336:
320:
51:
33:
263:, with there being four distinguishable sterile worker castes. The two largest castes are male and have heavily sclerotized heads ranging from brown to yellowish. The two smallest are female and have white unsclerotized heads of different sizes. Spines on the thoracic nota are present, although not as conspicuous as in the soldiers.
275:
soldiers, have a very short to completely absent frontal tube (nasus) on the head. Young colonies of some species have forma prima (first form) soldiers which are significantly smaller and morphologically distinct from soldiers of mature colonies. The soldiers of some
Syntermes species are amongst
313:
is mostly the same width as the head although sometimes a bit larger or narrower and mostly flat, and the fontanelle is often circular and large. The wings are long, somewhat narrow and often heavily sclerotized.
319:
266:
The soldier caste is mostly monomorphic and likely develops from the largest male worker caste, which molts into a presoldier, and then into the terminal soldier molt. Soldiers have prominent spines on the
693:
299:
have 19-21 antenna articles (antennomeres), the same number as workers. The head is generally round, with the compound eyes and ocelli generally being proportionally smaller than the head capsule. The
199:
Most known species forage in the open and collect either leaf or grass litter which is stored in subterranean chambers for later consumption. The nests are primarily subterranean with epigeal
829:
597:
Paoletti, M. G.; Buscardo, E.; Vanderjagt, D. J.; Pastuszyn, A.; Pizzoferrato, L.; Huang, Y.-S.; Chuang, L.-T.; Glew, R. H.; Millson, M.; Cerda, H. (March 2003).
855:
698:
Constantino, R. 1995. Revision of the neotropical genus
Syntermes Holmgren (Isoptera: Termitidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 55(13):455-518.
803:
531:
Araujo, RL 1970. Termites of the
Neotropical region. pp. 527-576 In: K. Krishna; FM Weesner, Biology of termites. Vol. 2. New York: Academic Press.
842:
701:
Emerson, A.E. 1945. The neotropical genus
Syntermes (Isoptera: Termitidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83(7):427-472.
40:
Syntermes spinosus colony with queen pictured, from the
Amazonas region of Brazil. The colony has evacuated the nest likely due to flooding.
217:. The mounds in this complex average 2.5 meters tall and 9 meters wide and are estimated to be as old as 4,000 years. Large species such as
901:
710:
Mathews, A.G.A. 1977. Studies on
Termites from the Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Río de Janeiro: Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 267 pp.
209:, construct highly impressive mounds with the most well known being found in a large complex of mounds spanning an area the size of
704:
Holmgren, N. 1909. Termitenstudien 1. Anatomische untersuchungen. Kungliga
Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 44(3):1-215.
335:
235:, where they fish the soldiers out via a stick. A few species are known to cause some damage to cultivated plants like young
847:
522:
Holmgren, N. 1909. Termite
Studies. 1. Anatomical Studies. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 44 (3): 1-215.
325:
Syntermes aculeosus worker, imago, and soldier illustrated along with mandibles and corresponding anatomical terminology.
688:
583:
751:
300:
599:"Nutrient content of termites(syntermes soldiers) consumed bymakiritare amerindians of the altoorinoco of Venezuela"
860:
50:
228:
646:"Occurrence, body mass and biomass of Syntermes spp. (Isoptera: Termitidae) in Reserva Ducke, Central Amazonia"
214:
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404:
205:
896:
45:
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177:
162:
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32:
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614:
584:"Huge 4,000-year-old termite mounds visible via satellite | Earth | EarthSky"
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554:"Revision of the Neotropical termite genus Syntermes Holmgren (Isoptera: Termitidae)"
210:
173:
169:
132:
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where members are distributed widely throughout the continent, being found from the
769:
282:
obtaining an average dry bodyweight of 51.0±1.7 mg, comparable to the largest
598:
742:
622:
816:
662:
645:
284:
553:
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structures built from loose dirt of varying compactness. Some species, such as
707:
Holmgren, N. 1910a. Das system der termiten. Zoologischer
Anzeiger 35:284-286.
305:
236:
224:
165:
122:
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569:
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102:
82:
62:
736:
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181:
808:
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112:
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72:
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223:
are eaten in some indigenous cultures; for example in the
726:
276:the largest of all termites, with the soldiers of
8:
714:
31:
20:
661:
558:The University of Kansas Science Bulletin
303:is not heavily inflated such as in other
644:MARTIUS, Christopher (September 1998).
515:
315:
552:Constantino, Reginaldo (1995-11-10).
7:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
14:
259:Workers of this genus are highly
318:
49:
1:
603:Ecology of Food and Nutrition
172:. The genus is found only in
623:10.1080/036702403902-2255177
663:10.1590/1809-43921998283324
923:
902:Animals described in 1802
46:Scientific classification
44:
39:
30:
23:
391:Syntermes chaquimayensis
271:, and unlike most other
694:Nomenclator Zoologicus
398:Syntermes crassilabrum
370:Syntermes brevimalatus
343:
489:Syntermes tanygnathus
475:Syntermes praecellens
338:
168:within the subfamily
461:Syntermes parallelus
433:Syntermes magnoculus
363:Syntermes bolivianus
178:tropical rainforests
161:is a genus of large
615:2003EcoFN..42..177P
586:. 28 November 2018.
426:Syntermes longiceps
419:Syntermes insidians
384:Syntermes cearensis
349:Syntermes aculeosus
220:Syntermes aculeosus
215:northeastern Brazil
503:Syntermes wheeleri
496:Syntermes territus
482:Syntermes spinosus
468:Syntermes peruanus
440:Syntermes molestus
356:Syntermes barbatus
344:
279:Syntermes spinosus
194:Northern Argentina
884:
883:
869:Open Tree of Life
720:Taxon identifiers
454:Syntermes obtusus
412:Syntermes grandis
154:
153:
150:
16:Genus of termites
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377:Syntermes calvus
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148:
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684:Termite Catalog
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447:Syntermes nanus
405:Syntermes dirus
342:mound in Brazil
340:Syntermes dirus
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323:
257:
206:Syntermes dirus
166:higher termites
147:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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907:Termite genera
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650:Acta Amazonica
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609:(2): 177–191.
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255:Identification
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170:Syntermitinae
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231:province of
229:Alto Orinoco
218:
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157:
156:
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143:
142:
109:Infraorder:
24:
18:
817:iNaturalist
564:: 455–518.
301:postclypeus
288:species of
285:Macrotermes
261:polymorphic
163:Neotropical
129:Subfamily:
891:Categories
656:(3): 319.
510:References
306:Termitidae
237:Eucalyptus
225:Makiritare
123:Termitidae
83:Arthropoda
897:Syntermes
743:Q16637165
728:Syntermes
672:0044-5967
631:0367-0244
570:0022-8850
245:sugarcane
233:Venezuela
158:Syntermes
144:Syntermes
103:Blattodea
69:Kingdom:
63:Eukaryota
25:Syntermes
737:Wikidata
311:pronotum
186:savannas
182:Colombia
119:Family:
113:Isoptera
79:Phylum:
73:Animalia
59:Domain:
835:1289910
809:4298961
783:2636680
611:Bibcode
331:Species
297:imagoes
241:peanuts
227:in the
184:to the
139:Genus:
99:Order:
93:Insecta
89:Class:
874:669971
861:377768
848:650453
822:548075
796:1SYNTG
757:201660
689:en ION
670:
629:
568:
309:. The
290:Africa
190:Brazil
830:IRMNG
770:8NZQK
201:mound
856:NCBI
843:ITIS
804:GBIF
791:EPPO
752:BOLD
668:ISSN
627:ISSN
566:ISSN
295:The
249:yams
247:and
192:and
778:EoL
765:CoL
658:doi
619:doi
213:in
188:of
180:of
893::
871::
858::
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832::
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739::
666:.
654:28
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648:.
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617:.
607:42
605:.
601:.
562:55
560:.
556:.
536:^
292:.
251:.
243:,
239:,
196:.
674:.
660::
633:.
621::
613::
572:.
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