Spondyloarthritis - Knowledge

93: 522: 644: 267: 62: 1186:, particularly those who are older and have had the condition longer, may be more likely than population controls to be work handicapped or not engage in the labor market. Additionally, patients with ankylosing spondylitis were more likely to have never married or been divorced. Compared to expectations, women with 2250:

Kollnberger, Simon; Bird, Lucy A.; Roddis, Matthew; Hacquard-Bouder, Cecile; Kubagawa, Hiromi; Bodmer, Helen C.; Breban, Maxime; McMichael, Andrew J.; Bowness, Paul (2004-08-01). "HLA-B27 Heavy Chain Homodimers Are Expressed in HLA-B27 Transgenic Rodent Models of Spondyloarthritis and Are Ligands for

1087:

is superior to home exercises, individual home-based or supervised exercise programs are preferable to no intervention, and in-patient spondyloarthritis exercise therapy combined with follow-up group physiotherapy is superior to group physiotherapy alone. Recreational exercise, whether performed in a

3635:

van der Heijde, Désirée; Kivitz, Alan; Schiff, Michael H.; Sieper, Joachim; Dijkmans, Ben A. C.; Braun, Jürgen; Dougados, Maxime; Reveille, John D.; Wong, Robert L.; Kupper, Hartmut; Davis, John C. (2006-06-27). "Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Results of a

320:

is an aseptic arthritis caused by an infectious pathogen found outside the joint. Particularly affecting the joints in the lower limbs, the arthritis is usually oligoarticular. In most cases, the condition develops quickly; two to four joints may swell and hurt in an uneven manner within a few days.

1236:

is unknown. According to the data available, children who have had a condition for longer than five years are more likely to be impaired. After five years of the illness, the chance of remission was only 17 percent. After ten years of the condition, moderate to severe restriction affects around 60%

631:

since up to 10 years might pass between the onset of inflammatory back pain and the development of radiographic sacroiliitis. Criteria for the early diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis have been developed in light of the emergence of effective treatments. These criteria consider the added value of

1092:

feel less stiff and in pain. Back exercise also helps these patients function better, but the effects vary depending on how long the disease has been present. Patients' health improves when they engage in back exercises five days a week and recreational activity for at least half an hour each day.

3679:

Inman, Robert D.; Davis, John C.; Heijde, Désirée Van Der; Diekman, Laura; Sieper, Joachim; Kim, Sung Il; Mack, Michael; Han, John; Visvanathan, Sudha; Xu, Zhenhua; Hsu, Benjamin; Beutler, Anna; Braun, Jürgen (2008-10-30). "Efficacy and safety of golimumab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis:

3446:

Davis, John C.; Van Der Heijde, Désirée; Braun, Jurgen; Dougados, Maxime; Cush, John; Clegg, Daniel O.; Kivitz, Alan; Fleischmann, Roy; Inman, Robert; Tsuji, Wayne (2003). "Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (etanercept) for treating ankylosing spondylitis: A randomized, controlled

2898:

Sieper, J; van der Heijde, D; Landewe, R; Brandt, J; Burgos-Vagas, R; Collantes-Estevez, E; Dijkmans, B; Dougados, M; Khan, M A; Leirisalo-Repo, M; van der Linden, S; Maksymowych, W P; Mielants, H; Olivieri, I; Rudwaleit, M (2009-01-15). "New criteria for inflammatory back pain in patients with

3330:

Braun, J; van den Berg, R; Baraliakos, X; Boehm, H; Burgos-Vargas, R; Collantes-Estevez, E; Dagfinrud, H; Dijkmans, B; Dougados, M; Emery, P; Geher, P; Hammoudeh, M; Inman, RD; Jongkees, M; Khan, MA; Kiltz, U; Kvien, TK; Leirisalo-Repo, M; Maksymowych, WP; Olivieri, I; Pavelka, K; Sieper, J;

2843:

Maksymowych, Walter P.; Inman, Robert D.; Salonen, David; Dhillon, Suhkvinder S.; Williams, Martin; Stone, Millicent; Conner-spady, Barbara; Palsat, Janice; Lambert, Robert G. W. (2005-10-05). "Spondyloarthritis research Consortium of Canada magnetic resonance imaging index for assessment of

1633:

Rudwaleit, M; van der Heijde, D; Landewe, R; Listing, J; Akkoc, N; Brandt, J; Braun, J; Chou, C T; Collantes-Estevez, E; Dougados, M; Huang, F; Gu, J; Khan, M A; Kirazli, Y; Maksymowych, W P; Mielants, H; Sorensen, I J; Ozgocmen, S; Roussou, E; Valle-Onate, R; Weber, U; Wei, J; Sieper, J

1716:

Rudwaleit, M.; van der Heijde, D.; Landewe, R.; Akkoc, N.; Brandt, J.; Chou, C. T.; Dougados, M.; Huang, F.; Gu, J.; Kirazli, Y.; Van den Bosch, F.; Olivieri, I.; Roussou, E.; Scarpato, S.; Sorensen, I. J.; Valle-Onate, R.; Weber, U.; Wei, J.; Sieper, J. (2010-11-24). "The Assessment of

2431:

Turner, Matthew J.; Sowders, Dawn P.; DeLay, Monica L.; Mohapatra, Rajashree; Bai, Shuzhen; Smith, Judith A.; Brandewie, Jaclyn R.; Taurog, Joel D.; Colbert, Robert A. (2005-08-15). "HLA-B27 Misfolding in Transgenic Rats Is Associated with Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response".

365:

In patients who do not fit the criteria for any of the well-established spondyloarthropathies, the term "undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy" is used to characterize the signs of a spondyloarthropathy. A tiny percentage of these patients eventually experience a clearly characterized

3767:

Szabo, Shelagh M.; Levy, Adrian R.; Rao, Sumati R.; Kirbach, Stephanie E.; Lacaille, Diane; Cifaldi, Mary; Maksymowych, Walter P. (2011-10-28). "Increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis: A population-based study".

3547:

Braun, J; Brandt, J; Listing, J; Zink, A; Alten, R; Golder, W; Gromnica-lhle, E; Kellner, H; Krause, A; Schneider, M; Sörensen, H; Zeidler, H; Thriene, W; Sieper, J (2002). "Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab: a randomised controlled multicentre trial".

2338:

Mear, J. P.; Schreiber, K. L.; Münz, C.; Zhu, X.; Stevanović, S.; Rammensee, H. G.; Rowland-Jones, S. L.; Colbert, R. A. (1999-12-15). "Misfolding of HLA-B27 as a result of its B pocket suggests a novel mechanism for its role in susceptibility to spondyloarthropathies".

4006:

Hukuda, S.; Minami, M.; Saito, T.; Mitsui, H.; Matsui, N.; Komatsubara, Y.; Makino, H.; Shibata, T.; Shingu, M.; Sakou, T.; Shichikawa, K. (2001). "Spondyloarthropathies in Japan: nationwide questionnaire survey performed by the Japan Ankylosing Spondylitis Society".

3591:

van der Heijde, Désirée; Dijkmans, Ben; Geusens, Piet; Sieper, Joachim; DeWoody, Kimberly; Williamson, Paul; Braun, Jürgen (2005). "Efficacy and safety of infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (ASSERT)".

726:

and those unrelated to it earlier than is feasible with traditional radiography. It has also allowed for accurate anatomical description of spinal components. The only imaging modality that can precisely identify and evaluate spinal inflammation at this time is

148:

Spondyloarthritis is caused by a combination of genetic polymorphisms and environment, with the relative contributions of genes and environment varying across different types. It is associated with ileal inflammation, with an immunological connection between

2020:

Brown, Matthew A.; Kennedy, L. Gail; Macgregor, Alex J.; Darke, Chris; Duncan, Emma; Shatford, Jane L.; Taylor, Andrew; Calin, Andrei; Wordsworth, Paul (1997). "Susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in twins the role of genes, HLA, and the environment".

1510:

Mielants, H.; Veys, E. M.; Goemaere, S.; Goethals, K.; Cuvelier, C.; De Vos, M. (1991). "Gut inflammation in the spondyloarthropathies: clinical, radiologic, biologic and genetic features in relation to the type of histology. A prospective study".

2739:

Poddubnyy, D.; Rudwaleit, M.; Haibel, H.; Listing, J.; Marker-Hermann, E.; Zeidler, H.; Braun, J.; Sieper, J. (2011-05-27). "Rates and predictors of radiographic sacroiliitis progression over 2 years in patients with axial spondyloarthritis".

4499: 4484: 3723:

Boonen, Annelies; Brinkhuizen, Tjinta; Landewé, Robert; van der Heijde, Désirée; Severens, Johan L (2010-05-03). "Impact of ankylosing spondylitis on sick leave, presenteeism and unpaid productivity, and estimation of the societal cost".

1194:

experience up to 50% more sick leave episodes, an overall 8% loss of productivity, and a thrice higher rate of disability than the general population. Their overall frequency of disability and economic costs are comparable to those of

4042:

Muñoz-Fernández, S.; de Miguel, E.; Cobo-Ibáñez, T.; Carmona, L.; Steiner, M.; Descalzo, M. A.; Ferreira, A.; Balsa, A.; Martín-Mola, E.; ESPIDEP Study Group (2010). "Early spondyloarthritis: results from the pilot registry ESPIDEP".

2596:

Taylor, William; Gladman, Dafna; Helliwell, Philip; Marchesoni, Antonio; Mease, Philip; Mielants, Herman (2006-07-26). "Classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis: Development of new criteria from a large international study".

204:

killer immunoglobulin-like receptors. The second hypothesis suggests that the B pocket's Cys 67 residue causes HLA-B27 heavy-chain misfolding, modifying immune cells' cytokine output and reactivity to innate immunological stimuli.

216:

scanning advancements. Spondyloarthritis is categorized into two groups based on the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria: primarily axial involvement and predominantly peripheral manifestations.

658:. Shown are T1-weighted semi-coronal magnetic resonance images through the sacroiliac joints (a) before and (b) after intravenous contrast injection. Enhancement is seen at the right sacroiliac joint (arrow), indicating active 800:

Spondyloarthritis is classified into two categories based on the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria: primarily axial involvement and predominantly peripheral manifestations.

2294:

Chan, A. T.; Kollnberger, S. D.; Wedderburn, L. R.; Bowness, P. (2005-10-27). "Expansion and enhanced survival of natural killer cells expressing the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR3DL2 in spondylarthritis".

3388:

Landewé, R; Braun, J; Deodhar, A; Dougados, M; Maksymowych, W P; Mease, P J; Reveille, J D; Rudwaleit, M; van der Heijde, D; Stach, C; Hoepken, B; Fichtner, A; Coteur, G; de Longueville, M; Sieper, J (2013-09-06).

386:

Spondyloarthritis is caused by a complicated combination of genetic polymorphisms and environment. The relative contributions of genes and environment may differ across different types of spondyloarthritis.

1149:

were published. These studies demonstrated that TNF-blocker therapy improves clinical symptoms, CRP levels, and MRI-detectable inflammation in the spine or sacroiliac joints. These improvements were noted with

1043:

Improving the patient's state (pain, functional impairment, etc.) and preventing further clinical deterioration are the goals of spondyloarthritis treatment. The ASAS has issued guidelines regarding the use of

285:

usually starts slowly, has a dull feel to it, and spreads into the gluteal areas. Back pain has a nocturnal component, gets better with movement, and is worse in the morning. Axial arthritis may begin in the

1976:

MARTÍNEZ-GONZÁLEZ, O.; CANTERO-HINOJOSA, J.; PAULE-SASTRE, P.; GÓMEZ-MAGÁN, J. C.; SALVATIERRA-RÍOS, D. (1994). "Intestinal Permeability in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Their Healthy Relatives".

754:, and narrowing of the joint space. Aggressive psoriatic arthritis erosions can result in the articular surface of the proximal bone of the joint being destroyed and taking on the look of a "pencil in cup." 698:

can take months or years to emerge, normal radiographs or worrisome abnormalities only warrant additional diagnostic imaging in the context of suggestive clinical symptoms or findings. Furthermore, reading

362:. Arthritis may appear before clinical bowel disease. Usually, the lower extremities are asymmetrically affected by arthritis. The arthritis typically manifests abruptly and follows a migratory pattern. 4601: 4323:

MOLL, J M H; HASLOCK, IAN; MACRAE, I F; WRIGHT, V (1974). "ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS, PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS, REITERʼS DISEASE, THE INTESTINAL ARTHROPATHIES, AND BEHCETʼS SYNDROME".

4130:

Boyer, G. S.; Templin, D. W.; Cornoni-Huntley, J. C.; Everett, D. F.; Lawrence, R. C.; Heyse, S. F.; Miller, M. M.; Goring, W. P. (1994). "Prevalence of spondyloarthropathies in Alaskan Eskimos".

314:

patients, usually early in the course of the illness. Usually, the other peripheral joints start to suffer later. Most frequently, there is an asymmetrical involvement of the lower extremities.

3391:"Efficacy of certolizumab pegol on signs and symptoms of axial spondyloarthritis including ankylosing spondylitis: 24-week results of a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled Phase 3 study" 4715: 1308:

affects 100,000–200,000 Caucasians per 100,000 people, with a male–to–female ratio of 1:1. Those with Asian and African ancestry rarely experience it. Varying reports have varying risks for

703:

radiographs can be difficult and dependent on a number of variables, such as the image quality, the radiological technique, the reader's background, and variations in sacroiliac anatomy.

1634:(2009-03-17). "The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection". 173:

patients, 70% having reactive arthritis, 60% with psoriatic spondylitis, 25% with peripheral psoriatic arthritis, and 70% with spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease.

4172:

Stolwijk, Carmen; van Onna, Marloes; Boonen, Annelies; van Tubergen, Astrid (2016-07-27). "Global Prevalence of Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis".

964:

If the patient meets the previous requirements, they must exhibit at least one of Group A's spondyloarthritis features or two of Group B's spondyloarthritis features.

788:

and the prevalence of spondyloarthritis is weak. Therefore, the illness prevalence in a particular patient population must be taken into account when interpreting results from

1891:

Leirisalo-Repo, Marjatta; Turunen, Ulla; Stenman, Svante; Helenius, Petri; Seppälä, Kari (1994). "High Frequency of Silent Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spondylarthropathy".

1103:, and many patients will get adequate symptom relief on their own with just these medications. The best NSAID for treating patients with ankylosing spondylitis appears to be 857:— Several definitions have been put forth for inflammatory back pain. Inflammatory back pain is characterized by the presence of four or more of the following five factors: 4594: 757:

Laboratory abnormalities in spondyloarthritis are nonspecific and less effective for diagnosing a specific disease than clinical presentation. Normochromic normocytic

471:

and the concordance rate of up to 63% in identical twins (vs 23% in nonidentical twins), it is evident that genetic variables play a role in the susceptibility to

4587: 4803: 113:, is a collection of clinical syndromes that are connected by genetic predisposition and clinical manifestations. The best-known clinical subtypes are 347:. More than 70% of cases follow the oligoarticular pattern. Distal joints are frequently impacted by psoriatic arthritis, which is typically asymmetrical. 411:. It is known that, in comparison to healthy controls, people with ankylosing spondylitis and those related to them have higher intestinal permeability. 335:

is known to present in five distinct patterns: oligoarticular (affecting four or fewer joints); polyarticular (affecting five or more joints); prominent

809:

A patient must meet two requirements to be considered for a diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis: they must be under 45 years old and have experienced

2382:

Dangoria, Nandita S.; DeLay, Monica L.; Kingsbury, Daniel J.; Mear, John P.; Uchanska-Ziegler, Barbara; Ziegler, Andreas; Colbert, Robert A. (2002).

4902: 212:, though many patients may not have radiographic evidence of sacroiliitis for up to 10 years. Early diagnosis criteria consider HLA-B27 testing and 2538:"HLA–B27 misfolding and the unfolded protein response augment interleukin-23 production and are associated with Th17 activation in transgenic rats" 841:

on imaging — When sacroiliitis is diagnosed in patients with structural alterations on plain radiographs or subchondral bone marrow edema (BME) on

3911:

Gladman, Dafna D.; Chandran, Vinod (2011-04-15). "Review of Clinical Registries of Psoriatic Arthritis: Lessons Learned? Value for the Future?".

1138:

may be useful in treating peripheral spondyloarthritis. These drugs are typically ineffective in treating axial symptoms of spondyloarthritis.

3116:

Uhrin, Zuzana; Kuzis, Susana; Ward, Michael M. (2000-10-23). "Exercise and Changes in Health Status in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis".

2141: 1584: 1491: 1407: 1069: 1065: 228: 1304:

is, and it is more common in people with more severe disease; population studies in Caucasians suggest that the prevalence is about 0.1%.

1717:

SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general".

1068:(DMARDs). But in the event that peripheral arthritis is present, patients with spondyloarthritis should get treatment with conventional 1053: 1049: 919: 915: 615:

Spondyloarthritis is primarily diagnosed, or at least first suspected, based on clinical factors. According to the current criteria for

223:(NSAIDs) should be administered first for active axial signs of spondyloarthritis. If NSAIDs are contraindicated or cause side effects, 220: 5172: 1111:, although there is insufficient evidence to support this theory in rheumatologic practice. The majority of patients with established 208:

Spondyloarthritis is diagnosed based on clinical factors, including inflammatory back pain, limited spinal mobility, and radiological

4220:

Loftus, Edward V (2004). "Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences".

2384:"HLA-B27 Misfolding Is Associated with Aberrant Intermolecular Disulfide Bond Formation (Dimerization) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum" 2944:"First update of the international ASAS consensus statement for the use of anti-TNF agents in patients with ankylosing spondylitis" 1253:. The incidence of spondyloarthritis as a disease entity was only recorded in four investigations, and ranged from 0.48/100,000 in 1336:

Moll and associates first proposed the idea of a collection of similar conditions known as seronegative spondarthritides in 1974.

4731: 1808:

Sieper, Joachim; Rudwaleit, Martin; Khan, Muhammed Asim; Braun, Jürgen (2006). "Concepts and epidemiology of spondyloarthritis".

731:(MRI) of the sacroiliac joints and spine. It is also being developed as a gauge of disease activity and response to treatment. 2899:

chronic back pain: a real patient exercise by experts from the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS)".

2214: 1226: 766: 4827: 2536:

DeLay, Monica L.; Turner, Matthew J.; Klenk, Erin I.; Smith, Judith A.; Sowders, Dawn P.; Colbert, Robert A. (2009-08-27).

2475:

Smith, Judith A.; Turner, Matthew J.; DeLay, Monica L.; Klenk, Erin I.; Sowders, Dawn P.; Colbert, Robert A. (2008-04-18).

4798: 1349: 1233: 746:

patients have radiographic abnormalities of the peripheral joints, such as soft tissue swelling, erosions, periarticular

666:

Imaging is crucial to the spondyloarthritis diagnosis process. The most distinctive radiographic observation is the

4895: 336: 4443: 1474:

Sikora, Keith A.; Layh-Schmitt, Gerlinde; Colbert, Robert A. (2017). "Etiology and Pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis".

4764: 436: 1261:. Data on the prevalence of spondyloarthritis were reported from 16 investigations; the results ranged from 0.01% in 161:

is primarily caused by gastrointestinal pathogens, genitourinary and respiratory infections, and genetic variables.

1345: 1313: 1305: 1116: 983: 908: 842: 728: 715: 706:

A challenge associated with radiographic imaging is the typical ten-year lag between the beginning of inflammatory

647: 637: 510: 351: 213: 541:. Two other theories have been proposed to explain HLA-B27's function. They suggest that HLA-B27's genesis may be 529:

The arthritogenic-peptide theory is the classic pathophysiological paradigm for spondyloarthritis. It argues that

5136: 3331:

Stanislawska-Biernat, E; Wendling, D; Özgocmen, S; van Drogen, C; van Royen, BJ; van der Heijde, D (2011-05-02).

816:

The second step comprises two sections that are assessed independently according to the existence of either

596: 189: 4754: 4518: 4407:

Garg, Neha; van den Bosch, Filip; Deodhar, Atul (2014). "The concept of spondyloarthritis: Where are we now?".

448: 428: 403:

during ileocolonoscopy. There seems to be an immunological connection between the gut inflammation observed in

114: 4960: 1052:(NSAIDs) should be administered first to patients with active, primarily axial signs of spondyloarthritis. If 2785:"Radiographic assessment of sacroiliitis by radiologists and rheumatologists: does training improve quality?" 4888: 1061: 773: 432: 1056:

medication is contraindicated, does not work, or causes side effects, patients should then be treated with

247:, mainly affecting the lower limbs, are the most common symptoms. Another distinguishing characteristic is 5141: 4999: 4822: 4749: 2477:"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response are linked to synergistic IFN-β induction 1353: 1273: 1246: 1200: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1146: 1089: 781: 723: 683: 616: 490: 472: 408: 400: 311: 282: 196:

responses instead of presenting antigens. The first hypothesis suggests that HLA-B27 heavy chains without

154: 122: 5146: 4268:"Prevalence of Chronic Axial Pain, Inflammatory Back Pain, and Spondyloarthritis in Diagnosed Psoriasis" 1941:

Reveille, John D.; Arnett, Frank C. (2005). "Spondyloarthritis: update on pathogenesis and management".

1312:

and peripheral arthritis, which may be related to the observer's specialty. Up to 15–20% of people with

452: 3811:

Sairanen, Eero; Paronen, Ilmari; Mähönen, Heikki (1969-01-12). "Reiter's Syndrome: A Follow-Up Study".

3161:"No efficacy of subcutaneous methotrexate in active ankylosing spondylitis: a 16-week open-label trial" 31: 591:

heavy-chain misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum before assembling into complexes with peptide and

4810: 2124:

van der Linden, Sjef M.; Baeten, Dominique; Maksymowych, Walter P. (2013). "Ankylosing Spondylitis".

1196: 1112: 675: 561: 550: 456: 440: 197: 193: 35: 4370:

van Tubergen, Astrid (2015). "The changing clinical picture and epidemiology of spondyloarthritis".

5123: 4862: 4815: 4744: 4702: 3856:"Are there gender differences in severity of ankylosing spondylitis? Results from the PSOAS cohort" 1337: 1301: 1222: 1221:

is worse than previously thought, according to recent research. It has also been demonstrated that

1218: 743: 739: 655: 592: 502: 332: 118: 73: 92: 5167: 4777: 4739: 4266:

Thom, Nicole; Ritchlin, Christopher T.; Zhang, Xiao; Reveille, John; Weisman, Michael H. (2015).

1765:

Sieper, Joachim; Poddubnyy, Denis (2016). "New evidence on the management of spondyloarthritis".

1341: 1317: 1277: 1211: 1207: 1151: 929: 762: 735: 494: 476: 468: 444: 420: 359: 340: 317: 158: 126: 5131: 4857: 3159:

Haibel, H; Brandt, H C; Song, I H; Brandt, A; Listing, J; Rudwaleit, M; Sieper, J (2007-03-01).

1321: 404: 355: 150: 2162:

Brown, M. A.; Wordsworth, B. P.; Reveille, J. D. (2002). "Genetics of ankylosing spondylitis".

941:

The initial requirement is that the patient have at least one of the following three findings:

845:, at least one additional sign of spondyloarthritis from the list below should be present. 682:(at least grade 2 bilaterally or grade 3 unilaterally) on the radiographs in order to diagnose 72:

made with 99mTc demonstrating the highly enhanced tumor borders and the left elbow affected by

5047: 5021: 4710: 4493: 4424: 4395: 4387: 4348: 4340: 4305: 4287: 4245: 4237: 4197: 4189: 4147: 4139: 4112: 4060: 4052: 4024: 4016: 3985: 3967: 3928: 3893: 3875: 3836: 3828: 3793: 3785: 3749: 3741: 3705: 3697: 3661: 3653: 3617: 3609: 3573: 3565: 3529: 3511: 3472: 3464: 3428: 3410: 3370: 3352: 3312: 3294: 3255: 3237: 3198: 3180: 3141: 3133: 3098: 3080: 3038: 3020: 2981: 2963: 2924: 2916: 2869: 2861: 2822: 2804: 2765: 2757: 2721: 2686: 2668: 2622: 2614: 2575: 2557: 2518: 2500: 2457: 2449: 2413: 2405: 2364: 2356: 2320: 2312: 2276: 2268: 2226: 2218: 2179: 2171: 2137: 2103: 2085: 2046: 2038: 2002: 1994: 1958: 1916: 1908: 1867: 1825: 1790: 1782: 1742: 1734: 1659: 1651: 1580: 1528: 1520: 1487: 1449: 1403: 424: 299: 81: 69: 835:, at least two more spondyloarthritis symptoms from the list below must be present. 5016: 4926: 4687: 4679: 4416: 4379: 4332: 4295: 4279: 4229: 4181: 4102: 4094: 3975: 3959: 3920: 3883: 3867: 3854:

Lee, W.; Reveille, J. D; Davis, J. C; Learch, T. J; Ward, M. M; Weisman, M. H (2007-05-01).

3820: 3777: 3733: 3689: 3645: 3601: 3557: 3519: 3503: 3492:"Sustained durability and tolerability of etanercept in ankylosing spondylitis for 96 weeks" 3456: 3418: 3402: 3360: 3344: 3333:"2010 update of the ASAS/EULAR recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis" 3302: 3286: 3245: 3229: 3188: 3172: 3125: 3088: 3072: 3028: 3012: 2971: 2955: 2908: 2853: 2812: 2796: 2749: 2713: 2676: 2660: 2606: 2565: 2549: 2508: 2492: 2441: 2395: 2348: 2304: 2260: 2210: 2129: 2093: 2077: 2030: 1986: 1950: 1900: 1855: 1817: 1774: 1726: 1643: 1572: 1479: 1441: 1395: 1214:

is generally favourable. Within six months of onset, the majority of cases seem to resolve.

700: 687: 667: 651: 600: 542: 521: 287: 831:-positive patients — To diagnose axial spondyloarthritis in patients who test positive for 643: 5091: 5059: 4660: 295: 4782: 1280:

prevalence is unknown and likely varies with time based on endemic rates of the enteric (

3250: 3217: 1249:

and spondyloarthritis in particular varies across populations and is similar to that of

722:

has made it possible to distinguish between inflammatory spinal lesions associated with

5064: 5052: 4911: 4852: 4634: 4455: 4300: 4267: 4107: 4082: 3980: 3948:"Classification of juvenile spondyloarthritis: enthesitis-related arthritis and beyond" 3947: 3888: 3855: 3824: 3524: 3491: 3423: 3390: 3365: 3332: 3307: 3274: 3193: 3160: 3093: 3060: 3033: 3000: 2976: 2943: 2817: 2784: 2681: 2648: 2570: 2537: 2513: 2476: 2133: 2098: 2065: 1576: 1483: 1399: 742:, plain radiographs of the hands and feet are very beneficial. Seventy-five percent of 577: 303: 291: 61: 4558: 3561: 1445: 1210:

indicated a poor prognosis. But more recent research has shown that the prognosis for

266: 5161: 5113: 5096: 5042: 4979: 4639: 4629: 4336: 1289: 1142: 1131: 1084: 1083:

According to a recent Cochrane systematic review of published work, supervised group

1073: 1057: 1045: 694:, then no more diagnostic imaging is required. But because structural change seen on 260: 4081:

Stolwijk, Carmen; Boonen, Annelies; van Tubergen, Astrid; Reveille, John D. (2012).

3406: 1990: 769:

are nonspecific indicators of inflammation that are frequently present in patients.

5006: 4847: 4692: 4670: 3233: 3076: 2066:"Recurrence risk modelling of the genetic susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis" 1325: 1127: 1064:

who do not exhibit peripheral disease signs are not advised to receive traditional

998: 838: 817: 776:(HLA) is the most beneficial laboratory investigation. Since only 5% of those with 711: 691: 679: 659: 628: 627:. But many people with inflammatory back pain may have no radiographic evidence of 624: 546: 270: 224: 209: 86: 17: 4523: 4233: 3129: 2664: 2352: 1954: 5037: 4994: 4965: 4610: 2445: 2264: 1370: 1365: 1309: 1135: 1108: 1100: 751: 695: 690:

radiographs are still the initial imaging approach. If radiographs clearly show

506: 498: 344: 170: 4420: 1821: 5101: 4867: 4655: 4553: 4098: 3924: 2717: 1285: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1060:. Because there is insufficient evidence of treatment efficacy, patients with 1021: 1015: 957: 951: 896: 884: 747: 569: 371: 367: 326: 248: 138: 4391: 4383: 4344: 4291: 4241: 4193: 4143: 4056: 4020: 3971: 3963: 3932: 3879: 3832: 3789: 3745: 3701: 3680:

Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial".

3657: 3613: 3569: 3515: 3468: 3414: 3356: 3298: 3275:"Six months open label trial of leflunomide in active ankylosing spondylitis" 3241: 3184: 3137: 3084: 3024: 2967: 2920: 2865: 2808: 2761: 2672: 2618: 2561: 2504: 2453: 2409: 2360: 2316: 2272: 2222: 2175: 2089: 2042: 1998: 1912: 1786: 1738: 1655: 1524: 5086: 5078: 4944: 4624: 4529: 4512: 4508: 3871: 3737: 3507: 3348: 3290: 3176: 3016: 2959: 2912: 2753: 2199:"Modification of disease outcome in Salmonella-infected patients by HLA-B27" 2198: 1778: 1730: 1647: 1356:

comprise the group of disorders currently referred to as spondyloarthritis.

1297: 1293: 1167: 1028: 1009: 977: 945: 902: 877: 854: 810: 707: 671: 620: 565: 375: 322: 307: 278: 244: 240: 134: 130: 4428: 4399: 4309: 4249: 4201: 4116: 4064: 4028: 3989: 3897: 3797: 3753: 3709: 3665: 3621: 3577: 3533: 3476: 3432: 3374: 3316: 3259: 3202: 3145: 3102: 3042: 2985: 2928: 2873: 2826: 2769: 2725: 2690: 2626: 2579: 2522: 2461: 2417: 2400: 2383: 2368: 2324: 2280: 2230: 2183: 2107: 2034: 1962: 1904: 1871: 1829: 1794: 1746: 1663: 1453: 4352: 4151: 3840: 2496: 2081: 2050: 2006: 1920: 1532: 1296:) infections that cause it. In the general community, 1–3% of people have 5106: 5011: 4939: 4934: 3001:"ASAS/EULAR recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis" 2800: 1281: 1104: 719: 604: 587:

According to the second hypothesis, the B pocket's Cys 67 residue causes

252: 572:

that are produced at the cell surface and can be recognized directly by

231:(DMARDs) are not advised for patients without peripheral disease signs. 2704:

Poddubnyy, Denis; Rudwaleit, Martin (2012). "Early Spondyloarthritis".

1250: 992: 971: 890: 832: 828: 821: 789: 785: 777: 633: 588: 581: 573: 557: 530: 482: 399:

inflammation is seen in about 50% of people with spondyloarthritis and

366:

spondyloarthropathy, but most experience more general symptoms such as

201: 177: 162: 4283: 4185: 3781: 3693: 3649: 3605: 3460: 2857: 2610: 2553: 2308: 553:

responses instead of its traditional function of presenting antigens.

4579: 4503: 4488: 1266: 1182:

are profoundly affected. According to recent statistics, people with

1123: 1096: 758: 538: 256: 185: 142: 4476: 2215:

10.1002/1529-0131(200007)43:7<1527::AID-ANR17>3.0.CO;2-G

1122:

When peripheral arthritis coexists with axial illness, conventional

1316:

have spondylitis. Peripheral arthritis is generally less common in

4567: 4534: 3636:

multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial".

3059:

Dagfinrud, Hanne; Hagen, Kåre Birger; Kvien, Tore K (2008-01-23).

1262: 1258: 1254: 1077: 642: 533:

displays self-peptides that resemble pathogen-derived peptides to

486: 396: 265: 180:

displays self-peptides that resemble pathogen-derived peptides to

166: 4880: 1432:

Dougados, Maxime; Baeten, Dominique (2011). "Spondyloarthritis".

4721: 4884: 4583: 1324:

patients (up to 20%), while it is more common in cases where a

1272:

Those with European heritage have a 0.2% to 0.7% prevalence of

1225:

patients have a higher mortality rate, which is linked to high

1048:

specifically as well as the general care of spondyloarthritis.

607:

output and reactivity to various innate immunological stimuli.

4772: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1203:

puts ankylosing spondylitis patients at risk for early death.

534: 181: 129:(ReA). Spondyloarthritis typically presents with inflammatory 1562: 619:, the patient must exhibit clinical symptoms of inflammatory 1849: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1229:, high usage of medications, and early radiographic damage. 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2440:(4). The American Association of Immunologists: 2438–2448. 2259:(3). The American Association of Immunologists: 1699–1710. 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 188:. Two other theories suggest that HLA-B27's genesis may be 30:"SpA" redirects here. For the Italian type of company, see 2844:

sacroiliac joint inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis".

1427: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1419: 294:

over time. Spinal abnormalities such as flattening of the

4331:(5). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 343–364. 1141:

After 2000, a number of studies examining the effects of

358:

are more likely to have this association than those with

3061:"Physiotherapy interventions for ankylosing spondylitis" 4261: 4259: 3958:(8). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 477–485. 3919:(4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 346–352. 2659:(1). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 29–34. 623:

and limited spinal mobility together with radiological

374:, unilateral or alternating buttock pain, inflammatory 1390:

Inman, Robert D. (2012). "The Spondyloarthropathies".

3216:

Chen, Junmin; Lin, Shaopeng; Liu, Chao (2014-11-27).

3124:(19). American Medical Association (AMA): 2969–2975. 1854:

Kataria, Rajesh K.; Brent, Lawrence H. (2004-06-15).

1190:

were less likely to have had children. Patients with

200:

can form disulphide-linked homodimers, recognized by

4466: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 772:

When patients are carefully chosen, testing for the

451:. Genitourinary and respiratory infections, such as 5122: 5077: 5030: 4987: 4978: 4953: 4925: 4918: 4840: 4791: 4763: 4730: 4701: 4678: 4669: 4648: 4617: 4544: 4470: 4215: 4213: 4211: 239:In all subtypes of spondyloarthritis, inflammatory 80: 51: 46: 4409:Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology 1810:Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1199:. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 354:(IBD) develop spondyloarthropathy. Patients with 3054: 3052: 306:lead to limited spinal motion. Hip and shoulder 4076: 4074: 1567:Reveille, John D. (2019). "Spondyloarthritis". 1476:Kelley and Firestein's Textbook of Rheumatology 1237:of children with juvenile spondyloarthritisis. 1099:continue to be the first line of treatment for 459:, have also been linked to reactive arthritis. 251:, which is inflammation at the locations where 176:The arthritogenic-peptide theory suggests that 1760: 1758: 1756: 580:-like receptors, regardless of the associated 4896: 4595: 2197:P, Ekman; J, Kirveskari; K, Granfors (2000). 1985:(7). Oxford University Press (OUP): 644–647. 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1232:While not well researched, the prognosis for 686:. When axial spondyloarthritis is suspected, 493:patients of European ancestry, 70% with 378:, and occasionally extra-articular symptoms. 8: 4804:Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis 2647:Harper, Brock E.; Reveille, John D. (2009). 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1088:group setting or alone, helps patients with 636:testing, as well as current advancements in 169:molecule, is found in up to 95% of European 141:, inflammation at bone-adhering ligaments, 137:, primarily affecting the lower limbs, and 4984: 4922: 4903: 4889: 4881: 4675: 4602: 4588: 4580: 4467: 4087:Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 3218:"Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis" 2706:Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 525:Inflammatory pathways in spondyloarthritis 419:The majority of organisms responsible for 91: 60: 43: 4444:"Spondyloarthritis (Spondyloarthropathy)" 4299: 4106: 3979: 3887: 3523: 3422: 3364: 3306: 3249: 3192: 3092: 3032: 2975: 2816: 2680: 2569: 2512: 2399: 2097: 4001: 3999: 520: 423:are gastrointestinal pathogens, such as 3222:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3065:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2838: 2836: 2591: 2589: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2119: 2117: 1382: 813:of any kind for at least three months. 780:in the general population will develop 4045:Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2164:Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 1505: 1503: 27:Joint diseases of the vertebral column 1066:disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs 1050:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 479:in other forms of spondyloarthritis. 229:disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs 221:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 7: 1076:medication and after the failure of 1058:tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers 1034:Family history of spondyloarthritis. 1005:Group B spondyloarthritis features: 967:Group A spondyloarthritis features: 925:Family history of spondyloarthritis. 916:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 710:and the development of radiographic 4083:"Epidemiology of Spondyloarthritis" 2128:. Elsevier. pp. 1202–1220.e5. 1478:. Elsevier. pp. 1245–1255.e4. 556:According to the first hypothesis, 549:, as it plays a part in initiating 3825:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1969.tb07298.x 2134:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1738-9.00075-x 1577:10.1016/b978-0-7020-6896-6.00057-0 1484:10.1016/b978-0-323-31696-5.00074-7 1400:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1604-7.00273-6 678:. There must be clear evidence of 337:distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint 25: 3946:Colbert, Robert A. (2010-07-06). 2209:(7). Arthritis Rheum: 1527–1534. 2126:Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology 822:human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27 4337:10.1097/00005792-197409000-00002 3860:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 3726:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 3556:(9313). Elsevier BV: 1187–1193. 3496:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 3395:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 3337:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 3279:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 3165:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 3005:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2948:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2901:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2789:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2742:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2394:(26). Elsevier BV: 23459–23468. 2070:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1943:The American Journal of Medicine 1719:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1636:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1394:. Elsevier. pp. 1690–1697. 1206:Early research on the course of 3407:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204231 2653:Current Sports Medicine Reports 2388:Journal of Biological Chemistry 734:When evaluating a patient with 489:molecule found in up to 95% of 475:. There is limited research on 4456:"The Spondyloarthritis Family" 3234:10.1002/14651858.cd004800.pub3 3077:10.1002/14651858.cd002822.pub3 2783:van Tubergen, A (2003-06-01). 2485:European Journal of Immunology 1571:. Elsevier. pp. 769–787. 1300:. It is less known how common 1227:erythrocyte sedimentation rate 767:erythrocyte sedimentation rate 1: 4799:Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 4272:Arthritis Care & Research 4228:(6). Elsevier BV: 1504–1517. 4174:Arthritis Care & Research 3562:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08215-6 3118:Archives of Internal Medicine 2846:Arthritis Care & Research 1991:10.1093/rheumatology/33.7.644 1446:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60071-8 1350:juvenile idiopathic arthritis 1320:patients (up to 10%) than in 485:is a polymorphic form of the 5124:Intervertebral disc disorder 4234:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.01.063 3913:Current Rheumatology Reports 3130:10.1001/archinte.160.19.2969 2665:10.1249/jsr.0b013e3181967ac6 2353:10.4049/jimmunol.163.12.6665 1955:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.01.001 1344:, arthritis associated with 1234:juvenile spondyloarthritisis 937:Peripheral spondyloarthritis 849:Spondyloarthritis features: 302:, and hyperextension of the 227:should be used. Traditional 165:, a polymorphic form of the 4828:Adult-onset Still's disease 4765:Connective tissue disorders 4372:Nature Reviews Rheumatology 4132:The Journal of Rheumatology 4009:The Journal of Rheumatology 3952:Nature Reviews Rheumatology 2446:10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2438 2265:10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.1699 2251:Paired Ig-Like Receptors". 1767:Nature Reviews Rheumatology 1513:The Journal of Rheumatology 467:Given the well-established 437:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 290:and work its way up to the 5189: 4421:10.1016/j.berh.2014.10.007 3770:Arthritis & Rheumatism 3682:Arthritis & Rheumatism 3638:Arthritis & Rheumatism 3594:Arthritis & Rheumatism 3449:Arthritis & Rheumatism 2999:Zochling, J (2006-04-01). 2599:Arthritis & Rheumatism 2542:Arthritis & Rheumatism 2297:Arthritis & Rheumatism 2023:Arthritis & Rheumatism 1893:Arthritis & Rheumatism 1822:10.1016/j.berh.2006.02.001 1346:inflammatory bowel disease 1314:inflammatory bowel disease 1306:Inflammatory bowel disease 984:Inflammatory bowel disease 909:Inflammatory bowel disease 860:Onset at <40 years old. 784:, the correlation between 729:magnetic resonance imaging 511:inflammatory bowel disease 352:inflammatory bowel disease 29: 5173:Musculoskeletal disorders 5137:Degenerative disc disease 4099:10.1016/j.rdc.2012.09.003 3925:10.1007/s11926-011-0182-x 3490:Davis, J C (2005-08-26). 2718:10.1016/j.rdc.2012.04.007 2434:The Journal of Immunology 2253:The Journal of Immunology 2064:Brown, M A (2000-11-01). 1860:American Family Physician 1292:) and sexually acquired ( 1178:The lives of people with 718:imaging of the spine and 597:unfolded protein response 350:Up to 20% of people with 68: 59: 4755:Enteropathic arthropathy 4384:10.1038/nrrheum.2014.181 3964:10.1038/nrrheum.2010.103 3813:Acta Medica Scandinavica 3776:(11). Wiley: 3294–3304. 3688:(11). Wiley: 3402–3412. 3455:(11). Wiley: 3230–3236. 3273:Haibel, H (2005-01-01). 2481:X-box binding protein 1" 2303:(11). Wiley: 3586–3595. 2203:Arthritis and Rheumatism 2029:(10). Wiley: 1823–1828. 1392:Goldman's Cecil Medicine 1328:served as the assessor. 395:Microscopically visible 4180:(9). Wiley: 1320–1331. 3872:10.1136/ard.2006.060293 3738:10.1136/ard.2009.116764 3644:(7). Wiley: 2136–2146. 3508:10.1136/ard.2004.035105 3349:10.1136/ard.2011.151027 3291:10.1136/ard.2003.019174 3228:(11). Wiley: CD004800. 3177:10.1136/ard.2006.054098 3017:10.1136/ard.2005.041137 2960:10.1136/ard.2005.040758 2942:Braun, J (2006-03-01). 2913:10.1136/ard.2008.101501 2754:10.1136/ard.2010.145995 2605:(8). Wiley: 2665–2673. 2548:(9). Wiley: 2633–2643. 2491:(5). Wiley: 1194–1203. 1856:"Spondyloarthropathies" 1779:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.42 1731:10.1136/ard.2010.133645 1648:10.1136/ard.2009.108233 1062:axial spondyloarthritis 866:Improved with exercise. 805:Axial spondyloarthritis 774:human leukocyte antigen 560:heavy chains devoid of 433:Yersinia enterocolitica 5142:Spinal disc herniation 5000:Ankylosing spondylitis 4823:Palindromic rheumatism 4750:Ankylosing spondylitis 4693:Tuberculosis arthritis 3502:(11). BMJ: 1557–1562. 3071:(2). Wiley: CD002822. 2401:10.1074/jbc.m110336200 2170:(6 Suppl 28): S43–49. 2035:10.1002/art.1780401015 1905:10.1002/art.1780370105 1354:ankylosing spondylitis 1274:ankylosing spondylitis 1247:ankylosing spondylitis 1201:cardiovascular illness 1192:ankylosing spondylitis 1188:ankylosing spondylitis 1184:ankylosing spondylitis 1180:ankylosing spondylitis 1147:ankylosing spondylitis 1115:should take selective 1090:ankylosing spondylitis 782:ankylosing spondylitis 724:ankylosing spondylitis 684:ankylosing spondylitis 668:sacroiliac (SI) joints 663: 617:ankylosing spondylitis 526: 501:, 25% with peripheral 491:ankylosing spondylitis 473:ankylosing spondylitis 409:ankylosing spondylitis 401:ankylosing spondylitis 312:ankylosing spondylitis 298:, exaggeration of the 283:ankylosing spondylitis 274: 155:ankylosing spondylitis 123:ankylosing spondylitis 115:enteropathic arthritis 34:. For other uses, see 5147:Facet joint arthrosis 4961:Scheuermann's disease 4278:(6). Wiley: 829–835. 3732:(6). BMJ: 1123–1128. 3600:(2). Wiley: 582–591. 2852:(5). Wiley: 703–709. 2748:(8). BMJ: 1369–1374. 2497:10.1002/eji.200737882 2341:Journal of Immunology 2082:10.1136/ard.59.11.883 869:Not improved by rest. 646: 524: 497:, 60% with psoriatic 453:Chlamydia trachomatis 429:Clostridium difficile 310:can occur in certain 269: 145:, or joint capsules. 4811:Rheumatoid arthritis 4460:Arthritis Foundation 2801:10.1136/ard.62.6.519 2076:(11). BMJ: 883–886. 1197:rheumatoid arthritis 1113:peptic ulcer disease 989:Preceding infection. 477:familial aggregation 469:familial aggregation 441:Campylobacter jejuni 329:are also prevalent. 243:and/or asymmetrical 36:SPA (disambiguation) 4745:Psoriatic arthritis 3866:(5). BMJ: 633–638. 3343:(6). BMJ: 896–904. 3285:(1). BMJ: 124–126. 3171:(3). BMJ: 419–421. 3011:(4). BMJ: 442–452. 2954:(3). BMJ: 316–320. 2907:(6). BMJ: 784–788. 2795:(6). BMJ: 519–525. 2649:"Spondyloarthritis" 1899:(1). Wiley: 23–31. 1642:(6). BMJ: 777–783. 1569:Clinical Immunology 1440:(9783): 2127–2137. 1338:Psoriatic arthritis 1302:psoriatic arthritis 1257:to 62.5/100,000 in 1223:psoriatic arthritis 1219:psoriatic arthritis 744:psoriatic arthritis 740:psoriatic arthritis 656:psoriatic arthritis 599:(UPR) modifies the 595:. As a result, the 503:psoriatic arthritis 457:Chlamydia pneumonia 333:Psoriatic arthritis 119:psoriatic arthritis 111:spondyloarthropathy 74:psoriatic arthritis 55:Spondyloarthropathy 18:Spondyloarthropathy 4778:systemic sclerosis 4740:Reactive arthritis 4611:Diseases of joints 4545:External resources 1342:reactive arthritis 1318:ulcerative colitis 1278:Reactive arthritis 1245:The prevalence of 1217:The prognosis for 1212:reactive arthritis 1208:reactive arthritis 1152:certolizumab pegol 930:C-reactive protein 763:C reactive protein 736:reactive arthritis 664: 648:Magnetic resonance 527: 495:reactive arthritis 445:Campylobacter coli 421:reactive arthritis 360:ulcerative colitis 341:arthritis mutilans 318:Reactive arthritis 275: 235:Signs and symptoms 159:Reactive arthritis 127:reactive arthritis 32:Società per azioni 5155: 5154: 5073: 5072: 5048:Spondylolisthesis 4974: 4973: 4878: 4877: 4836: 4835: 4711:Chondrocalcinosis 4577: 4576: 4559:Spondyloarthritis 4284:10.1002/acr.22528 4186:10.1002/acr.22831 4138:(12): 2292–2297. 3782:10.1002/art.30581 3694:10.1002/art.23969 3650:10.1002/art.21913 3606:10.1002/art.20852 3461:10.1002/art.11325 3401:(1). BMJ: 39–47. 2858:10.1002/art.21445 2611:10.1002/art.21972 2554:10.1002/art.24763 2347:(12): 6665–6670. 2309:10.1002/art.21395 2143:978-1-4377-1738-9 1866:(12): 2853–2860. 1725:(1). BMJ: 25–31. 1586:978-0-7020-6896-6 1519:(10): 1542–1551. 1493:978-0-323-31696-5 1409:978-1-4377-1604-7 1145:on patients with 1117:COX-2 antagonists 914:Good response to 652:sacroiliac joints 425:Shigella flexneri 300:thoracic kyphosis 288:sacroiliac joints 133:and asymmetrical 109:), also known as 103:Spondyloarthritis 100: 99: 70:Bone scintigraphy 47:Spondyloarthritis 41:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 5180: 5031:non inflammatory 5017:Spondylodiscitis 4985: 4927:Spinal curvature 4923: 4905: 4898: 4891: 4882: 4863:Bouchard's nodes 4816:Felty's syndrome 4688:Septic arthritis 4676: 4604: 4597: 4590: 4581: 4468: 4463: 4451: 4448:Cleveland Clinic 4432: 4403: 4357: 4356: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4303: 4263: 4254: 4253: 4222:Gastroenterology 4217: 4206: 4205: 4169: 4156: 4155: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4110: 4078: 4069: 4068: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4003: 3994: 3993: 3983: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3891: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3527: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3426: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3368: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3310: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3253: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3196: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3096: 3056: 3047: 3046: 3036: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2979: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2895: 2878: 2877: 2840: 2831: 2830: 2820: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2684: 2644: 2631: 2630: 2593: 2584: 2583: 2573: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2516: 2472: 2466: 2465: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2403: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2237: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2159: 2148: 2147: 2121: 2112: 2111: 2101: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2017: 2011: 2010: 1973: 1967: 1966: 1938: 1925: 1924: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1878: 1851: 1834: 1833: 1805: 1799: 1798: 1762: 1751: 1750: 1713: 1668: 1667: 1630: 1591: 1590: 1564: 1537: 1536: 1507: 1498: 1497: 1471: 1458: 1457: 1429: 1414: 1413: 1387: 863:Insidious onset. 701:sacroiliac joint 688:sacroiliac joint 593:β2 microglobulin 562:β2 microglobulin 543:autoinflammatory 509:associated with 343:; and psoriatic 281:associated with 263:adhere to bone. 198:β2 microglobulin 190:autoinflammatory 96: 95: 64: 44: 21: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5177: 5158: 5157: 5156: 5151: 5132:Schmorl's nodes 5118: 5092:Upper back pain 5069: 5060:Spinal stenosis 5026: 4970: 4949: 4914: 4909: 4879: 4874: 4858:Heberden's node 4841:Noninflammatory 4832: 4787: 4759: 4726: 4697: 4665: 4661:Joint stiffness 4644: 4613: 4608: 4578: 4573: 4572: 4540: 4539: 4479: 4454: 4442: 4439: 4406: 4369: 4366: 4364:Further reading 4361: 4360: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4265: 4264: 4257: 4219: 4218: 4209: 4171: 4170: 4159: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4080: 4079: 4072: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4005: 4004: 3997: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3634: 3633: 3629: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3058: 3057: 3050: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2897: 2896: 2881: 2842: 2841: 2834: 2782: 2781: 2777: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2646: 2645: 2634: 2595: 2594: 2587: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2474: 2473: 2469: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2235: 2233: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2161: 2160: 2151: 2144: 2123: 2122: 2115: 2063: 2062: 2058: 2019: 2018: 2014: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1940: 1939: 1928: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1876: 1874: 1853: 1852: 1837: 1807: 1806: 1802: 1764: 1763: 1754: 1715: 1714: 1671: 1632: 1631: 1594: 1587: 1566: 1565: 1540: 1509: 1508: 1501: 1494: 1473: 1472: 1461: 1431: 1430: 1417: 1410: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1362: 1348:, a subtype of 1334: 1322:Crohn's disease 1243: 1176: 1041: 939: 807: 798: 613: 519: 505:, and 70% with 465: 417: 405:Crohn's disease 393: 384: 356:Crohn's disease 296:lumbar lordosis 237: 151:Crohn's disease 90: 42: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5186: 5184: 5176: 5175: 5170: 5160: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5128: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5094: 5089: 5083: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5065:Facet syndrome 5062: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5053:Retrolisthesis 5045: 5040: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5022:Pott's disease 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 5003: 5002: 4991: 4989: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4963: 4957: 4955: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4931: 4929: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4912:Spinal disease 4910: 4908: 4907: 4900: 4893: 4885: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4853:Osteoarthritis 4850: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4808: 4807: 4806: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4769: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4736: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4684: 4682: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4652: 4650: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4637: 4635:Oligoarthritis 4632: 4627: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4614: 4609: 4607: 4606: 4599: 4592: 4584: 4575: 4574: 4571: 4570: 4561: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4526: 4515: 4496: 4480: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4471:Classification 4465: 4464: 4452: 4438: 4437:External links 4435: 4434: 4433: 4415:(5): 663–672. 4404: 4378:(2): 110–118. 4365: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4315: 4255: 4207: 4157: 4122: 4093:(3): 441–476. 4070: 4051:(4): 498–503. 4034: 4015:(3): 554–559. 3995: 3938: 3903: 3846: 3819:(1–6): 57–63. 3803: 3759: 3715: 3671: 3627: 3583: 3539: 3482: 3438: 3380: 3322: 3265: 3208: 3151: 3108: 3048: 2991: 2934: 2879: 2832: 2775: 2731: 2712:(2): 387–403. 2696: 2632: 2585: 2528: 2467: 2423: 2374: 2330: 2286: 2242: 2189: 2149: 2142: 2113: 2056: 2012: 1968: 1949:(6): 592–603. 1926: 1883: 1835: 1816:(3): 401–417. 1800: 1773:(5): 282–295. 1752: 1669: 1592: 1585: 1538: 1499: 1492: 1459: 1415: 1408: 1381: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1361: 1358: 1333: 1330: 1326:rheumatologist 1242: 1239: 1175: 1172: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1025: 1019: 1013: 1003: 1002: 996: 990: 987: 981: 975: 962: 961: 955: 949: 938: 935: 934: 933: 926: 923: 912: 906: 900: 894: 888: 881: 875: 874: 873: 872:Pain at night. 870: 867: 864: 861: 847: 846: 836: 820:on imaging or 806: 803: 797: 796:Classification 794: 612: 609: 578:immunoglobulin 518: 515: 464: 461: 449:Salmonella spp 416: 413: 392: 389: 383: 380: 304:cervical spine 292:cervical spine 261:joint capsules 236: 233: 98: 97: 84: 78: 77: 66: 65: 57: 56: 53: 49: 48: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5185: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5115: 5114:Radiculopathy 5112: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5097:Low back pain 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5076: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5043:Spondylolysis 5041: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5029: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4980:Spondylopathy 4977: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4924: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4906: 4901: 4899: 4894: 4892: 4887: 4886: 4883: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4855: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4812: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4790: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4640:Polyarthritis 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4630:Monoarthritis 4628: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4605: 4600: 4598: 4593: 4591: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4569: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4555: 4551: 4550: 4547: 4543: 4536: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4495: 4491: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4481: 4478: 4473: 4469: 4462:. 2022-04-11. 4461: 4457: 4453: 4450:. 2024-05-14. 4449: 4445: 4441: 4440: 4436: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4319: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4158: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4126: 4123: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4038: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3942: 3939: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3907: 3904: 3899: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3850: 3847: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3807: 3804: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3763: 3760: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3719: 3716: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3675: 3672: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3631: 3628: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3587: 3584: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3543: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3483: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3442: 3439: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3326: 3323: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3269: 3266: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3212: 3209: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3155: 3152: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3112: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2995: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2938: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2779: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2735: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2700: 2697: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2532: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2480: 2471: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2427: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2378: 2375: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2334: 2331: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2290: 2287: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2246: 2243: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2193: 2190: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2060: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2016: 2013: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1972: 1969: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1887: 1884: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1804: 1801: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1386: 1383: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1290:Campylobacter 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1132:sulfasalazine 1129: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1086: 1085:physiotherapy 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1038: 1033: 1030: 1027:Inflammatory 1026: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 988: 985: 982: 979: 976: 973: 970: 969: 968: 965: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 943: 942: 936: 931: 927: 924: 921: 917: 913: 910: 907: 904: 901: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 882: 879: 876: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 858: 856: 853:Inflammatory 852: 851: 850: 844: 840: 837: 834: 830: 827: 826: 825: 823: 819: 814: 812: 804: 802: 795: 793: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 770: 768: 764: 760: 755: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 732: 730: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 704: 702: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 639: 635: 630: 626: 622: 618: 610: 608: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 554: 552: 551:innate immune 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 523: 516: 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 478: 474: 470: 462: 460: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 414: 412: 410: 406: 402: 398: 390: 388: 381: 379: 377: 373: 369: 363: 361: 357: 353: 348: 346: 342: 339:involvement; 338: 334: 330: 328: 324: 321:Inflammatory 319: 315: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 284: 280: 277:Inflammatory 272: 268: 264: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 234: 232: 230: 226: 222: 218: 215: 211: 206: 203: 199: 195: 194:innate immune 192:, initiating 191: 187: 183: 179: 174: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 146: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 94: 88: 85: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 58: 54: 50: 45: 37: 33: 19: 5007:Sacroiliitis 4988:inflammatory 4848:Hemarthrosis 4732:Seronegative 4718:(Pseudogout) 4671:Inflammatory 4563: 4552: 4528: 4517: 4498: 4483: 4459: 4447: 4412: 4408: 4375: 4371: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4275: 4271: 4225: 4221: 4177: 4173: 4135: 4131: 4125: 4090: 4086: 4048: 4044: 4037: 4012: 4008: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3863: 3859: 3849: 3816: 3812: 3806: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3729: 3725: 3718: 3685: 3681: 3674: 3641: 3637: 3630: 3597: 3593: 3586: 3553: 3549: 3542: 3499: 3495: 3485: 3452: 3448: 3441: 3398: 3394: 3383: 3340: 3336: 3325: 3282: 3278: 3268: 3225: 3221: 3211: 3168: 3164: 3154: 3121: 3117: 3111: 3068: 3064: 3008: 3004: 2994: 2951: 2947: 2937: 2904: 2900: 2849: 2845: 2792: 2788: 2778: 2745: 2741: 2734: 2709: 2705: 2699: 2656: 2652: 2602: 2598: 2545: 2541: 2531: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2470: 2437: 2433: 2426: 2391: 2387: 2377: 2344: 2340: 2333: 2300: 2296: 2289: 2256: 2252: 2245: 2234:. Retrieved 2206: 2202: 2192: 2167: 2163: 2125: 2073: 2069: 2059: 2026: 2022: 2015: 1982: 1979:Rheumatology 1978: 1971: 1946: 1942: 1896: 1892: 1886: 1875:. Retrieved 1863: 1859: 1813: 1809: 1803: 1770: 1766: 1722: 1718: 1639: 1635: 1568: 1516: 1512: 1475: 1437: 1433: 1391: 1385: 1335: 1271: 1244: 1241:Epidemiology 1231: 1216: 1205: 1177: 1143:TNF blockers 1140: 1128:methotrexate 1121: 1109:indomethacin 1095: 1082: 1046:TNF blockers 1042: 1031:in the past. 1004: 999:Sacroiliitis 966: 963: 940: 848: 839:Sacroiliitis 818:sacroiliitis 815: 808: 799: 771: 761:, increased 756: 733: 712:sacroiliitis 705: 692:sacroiliitis 680:sacroiliitis 665: 660:sacroiliitis 629:sacroiliitis 625:sacroiliitis 614: 601:immune cells 586: 555: 545:rather than 537:-restricted 528: 481: 466: 418: 394: 391:Risk factors 385: 364: 349: 331: 316: 276: 271:Sacroiliitis 238: 225:TNF blockers 219: 210:sacroiliitis 207: 184:-restricted 175: 147: 110: 106: 102: 101: 87:Rheumatology 5038:Spondylosis 4995:Spondylitis 4966:Torticollis 1371:Spondylosis 1366:Spondylitis 1310:spondylitis 1265:to 2.5% in 1136:leflunomide 1101:spondylitis 1074:TNF-blocker 1001:on imaging. 752:periostitis 696:radiographs 670:' erosion, 507:spondylitis 499:spondylitis 345:spondylitis 171:spondylitis 52:Other names 5162:Categories 5102:Coccydynia 4868:Osteophyte 4680:Infectious 4656:Joint pain 4554:Patient UK 3550:The Lancet 2236:2024-07-25 1877:2024-07-24 1434:The Lancet 1377:References 1286:Salmonella 1164:adalimumab 1160:infliximab 1156:etanercept 1022:Dactylitis 1016:Enthesitis 958:Dactylitis 952:Enthesitis 897:Dactylitis 885:enthesitis 748:osteopenia 650:images of 640:scanning. 570:homodimers 566:disulphide 547:autoimmune 372:enthesitis 368:dactylitis 327:dactylitis 249:enthesitis 139:enthesitis 125:(AS), and 5168:Arthritis 5087:Neck pain 5079:Back pain 4945:Scoliosis 4919:Deforming 4783:Sjögren's 4625:Arthritis 4535:784332006 4530:SNOMED CT 4392:1759-4790 4345:0025-7974 4292:2151-464X 4242:0016-5085 4194:2151-464X 4144:0315-162X 4057:0392-856X 4021:0315-162X 3972:1759-4790 3933:1523-3774 3880:0003-4967 3833:0001-6101 3790:0004-3591 3746:0003-4967 3702:0004-3591 3658:0004-3591 3614:0004-3591 3570:0140-6736 3516:0003-4967 3469:0004-3591 3415:0003-4967 3357:0003-4967 3299:0003-4967 3242:1465-1858 3185:0003-4967 3138:0003-9926 3085:1465-1858 3025:0003-4967 2968:0003-4967 2921:0003-4967 2866:0893-7524 2809:0003-4967 2762:0003-4967 2673:1537-890X 2619:0004-3591 2562:0004-3591 2505:0014-2980 2454:0022-1767 2410:0021-9258 2361:0022-1767 2317:0004-3591 2273:0022-1767 2223:0004-3591 2176:0392-856X 2090:0003-4967 2043:0004-3591 1999:1462-0324 1913:0004-3591 1787:1759-4790 1739:0003-4967 1656:0003-4967 1525:0315-162X 1298:psoriasis 1294:Chlamydia 1168:golimumab 1080:therapy. 1039:Treatment 1029:back pain 1010:Arthritis 978:Psoriasis 946:Arthritis 928:Elevated 903:Psoriasis 878:Arthritis 855:back pain 811:back pain 792:testing. 708:back pain 676:sclerosis 672:ankylosis 621:back pain 611:Diagnosis 564:can form 517:Mechanism 376:back pain 323:back pain 308:arthritis 279:back pain 253:ligaments 245:arthritis 241:back pain 135:arthritis 131:back pain 82:Specialty 5107:Sciatica 5012:Discitis 4940:Lordosis 4935:Kyphosis 4649:Symptoms 4429:25488776 4400:25385414 4325:Medicine 4310:25469666 4250:15168363 4202:26713432 4117:23083748 4065:20659413 4029:11296958 3990:20606622 3898:17127685 3798:21834064 3754:20439293 3710:18975305 3666:16802350 3622:15692973 3578:11955536 3534:15843448 3477:14613288 3447:trial". 3433:24013647 3375:21540199 3317:15608310 3260:25427435 3251:11182569 3203:16901959 3146:11041905 3103:18254008 3043:16126791 2986:16096329 2929:19147614 2874:16208659 2827:12759287 2770:21622969 2726:22819091 2691:19142077 2627:16871531 2580:19714651 2523:18412159 2462:16081815 2418:11978783 2369:10586062 2325:16255049 2281:15265899 2231:10902756 2184:12463446 2108:11053066 1963:15922688 1872:15222650 1830:16777573 1795:27052489 1747:21109520 1664:19297344 1454:21684383 1360:See also 1282:Shigella 1105:tolmetin 720:entheses 605:cytokine 568:-linked 463:Genetics 415:Triggers 273:symptoms 4703:Crystal 4618:General 4564:Scholia 4524:D025241 4353:4604133 4301:4488898 4152:7699631 4108:4470267 3981:2994189 3889:1954622 3841:5805970 3525:1755272 3424:3888598 3366:3086052 3308:1755172 3194:1856012 3094:8453259 3034:1798102 2977:1798064 2818:1754576 2682:2898732 2571:2893331 2514:2838478 2099:1753017 2051:9336417 2007:8019793 1921:8129761 1533:1765980 1332:History 1251:HLA-B27 1174:Outlook 1072:before 993:HLA-B27 972:Uveitis 891:Uveitis 833:HLA-B27 829:HLA-B27 790:HLA-B27 786:HLA-B27 778:HLA-B27 634:HLA-B27 589:HLA-B27 582:peptide 576:killer 574:KIR3DL2 558:HLA-B27 539:T cells 531:HLA-B27 483:HLA-B27 257:tendons 202:KIR3DL2 186:T cells 178:HLA-B27 163:HLA-B27 143:tendons 121:(PsA), 4568:Q52848 4427: 4398: 4390: 4351: 4343: 4308: 4298: 4290: 4248: 4240: 4200: 4192: 4150: 4142: 4115: 4105: 4063: 4055: 4027: 4019: 3988: 3978: 3970: 3931: 3896: 3886: 3878: 3839: 3831: 3796: 3788: 3752: 3744: 3708: 3700: 3664: 3656: 3620: 3612: 3576: 3568: 3532: 3522: 3514: 3475: 3467: 3431: 3421: 3413: 3373: 3363: 3355: 3315: 3305: 3297: 3258: 3248: 3240: 3201: 3191: 3183: 3144: 3136: 3101: 3091: 3083: 3041: 3031: 3023: 2984: 2974: 2966: 2927: 2919: 2872: 2864: 2825: 2815: 2807: 2768: 2760: 2724: 2689: 2679: 2671: 2625: 2617: 2578: 2568: 2560: 2521: 2511: 2503: 2460: 2452: 2416: 2408: 2367: 2359: 2323: 2315: 2279: 2271: 2229: 2221: 2182: 2174: 2140: 2106: 2096: 2088: 2049: 2041: 2005: 1997: 1961: 1919: 1911: 1870: 1828: 1793: 1785: 1745: 1737: 1662: 1654: 1583: 1531: 1523: 1490: 1452: 1406: 1352:, and 1267:Alaska 1166:, and 1124:DMARDs 1097:NSAIDs 1070:DMARDs 932:(CRP). 920:NSAIDs 765:, and 759:anemia 674:, and 382:Causes 117:(EA), 89: 4954:Other 4792:Other 1263:Japan 1259:Spain 1255:Japan 1134:, or 1126:such 1078:NSAID 1054:NSAID 883:Heel 487:HLA-B 397:ileal 259:, or 167:HLA-B 4722:Gout 4716:CPPD 4519:MeSH 4494:FA92 4425:PMID 4396:PMID 4388:ISSN 4349:PMID 4341:ISSN 4306:PMID 4288:ISSN 4246:PMID 4238:ISSN 4198:PMID 4190:ISSN 4148:PMID 4140:ISSN 4113:PMID 4061:PMID 4053:ISSN 4025:PMID 4017:ISSN 3986:PMID 3968:ISSN 3929:ISSN 3894:PMID 3876:ISSN 3837:PMID 3829:ISSN 3794:PMID 3786:ISSN 3750:PMID 3742:ISSN 3706:PMID 3698:ISSN 3662:PMID 3654:ISSN 3618:PMID 3610:ISSN 3574:PMID 3566:ISSN 3530:PMID 3512:ISSN 3473:PMID 3465:ISSN 3429:PMID 3411:ISSN 3371:PMID 3353:ISSN 3313:PMID 3295:ISSN 3256:PMID 3238:ISSN 3226:2014 3199:PMID 3181:ISSN 3142:PMID 3134:ISSN 3099:PMID 3081:ISSN 3069:2009 3039:PMID 3021:ISSN 2982:PMID 2964:ISSN 2925:PMID 2917:ISSN 2870:PMID 2862:ISSN 2823:PMID 2805:ISSN 2766:PMID 2758:ISSN 2722:PMID 2687:PMID 2669:ISSN 2623:PMID 2615:ISSN 2576:PMID 2558:ISSN 2519:PMID 2501:ISSN 2458:PMID 2450:ISSN 2414:PMID 2406:ISSN 2365:PMID 2357:ISSN 2321:PMID 2313:ISSN 2277:PMID 2269:ISSN 2227:PMID 2219:ISSN 2180:PMID 2172:ISSN 2138:ISBN 2104:PMID 2086:ISSN 2047:PMID 2039:ISSN 2003:PMID 1995:ISSN 1959:PMID 1917:PMID 1909:ISSN 1868:PMID 1826:PMID 1791:PMID 1783:ISSN 1743:PMID 1735:ISSN 1660:PMID 1652:ISSN 1581:ISBN 1529:PMID 1521:ISSN 1488:ISBN 1450:PMID 1404:ISBN 455:and 443:and 435:and 407:and 325:and 153:and 4773:SLE 4513:M49 4509:M45 4500:ICD 4485:ICD 4417:doi 4380:doi 4333:doi 4296:PMC 4280:doi 4230:doi 4226:126 4182:doi 4103:PMC 4095:doi 3976:PMC 3960:doi 3921:doi 3884:PMC 3868:doi 3821:doi 3817:185 3778:doi 3734:doi 3690:doi 3646:doi 3602:doi 3558:doi 3554:359 3520:PMC 3504:doi 3457:doi 3419:PMC 3403:doi 3361:PMC 3345:doi 3303:PMC 3287:doi 3246:PMC 3230:doi 3189:PMC 3173:doi 3126:doi 3122:160 3089:PMC 3073:doi 3029:PMC 3013:doi 2972:PMC 2956:doi 2909:doi 2854:doi 2813:PMC 2797:doi 2750:doi 2714:doi 2677:PMC 2661:doi 2607:doi 2566:PMC 2550:doi 2509:PMC 2493:doi 2479:via 2442:doi 2438:175 2396:doi 2392:277 2349:doi 2345:163 2305:doi 2261:doi 2257:173 2211:doi 2130:doi 2094:PMC 2078:doi 2031:doi 1987:doi 1951:doi 1947:118 1901:doi 1818:doi 1775:doi 1727:doi 1644:doi 1573:doi 1480:doi 1442:doi 1438:377 1396:doi 1107:or 843:MRI 738:or 716:MRI 638:MRI 535:CD8 214:MRI 182:CD8 107:SpA 5164:: 4566:: 4557:: 4533:: 4522:: 4511:– 4507:: 4504:10 4492:: 4489:11 4458:. 4446:. 4423:. 4413:28 4411:. 4394:. 4386:. 4376:11 4374:. 4347:. 4339:. 4329:53 4327:. 4304:. 4294:. 4286:. 4276:67 4274:. 4270:. 4258:^ 4244:. 4236:. 4224:. 4210:^ 4196:. 4188:. 4178:68 4176:. 4160:^ 4146:. 4136:21 4134:. 4111:. 4101:. 4091:38 4089:. 4085:. 4073:^ 4059:. 4049:28 4047:. 4023:. 4013:28 4011:. 3998:^ 3984:. 3974:. 3966:. 3954:. 3950:. 3927:. 3917:13 3915:. 3892:. 3882:. 3874:. 3864:66 3862:. 3858:. 3835:. 3827:. 3815:. 3792:. 3784:. 3774:63 3772:. 3748:. 3740:. 3730:69 3728:. 3704:. 3696:. 3686:58 3684:. 3660:. 3652:. 3642:54 3640:. 3616:. 3608:. 3598:52 3596:. 3572:. 3564:. 3552:. 3528:. 3518:. 3510:. 3500:64 3498:. 3494:. 3471:. 3463:. 3453:48 3451:. 3427:. 3417:. 3409:. 3399:73 3397:. 3393:. 3369:. 3359:. 3351:. 3341:70 3339:. 3335:. 3311:. 3301:. 3293:. 3283:64 3281:. 3277:. 3254:. 3244:. 3236:. 3224:. 3220:. 3197:. 3187:. 3179:. 3169:66 3167:. 3163:. 3140:. 3132:. 3120:. 3097:. 3087:. 3079:. 3067:. 3063:. 3051:^ 3037:. 3027:. 3019:. 3009:65 3007:. 3003:. 2980:. 2970:. 2962:. 2952:65 2950:. 2946:. 2923:. 2915:. 2905:68 2903:. 2882:^ 2868:. 2860:. 2850:53 2848:. 2835:^ 2821:. 2811:. 2803:. 2793:62 2791:. 2787:. 2764:. 2756:. 2746:70 2744:. 2720:. 2710:38 2708:. 2685:. 2675:. 2667:. 2655:. 2651:. 2635:^ 2621:. 2613:. 2603:54 2601:. 2588:^ 2574:. 2564:. 2556:. 2546:60 2544:. 2540:. 2517:. 2507:. 2499:. 2489:38 2487:. 2483:. 2456:. 2448:. 2436:. 2412:. 2404:. 2390:. 2386:. 2363:. 2355:. 2343:. 2319:. 2311:. 2301:52 2299:. 2275:. 2267:. 2255:. 2225:. 2217:. 2207:43 2205:. 2201:. 2178:. 2168:20 2166:. 2152:^ 2136:. 2116:^ 2102:. 2092:. 2084:. 2074:59 2072:. 2068:. 2045:. 2037:. 2027:40 2025:. 2001:. 1993:. 1983:33 1981:. 1957:. 1945:. 1929:^ 1915:. 1907:. 1897:37 1895:. 1864:69 1862:. 1858:. 1838:^ 1824:. 1814:20 1812:. 1789:. 1781:. 1771:12 1769:. 1755:^ 1741:. 1733:. 1723:70 1721:. 1672:^ 1658:. 1650:. 1640:68 1638:. 1595:^ 1579:. 1541:^ 1527:. 1517:18 1515:. 1502:^ 1486:. 1462:^ 1448:. 1436:. 1418:^ 1402:. 1340:, 1288:, 1284:, 1276:. 1269:. 1170:. 1162:, 1158:, 1154:, 1130:, 1119:. 922:). 824:: 750:, 714:. 654:: 603:' 584:. 513:. 447:, 439:, 431:, 427:, 370:, 255:, 157:. 4904:e 4897:t 4890:v 4603:e 4596:t 4589:v 4502:- 4487:- 4477:D 4431:. 4419:: 4402:. 4382:: 4355:. 4335:: 4312:. 4282:: 4252:. 4232:: 4204:. 4184:: 4154:. 4119:. 4097:: 4067:. 4031:. 3992:. 3962:: 3956:6 3935:. 3923:: 3900:. 3870:: 3843:. 3823:: 3800:. 3780:: 3756:. 3736:: 3712:. 3692:: 3668:. 3648:: 3624:. 3604:: 3580:. 3560:: 3536:. 3506:: 3479:. 3459:: 3435:. 3405:: 3377:. 3347:: 3319:. 3289:: 3262:. 3232:: 3205:. 3175:: 3148:. 3128:: 3105:. 3075:: 3045:. 3015:: 2988:. 2958:: 2931:. 2911:: 2876:. 2856:: 2829:. 2799:: 2772:. 2752:: 2728:. 2716:: 2693:. 2663:: 2657:8 2629:. 2609:: 2582:. 2552:: 2525:. 2495:: 2464:. 2444:: 2420:. 2398:: 2371:. 2351:: 2327:. 2307:: 2283:. 2263:: 2239:. 2213:: 2186:. 2146:. 2132:: 2110:. 2080:: 2053:. 2033:: 2009:. 1989:: 1965:. 1953:: 1923:. 1903:: 1880:. 1832:. 1820:: 1797:. 1777:: 1749:. 1729:: 1666:. 1646:: 1589:. 1575:: 1535:. 1496:. 1482:: 1456:. 1444:: 1412:. 1398:: 1024:. 1018:. 1012:. 995:. 986:. 980:. 974:. 960:. 954:. 948:. 918:( 911:. 905:. 899:. 893:. 887:. 880:. 662:. 105:( 76:. 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index