115:
206:
1582:
102:
1565:
2235:
Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; FrĂœda, JiĆĂ; Hausdorf, Bernhard; Ponder, Winston; WaldĂ©s, Ăngel; WarĂ©n, Anders (2005). "Classification and
Nomenclator of Gastropod Families".
1327:
2445:
1991:
Philippe
Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander NĂŒtzel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017.
1349:
Stylommatophora contains the subclades
Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra. The term "informal group" has been used to indicate whenever
2484:
2589:
2168:
Salvador, Rodrigo B.; Silva, Fernanda S.; Cavallari, Daniel C.; Köhler, Frank; Slapcinsky, John; Breure, Abraham S. H. (2023-07-26). Zhang, Feng (ed.).
1962:
2419:
1338:. It uses unranked clades for taxa above the rank of superfamily (replacing the ranks suborder, order, superorder and subclass) and the traditional
295:
Rhytidoidea is apparently not a monophyletic group, but rather a collection of lineages from the southern hemisphere with unresolved relationships.
2458:
288:
The most up-to-date formal classification of
Stylommatophora is that of Bouchet et al. (2017). Continuously updated information may be found at
1789:
1768:
1960:
Albers from
Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)".
2055:
2556:
2070:"On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia"
2463:
114:
2471:
2068:
Jörger, Katharina M; Stöger, Isabella; Kano, Yasunori; Fukuda, Hiroshi; Knebelsberger, Thomas; Schrödl, Michael (2010).
2013:"Evolutionary relationships of euthyneuran gastropods (Mollusca): a cladistic re-evaluation of morphological characters"
1913:
1738:
1956:
Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family
Diapheridae, a new species of
2341:
2318:
1892:
1868:
280:
period up to the present day. A molecular clock estimate puts the origin of the crown group also to the
Cretaceous.
2398:
270:
2489:
2411:
2584:
1802:
649:
Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1898 (according to
Salvador et al. 2023, in Bouchet et al. classified in Orthalicoidea)
273:
of
Stylommatophora are a long pedal gland placed beneath a membrane and two pairs of retractile tentacles.
2258:
2520:
2346:
1687:
1226:
251:
2538:
1993:
1819:
258:) made of calcified mucus. They have two pairs of retractile tentacles, the upper pair of which bears
2499:
2367:
2305:
2296:
2181:
2081:
696:
234:
1900:
384:
2561:
1855:
1828:
1716:
361:
289:
1725:
1587:
1460:
1274:
1051:
714:
684:
109:
2525:
911:
299:
181:
2507:
2354:
2217:
2199:
2117:
2099:
2051:
1994:
Revised
Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families
1888:
1378:
1353:
has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be
1339:
205:
2548:
2512:
2450:
2207:
2189:
2107:
2089:
2024:
1970:
1880:
1708:
1569:
1262:
1075:
872:
818:
652:
584:
578:
1776:
1755:
1627:
1535:
1517:
1398:
1238:
1173:
1167:
1114:
1081:
1024:
1006:
860:
292:. The 2017 system already becomes obsolete in some parts due to new phylogenetic studies.
222:
2310:
2212:
2185:
2169:
2085:
1581:
2406:
2393:
2323:
2112:
2069:
1864:
1658:
1636:
1523:
1505:
1497:
1454:
1404:
1310:
1298:
1268:
1120:
1033:
1012:
985:
866:
806:
746:
740:
678:
646:
504:
489:
426:
402:
396:
210:
2578:
2170:"Molecular phylogeny of the Orthalicoidea land snails: Further support and surprises"
2029:
2012:
1974:
1876:
1810:
1734:
1466:
1436:
1430:
1304:
1286:
1232:
1126:
1105:
1039:
944:
898:
854:
848:
830:
782:
708:
666:
640:
634:
510:
495:
471:
432:
374:
368:
339:
324:
263:
59:
2359:
1797:
1683:
1442:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1205:
1199:
1146:
991:
956:
904:
884:
842:
788:
776:
702:
672:
563:
549:
543:
519:
483:
417:
411:
345:
306:
190:
101:
2194:
2476:
2432:
2290:
2237:
1998:
1846:
1668:
1654:
1645:
1621:
1592:
1472:
1423:
1410:
1392:
1385:
1331:
1292:
1280:
1250:
1152:
1132:
1099:
1018:
878:
728:
690:
628:
598:
569:
537:
525:
351:
330:
312:
166:
34:
1936:
1909:
1837:
1785:
1764:
1746:
1704:
1695:
1596:
1574:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1541:
1529:
1511:
1484:
1448:
1244:
1214:
1158:
997:
973:
967:
950:
938:
926:
836:
800:
770:
752:
734:
616:
604:
531:
465:
453:
444:
438:
277:
226:
156:
79:
44:
2281:
2203:
2103:
2094:
2380:
1674:
1490:
1478:
1350:
1335:
1220:
1187:
1093:
1087:
1066:
1060:
1045:
979:
932:
915:
Hylton Scott, 1952 (South America; placement following Salvador et al. 2023)
824:
812:
459:
318:
255:
240:
237:
126:
84:
2221:
2121:
2275:
1256:
1193:
764:
758:
622:
610:
477:
243:
146:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
2333:
1330:
based on evolutionary ancestry, Stylommatophora is a clade in the clade
1416:
89:
64:
2437:
794:
136:
2424:
2252:
2385:
254:, but some close their shell apertures with temporary "operculum" (
2533:
1580:
1563:
1346:
204:
2046:
Pek I., VaĆĄĂÄek Z., RoÄek Z., Hajn. V. & MikulĂĄĆĄ R. (1996).
247:
230:
2256:
259:
2372:
2135:
1328:
taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)
1547:(not in limacoid clade, but is within the Sigmurethra)
699:
Salvador & Breure, 2023 (see Salvador et al. 2023)
857:
A. J. Wagner, 1928 (Croatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina)
2265:
262:on the tentacle tips. All stylommatophorans are
1591:, a stylommatophoran land snail in the family
8:
1342:for all taxa below the rank of superfamily.
1235:Borrero, Sei, Robinson & Rosenberg, 2017
717:Jousseaume, 1877 (see Salvador et al. 2023)
246:. This taxon includes most land snails and
2253:
1987:
1985:
1983:
100:
20:
2211:
2193:
2111:
2093:
2028:
2017:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1963:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1947:, Vol. 2A. London, Academic Press, 49â97.
1943:. In: Fretter V. & Peake J. (eds).
1929:
414:Wiktor, Martin & Castillejo, 1990
420:Wiktor, Martin & Castillejo, 1990
7:
2539:03856462-956D-FFC2-FF77-FEE4FEB4791A
2500:c2df4c63-bc76-459f-aad1-5bb9ae7039e0
2412:0b5ecec4-e74b-49a7-b8e0-c24d2624aa4f
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2011:Dayrat, B; Tillier, S (2002-07-29).
2590:Extant Cretaceous first appearances
1941:Classification of the land Mollusca
1208:Robinson, Sei & Rosenberg, 2017
276:Stylommatophora are known from the
851:Kennard & B. B. Woodward, 1914
197:
14:
994:Wiktor & I. M. Likharev, 1979
2030:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00018.x
1975:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x
113:
1096:Gude & B. B. Woodward, 1921
1149:H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
1:
1155:H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
803:Harl & PĂĄll-Gergely, 2017
749:Harl & PĂĄll-Gergely, 2017
546:P. Fischer & Crosse, 1873
2195:10.1371/journal.pone.0288533
250:. Stylommatophorans lack an
1500:" (within the Sigmurethra)
1313:Strebel & Pfeffer, 1879
947:Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1898
2606:
1750:Gude & Woodward, 1921
894:infraorder Clausilioidei
662:infraorder Orthalicoidei
559:infraorder Succineoidei
196:
189:
110:Scientific classification
108:
99:
23:
2095:10.1186/1471-2148-10-323
2074:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2048:ZĂĄklady zoopaleontologie
1142:infraorder Oleacinoidei
724:infraorder Pupilloidei
1183:infraorder Helicoidei
594:infraorder Rhytidoidei
354:Panha & Naggs, 2010
1600:
1578:
1334:within informal group
922:infraorder Arionoidei
215:
2521:Paleobiology Database
1584:
1567:
214:(common garden snail)
208:
2407:Fauna Europaea (new)
2050:. Olomouc, 264 pp.,
1814:Albers-Martens, 1860
797:B. B. Woodward, 1903
540:F. G. Thompson, 2012
198:about 20,500 species
2186:2023PLoSO..1888533S
2086:2010BMCEE..10..323J
1901:Trigonochlamydoidea
1129:Godwin-Austen, 1888
16:Order of gastropods
1780:Bourguignat, 1877
1601:
1588:Trochulus hispidus
1579:
1461:Papillodermatoidea
1307:H. Nordsieck, 1987
1275:Sphincterochilidae
1265:H. Nordsieck, 1987
1259:Gittenberger, 1977
1202:H. Nordsieck, 1986
1170:H. B. Baker, 1925
1117:Bourguignat, 1877
1052:Trigonochlamydidae
685:Bothriembryontidae
429:Möllendorff, 1898
412:Papillodermatoidea
371:H. B. Baker, 1925
216:
2572:
2571:
2508:Open Tree of Life
2259:Taxon identifiers
2001:, 61(1-2): 1-526.
1917:
1905:
1896:
1889:Strophocheiloidea
1884:
1872:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1823:Moellendorf, 1900
1815:
1806:
1793:
1781:
1772:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1700:
1691:
1679:
1662:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1604:Previous taxonomy
1585:An individual of
1379:Athoracophoroidea
1340:Linnaean approach
1326:According to the
1283:C. Boettger, 1909
1217:Rafinesque, 1815
1176:H. B. Baker, 1925
1161:H. B. Baker, 1939
1123:Bourguignat, 1877
1102:H. B. Baker, 1928
1084:Möllendorff, 1890
1036:P. Fischer, 1856
643:H. B. Baker, 1930
581:P. Fischer, 1883
579:Athoracophoroidea
492:H. B. Baker, 1927
435:Möllendorff, 1898
418:Papillodermatidae
377:H. B. Baker, 1925
327:Bourguignat, 1883
321:H. B. Baker, 1955
225:of air-breathing
203:
202:
185:
30:CretaceousâRecent
2597:
2565:
2564:
2552:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2529:
2528:
2516:
2515:
2503:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2480:
2479:
2477:NBNSYS0000161071
2467:
2466:
2454:
2453:
2441:
2440:
2428:
2427:
2415:
2414:
2402:
2401:
2389:
2388:
2376:
2375:
2363:
2362:
2350:
2349:
2337:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2314:
2313:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2254:
2247:
2246:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2215:
2197:
2165:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2140:molluscabase.org
2132:
2126:
2125:
2115:
2097:
2065:
2059:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2008:
2002:
1989:
1978:
1954:
1948:
1934:
1912:
1903:
1891:
1879:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1820:Plectopylidoidea
1813:
1800:
1788:
1779:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1711:in Turnton, 1840
1707:
1698:
1686:
1677:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1570:Cepaea hortensis
1305:Trichodiscinidae
1263:Trissexodontidae
1223:Rafinesque, 1815
1168:Haplotrematoidea
1076:Trochomorphoidea
1042:P. Fischer, 1856
873:Truncatellinidae
855:Spelaeoconchidae
819:Odontocycladidae
681:P. Fischer, 1873
653:Strophocheilidae
587:P. Fischer, 1883
585:Athoracophoridae
180:
118:
117:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2585:Stylommatophora
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2560:
2555:
2547:
2545:
2537:
2532:
2524:
2519:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2496:
2488:
2483:
2475:
2470:
2462:
2457:
2449:
2444:
2436:
2431:
2423:
2418:
2410:
2405:
2397:
2392:
2384:
2379:
2371:
2366:
2358:
2353:
2345:
2340:
2332:
2330:
2324:Stylommatophora
2322:
2317:
2311:Stylommatophora
2309:
2304:
2297:Stylommatophora
2295:
2294:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2267:Stylommatophora
2261:
2251:
2250:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2180:(7): e0288533.
2167:
2166:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1990:
1981:
1955:
1951:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1777:Helixarionoidea
1756:Gastrodontoidea
1628:Achatinelloidea
1617:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1536:Helicarionoidea
1518:Gastrodontoidea
1422:informal group
1399:Achatinelloidea
1324:
1289:Schileyko, 1991
1239:Thysanophoridae
1174:Haplotrematidae
1115:Helicarionoidea
1082:Trochomorphidae
1027:Cockerell, 1891
1025:Pristilomatidae
1007:Gastrodontoidea
1000:Fitzinger, 1833
992:Boettgerillidae
988:H. Wagner, 1935
953:Cockerell, 1891
887:Fitzinger, 1833
875:Steenberg, 1925
863:Steenberg, 1925
861:Spelaeodiscidae
815:Steenberg, 1925
789:Draparnaudiidae
779:Steenberg, 1925
711:Schileyko, 1999
697:Cyclodontinidae
474:Cockerell, 1891
397:Coelociontoidea
333:Schileyko, 1999
331:Micractaeonidae
309:Swainson, 1840
286:
269:The two strong
219:Stylommatophora
179:
177:Stylommatophora
112:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
24:Stylommatophora
17:
12:
11:
5:
2603:
2601:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2553:
2543:
2530:
2517:
2504:
2494:
2481:
2468:
2455:
2442:
2429:
2416:
2403:
2394:Fauna Europaea
2390:
2377:
2364:
2351:
2338:
2328:
2315:
2302:
2287:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2249:
2248:
2227:
2151:
2136:"Molluscabase"
2127:
2060:
2036:
2023:(4): 403â470.
2003:
1979:
1949:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1906:
1897:
1885:
1873:
1865:Staffordioidea
1861:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1794:
1782:
1773:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1701:
1692:
1680:
1667:Subinfraorder
1665:
1664:
1663:
1651:
1642:
1637:Cochlicopoidea
1633:
1620:Subinfraorder
1605:
1602:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1524:Parmacelloidea
1520:
1514:
1508:
1506:Staffordioidea
1498:limacoid clade
1494:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1455:Testacelloidea
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1405:Cochlicopoidea
1401:
1395:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1311:Xanthonychidae
1308:
1302:
1299:Pleurodontidae
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1269:Helicodontidae
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1190:Pilsbry, 1895
1181:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1121:Helicarionidae
1111:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1034:Parmacelloidea
1030:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1013:Gastrodontidae
1003:
1002:
1001:
995:
989:
986:Agriolimacidae
983:
964:
963:
962:
961:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
920:
919:
918:
917:
916:
908:
892:
891:
890:
889:
888:
882:
876:
870:
867:Strobilopsidae
864:
858:
852:
846:
843:Pleurodiscidae
840:
834:
828:
822:
821:Hausdorf, 1996
816:
810:
807:Gastrocoptidae
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
747:Agardhiellidae
744:
741:Achatinellidae
738:
722:
721:
720:
719:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
682:
679:Amphibulimidae
676:
669:Martens, 1860
660:
659:
658:
657:
656:
650:
647:Odontostomidae
644:
638:
632:
631:Connolly, 1915
626:
620:
614:
608:
601:Pilsbry, 1893
592:
591:
590:
589:
588:
575:
574:
573:
557:
556:
555:
554:
553:
547:
541:
535:
529:
522:Pilsbry, 1898
516:
515:
514:
505:Testacelloidea
501:
500:
499:
493:
490:Helicodiscidae
487:
481:
475:
469:
463:
450:
449:
448:
442:
436:
427:Plectopyloidea
423:
422:
421:
408:
407:
406:
403:Coelociontidae
399:Iredale, 1937
391:incertae sedis
381:
380:
379:
378:
369:Scolodontoidea
358:
357:
356:
355:
349:
336:
335:
334:
328:
322:
316:
315:Swainson, 1840
285:
282:
271:synapomorphies
264:hermaphrodites
211:Cornu aspersum
201:
200:
194:
193:
187:
186:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
32:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2602:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
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2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2495:
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2486:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2456:
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2417:
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2378:
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2335:
2329:
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2320:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2056:80-7067-599-3
2053:
2049:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:Streptaxoidea
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1859:Pilsbry, 1895
1857:
1853:
1850:Pilsbry, 1893
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1832:Pilsbry, 1894
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1811:Orthalicoidea
1808:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:Clausilioidea
1732:
1729:Pilsbry, 1895
1727:
1723:
1720:Clessin, 1879
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1678:Pilsbry, 1895
1676:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1649:Pilsbry, 1900
1647:
1643:
1640:Pilsbry, 1900
1638:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1576:
1573:, within the
1572:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1467:Streptaxoidea
1464:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1437:Orthalicoidea
1434:
1432:
1431:Clausilioidea
1428:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1322:2005 taxonomy
1321:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1301:Ihering, 1912
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:Canariellidae
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:Pilsbry, 1895
1252:
1249:
1247:Pilsbry, 1895
1246:
1243:
1241:Pilsbry, 1926
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:Labyrinthidae
1231:
1229:Ihering, 1909
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1196:Pilsbry, 1895
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1135:Simroth, 1889
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:Ariophantidae
1125:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1106:Staffordiidae
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:Parmacellidae
1038:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1004:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
977:
976:Batsch, 1789
975:
971:
970:
969:
965:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
945:Ariolimacidae
943:
941:Pilsbry, 1948
940:
937:
934:
931:
930:
928:
924:
923:
921:
914:
913:
909:
906:
903:
902:
900:
899:Clausilioidea
896:
895:
893:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
849:Pyramidulidae
847:
844:
841:
839:Pilsbry, 1900
838:
835:
833:Pilsbry, 1924
832:
831:Pagodulinidae
829:
827:Pilsbry, 1918
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
809:Pilsbry, 1918
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
785:Pilsbry, 1900
784:
783:Cochlicopidae
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
755:Pilsbry, 1910
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
732:
731:Turton, 1831
730:
726:
725:
723:
716:
713:
710:
709:Simpulopsidae
707:
705:Pilsbry, 1904
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
687:Iredale, 1937
686:
683:
680:
677:
675:Martens, 1860
674:
671:
670:
668:
667:Orthalicoidea
664:
663:
661:
655:Pilsbry, 1902
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
641:Megomphicidae
639:
636:
635:Macrocyclidae
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
619:Conolly, 1915
618:
615:
613:Pilsbry, 1895
612:
609:
607:Pilsbry, 1893
606:
603:
602:
600:
596:
595:
593:
586:
583:
582:
580:
576:
571:
568:
567:
565:
561:
560:
558:
552:Pilsbry, 1946
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
534:Pilsbry, 1901
533:
530:
528:Pilsbry, 1898
527:
524:
523:
521:
517:
512:
511:Testacellidae
509:
508:
506:
502:
498:Pilsbry, 1939
497:
496:Oreohelicidae
494:
491:
488:
486:Pilsbry, 1895
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
472:Cystopeltidae
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
457:
455:
451:
446:
445:Sculptariidae
443:
441:Pilsbry, 1905
440:
437:
434:
433:Plectopylidae
431:
430:
428:
424:
419:
416:
415:
413:
409:
405:Iredale, 1937
404:
401:
400:
398:
394:
393:
392:
389:
388:
387:
386:
376:
375:Scolodontidae
373:
372:
370:
366:
365:
364:
363:
353:
350:
347:
344:
343:
341:
340:Streptaxoidea
337:
332:
329:
326:
325:Ferussaciidae
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
310:
308:
304:
303:
302:
301:
296:
293:
291:
284:2017 taxonomy
283:
281:
279:
274:
272:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:
239:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
213:
212:
207:
199:
195:
192:
188:
183:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
116:
111:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
2266:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2177:
2173:
2143:. Retrieved
2139:
2130:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2047:
2039:
2020:
2016:
2006:
1992:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1932:
1908:Superfamily
1899:Superfamily
1887:Superfamily
1875:Superfamily
1863:Superfamily
1856:Sagdidoidera
1854:Superfamily
1845:Superfamily
1836:Superfamily
1829:Polygyroidea
1827:Superfamily
1818:Superfamily
1809:Superfamily
1798:Oleacinoidea
1796:Superfamily
1784:Superfamily
1775:Superfamily
1763:Superfamily
1754:Superfamily
1745:Superfamily
1733:Superfamily
1724:Superfamily
1717:Buliminoidea
1715:Superfamily
1703:Superfamily
1694:Superfamily
1684:Achatinoidea
1682:Superfamily
1673:Superfamily
1653:Superfamily
1644:Superfamily
1635:Superfamily
1631:Gulick, 1873
1626:Superfamily
1586:
1568:
1557:Superfamily
1551:Superfamily
1546:
1540:Superfamily
1534:Superfamily
1528:Superfamily
1522:Superfamily
1516:Superfamily
1510:Superfamily
1504:Superfamily
1495:
1489:Superfamily
1483:Superfamily
1477:Superfamily
1471:Superfamily
1465:Superfamily
1459:Superfamily
1453:Superfamily
1447:Superfamily
1443:Achatinoidea
1441:Superfamily
1435:Superfamily
1429:Superfamily
1421:
1415:Superfamily
1409:Superfamily
1403:Superfamily
1397:Superfamily
1391:Superfamily
1383:
1377:Superfamily
1373:Succineoidea
1371:Superfamily
1366:Elasmognatha
1363:
1359:polyphyletic
1355:paraphyletic
1344:
1325:
1271:Kobelt, 1904
1213:superfamily
1206:Zachrysiidae
1200:Solaropsidae
1186:superfamily
1166:superfamily
1147:Oleacinoidea
1145:superfamily
1113:superfamily
1108:Thiele, 1931
1090:Thiele, 1931
1078:Mörch, 1864
1074:superfamily
1063:Mörch, 1864
1059:superfamily
1032:superfamily
1009:Tryon, 1866
1005:superfamily
982:Batsch, 1789
972:superfamily
957:Philomycidae
925:superfamily
910:
905:Clausiliidae
897:superfamily
885:Vertiginidae
777:Chondrinidae
767:Watson, 1920
743:Gulick, 1873
737:Turton, 1831
727:superfamily
703:Megaspiridae
673:Orthalicidae
665:superfamily
637:Thiele, 1926
625:Thiele, 1926
623:Clavatoridae
597:superfamily
577:superfamily
564:Succineoidea
562:superfamily
550:Holospiridae
544:Eucalodiidae
520:Urocoptoidea
518:superfamily
503:superfamily
484:Endodontidae
480:Thiele, 1931
468:Hutton, 1884
456:Morse, 1864
452:superfamily
447:Degner, 1923
425:superfamily
410:superfamily
395:superfamily
390:
382:
367:superfamily
362:Scolodontina
359:
346:Streptaxidae
338:superfamily
307:Achatinoidea
305:superfamily
297:
294:
290:MolluscaBase
287:
275:
268:
218:
217:
209:
176:
163:Superorder:
18:
2433:iNaturalist
2291:Wikispecies
2238:Malacologia
1999:Malacologia
1847:Rhytidoidea
1841:Morse, 1864
1759:Tryon, 1866
1726:Camaenoidea
1699:Baker, 1960
1669:Sigmurethra
1655:Pupilloidea
1646:Partuloidea
1622:Orthurethra
1595:within the
1593:Hygromiidae
1473:Rhytidoidea
1424:Sigmurethra
1411:Pupilloidea
1393:Partuloidea
1386:Orthurethra
1332:Eupulmonata
1295:Tryon, 1866
1293:Hygromiidae
1281:Geomitridae
1277:Zilch, 1960
1251:Polygyridae
1153:Oleacinidae
1133:Urocyclidae
1100:Euconulidae
1069:Mörch, 1864
1054:Hesse, 1882
1048:Ellis, 1926
1021:Hesse, 1927
1019:Oxychilidae
1015:Tryon, 1866
966:infraorder
929:Gray, 1840
901:Gray, 1855
881:Morse, 1864
879:Valloniidae
791:Solem, 1962
761:Hudec, 1965
729:Pupilloidea
715:Tomogeridae
693:Tryon, 1867
691:Bulimulidae
629:Dorcasiidae
599:Rhytidoidea
570:Succineidae
566:Beck, 1837
538:Epirobiidae
526:Urocoptidae
507:Gray, 1840
462:Morse, 1864
352:Diapheridae
342:Gray, 1860
313:Achatinidae
235:terrestrial
227:land snails
167:Eupulmonata
2579:Categories
2145:2023-08-23
2080:(1): 323.
2044:(in Czech)
1945:Pulmonates
1924:References
1910:Zonitoidea
1904:Hese, 1882
1838:Punctoidea
1790:Rafinesque
1786:Limacoidea
1769:Rafinesque
1765:Helicoidea
1747:Dyakioidea
1705:Arionoidea
1696:Aillyoidea
1597:Helicoidea
1575:Helicoidea
1559:Helicoidea
1553:Arionoidea
1542:Limacoidea
1530:Zonitoidea
1512:Dyakioidea
1485:Punctoidea
1449:Aillyoidea
1245:Camaenidae
1215:Helicoidea
1159:Spiraxidae
1061:Zonitoidea
998:Vitrinidae
974:Limacoidea
968:Limacoidei
959:Gray, 1847
951:Binneyidae
939:Anadenidae
935:Gray, 1840
927:Arionoidea
912:Pilsbrylia
907:Gray, 1855
869:Wenz, 1915
845:Wenz, 1923
837:Partulidae
801:Fauxulidae
773:Wenz, 1923
771:Cerastidae
753:Amastridae
735:Pupillidae
617:Caryodidae
605:Rhytididae
572:Beck, 1837
532:Cerionidae
513:Gray, 1840
466:Charopidae
454:Punctoidea
439:Corillidae
348:Gray, 1860
300:Achatinina
278:Cretaceous
182:A. Schmidt
157:Gastropoda
2204:1932-6203
2104:1471-2148
1881:J.E. Gray
1801:H. &
1709:J.E. Gray
1675:Acavoidea
1491:Sagdoidea
1479:Acavoidea
1351:monophyly
1336:Pulmonata
1227:Cepolidae
1221:Helicidae
1188:Sagdoidea
1094:Dyakiidae
1088:Chronidae
1067:Zonitidae
1046:Milacidae
980:Limacidae
933:Arionidae
825:Orculidae
813:Lauriidae
460:Punctidae
383:suborder
360:suborder
319:Aillyidae
298:suborder
256:epiphragm
252:operculum
241:gastropod
238:pulmonate
191:Diversity
133:Kingdom:
127:Eukaryota
2331:BioLib:
2276:Wikidata
2245:: 1â397.
2222:37494326
2213:10370776
2174:PLOS ONE
2122:20973994
1969:: 1-16.
1958:Diaphera
1939:(1978).
1937:Solem A.
1803:A. Adams
1688:Swainson
1257:Elonidae
1194:Sagdidae
765:Azecidae
759:Argnidae
611:Acavidae
478:Discidae
385:Helicina
244:molluscs
147:Mollusca
143:Phylum:
137:Animalia
123:Domain:
2282:Q972302
2182:Bibcode
2113:3087543
2082:Bibcode
1417:Enoidea
173:Order:
153:Class:
2549:425111
2546:uBio:
2526:312895
2513:844843
2497:NZOR:
2386:1STYLO
2220:
2210:
2202:
2120:
2110:
2102:
2054:
1916:, 1864
1895:, 1926
1893:Thiele
1883:, 1806
1871:, 1931
1869:Thiele
1805:, 1855
1792:, 1815
1771:, 1815
1741:, 1864
1690:, 1840
1661:, 1831
1659:Turton
1608:": -->
1384:clade
1364:clade
795:Enidae
221:is an
184:, 1855
2557:WoRMS
2534:Plazi
2464:76755
2451:10595
2446:IRMNG
2438:47485
2399:11419
2360:7NFGB
2347:85119
1914:Mörch
1739:Mörch
1347:clade
248:slugs
231:slugs
223:order
2490:6527
2485:NCBI
2459:ITIS
2425:1456
2420:GBIF
2381:EPPO
2373:2626
2342:BOLD
2334:2622
2218:PMID
2200:ISSN
2118:PMID
2100:ISSN
2052:ISBN
1610:edit
1345:The
260:eyes
229:and
35:Preê
2562:447
2472:NBN
2368:EoL
2355:CoL
2319:AFD
2306:ADW
2208:PMC
2190:doi
2108:PMC
2090:doi
2025:doi
2021:135
1971:doi
1967:160
1357:or
2581::
2559::
2536::
2523::
2510::
2487::
2474::
2461::
2448::
2435::
2422::
2409::
2396::
2383::
2370::
2357::
2344::
2321::
2308::
2293::
2278::
2243:47
2241:.
2216:.
2206:.
2198:.
2188:.
2178:18
2176:.
2172:.
2154:^
2138:.
2116:.
2106:.
2098:.
2088:.
2078:10
2076:.
2072:.
2019:.
2015:.
1997:.
1982:^
1361:.
266:.
233:,
85:Pg
2224:.
2192::
2184::
2148:.
2124:.
2092::
2084::
2058:.
2033:.
2027::
1977:.
1973::
1614:]
1599:.
1577:.
1496:"
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:ê
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