2351:
2243:"The nomenclatural types of the orders Acholeplasmatales, Halanaerobiales, Halobacteriales, Methanobacteriales, Methanococcales, Methanomicrobiales, Planctomycetales, Prochlorales, Sulfolobales, Thermococcales, Thermoproteales and Verrucomicrobiales are the genera Acholeplasma, Halanaerobium, Halobacterium, Methanobacterium, Methanococcus, Methanomicrobium, Planctomyces, Prochloron, Sulfolobus, Thermococcus, Thermoproteus and Verrucomicrobium, respectively. Opinion 79"
1411:
lysed after the induction of
Fuselloviridae production and eventually return to the lysogenic state. They are also unique in the sense that the genes encoding the structural proteins of the virus are constantly transcribed and DNA replication appears to be induced. The viruses infecting archaea like Sulfolobus have to use a strategy to escape prolonged direct exposure to the type of environment their host lives in, which may explain some of their unique properties.
63:
33:
1848:
Kawarabayasi, Y; Hino, Y; Horikawa, H; Jin-no, K; Takahashi, M; Sekine, M; Baba, S; Ankai, A; Kosugi, H; Hosoyama, A; Fukui, S; Nagai, Y; Nishijima, K; Otsuka, R; Nakazawa, H; Takamiya, M; Kato, Y; Yoshizawa, T; Tanaka, T; Kudoh, Y; Yamazaki, J; Kushida, N; Oguchi, A; Aoki, K; Masuda, S; Yanagii, M;
1289:
to the DNA damaging agents UV-irradiation, bleomycin or mitomycin C induced cellular aggregation. Other physical stressors, such as pH or temperature shift, did not induce aggregation, suggesting that induction of aggregation is caused specifically by DNA damage. Ajon et al. showed that UV-induced
1203:
can grow either lithoautotrophically by oxidizing sulfur, or chemoheterotrophically using sulfur to oxidize simple reduced carbon compounds. Heterotrophic growth has only been observed, however, in the presence of oxygen. The principle metabolic pathways are a glycolytic pathway, a pentose phosphate
377:
were identified. It showed that both species contained two origins in their genome. This was the first time that more than a single origin of DNA replication had been shown to be used in a prokaryotic cell. The mechanism of DNA replication in archaea is evolutionary conserved, and similar to that of
1410:
as protection against the harsh elements. This relationship allows the virus to replicate inside the archaea without being destroyed by the environment. The
Sulfolobus viruses are temperate or permanent lysogens. Permanent lysogens differ from lysogenic bacteriophages in that the host cells are not
1178:
has a circular chromosome as well but is slightly smaller with 2,694,756 bp. Both species lack the genes ftsZ and minD, which has been characteristic of sequenced
Crenarchaeota. They also code for citrate synthase and two subunits of 2-oxoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, which plays the same role as
1187:
has a TCA cycle system similar to that found in mitochondria of eukaryotes. Other genes in the respiratory chain which partake in the production of ATP were not similar to what is found in eukaryotes. Cytochrome c is one such example that plays an important role in electron transfer to oxygen in
382:
is now used as a model to study the molecular mechanisms of DNA replication in
Archaea. And because the system of DNA replication in Archaea is much simpler than that in Eukaryota, it was suggested that Archaea could be used as a model to study the much more complex DNA replication in Eukaryota.
1207:
All
Archaea have lipids with ether links between the head group and side chains, making the lipids more resistant to heat and acidity than bacterial and eukaryotic ester-linked lipids. The Sulfolobales are known for unusual tetraether lipids. In Sulfolobales, the ether-linked lipids are joined
1788:
She, Q; Singh, RK; Confalonieri, F; Zivanovic, Y; Allard, G; Awayez, MJ; Chan-Weiher, CC; Clausen, IG; Curtis, BA; De Moors, A; Erauso, G; Fletcher, C; Gordon, PM; Heikamp-de Jong, I; Jeffries, AC; Kozera, CJ; Medina, N; Peng, X; Thi-Ngoc, HP; Redder, P; Schenk, ME; Theriault, C; Tolstrup, N;
1269:. Sediments from ~90m below the seafloor on the Peruvian continental margin are dominated by intact archaeal tetraethers, and a significant fraction of the community is sedimentary archaea taxonomically linked to the crenarchaeal Sulfolobales (Sturt,
364:
P2, was published. In P2's genome, the genes related to chromosome replication were likewise found to be more related to those in eukaryotes. These genes include DNA polymerase, primase (including two subunits), MCM, CDC6/ORC1, RPA, RPC, and
1306:. This response may be a primitive form of sexual interaction, similar to the more well-studied bacterial transformation that is also associated with DNA transfer between cells leading to homologous recombinational repair of DNA damage.
1567:
1945:
1294:. Recombination rates exceeded those of uninduced cultures by up to three orders of magnitude. Wood et al. also showed that UV-irradiation increased the frequency of recombination due to genetic exchange in
1298:. Frols et al. and Ajon et al. hypothesized that the UV-inducible DNA transfer process and subsequent homologous recombinational repair represents an important mechanism to maintain chromosome integrity in
356:
involved in DNA replication, transcription, and translation were more related to their counterparts in eukaryotes than to those in other prokaryotes. In 2001, the first genome sequence of
1372:. It was proposed that Saci-1497 and Saci-1500 function in an homologous recombination-based DNA repair mechanism that uses transferred DNA as a template. Thus it is thought that the
2505:
1545:
462:
2479:
2518:
1571:
1520:
1508:
466:
2453:
1208:
covalently across the "bilayer," making tetraethers. Technically, therefore, the tetraethers form a monolayer, not a bilayer. The tetraethers help
2492:
1337:
encoded by this operon are employed in promoting cellular aggregation, which is necessary for subsequent DNA exchange between cells, resulting in
1449:
Dai, X; Wang, H; Zhang, Z; Li, K; Zhang, X; Mora-López, M; Jiang, C; Liu, C; Wang, L; Zhu, Y; Hernández-Ascencio, W; Dong, Z; Huang, L (2016).
2338:
2219:
2323:
Stetter, KO (1989). "Order III. Sulfolobales ord. nov. Family
Sulfolobaceae fam. nov.". In JT Staley; MP Bryant; N Pfennig; JG Holt (eds.).
326:
volcano. Other species can be found throughout the world in areas of volcanic or geothermal activity, such as geological formations called
1739:
Chen, L; Brügger, K; Skovgaard, M; Redder, P; She, Q; Torarinsson, E; Greve, B; Awayez, M; Zibat, A; Klenk, HP; Garrett, RA (July 2005).
2345:
476:
2342:
1685:
1180:
2279:; Brock KM; Belly RT; Weiss RL (1972). "Sulfolobus: a new genus of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria living at low pH and high temperature".
1251:. They thrive in environments where the temperature is about 80 °C with a pH at about 3 and sulfur present. Another species,
2544:
1425:
1455:
sp. A20 from Costa Rica and
Comparative Analyses of the Putative Pathways of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Metabolism in Various
1789:
Charlebois, RL; Doolittle, WF; Duguet, M; Gaasterland, T; Garrett, RA; Ragan, MA; Sensen, CW; Van der Oost, J (3 July 2001).
2497:
1946:"UV-inducible cellular aggregation of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus is mediated by pili formation"
1634:
2037:
Fröls S; White MF; Schleper C (February 2009). "Reactions to UV damage in the model archaeon
Sulfolobus solfataricus".
62:
1613:
2523:
1511:
1420:
1224:
879:
686:
400:
220:
211:
185:
165:
1188:
eukaryotes. This was also found in A. pernix K1. Since this step is important for an aerobic microorganism like
1717:
1690:
1663:
1377:
1365:
1338:
483:
229:
238:
2577:
2572:
202:
2367:
1430:
1990:"Genetic responses of the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to short-wavelength UV light"
193:
2549:
2427:
1802:
435:
1851:"Complete genome sequence of an aerobic thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon, Sulfolobus tokodaii strain7"
931:
798:
646:
629:
1253:
1021:
951:
598:
539:
323:
2304:
2140:
1369:
57:
1896:
2531:
2484:
2414:
2296:
2264:
2215:
2194:
2105:
2054:
2019:
1970:
1921:
1872:
1830:
1770:
1490:
1248:
1041:
2288:
2254:
2184:
2176:
2132:
2095:
2085:
2046:
2009:
2001:
1960:
1911:
1862:
1820:
1810:
1760:
1752:
1480:
1470:
1228:
446:
2536:
2405:
1402:
for protection. The viruses cannot survive in the extremely acidic and hot conditions that
2276:
2123:
Bernstein, H; Bernstein, C (2010). "Evolutionary Origin of
Recombination during Meiosis".
1192:, it probably uses a different molecule for the same function or has a different pathway.
84:
2241:
Judicial
Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (2005).
1806:
2189:
2164:
2100:
2073:
1765:
1740:
1485:
1450:
987:
832:
729:
556:
104:
2014:
1989:
352:, had been sequenced completely in 1996, it was found that the genes in the genome of
2566:
2005:
1965:
1916:
1825:
1790:
1756:
1361:
270:
266:
134:
2327:. Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co. p. 169.
2165:"DNA Processing Proteins Involved in the UV-Induced Stress Response of Sulfolobales"
2144:
1174:
has a circular chromosome that consists of 2,992,245 bp. Another sequenced species,
2308:
1353:
395:
347:
300:
157:
124:
114:
2419:
1897:"UV-inducible DNA exchange in hyperthermophilic archaea mediated by type IV pili"
1290:
cellular aggregation mediates chromosomal marker exchange with high frequency in
318:
are generally named after the location from which they were first isolated, e.g.
2466:
2399:
1741:"The genome of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, a model organism of the Crenarchaeota"
1330:
1258:
1151:
859:
703:
419:
292:
2390:
1795:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
296:
284:
1867:
1850:
1712:
1475:
2440:
2136:
1395:
1070:
515:
427:
423:
2268:
2198:
2109:
2090:
2058:
1974:
1925:
1876:
1834:
1815:
1774:
1494:
394:
proteins are of interest for biotechnology and industrial use due to their
2300:
2259:
2242:
2023:
1592:
410:. Intracellular proteins are not necessarily stable at low pH however, as
2384:
1658:
308:
2510:
2180:
1541:
1516:
1183:
in the TCA (tricarboxylic/Krebs/citric acid) cycle. This indicates that
2458:
2292:
2050:
1232:
450:
443:
406:
398:
nature. One application is the creation of artificial derivatives from
327:
274:
74:
2471:
414:
species maintain a significant pH gradient across the outer membrane.
1322:
1262:
1240:
1143:
431:
49:
2361:
1849:
Nishimura, M; Yamagishi, A; Oshima, T; Kikuchi, H (31 August 2001).
1791:"The complete genome of the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2"
2445:
1334:
1266:
1236:
438:
in which sulfur acts as the final electron acceptor. For example,
262:
2074:"Uniting sex and eukaryote origins in an emerging oxygenic world"
366:
94:
32:
2365:
2355:
1356:
III that nicks UV-damaged DNA; and another gene of the operon,
341:
as a model to study the molecular mechanisms of DNA replication
2432:
1895:
Ajon M; Fröls S; van Wolferen M; et al. (November 2011).
288:
1212:
species survive extreme acid as well as high temperature.
1944:
Fröls S; Ajon M; Wagner M; et al. (November 2008).
1546:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
463:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
2374:
1348:operon showed that one of the genes of the operon,
461:The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the
1988:Wood ER; Ghané F; Grogan DW (September 1997).
1572:National Center for Biotechnology Information
1521:National Center for Biotechnology Information
1046:Servín-Garcidueñas & Martínez-Romero 2014
467:National Center for Biotechnology Information
369:. In 2004, the origins of DNA replication of
8:
1380:provide a DNA damage response which rescues
1223:has been found in different areas including
2158:
2156:
2154:
2362:
2339:Comparative Analysis of Sulfolobus Genomes
2325:Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
31:
20:
2258:
2188:
2099:
2089:
2013:
1964:
1915:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1866:
1824:
1814:
1764:
1484:
1474:
2163:van Wolferen M, Ma X, Albers SV (2015).
1939:
1937:
1935:
471:
1441:
1257:, has been located in an acidic spa in
418:are metabolically dependent on sulfur:
7:
2210:Madigan M; Martinko J, eds. (2005).
1247:is located almost wherever there is
151:Brock, Brock, Belly & Weiss 1972
1013:
1006:
979:
923:
916:
851:
824:
817:
790:
782:
678:
671:
621:
614:
590:
531:
507:
500:
492:
14:
1406:lives in, and so the viruses use
1181:alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
307:cells are irregularly shaped and
287:with optimal growth occurring at
2214:(11th ed.). Prentice Hall.
2072:Gross J; Bhattacharya D (2010).
2006:10.1128/jb.179.18.5693-5698.1997
1966:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06459.x
1917:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07861.x
1757:10.1128/JB.187.14.4992-4999.2005
1426:Evolution of sexual reproduction
1162:str. 7 (2,694,756 nucleotides).
1158:P2 (2,992,245 nucleotides), and
345:When the first Archaeal genome,
61:
2212:Brock Biology of Microorganisms
1614:"LTP_all tree in newick format"
426:, their energy comes from the
295:of 75–80 °C, making them
1:
2247:Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol
1329:species is highly induced by
1196:Cell structure and metabolism
1204:pathway, and the TCA cycle.
1635:"LTP_06_2022 Release Notes"
1514:. Data extracted from the
1384:from DNA damaging threats.
1376:system in combination with
1343:Sulfolobales acidocaldarius
2596:
2352:Sulfolobus Genome Projects
330:, which are also known as
322:was first isolated in the
1517:"NCBI taxonomy resources"
1463:Frontiers in Microbiology
1421:Transformation (genetics)
1287:Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
1225:Yellowstone National Park
1067:
1035:
1018:
1011:
1004:
984:
977:
956:Sakai & Kurosawa 2018
948:
928:
921:
914:
880:Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
876:
856:
849:
829:
822:
815:
803:Sakai & Kurosawa 2017
795:
788:
726:
700:
687:Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
683:
676:
669:
643:
626:
619:
612:
595:
588:
553:
536:
529:
512:
505:
498:
482:53 marker proteins based
481:
474:
375:Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
181:
176:
166:Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
163:
156:
58:Scientific classification
56:
39:
30:
23:
1718:Genome Taxonomy Database
1691:Genome Taxonomy Database
1664:Genome Taxonomy Database
1574:(NCBI) taxonomy database
1476:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01902
1378:homologous recombination
1366:homologous recombination
1339:homologous recombination
1146:have been sequenced for
354:Methanococcus jannaschii
2356:Genomes OnLine Database
2137:10.1525/bio.2010.60.7.5
1745:Journal of Bacteriology
1659:"GTDB release 08-RS214"
1364:that is able to unwind
1283:Sulfolobus solfataricus
1172:Sulfolobus solfataricus
371:Sulfolobus solfataricus
362:Sulfolobus solfataricus
334:(plural of solfatara).
320:Sulfolobus solfataricus
40:Electron micrograph of
2091:10.1186/1745-6150-5-53
1868:10.1093/dnares/8.4.123
1816:10.1073/pnas.141222098
1451:"Genome Sequencing of
1431:List of Archaea genera
1368:intermediates such as
2260:10.1099/ijs.0.63548-0
1512:webpage on Sulfolobus
387:Role in biotechnology
1686:"ar53_r214.sp_label"
1566:Sayers; et al.
837:Kurosawa et al. 1998
436:cellular respiration
273:. It belongs to the
2235:Scientific journals
2181:10.1128/JB.00344-15
2039:Biochem. Soc. Trans
1807:2001PNAS...98.7835S
1277:DNA damage response
1150:DSM 639 (2,225,959
1075:Segerer et al. 1986
1022:Acidianus brierleyi
864:Segerer et al. 1991
540:Acidianus brierleyi
2293:10.1007/BF00408082
2051:10.1042/BST0370036
1370:Holliday junctions
1362:RecQ-like helicase
1341:. A study of the
2560:
2559:
2532:Open Tree of Life
2368:Taxon identifiers
2253:(Pt 1): 517–518.
2221:978-0-13-144329-7
1300:S. acidocaldarius
1296:S. acidocaldarius
1292:S. acidocaldarius
1259:Beppu Hot Springs
1249:volcanic activity
1148:S. acidocaldarius
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1056:
1055:
1047:
993:
992:Huber et al. 1989
966:
965:
957:
937:
903:
902:
894:
893:
885:
884:Brock et al. 1972
865:
838:
804:
777:
776:
768:
767:
759:
758:
750:
749:
741:
740:
715:
714:
658:
657:
577:
576:
568:
567:
453:intracellularly.
401:S. acidocaldarius
254:
253:
221:S. tengchongensis
212:S. neozealandicus
186:S. acidocaldarius
171:Brock et al. 1972
152:
2585:
2553:
2552:
2540:
2539:
2527:
2526:
2514:
2513:
2501:
2500:
2488:
2487:
2475:
2474:
2462:
2461:
2449:
2448:
2436:
2435:
2423:
2422:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2363:
2328:
2317:Scientific books
2312:
2272:
2262:
2225:
2203:
2202:
2192:
2160:
2149:
2148:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2103:
2093:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2017:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1968:
1950:
1941:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1901:
1892:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1828:
1818:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1768:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
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1682:
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1601:
1599:
1589:
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1579:
1563:
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1554:
1553:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1478:
1446:
1229:Mount St. Helens
1166:Genome structure
1074:
1045:
1014:
1007:
991:
980:
955:
936:Itoh et al. 2020
935:
924:
917:
883:
863:
852:
836:
825:
818:
802:
791:
783:
679:
672:
622:
615:
591:
532:
508:
501:
493:
472:
447:hydrogen sulfide
404:proteins, named
285:volcanic springs
283:species grow in
239:S. vallisabyssus
230:S. thuringiensis
150:
66:
65:
35:
21:
16:Genus of archaea
2595:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2548:
2543:
2535:
2530:
2522:
2517:
2509:
2504:
2496:
2491:
2483:
2478:
2470:
2465:
2457:
2452:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2426:
2418:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2370:
2335:
2322:
2319:
2281:Arch. Mikrobiol
2275:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2230:Further reading
2222:
2209:
2206:
2175:(18): 2941–51.
2162:
2161:
2152:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2045:(Pt 1): 36–41.
2036:
2035:
2031:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1933:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1884:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1801:(14): 7835–40.
1787:
1786:
1782:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1713:"Taxon History"
1711:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1642:
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1637:
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1628:
1618:
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1612:
1611:
1607:
1597:
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1577:
1575:
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1564:
1560:
1551:
1549:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1515:
1506:
1502:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1417:
1398:viruses infect
1393:
1391:as a viral host
1316:
1304:S. solfataricus
1279:
1243:to name a few.
1221:S. solfataricus
1218:
1198:
1168:
1156:S. solfataricus
1140:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1057:
967:
904:
895:
778:
769:
760:
751:
742:
716:
659:
578:
569:
475:16S rRNA based
459:
389:
343:
303:respectively.
172:
169:
149:
85:Proteoarchaeota
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2581:
2580:
2578:Thermoproteota
2575:
2573:Archaea genera
2565:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2541:
2528:
2515:
2502:
2489:
2476:
2463:
2450:
2437:
2424:
2411:
2396:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2349:
2334:
2333:External links
2331:
2330:
2329:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2273:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2220:
2205:
2204:
2150:
2131:(7): 498–505.
2115:
2064:
2029:
2000:(18): 5693–8.
1980:
1953:Mol. Microbiol
1931:
1904:Mol. Microbiol
1882:
1840:
1780:
1751:(14): 4992–9.
1731:
1704:
1677:
1650:
1626:
1605:
1584:
1558:
1532:
1500:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1392:
1386:
1331:UV irradiation
1315:
1308:
1278:
1275:
1217:
1214:
1197:
1194:
1167:
1164:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
988:Metallosphaera
983:
978:
976:
973:
972:
969:
968:
964:
963:
960:
959:
947:
944:
943:
940:
939:
932:Sulfuracidifex
927:
922:
920:
915:
913:
910:
909:
906:
905:
901:
900:
897:
896:
892:
891:
888:
887:
875:
872:
871:
868:
867:
855:
850:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
833:Sulfurisphaera
828:
823:
821:
816:
814:
811:
810:
807:
806:
799:Sulfodiicoccus
794:
789:
787:
786:Sulfolobaceae
781:
779:
775:
774:
771:
770:
766:
765:
762:
761:
757:
756:
753:
752:
748:
747:
744:
743:
739:
738:
735:
734:
730:Sulfurisphaera
725:
722:
721:
718:
717:
713:
712:
709:
708:
699:
696:
695:
692:
691:
682:
677:
675:
670:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
656:
655:
652:
651:
647:Sulfuracidifex
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
630:Sulfodiicoccus
625:
620:
618:
613:
611:
608:
607:
604:
603:
594:
589:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
575:
574:
571:
570:
566:
565:
562:
561:
557:Metallosphaera
552:
549:
548:
545:
544:
535:
530:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
511:
506:
504:
499:
497:
496:Sulfolobaceae
491:
488:
487:
480:
458:
455:
388:
385:
342:
336:
269:in the family
252:
251:
250:
249:
243:
234:
225:
216:
207:
198:
189:
179:
178:
174:
173:
170:
161:
160:
154:
153:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
105:Thermoproteota
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
54:
53:
52:. Bar = 1 μm.
44:infected with
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2591:
2590:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1959:(4): 938–52.
1958:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1910:(4): 807–17.
1909:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1861:(4): 123–40.
1860:
1856:
1852:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1559:
1547:
1543:
1540:J.P. Euzéby.
1536:
1533:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1352:, encodes an
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1170:The archaeon
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:The complete
1138:Genome status
1137:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
990:
989:
982:
981:
975:
974:
971:
970:
962:
961:
958:
954:
953:
952:Saccharolobus
946:
945:
942:
941:
938:
934:
933:
926:
925:
919:
918:
912:
911:
908:
907:
899:
898:
890:
889:
886:
882:
881:
874:
873:
870:
869:
866:
862:
861:
854:
853:
847:
846:
843:
842:
839:
835:
834:
827:
826:
820:
819:
813:
812:
809:
808:
805:
801:
800:
793:
792:
785:
784:
780:
773:
772:
764:
763:
755:
754:
746:
745:
737:
736:
733:
732:
731:
724:
723:
720:
719:
711:
710:
707:
706:
705:
698:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
688:
681:
680:
674:
673:
667:
666:
663:
662:
654:
653:
650:
649:
648:
641:
640:
637:
636:
633:
632:
631:
624:
623:
617:
616:
610:
609:
606:
605:
602:
601:
600:
599:Saccharolobus
593:
592:
586:
585:
582:
581:
573:
572:
564:
563:
560:
559:
558:
551:
550:
547:
546:
543:
542:
541:
534:
533:
527:
526:
523:
522:
519:
518:
517:
510:
509:
503:
502:
495:
494:
490:
489:
485:
478:
473:
470:
468:
464:
456:
454:
452:
448:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:heterotrophic
417:
413:
409:
408:
403:
402:
397:
393:
386:
384:
381:
376:
372:
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
349:
348:Methanococcus
340:
337:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
276:
272:
271:Sulfolobaceae
268:
267:microorganism
264:
260:
259:
247:
244:
241:
240:
235:
232:
231:
226:
223:
222:
217:
214:
213:
208:
205:
204:
203:S. mongibelli
199:
196:
195:
190:
188:
187:
183:
182:
180:
175:
168:
167:
162:
159:
155:
148:
147:
143:
140:
139:
136:
135:Sulfolobaceae
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
91:Superphylum:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
64:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2375:
2324:
2287:(1): 54–68.
2284:
2280:
2250:
2246:
2211:
2172:
2169:J. Bacteriol
2168:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2081:
2078:Biol. Direct
2077:
2067:
2042:
2038:
2032:
1997:
1994:J. Bacteriol
1993:
1983:
1956:
1952:
1907:
1903:
1858:
1855:DNA Research
1854:
1843:
1798:
1794:
1783:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1716:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1689:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1662:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1587:
1576:. Retrieved
1568:"Sulfolobus"
1561:
1550:. Retrieved
1542:"Sulfolobus"
1535:
1524:. Retrieved
1503:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1382:Sulfolobales
1381:
1373:
1360:, encodes a
1357:
1354:endonuclease
1349:
1345:
1342:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1281:Exposure of
1280:
1270:
1252:
1244:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1189:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1141:
1069:
1068:
1038:
1036:
1020:
1019:
986:
985:
950:
949:
930:
929:
878:
877:
858:
857:
831:
830:
797:
796:
728:
727:
702:
701:
685:
684:
645:
644:
628:
627:
597:
596:
555:
554:
538:
537:
514:
513:
465:(LPSN) and
460:
442:is known to
439:
416:Sulfolobales
415:
411:
405:
399:
396:thermostable
391:
390:
379:
378:eukaryotes.
374:
370:
361:
357:
353:
346:
344:
338:
331:
319:
315:
313:
304:
301:thermophiles
293:temperatures
280:
279:
257:
256:
255:
245:
237:
228:
219:
210:
201:
192:
184:
164:
158:Type species
145:
144:
125:Sulfolobales
115:Thermoprotei
45:
41:
24:
18:
2467:iNaturalist
2400:Wikispecies
1254:S. tokodaii
1176:S. tokodaii
1160:S. tokodaii
1152:nucleotides
860:Stygiolobus
704:Stygiolobus
440:S. tokodaii
424:autotrophic
314:Species of
297:acidophiles
2567:Categories
2511:sulfolobus
2406:Sulfolobus
2376:Sulfolobus
2346:IMG system
2125:BioScience
1578:2021-05-15
1552:2021-05-15
1526:2007-03-19
1457:Sulfolobus
1453:Sulfolobus
1437:References
1408:Sulfolobus
1404:Sulfolobus
1400:Sulfolobus
1389:Sulfolobus
1327:Sulfolobus
1245:Sulfolobus
1210:Sulfolobus
1201:Sulfolobus
1190:Sulfolobus
1185:Sulfolobus
412:Sulfolobus
392:Sulfolobus
380:Sulfolobus
358:Sulfolobus
350:jannaschii
339:Sulfolobus
316:Sulfolobus
305:Sulfolobus
281:Sulfolobus
258:Sulfolobus
246:Sulfolobus
146:Sulfolobus
95:TACK group
46:Sulfolobus
42:Sulfolobus
25:Sulfolobus
1593:"The LTP"
1396:Lysogenic
1358:saci-1500
1350:saci-1497
1273:, 2004).
1071:Acidianus
516:Acidianus
486:08-RS214
479:_06_2022
457:Phylogeny
428:oxidation
332:solfatare
324:Solfatara
309:flagellar
194:S. beitou
81:Kingdom:
2391:Q1209791
2385:Wikidata
2277:Brock TD
2269:15653928
2199:26148716
2145:86663600
2110:20731852
2059:19143598
1975:18990182
1926:21999488
1877:11572479
1835:11427726
1775:15995215
1507:See the
1495:27965637
1469:: 1902.
1459:Strains"
1415:See also
1042:Aramenus
407:affitins
328:mud pots
291:2–3 and
277:domain.
177:Species
131:Family:
101:Phylum:
71:Domain:
2485:1022934
2459:1000050
2309:9204044
2301:4559703
2190:4542170
2101:2933680
2024:9294423
1803:Bibcode
1766:1169522
1486:5127849
1333:. The
1233:Iceland
1216:Ecology
1144:genomes
469:(NCBI)
451:sulfate
444:oxidize
434:and/or
275:archaea
248:sp. A20
141:Genus:
121:Order:
111:Class:
75:Archaea
2550:559458
2498:951581
2472:196672
2446:1SULFG
2354:(from
2307:
2299:
2267:
2218:
2197:
2187:
2143:
2108:
2098:
2084:: 53.
2057:
2022:
2015:179455
2012:
1973:
1924:
1875:
1833:
1823:
1773:
1763:
1724:10 May
1697:10 May
1670:10 May
1643:10 May
1619:10 May
1598:10 May
1548:(LPSN)
1493:
1483:
1323:operon
1314:operon
1271:et al.
1263:Kyushu
1241:Russia
1239:, and
432:sulfur
48:virus
2545:WoRMS
2537:98116
2480:IRMNG
2433:97597
2343:DOE's
2305:S2CID
2141:S2CID
1949:(PDF)
1900:(PDF)
1826:35428
1638:(PDF)
1267:Japan
1237:Italy
263:genus
261:is a
50:STSV1
2524:2284
2519:NCBI
2506:LPSN
2493:ITIS
2454:GBIF
2441:EPPO
2420:7Q94
2341:(at
2297:PMID
2265:PMID
2216:ISBN
2195:PMID
2106:PMID
2055:PMID
2020:PMID
1971:PMID
1922:PMID
1873:PMID
1831:PMID
1771:PMID
1726:2023
1699:2023
1672:2023
1645:2023
1621:2023
1600:2023
1509:NCBI
1491:PMID
1335:pili
1318:The
1310:The
1302:and
484:GTDB
373:and
367:PCNA
299:and
2428:EoL
2415:CoL
2289:doi
2255:doi
2185:PMC
2177:doi
2173:197
2133:doi
2096:PMC
2086:doi
2047:doi
2010:PMC
2002:doi
1998:179
1961:doi
1912:doi
1863:doi
1821:PMC
1811:doi
1761:PMC
1753:doi
1749:187
1481:PMC
1471:doi
1374:ups
1346:ups
1325:of
1320:ups
1312:ups
1285:or
1154:),
1039:Ca.
477:LTP
449:to
430:of
422:or
265:of
2569::
2547::
2534::
2521::
2508::
2495::
2482::
2469::
2456::
2443::
2430::
2417::
2402::
2387::
2303:.
2295:.
2285:84
2283:.
2263:.
2251:55
2249:.
2245:.
2193:.
2183:.
2171:.
2167:.
2153:^
2139:.
2129:60
2127:.
2104:.
2094:.
2080:.
2076:.
2053:.
2043:37
2041:.
2018:.
2008:.
1996:.
1992:.
1969:.
1957:70
1955:.
1951:.
1934:^
1920:.
1908:82
1906:.
1902:.
1885:^
1871:.
1857:.
1853:.
1829:.
1819:.
1809:.
1799:98
1797:.
1793:.
1769:.
1759:.
1747:.
1743:.
1715:.
1688:.
1661:.
1570:.
1544:.
1519:.
1489:.
1479:.
1465:.
1461:.
1265:,
1261:,
1235:,
1231:,
1227:,
1044:"
360:,
311:.
289:pH
2358:)
2348:)
2311:.
2291::
2271:.
2257::
2224:.
2201:.
2179::
2147:.
2135::
2112:.
2088::
2082:5
2061:.
2049::
2026:.
2004::
1977:.
1963::
1928:.
1914::
1879:.
1865::
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