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hold produces almost immediate cessation of resistance. However to avoid injury the hold cannot be maintained more than a few seconds. When pressure on the carotids is released, the flow of oxygenated blood resumes immediately and consciousness slowly returns. In contrast, if the airway rather than the carotid arteries is blocked, the subject cannot breathe, but his brain is still perfused with blood and he will remain conscious and may continue to struggle for a minute or more; he will lose consciousness only when the oxygen in the circulating blood is consumed and he collapses from hypoxia. Even if the hold is released at this point, the blood circulating through the brain contains no oxygen, and consequently the subject may not regain consciousness or resume spontaneous breathing. Possibly the most important element of training for the use of chokeholds in law enforcement is the understanding that the subject should always be able to breathe freely. The operator uses his right arm to compress both sides of the subject's neck, assisted by the pressure of his left hand, while his elbow, sharply flexed and centered over the midline, places no pressure on the trachea.
66:
543:, this choke is mostly used in MMA, and some rare instances in wrestling. Because of the rarity of its use, it is often overlooked in its effectiveness. The choke is applied with the opponent in a supine position, with his back against the mat. The person applying then laces his closest arm around the back of the head, and places his entire body weight against the neck, causing both air constriction, and restriction of blood flow to the brain. Prolonged applying of this hold can result in loss of consciousness, either due to loss of blood flow to the brain, or loss of air to the lungs. The choke gets its name from
514:– Applied from behind the opponent, starting by looping one arm around the neck so that the crook of the elbow is under the opponents chin, then placing the hand of that arm on the opposite biceps. The other hand is then placed on the back of the opponent's head and pushes the opponent's head and neck forward into the crook of the flexed arm. Additional pressure may be applied by pinioning the opponent's lower body by locking the legs around the opponent's waist (referred to as "
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463:– Choke starting with attacker facing the opponent on all fours. Attacker passes his leading arm under the neck, and outside past one of the opponent's arms while then grabbing his own other arm's free arm biceps (resulting in similar arm positioning to a rear naked choke). The attacker then arches his back, bending backward to apply the choke.
354:, the Los Angeles Police Department banned chokeholds in 1980, and was soon followed by police departments nationwide. Choking suspects was widely banned by American police departments by the early 1990s, when New York City strengthened the force of an earlier ban on chokeholds. (It is also forensically known as a "carotid sleeper".)
469:– Choke starting with the attacker facing the opponent. The attacker passes the arm over the opponents same-side shoulder and across the back to the other shoulder. The attacker then positions the opponents arm across their neck and traps it using their head and applies pressure. May be performed from the top, or the bottom.
153:) from passing through the neck of an opponent. The restriction may be of one or both and depends on the hold used and the reaction of the victim. While the time it takes for the choke to render an opponent unconscious varies depending on the type of choke, the average across all has been recorded as 9 seconds.
202:, the term "chokehold" or "choke" is used for all types of grappling holds that strangle. This can be misleading as most holds aim to strangle not choke with the exception of "air chokes" (choking means "to have severe difficulty in breathing because of a constricted or obstructed throat or a lack of air"). In
366:" 11 times while lying face down on the sidewalk. Garner lost consciousness and died approximately an hour later; his autopsy revealed that his death was a result of " of neck, compression of chest and prone positioning during physical restraint by police." His death and quote became a prominent factor of
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to submit without causing death or permanent injury. In this situation it is vital to distinguish between air and blood chokes. A hold that simultaneously blocks both the left and right carotid arteries results in cerebral ischemia and loss of consciousness within seconds. If properly applied, the
270:
condition in the brain. A well-applied blood choke may lead to unconsciousness in 10–20 seconds. Injury or death is plausible if the arteries remain constricted for several minutes or more. Compared to strangulation with the hands, properly applied blood chokes require little physical strength.
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strangulation. The bulldog choke works the same as a rear naked choke, except it occurs on the side of the opponent, not behind. The attacker's biceps will block one side of the neck and the forearm will block the other. For loss of consciousness to occur, the structure need to be
491:
setup to trap the top man's arm, then pulling the bottom man's foot past the top man's head, pressing the shin of that leg against the throat. The bottom man then pulls on his opponent's head, cutting off the airflow and forcing him to submit or risk passing out from lack of
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Peruvian necktie – the arms of the person applying the choke are laced around the neck with the opponent's bottom arm straight through the hold, the person applying then turns the opponent around, and drapes his legs over the back, applying the pressure to the
361:
by administering the prohibited hold. Garner was assaulted on suspicions of selling cigarettes without tax stamps, although he was not doing so. While being in the chokehold and restrained by multiple officers, he repeated the words
475:– the D'Arce choke, also known as the Brabo choke, is similar to the anaconda choke, the main divergence being the choking arm is threaded under the near arm, in front of the opponent's neck, and on top of the far arm.
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191:, which generally requires a large disparity in physical strength to be effective. Rather than using the fingers or arms to attempt to crush the neck, chokeholds effectively use leverage such as
524:– Applied from full guard or from mount, the opponent's neck is trapped in a triangle formed by their own arm and the attacker's thigh and calf. A common finishing hold in
921:
498:– Applied in front of and above the opponent, the attacker restricts air flow by lifting the forearm into the neck. A common finishing hold in mixed martial arts.
518:") and arching the back to place more force against the neck. A simple and effective chokehold, it is the most common finishing hold in mixed martial arts competition.
351:
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Most chokeholds featured in combat sports and martial arts are blood chokes, although some air chokes or combinations occur as well. Blood chokes, especially the
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performances. Due to the effectiveness of chokeholds and their popularity in a wide variety of martial arts, they are most often used to force submissions in
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210:, the terms "strangle" and "stranglehold" designate any type of neck compression, while in law-enforcement they are referred to as "neck holds".
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238:, and in combat sports a fighter will usually yield to such a submission hold. Air chokes have been associated with fractures of the larynx or
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terminology, "blood chokes" are referred to as "strangleholds" or "strangles" while "air chokes" are called "chokeholds" or "chokes". In
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was introduced, part of its statutes including prohibiting federal police officers from using chokeholds or other
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An air choke (or tracheal choke) specifically refers to a "true" choke that compresses the upper airway (
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Force
Science News #198: Vascular neck restraint: Reprieve for a bum-rapped technique
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protests, a social movement originating in 2013 and becoming most popular during the
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914:"Judge to suggest future for NYPD cop accused of killing Eric Garner with chokehold"
393:, along with state and local law enforcement agencies that receive federal funding.
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971:"Black Lives Matter: How the events in Ferguson sparked a movement in America"
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One powerful way to grasp the arms together when doing front headlocks is the
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1045:"Democrats to Propose Broad Bill to Target Police Misconduct and Racial Bias"
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with opponent facing up. Uses the shoulder and biceps to cut off air flow.
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334:, resuscitation techniques to heal a fighter choked to unconsciousness.
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431: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Shimewaza (strangle techniques) by
Katsuhiko Kashiwazaki (Ippon Press)
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481:– Attacker grabs inside their own sleeve around opponent's neck.
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Chokeholds & Carotid
Restraints: Knock & Announce Requirement
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or collar holds that use the clothes to assist in the constriction.
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Blood chokes (or carotid restraints / sleeper holds) are a form of
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745:"Deaths allegedly caused by the use of "choke holds" (shime-waza)"
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675:"Scientists Confirm Which Chokes Put People to Sleep the Fastest"
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1012:"Black Lives Matter May Be the Largest Movement in U.S. History"
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1010:
Buchanan, Larry; Bui, Quoctrung; Patel, Jugal K. (2020-07-03).
827:
Law
Enforcement Patrol Operations: Police Systems and Practices
400:
242:, and are considered less safe than blood chokes to practice.
945:"#BlackLivesMatter: the birth of a new civil rights movement"
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members in the 1970s, who worked to ban chokeholds in the
187:
applications. They are considered superior to brute-force
141:'constriction technique') is a general term for a
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Use in law enforcement (lateral vascular neck restraint)
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but are allowed in combat sambo. The chokeholds used in
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The
American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
809:
Facts
Victims of Choking (Strangulation) Need to Know!
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311:are the inspiration for the "chokeholds" in modern
230:), hence interfering with breathing and leading to
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30:"Stranglehold" redirects here. For other uses, see
535:Von Flue choke – Alternatively known as the
164:if the hold is maintained. Chokeholds are used in
291:chokes, are commonly used as submission holds in
145:that critically reduces or prevents either air (
487:– Performed from full guard by using an
327:
262:without compressing the airway, hence causing
27:Submission hold that reduces air or blood flow
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1182:
554:Bulldog choke – The bulldog choke is a
8:
1227:International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation
387:George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2021
1163:can be classified as an air or blood choke.
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342:In law enforcement the goal is to force an
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447:Learn how and when to remove this message
326:Some martial arts include instruction on
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156:The lack of blood or air often leads to
875:"Death from law enforcement neck holds"
873:Reay, DT; Eisele, JW (September 1982).
686:
684:
630:"Principles of Judo Choking Techniques"
617:
547:, who spearheaded the move, as well as
924:from the original on February 13, 2023
716:. URL last accessed February 26, 2006.
357:Despite the ban, in 2014, NYPD police
1105:. URL last accessed February 5, 2006.
727:Death from law enforcement neck holds
198:The terminology used varies; in most
7:
969:Luibrand, Shannon (August 7, 2015).
842:"Kelly Bans Choke Holds By Officers"
654:The New Oxford Dictionary of English
551:, who popularised it within the UFC.
429:adding citations to reliable sources
912:Carrega, Christina (June 7, 2019).
829:. McCutchan Publishing Corporation.
49:. For the song by Sleep Token, see
796:. URL last accessed March 3, 2006.
25:
2600:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
840:Fisher, Ian (November 24, 1993).
806:San Diego Family Justice Center,
656:(1999). Oxford University press.
3068:
3058:
2565:Historical European martial arts
1155:Hadakajime - Air or Blood Choke?
1093:Top 20 most common fight endings
943:Day, Elizabeth (July 19, 2015).
891:10.1097/00000433-198209000-00012
733:.URL last accessed March 3, 2006
405:
64:
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1043:Fandos, Nicholas (2020-06-06).
997:Searches for Black Lives Matter
416:needs additional citations for
100:Choke, stranglehold, shime-waza
1:
1131:Los Angeles Police Department
32:Stranglehold (disambiguation)
1478:Grappling-based martial arts
790:How Safe is Choking in Judo?
749:Journal of Forensic Sciences
725:Reay, Donald; Eisele, John.
1157:. Discussion about whether
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3105:Law enforcement techniques
380:Minneapolis police officer
254:that compress one or both
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1695:
1419:Collar-and-elbow position
743:Koiwai, EK (March 1987).
504:– Applied from the
131:
63:
1381:Small joint manipulation
1217:Craig Jones Invitational
1127:Los Angeles City Council
352:series of choking deaths
73:between two US soldiers.
3110:Martial arts techniques
2797:Former official sports
2225:Northern Praying Mantis
1800:Mainland Southeast Asia
825:Nichols, Larry (1995).
572:. Named after wrestler
37:For the punk band, see
2636:Professional wrestling
2303:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
1617:Brazilian jiu-jitsu gi
313:professional wrestling
2732:Demonstration sports
1237:Polaris Pro Grappling
731:www.charlydmiller.com
714:www.forensicmed.co.uk
372:George Floyd protests
344:uncooperative subject
2992:Martial arts at the
2947:Martial arts at the
2877:Martial arts at the
2832:Martial arts at the
2812:Invitational sports
2762:Martial arts at the
2683:Martial arts at the
2605:Pencak Silat Harimau
2443:Pencak Silat Harimau
2375:Submission wrestling
2080:Luta Livre esportiva
1454:North–south position
506:north-south position
425:improve this article
321:submission grappling
275:Use in combat sports
51:Take Me Back to Eden
3095:Grappling positions
2673:International games
2355:Full contact karate
2345:Professional boxing
2060:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
1569:Mongolian wrestling
1495:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
1459:Over–under position
385:. In response, the
293:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
185:hand to hand combat
83:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
2835:Pan American Games
2512:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu
2423:JieitaikakutĹŤjutsu
2360:Mixed martial arts
1637:Wrestling headgear
1401:Grappling position
1256:General techniques
1098:2006-02-07 at the
1049:The New York Times
1016:The New York Times
847:The New York Times
708:2006-04-30 at the
697:2006-02-26 at the
549:Ovince Saint Preux
526:mixed martial arts
467:Arm triangle choke
374:in 2020 following
368:Black Lives Matter
359:killed Eric Garner
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1647:Wrestling singlet
1429:Crucifix position
1123:Robert C. Farrell
761:10.1520/JFS11144J
628:Ohlenkamp, Neil.
537:Saint Preux choke
502:North–south choke
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317:mixed martial art
264:cerebral ischemia
193:figure-four holds
189:manual strangling
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677:. 31 March 2021.
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512:Rear naked choke
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1268:Clinch fighting
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1222:Grapplers Quest
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1119:Zev Yaroslavsky
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1100:Wayback Machine
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3020:
3015:
3010:
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2999:
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2995:European Games
2989:
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2741:Pistol dueling
2738:
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2570:Huiyen Lallong
2567:
2562:
2557:
2551:
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2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2527:Shorinji Kempo
2524:
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2514:
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2499:
2497:American Kenpo
2493:
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2230:Russian boxing
2227:
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2172:
2166:
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2158:
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2097:
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2062:
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2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
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2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1977:Ranged weapons
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1973:
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1965:Stick-fighting
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1734:Classification
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1712:
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1702:
1700:List of styles
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1515:Folk wrestling
1512:
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1502:
1497:
1492:
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1471:
1466:
1464:Pinch grip tie
1461:
1456:
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1394:
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1348:Grappling hold
1344:
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1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
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1288:Grappling hold
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1149:External links
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788:Koiwai, Karl.
781:
735:
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680:
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632:. judoinfo.com
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601:Grapple tackle
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545:Jason Von Flue
533:
529:
522:Triangle choke
519:
509:
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482:
476:
470:
464:
461:Anaconda choke
455:
454:
413:
411:
404:
398:
395:
339:
336:
323:competitions.
276:
273:
247:
244:
228:laryngopharynx
215:
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143:grappling hold
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26:
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2950:African Games
2945:
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2621:Fighting game
2619:
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2616:
2614:Entertainment
2612:
2606:
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2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:Krabi–krabong
2583:
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2580:Kalaripayattu
2578:
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2370:Shootfighting
2368:
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2337:combat sports
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2265:Tien Shan Pai
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2190:Choi Kwang-Do
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
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2159:
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2027:Pushing hands
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2015:
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1985:
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1970:Swordsmanship
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1955:Melee weapons
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1091:Sherdog.com.
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854:on 2015-07-26
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755:(2): 419–32.
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707:
704:
703:Strangulation
700:
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687:
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662:0-19-861263-X
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486:
483:
480:
479:Ezekiel choke
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
458:
451:
448:
440:
430:
426:
420:
419:
414:This section
412:
408:
403:
402:
396:
394:
392:
391:carotid holds
388:
384:
383:Derek Chauvin
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
355:
353:
348:
345:
337:
335:
332:
331:
324:
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314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
274:
272:
269:
265:
261:
260:jugular veins
257:
253:
252:strangulation
245:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
213:
211:
209:
205:
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196:
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183:
179:
175:
171:
170:combat sports
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113:
109:
99:
95:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
48:
45:episode, see
44:
40:
33:
19:
2931:Pencak silat
2641:Stage combat
2595:Mardani khel
2517:Jeet Kune Do
2475:Silat Melayu
2438:Pencak silat
2390:Self-defense
2332:Full contact
2319:
2307:
2245:Shoot boxing
2185:Chess boxing
2085:Malla-yuddha
2022:Punching bag
2012:Boxing glove
1869:Leg strikes
1848:Elbow strike
1837:
1834:Arm strikes
1689:Martial arts
1469:Side control
1360:
1283:Fish-hooking
1205:Competitions
1158:
1102:
1071:
1060:. Retrieved
1048:
1038:
1027:. Retrieved
1015:
1005:
995:
990:
980:December 18,
978:. Retrieved
974:
964:
954:December 18,
952:. Retrieved
949:The Guardian
948:
938:
926:. Retrieved
917:
907:
885:(3): 253–8.
882:
878:
868:
858:25 September
856:. Retrieved
852:the original
845:
835:
826:
820:
808:
801:
794:judoinfo.com
793:
784:
774:26 September
772:. Retrieved
752:
748:
738:
730:
721:
713:
669:
653:
634:. Retrieved
586:Choking game
569:
567:
540:
536:
473:D'arce choke
443:
434:
423:Please help
418:verification
415:
356:
350:Following a
349:
341:
325:
278:
249:
217:
200:martial arts
197:
174:self-defense
166:martial arts
155:
149:) or blood (
123:
116:stranglehold
115:
111:
107:
105:
47:"Choke Hold"
18:Stranglehold
2880:Asian Games
2765:World Games
2727:Greco-Roman
2547:Battlefield
2507:Chun Kuk Do
2450:Suffrajitsu
2260:Tang Soo Do
2135:Greco-Roman
1888:Knee strike
1805:Philippines
1386:Spinal lock
1303:Nelson hold
1278:Eye-gouging
928:February 1,
559:compressed.
301:sport sambo
258:and/or the
246:Blood choke
3100:Chokeholds
3089:Categories
2922:2018 Only
2783:Kickboxing
2537:Qwan Ki Do
2465:To-Shin Do
2395:combatives
2365:Pankration
2350:Kickboxing
2321:Xingyiquan
2309:Baguazhang
2275:Wudangquan
2205:Kickboxing
2100:Shuai jiao
1910:Joint lock
1827:techniques
1552:Shuai jiao
1439:Half guard
1409:Back mount
1371:Joint lock
1333:Transition
1273:Collar tie
1160:hadakajime
1062:2020-06-08
1029:2023-02-01
612:References
606:Joint lock
570:Gable grip
496:Guillotine
376:his murder
240:hyoid bone
236:air hunger
151:strangling
124:shime-waza
41:. For the
3038:Wrestling
3033:Taekwondo
2983:Wrestling
2978:Taekwondo
2913:Wrestling
2908:Taekwondo
2868:Wrestling
2863:Taekwondo
2806:Taekwondo
2788:Muay Thai
2723:freestyle
2719:Wrestling
2714:Taekwondo
2590:Krav Maga
2502:Angampora
2470:Wing Chun
2428:Krav Maga
2418:Kajukenbo
2380:Vale Tudo
2255:Taekwondo
2220:Muay Thai
2210:Kun Khmer
2140:Mongolian
2130:freestyle
2110:Wrestling
2069:Para judo
2047:Grappling
1900:Grappling
1838:Chokehold
1768:Indonesia
1610:Equipment
1589:Wrestling
1510:Dishuquan
1391:Wristlock
1361:Chokehold
1338:Underhook
1232:Metamoris
1198:Grappling
1057:0362-4331
1024:0362-4331
591:Choke-out
574:Dan Gable
485:Gogoplata
437:June 2020
214:Air choke
208:forensics
108:chokehold
59:Chokehold
3023:Muaythai
2773:Ju-jitsu
2646:Tricking
2630:Chanbara
2532:Unifight
2485:Eclectic
2460:Taekkyon
2408:Bartitsu
2290:Internal
2180:Capoeira
2162:Striking
2090:Pehlwani
2037:Sparring
1999:Training
1987:Shooting
1932:Stand-up
1920:Takedown
1873:Footwork
1863:Headbutt
1825:Unarmed
1710:Timeline
1601:Yongmudo
1414:Bear hug
1323:Takedown
1308:Overhook
1096:Archived
975:CBS News
922:Archived
918:ABC News
706:Archived
695:Archived
692:Asphyxia
636:March 3,
580:See also
489:omoplata
232:asphyxia
182:military
160:or even
128:Japanese
3074:Outline
3008:Fencing
2963:Fencing
2898:Jujutsu
2848:Fencing
2699:Fencing
2575:Jujutsu
2560:Bokator
2555:Banshay
2489:hybrids
2455:Systema
2413:Hapkido
2315:Tai chi
2270:Vovinam
2215:Lethwei
2120:Cornish
2075:Jujutsu
2032:Randori
1982:Archery
1942:Weapons
1815:Vietnam
1788:Okinawa
1778:Ireland
1773:Italian
1715:Records
1705:History
1579:Ssireum
1559:Jujutsu
1505:Chin Na
1376:Leglock
1356:Armlock
1242:Quintet
899:7148779
769:3572335
492:oxygen.
268:hypoxic
220:trachea
180:and in
147:choking
139:
118:or, in
3064:Portal
3018:Karate
3003:Boxing
2973:Karate
2958:Boxing
2926:Kurash
2903:Karate
2888:Boxing
2858:Karate
2843:Boxing
2816:Aikido
2778:Karate
2751:Savate
2709:Karate
2694:Boxing
2522:Shooto
2298:Aikido
2250:Savate
2200:Karate
2175:Boxing
2055:BarrĂłg
1883:Flying
1858:Ground
1853:Clinch
1810:Russia
1758:Europe
1632:Judogi
1627:Gunbai
1594:Styles
1564:Kurash
1532:Gouren
1485:Aikido
1424:Cradle
1313:Sprawl
1263:Bridge
1055:
1022:
897:
767:
660:
532:choke.
224:larynx
3028:Sambo
2936:Sambo
2918:Wushu
2821:Wushu
2801:Sambo
2746:Glima
2651:Wuxia
2433:MCMAP
2403:Arnis
2235:Sanda
2195:Dambe
2170:Bando
2150:shoot
2115:catch
2095:Sambo
1925:Throw
1915:Sweep
1893:Stomp
1843:Punch
1795:Korea
1783:Japan
1763:India
1753:China
1622:DohyĹŤ
1547:Sambo
1527:Glima
1449:Mount
1434:Guard
1328:Throw
1318:Sweep
1293:Hooks
813:(PDF)
564:Grips
516:hooks
397:Types
330:kappo
295:. In
287:, or
162:death
112:choke
91:sambo
79:Style
3013:Judo
2968:Judo
2893:Judo
2853:Judo
2793:Sumo
2736:BudĹŤ
2704:Judo
2125:folk
2105:Sumo
2065:Judo
2007:Kata
1950:Duel
1905:Hold
1878:Kick
1584:Sumo
1542:Judo
1520:Belt
1212:ADCC
1121:and
1053:ISSN
1020:ISSN
982:2016
956:2016
930:2023
895:PMID
860:2015
776:2015
765:PMID
658:ISBN
638:2006
319:and
307:and
297:judo
204:Judo
137:lit.
120:Judo
87:judo
43:NCIS
2145:oil
1125:,
887:doi
757:doi
539:or
427:by
378:by
226:or
97:AKA
3091::
2725:,
2487:/
1082:^
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712:.
701:,
683:^
646:^
620:^
289:gi
283:,
222:,
176:,
172:,
168:,
134:,
132:絞技
130::
122:,
114:,
110:,
106:A
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2392:/
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