenitrothion
2401:
2382:Chlorpyrifos
2357:Azamethiphos
2319:Methoxychlor
2201:Thiamethoxam
2191:Paichongding
2176:Imidaclothiz
2171:Imidacloprid
2161:Clothianidin
2138:Pyriproxyfen
2118:Flufenoxuron
2108:Benzoylureas
1967:Butocarboxim
1936:Insecticides
1932:Pest control
1817:
1813:
1803:
1792:. Retrieved
1785:the original
1780:
1767:
1756:. Retrieved
1752:
1742:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1639:
1630:
1619:. Retrieved
1616:wwwn.cdc.gov
1615:
1606:
1595:. Retrieved
1592:wwwn.cdc.gov
1591:
1582:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:
1511:
1489:(4): 453–6.
1486:
1482:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1459:
1427:
1421:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1349:
1343:
1322:
1318:pancreatitis
1302:
1298:
1282:
1270:chlorpyrifos
1248:
1239:
1210:
1159:Excitability
1133:Respiratory
1106:
1094:
982:
973:
969:
968:
961:
917:
894:
881:
872:
860:contaminants
857:
849:
819:
808:
807:
755:
745:
741:
737:
736:
728:
727:
637:
584:
276:ChEMBL388560
195:Identifiers
181:Other names
171:
167:
163:
113:
107:January 2013
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
4839:Pyrimidines
4608:Inhibitors:
4585:Coluracetam
4567:Inhibitors:
4537:Transporter
4477:Inhibitors:
4449:Pralidoxime
4343:Cyclanoline
4293:α-Viniferin
4190:Trichlorfon
3955:Metrifonate
3870:Fosthiazate
3855:Fluorotabun
3730:Dicrotophos
3685:Crotylsarin
3529:Huperzine A
3524:Galantamine
3519:Edrophonium
3452:Neostigmine
3447:Ganstigmine
3413:Propamocarb
3358:Formetanate
3343:Ethienocarb
3323:Carbosulfan
3313:Carbetamide
3308:Carbendazim
3279:Reversible:
3192:Inhibitors:
3034:Baculovirus
2986:Metabolites
2951:Sulfluramid
2753:Silafluofen
2720:Prallethrin
2700:Imiprothrin
2695:Fluvalinate
2685:Fenvalerate
2645:Cyhalothrin
2620:Acrinathrin
2612:Pyrethroids
2602:Trichlorfon
2467:Fosthiazate
2412:Dicrotophos
2196:Thiacloprid
2166:Dinotefuran
2156:Acetamiprid
2085:Paris Green
1992:Ethienocarb
1982:Carbosulfan
1306:paresthesia
1286:lacrimation
1255:cholinergic
1150:Convulsions
1053:Lethal Dose
1029:Bradycardia
989:vertebrates
903:(ACh) into
830:insecticide
779:cockroaches
775:insecticide
627:Flash point
602:ATCvet code
565:decomposes
528:Appearance
469:Properties
314:100.005.795
256:CHEBI:34682
189:Spectracide
18:Spectracide
4823:Categories
4772:versutoxin
4768:robustoxin
4642:Inhibitors
4631:modulators
4582:Enhancers:
4543:modulators
4500:Ladostigil
4490:Conodurine
4485:Affinisine
4398:Ungeremine
4373:Phosacetim
4333:Corynoline
4328:Corydaline
4318:Conodurine
4303:Affinisine
4239:Demecarium
4237:; Others:
4150:Tabun (GA)
4140:Soman (GD)
4130:Sarin (GB)
4050:Profenofos
3910:Isoxathion
3895:Guanitoxin
3865:Formothion
3840:Fenamiphos
3770:Disulfoton
3765:Dioxathion
3755:Dimethoate
3725:Dichlorvos
3559:Ladostigil
3549:Ipidacrine
3494:Ambenonium
3489:Acotiamide
3487:; Others:
3460:Phenserine
3437:Distigmine
3428:Thiodicarb
3403:Pirimicarb
3368:Methiocarb
3353:Fenobucarb
3328:Chlorbufam
3318:Carbofuran
3293:Bendiocarb
3274:Inhibitors
3168:modulators
3154:modulators
3147:metabolism
2966:Veracevine
2897:Indoxacarb
2887:Fluralaner
2877:Fenoxycarb
2872:Fenazaquin
2867:Cyromazine
2847:Buprofezin
2827:Afoxolaner
2758:Tefluthrin
2748:Resmethrin
2715:Phenothrin
2710:Permethrin
2690:Flumethrin
2675:Etofenprox
2665:Empenthrin
2640:Cyfluthrin
2630:Bifenthrin
2625:Allethrins
2562:Quinalphos
2532:Phenthoate
2472:Isoxathion
2452:Fenamiphos
2437:Disulfoton
2432:Dioxathion
2427:Dimethoate
2407:Dichlorvos
2329:Tetradifon
2304:Heptachlor
2294:Endosulfan
2239:Cyclodiene
2186:Nithiazine
2181:Nitenpyram
2133:Methoprene
2123:Hydroprene
2050:Boric acid
2002:Isoprocarb
1997:Fenobucarb
1977:Carbofuran
1962:Bendiocarb
1944:Carbamates
1794:2024-05-14
1758:2024-03-14
1621:2024-03-14
1597:2024-03-14
1526:2024-03-14
1335:References
1290:rhinorrhea
1179:Irritation
1040:Convulsion
943:hydrolases
927:microsomal
822:Ciba-Geigy
783:silverfish
760:Ciba-Geigy
516:Molar mass
380:YUS1M1Q929
287:ChemSpider
223:3D model (
202:CAS Number
77:newspapers
66:"Diazinon"
4754:agonists:
4738:Enhancers
4611:Vesamicol
4495:Cymserine
4444:Obidoxime
4439:Methoxime
4353:Harmaline
4348:Cymserine
4338:Crimidine
4285:Unsorted:
4180:Triazofos
4120:Ro 3-0433
4115:Ro 3-0422
4110:Ro 3-0419
4105:Ro 3-0417
4100:Ro 3-0412
4095:Ro 3-0411
4090:Ro 3-0397
4085:Ro 3-0352
4080:Ro 3-0351
4075:Ro 3-0347
4070:Ro 3-0346
4065:Ro 3-0340
4055:Prothoate
4025:Phosfolan
4020:Phosalone
4005:Parathion
3990:Omethoate
3960:Mevinphos
3925:Malathion
3915:Leptophos
3820:Endothion
3700:Demephion
3690:Cyanophos
3680:Coumaphos
3650:Cadusafos
3645:Bensulide
3640:BAY-29952
3604:Zanapezil
3564:Minaprine
3544:Huprine Y
3539:Huprine X
3534:Huprine W
3504:Donepezil
3433:Thiofanox
3408:Promecarb
3398:Pinmicarb
3378:Metolcarb
3338:Dimetilan
3298:Bufencarb
3288:Aminocarb
3240:CM-54,903
3151:transport
2932:Adjuvants
2927:Sarolaner
2922:Pyriprole
2917:Pyridaben
2907:Lotilaner
2842:Bensultap
2806:Ryanodine
2743:Pyrethrum
2725:Pyrethrin
2542:Phosalone
2522:Parathion
2512:Omethoate
2492:Mevinphos
2477:Malathion
2392:Coumaphos
2367:Bensulide
2334:Toxaphene
2234:Chlordane
2128:Lufenuron
2022:Promecarb
2012:Metolcarb
1957:Aminocarb
1836:1559-0631
1734:104194226
1566:0731-3810
1278:parathion
1274:malathion
1171:Twitching
1156:Dizziness
1019:Headaches
878:Synthesis
799:sheep dip
766:and then
756:Dimpylate
744:-Diethyl
170:-Diethyl
130:Diazinon
4794:See also
4778:Crotoxin
4480:Affinine
4413:BW284C51
4368:Lycorine
4298:Affinine
4288:α-Pinene
4266:Onchidal
4185:Tribufos
4165:Terbufos
4135:Schradan
4000:Paraoxon
3920:Malaoxon
3850:Fenthion
3835:Ethoprop
3720:Diazinon
3715:Dialifor
3620:Acephate
3554:Itopride
3499:Caffeine
3423:Propoxur
3373:Methomyl
3303:Carbaryl
3283:Aldicarb
3102:Spinosad
3004:Paraoxon
2999:Malaoxon
2971:Xanthone
2946:Spinosad
2902:Limonene
2882:Fipronil
2811:Ryanodol
2783:Ryanoids
2597:Tribufos
2587:Terbufos
2572:Schradan
2462:Fenthion
2447:Ethoprop
2402:Diazinon
2352:Acephate
2289:Dieldrin
2224:Beta-HCH
2070:Cryolite
2027:Propoxur
2007:Methomyl
1972:Carbaryl
1952:Aldicarb
1895:Diazinon
1844:22805989
1699:31463849
1691:21539304
1574:15462149
1503:12658242
1380:(NIOSH).
1325:children
1314:diastase
1258:synapses
1241:longer.
1227:atropine
1205:Vomiting
1196:Diarrhea
1185:Sweating
1165:Weakness
1162:Headache
1009:vomiting
1005:Diarrhea
985:toxicity
864:solution
826:Novartis
803:atropine
768:Syngenta
764:Novartis
729:Diazinon
621:Hazards
616:)
608:QP53AF03
577:40 mg/L
212:333-41-5
4764:Others:
4716:Others:
4652:SNAP-25
4625:Release
4515:Tacrine
4423:3152 CT
4388:Taspine
4160:Temefos
4060:R-16661
4030:Phosmet
4015:Phorate
3965:Mipafox
3930:Mazidox
3860:Fonofos
3805:EA-4352
3800:EA-3148
3795:EA-2613
3790:EA-2192
3785:EA-2098
3780:EA-2054
3775:EA-2012
3750:Dimefox
3705:Demeton
3599:Tacrine
3594:TL-1238
3514:EA-4056
3509:EA-3990
3418:Propham
3383:Miotine
2940:Sesamex
2832:Amitraz
2577:Temefos
2567:R-16661
2547:Phosmet
2537:Phorate
2497:Mipafox
2422:Dimefox
2314:Lindane
2284:Dicofol
2259:1,2-DCE
2254:1,1-DCE
2249:1,4-DCB
2244:1,2-DCB
1671:Bibcode
1401:Bibcode
1374:"#0181"
1310:amylase
1182:Redness
1147:Anxiety
1087:) (2,5)
1080:) (2,4)
1073:) (2,3)
1033:Sudden
1014:Vertigo
1007:and/or
939:oxidase
909:acetate
907:and an
905:choline
862:in its
841:malaria
816:History
710:what is
708: (
610: (
551:Density
541:faint,
347:PubChem
187:Diazide
185:Basudin
91:scholar
4125:Ronnel
4040:Phoxim
3830:Ethion
3625:Armine
3589:TL-599
3584:T-1194
3579:T-1152
3574:T-1123
3388:Oxamyl
3162:Enzyme
2852:Cartap
2552:Phoxim
2442:Ethion
2309:Kepone
2299:Endrin
2219:Aldrin
2017:Oxamyl
1842:
1834:
1732:
1697:
1689:
1646:31 May
1642:. NPIC
1572:
1564:
1501:
1434:
1329:molars
1294:miosis
1288:, and
1202:Nausea
1168:Tremor
1024:Miosis
789:, and
735:name:
705:verify
702:
545:-like
521:304.34
453:SMILES
335:D07856
267:ChEMBL
153:Names
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
4596:VAChT
4418:TMTFA
3980:Naled
3885:GT-45
3875:GD-42
3225:AF64A
2507:Naled
2324:Mirex
1788:(PDF)
1777:(PDF)
1730:S2CID
1695:S2CID
1465:2 Jul
1231:oxime
1176:Skin
1045:Apnea
1000:Colic
935:NADPH
924:liver
824:(now
795:wasps
791:fleas
733:IUPAC
680:N.D.
654:none
638:NIOSH
543:ester
428:InChI
247:ChEBI
225:JSmol
98:JSTOR
84:books
4748:LPHN
4683:VAMP
4465:BChE
3975:MSPI
3261:AChE
3235:BETA
3230:B115
3180:ChAT
3149:and
3009:TCPy
2994:Oxon
2279:DFDT
1840:PMID
1832:ISSN
1687:PMID
1648:2019
1570:PMID
1562:ISSN
1499:PMID
1467:2020
1432:ISBN
1276:and
1260:and
1229:and
1153:Coma
987:for
933:and
787:ants
674:IDLH
583:log
537:Odor
371:UNII
360:3017
326:KEGG
296:2909
70:news
4555:CHT
3825:EPN
2274:DDT
2269:DDE
2264:DDD
1822:doi
1722:doi
1679:doi
1554:doi
1491:doi
1409:doi
833:DDT
805:.
752:INN
661:REL
648:PEL
613:WHO
397:EPA
350:CID
53:by
4825::
4770:,
4725:,
4706:,
4702:,
4698:,
4671:,
4667:,
4432::
4258:,
4254:,
4250:,
4235:VX
4230:VR
4225:VS
4220:VP
4215:VM
4210:VG
4205:VE
3890:GV
3880:GH
2938:,
2735:;
2733:II
2731:,
1934::
1863:-
1838:.
1830:.
1818:23
1816:.
1812:.
1779:.
1751:.
1728:.
1718:15
1716:.
1693:.
1685:.
1677:.
1667:45
1665:.
1638:.
1614:.
1590:.
1568:.
1560:.
1550:42
1548:.
1544:.
1519:.
1497:.
1487:41
1485:.
1458:.
1446:^
1407:.
1397:14
1395:.
1376:.
1358:^
1320:.
1272:,
1085:50
1078:50
1071:Lo
1063:50
1061:LD
915:.
847:.
785:,
781:,
754:-
750:,
491:21
485:12
4774:)
4729:)
4721:(
4710:)
4708:G
4704:F
4700:D
4696:B
4694:(
4675:)
4673:E
4669:C
4665:A
4663:(
4633:)
4629:(
4545:)
4541:(
4274:)
4268:(
4262:)
4260:4
4256:3
4252:2
4248:1
4246:(
3276::
3170:)
3166:(
3136:e
3129:t
3122:v
2942:)
2934:(
2913:)
2909:(
2739:)
2729:I
2727:(
1924:e
1917:t
1910:v
1846:.
1824::
1797:.
1761:.
1736:.
1724::
1701:.
1681::
1673::
1650:.
1624:.
1600:.
1576:.
1556::
1529:.
1505:.
1493::
1469:.
1440:.
1415:.
1411::
1403::
1233:.
931:2
746:O
742:O
740:,
738:O
731:(
700:Y
585:P
509:S
506:P
503:3
500:O
497:2
494:N
488:H
482:C
399:)
395:(
227:)
172:O
168:O
166:,
164:O
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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