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A recurring theme in these works is tensions between the inhabitants of the habitats and planet-dwellers. Inasmuch as they provide opportunities for telling stories of isolated populations with diverse cultures, space habitats serve the same function in space that islands serve on Earth in earlier
69:
also fit this description, they are usually not considered space habitats as they are heading for a destination), but the line between the two is fuzzy with significant overlap and the term space station is sometimes used for both concepts. The first such artificial satellite in fiction was
1630:
100:, which deals with the subject. They serve several disparate functions in different works. Among these are industry, health benefits due to low gravity, prisons, and means to observe alien worlds. Several early works of the genre focused on space stations in
108:
as relay stations for interplanetary communication or transportation. Military uses for space stations appear, but being portrayed as a direct threat is comparatively rare. Occasionally, the space stations are connected to the planet they are orbiting via a
487:
257:
175:; the latter foresee a wide variety of problems with space habitats, including dilapidation while humans are still living there, vulnerability to sabotage, and the potential for a wealthy elite in space to exploit the inhabitants of Earth.
1535:
647:
827:
404:
144:
Besides cylinders, space habitats in fiction also come in the shapes of spheres, wheels, and hollowed-out asteroids, among others. A more unusual depiction is seen in
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1725:
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1921:
195:
take the opposite approach of portraying space habitats as multicultural centres where members of different spacefaring civilizations coexist peacefully.
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167:
65:. The difference between the two is that habitats are larger and more complex structures intended as permanent homes for substantial populations (though
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The first fictional space habitat proper (not counting the unintentional one in "The Brick Moon") was featured in the 1931 novella "
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1977:
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78:" in 1869, a sphere of bricks 61 meters across accidentally launched into orbit around the Earth with people still onboard.
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in 1979. In fiction, space stations were largely superseded by space habitats in the final quarter of the 20th century.
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31:
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92:
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Space stations started appearing frequently in science fiction works following the release of the 1949
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737:
The Other Side of the Sky: An
Annotated Bibliography of Space Stations in Science Fiction, 1869-1993
524:"Dreams and Nightmares of the High Frontier: The Response of Science Fiction to Gerard K. O'Neill's
37:
3073:
2820:
2475:
2379:
1550:
1176:
180:
71:
46:
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1994:
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880:
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138:
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171:
was published and went on to inspire numerous authors. The works inspired by O'Neill range from
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262:
118:
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2004:
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114:
101:
3042:
2810:
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134:
87:
66:
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2014:
1766:
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839:
365:
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313:
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110:
105:
75:
42:
137:; it is a cylinder 1,520 metres (5,000 ft) long and wide which rotates to create
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2490:
2450:
2160:
1771:
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1665:
1152:
758:
732:
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557:
488:
The
Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders
482:
258:
The
Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders
252:
58:
54:
3093:
2986:
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2042:
1999:
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1650:
1590:
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353:
301:
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582:
2189:
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1655:
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1147:
740:
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539:
161:
Space habitats featured only intermittently in science fiction until 1977, when
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2872:
2835:
2738:
2733:
2657:
2195:
2150:
2140:
1776:
1530:
1353:
1289:
893:
611:
The
Ultimate Encyclopedia of Science Fiction: The Definitive Illustrated Guide
534:. Space and Society. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 15–30.
450:
357:
305:
219:
458:
2867:
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1956:
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97:
805:
3165:
Notes: †Never inhabited due to launch or on-orbit failure, ‡ Part of the
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2707:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2652:
2642:
2226:
1368:
1294:
1110:
697:
Islands in the Sky: The Space
Station Theme in Science Fiction Literature
17:
2981:
2425:
2120:
1284:
836:
794:
667:"Islands in the Sky: Space Stations in the Universe of Science Fiction"
2712:
1164:
3166:
2925:
2647:
1247:
1120:
974:
113:, a concept which was introduced to science fiction separately by
36:
2535:
978:
809:
2690:
27:
Fictional depictions of space stations and habitats in fiction
3169:
military program, ° Never inhabited, lacks docking mechanism.
767:
The Stuff of
Science Fiction: Hardware, Settings, Characters
183:, though some science fiction works such as the TV series
783:
763:"Space Stations: Space Stations, in Fact and Fiction"
158:
series—where they are cities roaming through space.
435:"The Space Station From Concept to Evolving Reality"
3102:
3051:
3020:
3000:
2969:
2953:
2946:
2881:
2788:
2781:
2749:
2721:
2700:
2628:
2621:
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2413:
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2326:
2240:
2209:
2113:
2028:
1985:
1976:
1912:
1891:
1855:
1810:
1803:
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1511:
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1317:
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904:
879:
846:
472:
470:
468:
242:
240:
238:
236:
234:
49:– was the first fictional space station or habitat.
530:. In Schwartz, James S.J.; Milligan, Tony (eds.).
405:Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia
491:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 740–742.
261:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 736–738.
30:"Starbase" redirects here. For other uses, see
675:Mindscapes: The Geographies of Imagined Worlds
2846:Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station
2547:
990:
821:
340:
338:
336:
288:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
8:
584:Skylife: Space Habitats in Story and Science
390:
388:
2950:
2785:
2625:
2554:
2540:
2532:
1982:
1807:
1487:
1321:
1081:
997:
983:
975:
828:
814:
806:
723:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
168:The High Frontier: Human Colonies in Space
514:
512:
510:
508:
408:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 35–37.
790:
230:
3115:Space stations and habitats in fiction
3110:List of films featuring space stations
3033:Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)
1741:Writers and Illustrators of the Future
716:
210:List of films featuring space stations
7:
371:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
319:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
25:
2599:International Space Station (ISS)
2583:List of commercial space stations
636:Stanway, Elizabeth (2022-07-24).
439:Interdisciplinary Science Reviews
2801:Bigelow Commercial Space Station
2612:
2514:
2505:
2504:
1089:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic
793:
205:Dyson spheres in popular culture
165:'s speculative non-fiction book
2961:Russian Orbital Service Station
769:. McFarland. pp. 129–133.
677:. SIU Press. pp. 211–225.
650:from the original on 2023-03-21
532:The Ethics of Space Exploration
2466:Science and technology studies
1:
477:McKinney, Richard L. (2005).
247:McKinney, Richard L. (2005).
3197:Fictional spacecraft by type
3028:Bharatiya Antariksha Station
2816:Exploration Gateway Platform
2604:Tiangong space station (TSS)
866:Metro/rapid transit stations
215:List of fictional spacecraft
152:—as well as the rest of his
2010:Space stations and habitats
926:Submarine aircraft carriers
540:10.1007/978-3-319-39827-3_2
3218:
3187:Science in popular culture
2831:Manned Orbiting Laboratory
673:; Rabkin, Eric S. (eds.).
186:Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
29:
3163:
2826:Industrial Space Facility
2610:
2573:
2499:
2456:Museum of Science Fiction
2401:Christian science fiction
2365:Self-replicating machines
1324:
1084:
451:10.1179/isr.1987.12.2.143
32:Starbase (disambiguation)
3202:Fictional space stations
431:Ordway, Frederick I. III
2334:Artificial intelligence
2232:Simulated consciousness
646:. Cosmic Stories Blog.
613:. Carlton. p. 50.
429:Fries, Sylvia Doughty;
3192:Science fiction themes
2578:List of space stations
2486:Technology and society
1354:Science Fiction Museum
400:"Artificial satellite"
50:
45:" – an 1869 serial by
3038:Lunar Orbital Station
2085:Organ transplantation
1344:Libraries and museums
1265:Cyberpunk derivatives
1219:Utopian and dystopian
848:Ground transportation
93:The Conquest of Space
40:
2436:Fictional technology
2431:Fictional astronauts
2288:Frankenstein complex
906:Water transportation
173:utopian to dystopian
2789:Individual projects
2476:Speculative fiction
2070:Genetic engineering
181:speculative fiction
150:Earthman, Come Home
131:The Prince of Space
72:Edward Everett Hale
47:Edward Everett Hale
3156:(2016 documentary)
3153:A Beautiful Planet
3148:(2009 documentary)
3140:(2008 documentary)
3132:(2002 documentary)
3124:(1997 documentary)
3069:McKendree cylinder
2882:Incorporated into
2806:Deep Space Habitat
2303:Message from space
2268:Ancient astronauts
2156:Parallel universes
2131:Extrasolar planets
2038:Biological warfare
1160:Parallel universes
1042:Scientific romance
881:Air transportation
671:Slusser, George E.
643:Warwick University
139:artificial gravity
51:
3174:
3173:
3137:Orphans of Apollo
3016:
3015:
2942:
2941:
2777:
2776:
2529:
2528:
2421:Alternate history
2409:
2408:
2370:Simulated reality
2100:Sex and sexuality
2053:Extraterrestrials
1972:
1971:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1536:Campbell Memorial
1313:
1312:
1182:Planetary romance
972:
971:
776:978-1-4766-8659-2
750:978-1-4344-5749-3
710:978-0-89370-307-3
684:978-0-8093-1454-6
594:978-0-15-100292-4
579:Zebrowski, George
549:978-3-319-39827-3
526:The High Frontier
498:978-0-313-32952-4
415:978-0-415-97460-8
396:Stableford, Brian
268:978-0-313-32952-4
163:Gerard K. O'Neill
119:Charles Sheffield
16:(Redirected from
3209:
3129:Space Station 3D
3084:Space settlement
3074:O'Neill cylinder
2951:
2786:
2729:Tiangong program
2626:
2616:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2518:
2508:
2507:
2346:Astroengineering
2278:Evil corporation
2005:Matrioshka brain
1983:
1922:List of TV shows
1808:
1488:
1322:
1192:Sword and planet
1082:
999:
992:
985:
976:
919:Royal Navy ships
871:Railway stations
830:
823:
816:
807:
798:
797:
789:
780:
754:
728:
722:
714:
688:
658:
656:
655:
638:"High Frontiers"
632:
607:"Space Habitats"
598:
575:Benford, Gregory
562:
561:
516:
503:
502:
479:"Space Stations"
474:
463:
462:
426:
420:
419:
392:
383:
382:
380:
379:
354:"Space Habitats"
342:
331:
330:
328:
327:
302:"Space Stations"
290:
273:
272:
249:"Space Habitats"
244:
155:Cities in Flight
115:Arthur C. Clarke
67:generation ships
53:The concepts of
21:
3217:
3216:
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3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3206:
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3175:
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3043:Voyager Station
3012:
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2811:Excalibur Almaz
2773:
2745:
2717:
2696:
2630:
2617:
2608:
2587:
2569:
2560:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2495:
2471:Sense of wonder
2405:
2389:
2322:
2318:Xenoarchaeology
2293:Galactic empire
2248:Africanfuturism
2236:
2205:
2109:
2024:
1968:
1908:
1887:
1851:
1791:
1750:
1513:
1507:
1479:
1373:
1309:
1259:
1236:Techno-thriller
1204:Climate fiction
1172:Science fantasy
1126:Anime and manga
1073:
1032:Anthropological
1008:
1006:Science fiction
1003:
973:
968:
930:
900:
875:
842:
834:
804:
800:Science fiction
792:
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731:
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621:
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568:Further reading
565:
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520:Baxter, Stephen
518:
517:
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499:
476:
475:
466:
428:
427:
423:
416:
394:
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386:
377:
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366:Sleight, Graham
362:Langford, David
350:Langford, David
346:Nicholls, Peter
344:
343:
334:
325:
323:
314:Sleight, Graham
310:Langford, David
298:Langford, David
294:Nicholls, Peter
292:
291:
276:
269:
246:
245:
232:
228:
201:
135:Jack Williamson
127:
106:Lagrange points
88:popular science
84:
63:science fiction
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3160:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3145:Space Tourists
3141:
3133:
3125:
3121:Mission to Mir
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3089:Stanford torus
3086:
3081:
3079:Rotating wheel
3076:
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3055:
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2947:In development
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2892:Space Station
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2796:Aurora Station
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2563:Space stations
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2500:
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2483:
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2461:Rubber science
2458:
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2448:
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2441:Future history
2438:
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2300:
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2265:
2263:Alien language
2260:
2258:Alien invasion
2255:
2250:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2222:Mind uploading
2219:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2080:Nanotechnology
2077:
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2067:
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2060:
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2045:
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2034:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
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2017:
2015:Stellar engine
2012:
2007:
2002:
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1960:
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759:Westfahl, Gary
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749:
733:Westfahl, Gary
729:
709:
693:Westfahl, Gary
689:
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663:Westfahl, Gary
659:
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619:
605:, ed. (1996).
603:Pringle, David
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483:Westfahl, Gary
464:
445:(2): 143–159.
433:(1987-06-01).
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374:(4th ed.)
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322:(4th ed.)
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253:Westfahl, Gary
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125:Space habitats
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82:Space stations
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76:The Brick Moon
59:space habitats
55:space stations
43:The Brick Moon
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1153:Space Western
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1138:Space warfare
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951:
950:Marvel comics
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620:1-85868-188-X
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148:'s 1955 book
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68:
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60:
56:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3114:
3094:Wet workshop
2987:Orbital Reef
2924:
2918:(ISS module)
2915:
2907:
2893:
2850:
2689:
2631:Soviet Union
2481:Supernatural
2253:Afrofuturism
2166:Space travel
2075:Invisibility
2043:Energy being
2020:Terraforming
2009:
2000:Dyson sphere
1995:Colonization
1927:Australasian
1820:Film history
1601:Grand Master
766:
736:
696:
674:
652:. Retrieved
641:
610:
587:. Harcourt.
583:
531:
525:
486:
442:
438:
424:
403:
376:. Retrieved
369:
324:. Retrieved
317:
256:
190:
184:
177:
166:
160:
153:
149:
143:
128:
91:
85:
52:
3064:Bishop Ring
2567:settlements
2339:AI takeover
2186:Time travel
2146:Inertialess
2136:Force field
2126:Black holes
2095:Prosthetics
1957:Live-action
1726:Translation
1721:Tour-Apollo
1596:Golden Duck
1498:Jules Verne
1364:Women in SF
1329:Conventions
1214:Libertarian
1177:Dying Earth
1148:Space opera
1116:Inner space
1027:Definitions
894:Flying cars
741:Borgo Press
701:Borgo Press
358:Clute, John
306:Clute, John
146:James Blish
102:Earth orbit
61:feature in
3181:Categories
2873:Tiangong-3
2836:Nautilus-X
2739:Tiangong-2
2734:Tiangong-1
2658:Cosmos 557
2375:Spacecraft
2351:Holography
2217:Group mind
2196:Warp drive
2151:Multiverse
2141:Hyperspace
2030:Biological
1914:Television
1878:Publishers
1856:Literature
1755:Multimedia
1671:Prometheus
1606:Grand Prix
1521:Astounding
1385:Australian
1290:Dieselpunk
1255:Underwater
1054:Golden Age
957:Spacecraft
654:2024-03-25
378:2021-08-06
326:2023-12-29
226:References
220:Space dock
2868:Sundancer
2857:FlexCraft
2852:Skylab II
2394:Religious
2105:Symbiosis
2090:Parasites
2048:Evolution
1868:Magazines
1845:Tokusatsu
1626:Kitschies
1556:Deutscher
1514:and audio
1491:Cinematic
1445:Norwegian
1435:Hungarian
1395:Brazilian
1305:Steampunk
1300:Solarpunk
1273:Cyberpunk
1243:Tokusatsu
1226:Tech noir
1209:Christian
1187:Superhero
1078:Subgenres
837:Fictional
719:cite book
558:148314207
459:0308-0188
192:Babylon 5
98:Willy Ley
3052:Concepts
3021:Proposed
2916:Columbus
2908:Columbus
2863:Skylab B
2782:Canceled
2708:OPS 0855
2683:Salyut 7
2678:Salyut 6
2673:Salyut 5
2668:Salyut 4
2663:Salyut 3
2653:Salyut 2
2643:Salyut 1
2629:Russia /
2510:Category
2380:Tachyons
2227:Psionics
2201:Wormhole
2171:Stargate
2114:Physical
1947:Japanese
1942:European
1937:Canadian
1835:Japanese
1787:Spectrum
1767:Chandler
1701:Sunburst
1696:Sturgeon
1686:Sidewise
1676:Rhysling
1646:Nautilus
1616:Heinlein
1571:Endeavor
1526:Aurealis
1475:Yugoslav
1455:Romanian
1440:Japanese
1425:Estonian
1415:Croatian
1400:Canadian
1369:Worldcon
1339:Fanzines
1295:Nanopunk
1278:Japanese
1143:Military
1111:Grimdark
1106:Feminist
1069:Timeline
1064:New Wave
945:Vehicles
889:Aircraft
761:(2022).
735:(2009).
695:(1996).
665:(1989).
648:Archived
629:38373691
581:(2000).
522:(2016).
398:(2006).
368:(eds.).
352:(2021).
316:(eds.).
300:(2022).
199:See also
18:Starbase
3103:Related
2992:Starlab
2982:Haven-1
2970:Private
2894:Freedom
2757:Genesis
2750:Private
2592:Current
2426:Fantasy
2414:Related
2385:Weapons
2360:Cyborgs
2121:Ansible
1932:British
1904:Theatre
1716:Tiptree
1691:Skylark
1636:LaĂźwitz
1621:Ignotus
1611:Harland
1586:Gaughan
1576:FantLab
1541:Chesley
1470:Spanish
1465:Serbian
1460:Russian
1410:Chinese
1405:Chilean
1390:Bengali
1359:Studies
1318:Culture
1285:Biopunk
1133:Mundane
1099:Sitcoms
1059:History
1022:Authors
1014:Outline
485:(ed.).
255:(ed.).
2954:Russia
2821:Galaxy
2713:Skylab
2638:Salyut
2520:Portal
2446:Horror
2356:Robots
2313:Uplift
2241:Social
2190:Viewer
2065:Gender
1978:Themes
1873:Novels
1863:Comics
1830:Indian
1772:Dragon
1762:Aurora
1746:Zajdel
1731:Urania
1666:Parsec
1661:Norton
1651:Nebula
1631:Lambda
1591:Geffen
1581:Galaxy
1566:Ditmar
1546:Clarke
1503:Saturn
1484:Awards
1450:Polish
1430:French
1378:Region
1334:Fandom
1231:Spy-Fi
1199:Social
1165:Isekai
1094:Comedy
935:Other
786:Portal
773:
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707:
681:
627:
617:
591:
556:
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265:
104:or at
3167:Almaz
2926:Mir-2
2841:OPSEK
2722:China
2648:DOS-2
2491:Weird
2273:Black
2176:Stars
1952:Anime
1899:Opera
1892:Stage
1840:Anime
1825:Films
1804:Media
1782:Seiun
1736:Vogel
1681:SFERA
1656:Nommo
1641:Locus
1551:Crook
1420:Czech
1349:ISFDB
1248:Kaiju
1121:Mecha
914:Ships
856:Buses
669:. In
554:S2CID
481:. In
356:. In
304:. In
251:. In
133:" by
90:book
2910:MTFF
2900:USOS
2622:Past
2565:and
2358:and
2298:LGBT
2058:List
1964:U.S.
1812:Film
1777:Hugo
1561:Dick
1531:BSFA
1047:Soft
1037:Hard
861:Cars
771:ISBN
745:ISBN
725:link
705:ISBN
679:ISBN
625:OCLC
615:ISBN
589:ISBN
544:ISBN
493:ISBN
455:ISSN
410:ISBN
263:ISBN
189:and
117:and
74:'s "
57:and
2932:ROS
2884:ISS
2691:Mir
1711:TBD
536:doi
447:doi
96:by
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2767:II
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2762:I
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