Tagalog people - Knowledge (XXG)

3382: 386: 1128:, as much of Nueva Ecija used to be a vast rainforest where numerous nomadic ethnic groups stayed and left; and west Bataan and south Zambales, as the Tagalogs already migrated and settled there before Spanish rule. Tagalogs were minority of the residents in west Bulacan, Navotas, & Tondo before Spanish arrival. When the polities of Tondo and Maynila fell due to the Spanish, the Tagalog-majority areas grew through Tagalog migrations in portions of Central Luzon and north Mimaropa as a Tagalog migration policy was implemented by Spain. When the province of Bataan was established on January 11, 1757 out of territories belonging to 3517: 582: 1097: 3397: 3367: 1242: 2385: 2934:) takes a young apprentice, and the young apprentice starts off assisting the blacksmith in the forging process, as well as scabbard making, until they are well-equipped to start their own forge. In the 21st century, bladesmthing, hilt and scabbard making can be done in the forge by blacksmiths, although blacksmiths can also not make scabbards and can delegate the task to craftsmen (either woodworkers or leatherworkers) who specialize in scabbard making. There are also specialized craftsmen who make 363: 719: 1364:. In 1959, the language was further renamed as "Pilipino". The 1973 constitution designated the Tagalog-based "Pilipino", along with English, as an official language and mandated the development and formal adoption of a common national language to be known as Filipino. The 1987 constitution designated Filipino as the national language mandating that as it evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. 2077:, is not very ingenious or rich in tone, it is by no means disagreeable, and to them is most pleasing. They play it with such vivacity and skill that they seem to make human voices issue from its four metallic cords. We also have it on good authority that by merely playing these instruments they can, without opening their lips, communicate with one another, and make themselves perfectly understood – a thing unknown of any other nation..." (Chirino 1604a: 241). 2406: 1389:(which consisted of Aurora, Calabarzon and Mimaropa) as the reasons of heavy Tagalog migration resulting the widespread of the Tagalog language as the main lingua franca—since the Spanish colonial era when a migration policy was implemented to Tagalogs. American colonial and postwar eras extended the Tagalog diaspora to Palawan and Mindanao seeking various economic opportunities, mainly agriculture. Among the Tagalog settlements in Mindanao is 84: 3277: 2335: 1896: 2255: 3636: 1328: 2843: 1624: 879: 2876: 2865: 3773: 3758: 1145:

lands to the newly arrived Tagalog settlers and others intermarried with and assimilated to the Tagalog, which made Bulacan and Nueva Ecija dominantly Tagalog, many of the Tagalog settlers arrived in Nueva Ecija directly from Bulacan; also, the sparsely populated valley of the Zambales region was later settled by migrants, largely from the

2854: 3009:– literally, "shrimp/lobster snout". This short sword is also one of the more common blade profiles among Tagalogs. The definitive false edge at the spine that starts midway through the blade, slightly bends downwards to the tip. Its blade profile can also have subtle differences depending on the blacksmith. Sometimes it is also called 563:(lit. "those from the beginning"), of which contact with the Kapampangans was most intensive. After this, the original settlers moved northward: Kapampangans moved to modern Tondo, Navotas, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, Pampanga, south Tarlac, and east Bataan, and Sambals to the modern province of Zambales, in turn, displacing the 3497: 998:, and traders from the rest of the Philippine archipelago alike all conducted business in Maynila, and to a lesser extent along the Batangas and Mindoro coasts. However, in a broader scope of Southeast Asian trade the bayan served a niche regional market comparable to smaller trade towns in Borneo, Sulawesi, and Maluku. 617:(bondsmen, slaves, debt peons) have almost identical cognates in Visayan, Sulu, and Mindanawon societies. Most barangays were networked almost exclusively by sea traffic, while smaller scale inland trade was typified as lowlander-highlander affairs. Barangays, like other Philippine settlements elsewhere, practiced 1193:. Subsequent postwar eras also saw Tagalog migrations to those islands in vast numbers due to various economic opportunities, especially agriculture (Tagalogs already settled Mindoro during Spanish territorial rule). Tagalog migrations to Mindoro and Palawan are the reason for making the two areas part of 1346:

in 1897. In 1935, the Philippine constitution designated English and Spanish as official languages but mandated the development and adoption of a common national language based on one of the existing native languages. After study and deliberation, the National Language Institute, a committee composed

2941:

There are few descriptions on what pre-colonial Tagalog blades looked like, and their specific shapes and the materials used. The ones that survived to this day are from the Spanish colonial era. They demonstrate the use of wood or carabao horn for hilts. Laminated blades were also found, albeit not

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The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 - Explorations by Early Navigators, Descriptions of the Islands and Their Peoples, Their History and Records of the Catholic Missions, as Related in Contemporaneous Books and Manuscripts, Showing the Political, Economic, Commercial and Religious Conditions of Those

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In modern-day Tagalog regions, there are several types of blade profiles that persisted in rural areas. These blades may differ on nomenclature, shapes, and other designs, but nevertheless the general terms and materials are fairly consistent among different Tagalog provinces. Some of these are the

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In the 21st century, there are still thriving bladesmithing traditions in the rural parts of Rizal, Laguna, Mindoro, Marinduque and Quezon provinces. Bataan, Bulacan and Cavite blacksmiths mainly concentrate on mass-produced and cheaper blades that are normally sold in Sunday markets and shipped to

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The Tagalog people were also crafters. The katolanan of each barangay is the bearer of arts and culture, and usually trains crafters if none are living in the barangay. If the barangay has many skilled crafters, they teach their crafts to gifted students. Notable crafts made by ancient Tagalogs are

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The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803; explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those

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happened in 1762, when many Tagalog refugees from Manila and north areas of Cavite escaped to Bulacan and to neighboring Nueva Ecija, where the original Kapampangan settlers welcomed them; Bulacan and Nueva Ecija were natively Kapampangan when Spaniards arrived; majority of Kapampangans sold their

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Tagalog cuisine is not defined ethnically or in centralized culinary institutions, but instead by town, province, or even region with specialized dishes developed largely at homes or various kinds of restaurants. Nonetheless, there are fundamental characteristics largely shared with most of the

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about the naming customs of Tagalogs from the pre-colonial times up to the early decades of the Spanish colonial era. Colin mentioned that Tagalog infants were given names as soon as they were born, and that it was the mother's business to give them names. Generally, the name was taken from the

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Tagalog and other Philippine histories in general are highly speculative before the 10th century, primarily due to lack of written sources. Most information on precolonial Tagalog culture is documented by observational writings by early Spanish explorers in the mid-16th century, alongside few

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is a pre-colonial cube-shaped house. It is made of prefabricated wooden or bamboo siding (explaining the cube shape), and raised on thick wooden stilts to make feeding animals with disposed food waste easier and to avoid flooding during the wet season and hot soil during the dry season. The

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In polite and affectionate intercourse, are very extravagant, addressing letters to each other in terms of elaborate and delicate expressions of affection, and neat turns of thought. As a result of this, they are much given to musical practice; and although the guitar that they use, called

4693: 852:. Ma-i had close trade relations with the Song, directly importing manufactured wares, iron, and jewelry and retailing to "other islands," evident of earlier possible Tagalog predominance of reselling Chinese goods throughout the rest of the Philippine islands before its explicit role by 510:

reconstructed the origins and prehistory of the Tagalog people based on linguistic evidence. According to Zorc, the prehistory of the Tagalogs began slightly more than one thousand years ago, when the Tagalog language first emerged as a separate speech variety. Tagalog is classified as a

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boats, fans, agricultural materials, livestock instruments, spears, arrows, shields, accessories, jewelries, clothing, houses, paddles, fish gears, mortar and pestles, food utensils, musical instruments, bamboo and metal wears for inscribing messages, clay wears, toys, and many others.

3617:. The old Tagalog-speaking Kingdom of Maynila was ruled as a Muslim kingdom, Islam was prominent enough in coastal areas of Tagalog region that Spaniards mistakenly called them "Moros" due to abundance of indications of practicing Muslim faith and their close association with Brunei. 3221:, semi-stone material with a hard and fine-grained (typically unglazed) appearance in a brown, buff or brick-red color. Vases, small jars, bottles and goblets found in archaeological sites in Manila, Cavite and Mindoro were described by Beyer and others as fluted, combed and incised. 1503:

child's circumstances at the time of birth. In his work, Colin gave an example of how names were given: "For example, Maliuag, which means 'difficult', because of the difficulty of the birth; Malacas, which signifies 'strong', for it is thought that the infant will be strong."

2966:. Traditional blacksmithing of long blades in Batangas has largely died out and intricate pieces are only preserved as heirlooms, as most longer blades have shifted into the more plain-looking farm implements similar to those in the neighboring Cavite. On the other hand, 3903:. Tagalog-speaking provinces can vary greatly in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar based on the specific region or province. These provincial dialects may retain more preserved native vocabulary and grammatical structures unfamiliar in Metro Manila. 4140: 1153:, leading to the assimilation of Sambals to the Tagalog and Ilocano settlers and to the modern decline in the Sambal identity and language. The same situation happened in modern north Quezon and modern Aurora, where it was repopulated by settlers from 4998:

These people (Ilongot) scattered rancherias toward Baler and sustain trading relations with the Tagalog of that town, but are hostile with the Ilongot of Nueva Vizcaya jurisdiction... It may be that these Ilongot communicate with the Tagalog town of

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are the historical and regional native homelands of the Tagalogs, while Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Mindoro and Palawan comprise the majority of the Tagalog population—the two latter became the part of the now-defunct region of

464:, escaping the tyranny of their Bornean overlord, Rajah Makatunaw. Sometime later, three datus (Kalengsusu, Puti, and Dumaksol) sailed back from Panay to Borneo, then intended to make return for Panay before blowing off course further north to the 4686: 5525: 3612:

A few Tagalogs practice Islam, mostly by former Christians either by study abroad or contact with Moro migrants from the southern Philippines. By the early 16th century, some Tagalogs (especially merchants) were Muslim due to their links with

3228:. At least three defunct kilns were discovered in the vicinity of the Pasig River. Analyses of the patterns reveal that these were replicated from the style found in European wares and assumed to be intended for the elite market due to the 3035:

where many of its traditional craftsmen are based. It is one of the most popular traditional blades in the country, popular in media, and has gained notoriety as a preferred weapon by thugs and criminals. Traditional blade profiles are the

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as well as other large cities and towns in Mindanao have sizeable Tagalog-speakers, making that language a secondary lingua franca after Hiligaynon and Cebuano, respectively, relatively because of recent migrations from Luzon and Samar.

2527:(coal) which is used for heating, San Buenaventura further elaborates that this is a specific type of coal, one that "cannot melt the Chinese gold or silver with", it is used for reduction or addition sequences. Raw materials are called 1595:

In Tagalog society, it was considered distasteful and embarrassing to explicitly mention one another among themselves by their own names alone; adding something was seen as an act of courtesy. This manifested in the practice of adding

658:, were typically larger than most Philippine polities due to a largely flat geography of their environment hosting extensive irrigated rice agriculture (then a prestigious commodity) and particularly close trade relations with 1230:(Spain's Viceroyalty in North America). More Filipino sailors arrived along the California coast when both places were part of the Spanish Empire. By 1763, "Manila men" or "Tagalas" had established a settlement called 4132: 4039:(Muslim Mindanaoans) languages and dialects fluently as their native languages and speak Tagalog as their second language already due to assimilation to the majority society that speak these languages in the island. 1351:

then, on December 30, 1937, proclaimed the selection of the Tagalog language to be used as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. Quezon himself was born and raised in

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delta, ruled by his heirs as a satellite. Subsequently, Bruneian influence spread elsewhere around Manila Bay, present-day Batangas, and coastal Mindoro through closer trade and political relations, with a growing

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of speakers of various Tagalog dialects. As English spread throughout the country, the language acquired new forms, features, and functions. It has also developed into a language of aspiration for many Filipinos.

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before the first child's name. For those people of influence but without children, their relatives and acquaintances would throw a banquet where a new name would be given to the person; this new name was called

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in Rizal province. It has a clip point that starts mid-way through the blade. The normal blade lengths are around 23 cm (9-10 inches), though there are samples that are as long as 40 cm (16 inches).

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Tagalogs have practiced pottery since the pre-colonial period. Many fragments of such pottery were found buried among the dead. These wares are prominent in pre-colonial Tagalog society along with porcelain

2991:. A sword that is most commonly associated with Tagalog people. The usual blade length can range from 38 cm (15 inches) up to 76 cm (30 inches). There are at least two types of blade profiles for 3906:

The Tagalog elite were skilled Spanish speakers from the 18th to 19th centuries due to the Spanish colonial era. When Americans arrived, English became the most important language in the 20th century. In

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of trade and many polities enculturated Islamic Malay customs and governance to varying degrees, including Tagalogs and other coastal Philippine peoples. According to Bruneian folklore, at around 1500

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While Aurora is geographically northern Tagalog area which borders Bulacan & Nueva Ecija, Aurora Tagalog dialect is closely related to Tayabas Tagalog of Quezon mostly by accent & vocabulary.(

1140:, Tagalogs migrated to east Bataan, where Kapampangans assimilated to the Tagalogs. Kapampangans were displaced to the towns near Pampanga by that time, along with the Aetas. This happened again when 2677:

from the previous processes are then taken for designing. Gems, jewels and aromatics can also be used as additional embellishments. A Tagalog goldsmith can engrave designs on these gold pieces with

1343: 3559:. By the 18th century, the majority of Tagalogs are Catholics; indigenous Tagalog religion was largely purged by missionaries, or otherwise undertook Catholic idioms which comprise many syncretic 3128:

whose depiction shows him wielding a knife. It is said that Katipuneros venerated him, a patron of knife makers, and bought many such knives during his feast day. This would later lead to the

1169:, this led to the assimilation of Kapampangans to the Tagalog settlers. This was continued by the Americans when they defeated Spain in a war, extending the Tagalog diaspora to the islands of 6805: 2436:

for women. When the Philippines became independent, the barong tagalog were popularised as the national costume of the country, as the wearers were the majority in the new capital, Manila.

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The maritime-oriented barangays of pre-Hispanic Tagalogs were shared with other coastal peoples throughout the Philippine archipelago. The roughly three-tiered Tagalog social structure of

4883: 2954:), carabao leather was featured in earlier samples and persists in some towns in Laguna to this day, but the rest of the Tagalog provinces shifted to using wooden scabbards. For hilts ( 3080:– a knife that is most common in Rizal province. The usual blade length can vary from 25 cm (10 inches) up to 41 cm (16 inches). There are two known types in Rizal province: 6612: 3955:

Outside their regional homeland, Tagalogs, like any other ethnolinguistic groups from Luzon, tend to fluently learn the languages native in areas where they settled and assimilated.

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of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines, chose Tagalog as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. President

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was likely female royalty. All of the aforementioned polities seemed to have close relations elsewhere with the polities of Dewata and Mdang, theorized to be the present-day area of

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missionary Pablo Clain in the beginning of the 18th century. Further compilation of his substantial work was prepared by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sanlucar and published as

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shells to control sunlight. The roof either remained thatched or was tiled similar to Chinese roofs. Churches, convents, and monasteries in the Tagalog region tended to follow the

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The Boxer Codex: Transcription and Translation of an Illustrated Late Sixteenth-Century Spanish Manuscript Concerning the Geography, Ethnography, Expansion and Indigenous Response

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requires patience as the process involves shaving off the bamboo by thin layers, creating curls and twirls to produce decorations. This art is mostly associated with the town of

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mentioned in Spanish-Tagalog dictionaries of the early 17th century. Nevertheless, the modern-day non-Moro kris is distinct from its counterparts from Mindanao, the traditional

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in modern Tagalog); these names preceded the infant's name and acted as the surname. Historical examples of these practices are two of the perpetrators involved in the failed

1401:, though varying numbers of Tagalog settlers and their descendants reside in nearly every province in Mindanao, and formed ethnic associations such as Samahang Batangueño in 4294: 4909: 3626: 161: 5120: 5046: 6164: 472:. Datu Puti continued to Panay, while Kalengsusu and Dumaksol decided to settle there with their barangay followings, thus the story says is the origin of the Tagalogs. 5198: 4789: 5583: 4044: 3679:

is the contemporary academic term for these beliefs, which had no documented explicit label among Tagalogs themselves. Many characteristics like the importance of

6798: 6054:"Ancient Tagalog Goldworking Technology from Fray San Buenaventura's Vocabulario de Lengua Tagala: Integrating Archaeological, Linguistic, and Ethnohistoric Data" 2086:

During the 333 years of Spanish colonization, Tagalogs began to use Western musical instruments. Local adaptations have led to new instruments like the 14-string

4098: 3691:, swine, fowl, reptilians, and seafaring motifs share similarities with other indigenous animist beliefs not just elsewhere in the Philippines, but also much of 2237:

Many of these traditional songs were not well documented and were largely passed down orally, and persisted in rural Tagalog regions well into the 20th century.

5842: 5265: 4326: 6352: 4561: 1289:" and said of him "a soul that dreads the revolution although deep down desires it. He pivots between fear and hope, between faith and despair." In 1902, 279: 3019:– literally, "bamboo leaf". This bolo is similar to dahong palay, but usually has a wider "belly" that can sometimes make it look similar to the Tausug 2417:

displays the intricacies and high standards of Tagalog clothing, especially among the gold-draped high society. High society members, which include the

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tradewinds. Such characteristics gave early Spanish impressions of Tagalogs as "more traders than warriors," although raids were practiced. Neighboring

6449: 4743: 7496: 6791: 6765: 6735: 4940: 2322:. It primarily serves as decoration during town festivals, usually applied on arches that decorate the streets and alleyways during the festivities. 1939:, feelings, teachings, and ways of life. The tanaga strictly has four lines only, each having seven syllables only. Other literary forms include the 1542:

to female names to differentiate them from men. He provided an example in his work: "Si Ilog, the name of a male; Si Iloguin, the name of a female."

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and shows several cultural and societal insights into the Tagalogs during time period. The earliest recognized Tagalog polity is Tondo, mentioned as

774:(LCI), bearing several place names speculated to be analogous to several towns and barangays in predominantly Tagalog areas ranging from present-day 5815: 4372: 3396: 3209:

By the early Spanish colonial period, Manila and nearby areas became centers for pottery production. Pottery produced from these areas was called

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gave the title "city" to the colony of Manila. The title was certified on June 19, 1572. Under Spain, Manila became the colonial entrepot in the

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Most pre-Hispanic Tagalogs at the time of Spanish advent followed indigenous polytheistic and animist beliefs, syncretized primarily with some

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The majority of Tagalogs before colonization wore garments woven by the locals, much of which showed sophisticated designs and techniques. The

4879: 3152:. It is not known what the connection is between the modern-day kris that has surviving samples from the late Spanish colonial period and the 7456: 7359: 6835: 6712: 6512: 6202: 5796: 5647: 5558: 5489: 5432: 5405: 5231: 5155: 3048:. Its blade is much longer than its handles, exposing half of the blade even if folded. A more recent, and longer version of balisong is the 1201: 939: 6333: 5349: 7451: 6604: 3507:

talismans, traditionally believed to grant certain powers. Typical motifs are esoteric symbols inspired primarily by Christian iconography.

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of a river). Culturally, it is rare for native Tagalog people to identify themselves as Tagalog as part of their collective identity as an

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recorded several Tagalog terms for specific type of blades, some of which were later replaced by Spanish loanword or fell into obscurity;

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since roughly the early 16th century. Subsequent Spanish colonization in the latter part of the same century ushered a gradual spread of

2470:) was noted for its abundance in gold. Paracale is connected to the archipelago's largest port, Manila, through the Tayabas province and 7446: 6279: 5448: 3668: 3899:, Bulacan (Eastern Central Luzon), Puray, Tanay-Paete (Rizal-Laguna) and Tayabas (Quezon). The Manila dialect is the basis of Standard 2942:

as common as their counterparts in Mindanao. Brass fittings were also found in both antiques and modern samples especially on ferrules

1479:. Likewise, most cultural aspects of the Tagalog people are oriented towards the decentralized characteristics of provinces and towns. 869: 7405: 6096: 3487: 3420: 6671: 6228: 4666: 4641: 4503: 4478: 4453: 4428: 4403: 4268: 3424: 931:

based in Brunei and beyond in Malacca in various professions as traders, sailors, shipbuilders, mercenaries, governors, and slaves.

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were a group of Filipinos known as "Luzonians" or Luzon Indians who were part of the crew and landing party of the Spanish galleon

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Tagalogs, like other lowland coastal Philippine communities, engaged in trade elsewhere in Southeast Asia and beyond for millennia

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Kun sino ang kumathâ ng̃ "Florante": kasaysayan ng̃ búhay ni Francisco Baltazar at pag-uulat nang kanyang karunung̃a't kadakilaan

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that is related to metalworking, signifying a sophisticated practice of this art which has died down during the colonial period.

1564:. He noted that some mothers had become such devout Catholics that they would not give their children native secular names until 1158: 903: 174: 7491: 6010: 5868: 5108: 4689:

islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century; [Vol. 1, no. 3]

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for children, and had appellations for various relationships. They also had these appellations for ancestors and descendants.

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Tagalog naming customs have changed over the centuries. The 17th-century Spanish missionary Francisco Colin wrote in his work

7385: 7332: 6156: 3366: 1356:, which is a native Tagalog-speaking area. In 1939, President Quezon renamed the proposed Tagalog-based national language as 1067:(1850) in addition to early studies of the language. The first substantial dictionary of Tagalog language was written by the 771: 723: 6552: 5670: 5495: 5204: 2512:

is also used as tool for acquiring such gold like wooden pans. These raw gold ores are distinguished between two types, the

4770:"A contribution to Asian Historiography : European studies of Philippines languages from the 17th to the 20th century" 4769: 4047:(BARMM) as a whole are the only places in Mindanao and outside Luzon that speak Tagalog as a dominant lingua franca, while 3466:, there is also a small minority of Protestant and Restorationist Christians. Even fewer today are Muslim 'reverts' called 1041:. Throughout the 333 years of Spanish rule, various grammars and dictionaries were written by Spanish clergymen, including 7354: 3459: 3444: 3360:

paradigm contemporaneously, though with additional masonry and carvings, a bell tower, and plastered walls on the inside.

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due to cultural differences, specialization, and geographical location. The native masses commonly identify their native

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traders by this time period, likely much earlier. The earliest document in Tagalog and general Philippine history is the

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Juan José de Noceda, Pedro de Sanlucar, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, Manila 2013, pg iv, Komision sa Wikang Filipino

4222: 3984: 3945:. They use the prescribed rules of Tagalic Filipino as the basis of the Tagalog standard of correct grammar, and as the 3752: 1298: 1141: 805:. Sanskrit, Malay, and Tagalog honorifics, names, accounting, and timekeeping were used. Chiefs were referred as either 7415: 7390: 6582: 6479: 5614: 4094: 3664: 3660: 3639:

Natural formations and phenomena like flora, fauna, mountains, bodies of water, and various activities are considered

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Metalworking is one of the most prominent trades of precolonial Tagalog, noted for the abundance of terms recorded in

1632:, a popular Filipino stew originating from the Tagalogs, is commonly served in many variations throughout the country. 1553: 919: 865: 853: 512: 498:. Dates unknown, but this theory holds the least credibility regardless for basing these migrations from the outdated 157: 5834: 5256: 4322: 3352:. The ground level was used for storage space or small shops, while the windows were made of translucent, iridescent 6390: 5711: 3531:

arrived in Tagalog areas in the Philippines during the late 16th century, starting from the Spanish conquest of the

2958:), carabao horn is the preferred material in Rizal, Laguna and Quezon provinces, while wood is preferred elsewhere. 2425:, also wore accessories made of prized materials. Slaves on the other hand wore simple clothing, seldom loincloths. 1080:

in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly re-edited, with the last edition being in 2013 in Manila. The indigenous poet

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seem to have a special affiliation with each other. The Tagalog people emigrated from their homeland and arrived in

7501: 7441: 7400: 7395: 7290: 7257: 3878:. In the modern day, few people know how to read and write in baybayin; it is instead is artistically expressed in 1108:

Prior to Spanish arrival and Catholic seeding, the ancient Tagalog people used to cover the following: present-day

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Juan José de Noceda, Pedro de Sanlucar, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, Manila 2013, Komision sa Wikang Filipino.

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Traditional Tagalog architecture is divided into two pre-20th-century paradigms based on residential designs. The

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region except the Polillo Islands, northern Quezon, Alabat island, the Bondoc Peninsula, and easternmost Quezon;

1101: 915: 705: 5772: 1096: 7410: 5742: 5094:

Guerrero, Milagros; Encarnacion, Emmanuel; Villegas, Ramon (1996), "Andrés Bonifacio and the 1896 Revolution",

4581: 3934:. Some Spanish words are still used by the Tagalog, though sentence construction in Spanish is no longer used. 3432: 959: 627: 314: 153: 5903: 4011:, Tagalog residents and their descendants, especially newer generations (as Mindanao-born natives), now speak 3717:

as delegates to intervene in earthly affairs, and sometimes as intercessors for invocations on their behalf.

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Precolonial Tagalog societies were largely animist, alongside a gradual spread of mostly syncretic forms of

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is also defined as "combining gold and copper", thus changing the color to red. The terms for processes are

1534:), his son. Later, in a document dated December 5, 1625, a man named Amadaha was said to be the father of a 899: 636: 6757: 4756:

The Philippines was an autonomous Captaincy-General under the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1521 until 1815

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Language - a doorway between human cultures : tributes to Dr. Otto Chr. Dahl on his ninetieth birthday

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in the early colonial period provided translations for Tagalog words for some musical instruments, such as

1084:(1788–1862) is regarded as the foremost Tagalog writer, his most notable work being the early 19th-century 7022: 6729: 6702: 4932: 1241: 390: 6303:

The Province of Pampanga and its towns (A.D. 1300–1955) with the genealogy of the rulers of central Luzon

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Research and investigation discovered that Manila ware pottery was fired at kilns located in present-day

3070:, with its blade slightly curving downwards towards the tip. It goes by a myriad of other names, namely, 635:

delta that served as a hub for slave trading. Such specialization also applied to other large towns like

262:

meaning "coming from" or "native of"). However, this explanation is a mistranslation of the correct term

6643: 4380: 3614: 3121: 2892: 1430: 1254: 1246: 1231: 1215: 975: 971: 759: 659: 2799:

are defined as gold of the lowest quality, below 10 karats. Each category is further divided into two,

1609:. The name given was based on the person's old name, but it reflected excellence and was metaphorical. 1576:

as their first name. Colin further noted that Tagalogs quickly adopted the Spanish practice of adding "

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The Language Shift from the Middle and Upper Middle-Class Families in the Kapampangan Speaking Region]

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The Language Shift from the Middle and Upper Middle-Class Families in the Kapampangan Speaking Region]

3960: 3696: 3596:

A minority of Tagalogs are also members of numerous Protestant and Restorationist faiths such as the

3341: 3337: 2988: 2733:(chisel). These result in finished works such as gold ornaments, jewelleries and other gold objects. 1302: 1037:

and the governor-general of the Philippines who ruled from Manila was sub-ordinate to the viceroy in

576: 419: 376: 178: 5295: 4520: 726:

is the oldest record of Tagalog polities and their syncretic beliefs and culture with Hindu-Buddhism

6906: 5934: 4028: 4024: 4016: 1331: 1223: 544: 5793: 5707:

Islands from Their Earliest Relations with European Nations to the Close of the Nineteenth Century

3148:– like other lowlander ethnic groups in the country, Tagalogs also employed the wavy blade called 718: 7285: 7280: 7272: 7060: 6916: 6901: 6507:. Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. 6330: 6271: 5981: 5703:

Bourne, Edward Gaylord (October 14, 2009). Blair, Emma Helen; Robertson, James Alexander (eds.).

5343: 5225: 4709: 4573: 3938: 3837: 3742: 3718: 3581: 3555:, serving as base for further (but gradual) proselytization to other Tagalog areas and beyond in 3521: 3402: 2701:

in modern Tagalog) for polishing, they do this by rubbing in ochre to increase is reddish color.

1886: 1162: 1081: 895: 731: 693: 552: 524: 483: 130: 6157:"The Art of Bulacan Pastillas Wrapper Making (also known as "Pabalat" or "Borlas de Pastillas")" 5576:"Marinduque Rising: It's Marinduqueňo (or Marindukenyo), never something else (1st of a series)" 5150:, Kasaysayan: The History of the Filipino People, vol. 5, Asia Publishing Company Limited, 5011:

Borah, Eloisa Gomez (February 5, 2008). "Filipinos in Unamuno's California Expedition of 1587".

2927:

were generic terms for agricultural blades, which can have different length and blade profiles.

2458:

Goldworking in particular is of considerable significance among the Tagalogs. Gold (in Spanish,

362: 3175: 336:

Beginning in the Spanish colonial period, documented foreign spellings of the term ranged from

7045: 7017: 6969: 6911: 6708: 6508: 6198: 6126: 6065: 6053: 5973: 5643: 5554: 5485: 5428: 5401: 5151: 5073: 4987: 4662: 4637: 4614: 4499: 4474: 4449: 4424: 4399: 4264: 4159: 4020: 3900: 3845: 3812: 3804: 3597: 3585: 3528: 3455: 3353: 3260:

are also used as centerpieces during feasts. Pabalat designs vary depending on the maker, but

3129: 2319: 1776: 1434: 1278: 1089: 887: 836:, the earliest in 971. Several places within Tagalog-speaking areas contend for its location: 802: 663: 540: 520: 427: 353: 227: 126: 6251: 4284:

Zorc, David (1993). "The Prehistory and Origin of the Tagalog People". In Øyvind Dahl (ed.).

1342:

Tagalog was declared the official language by the first constitution in the Philippines, the

452:

manuscript dates events from around the early 13th century, telling a great migration of ten

7461: 7375: 7143: 7075: 7012: 6979: 6263: 5965: 5379: 5310: 5020: 4781: 4012: 3896: 3867: 3833: 3808: 3738: 3680: 3652: 3560: 3544: 3026: 2905:

was the term for "sword", which has been replaced in modern Tagalog by the Spanish loanword

2847: 2405: 2315: 2311: 2105:

according to Spanish records, differing on the general theme of the words as well as meter.

2042:

Not much is known of precolonial Tagalog music, though Spanish-Tagalog dictionaries such as

1762: 1695: 1618: 1523: 1406: 1386: 1348: 1294: 1274: 1262: 1205: 1194: 1154: 1146: 955: 951: 499: 357: 322: 122: 3524:, with wider frames, massive buttresses and belfries, and relatively simpler ornamentation. 2895:

as these farm implements were converted into fighting blades during this turbulent period.

1293:

formed his own Republika ng Katagalugan in the mountains of Morong (today, the province of

1200:

The first documented Asian-origin people to arrive in North America after the beginning of

7380: 7229: 7113: 7002: 6954: 6949: 6860: 6656: 6394: 6356: 6337: 5819: 5800: 4721: 4601: 4176:

Blumentritt, Ferdinand (1895). Diccionario mitologico de Filipinas. Madrid, 1895. Page 10.

3980: 3976: 3931: 3912: 3700: 3569:(Feast of the Black Nazarene) of Manila is the largest Catholic procession in the nation. 3548: 3179: 2963: 2467: 1858:

is the Tagalog dish that the Spanish first tasted when they landed in pre-colonial Tondo.

1577: 1475: 1065:

Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administración de los Santos Sacramentos

1007: 983: 822: 767: 689: 528: 516: 431: 267: 147: 6224: 2508:

for places where gold or metal ores can be acquired in general, not restricted to mines.

5449:"Ijssir Batangas Literature Reflecting Unique Batangueno PDF | PDF | Folklore | Worship" 5024: 4498:. Katipunan Ave, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. pp. 189, 243–244. 2254: 2068:, which had long faded into obscurity among modern Tagalogs. In his entry, he mentioned: 7436: 7206: 7196: 7138: 7065: 7007: 6974: 6959: 6944: 6886: 6876: 6871: 6412: 3956: 3875: 3859: 3672: 3577: 3565: 3536: 3323: 3245: 3214: 3032: 3020: 2995:

and it can vary depending on the area or even among the blacksmiths. It is also called

2971: 2858: 2433: 2429: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2275: 1786: 1573: 1535: 1306: 1068: 743: 685: 548: 465: 33: 3635: 3276: 3217:

and often dated from the 16th century up to the early 19th century. They were made of

3084:

which is the classic, wider version of binakoko, and the slender and slightly pointed

2763:

illustrated the quality spectrum of gold as it was formulated during the early 1600s.

2725:(accessorizing with gems or aromatics). The tools that goldsmiths use here are called 2334: 1895: 1327: 7480: 7300: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7105: 7055: 7050: 6964: 6921: 6896: 6881: 6275: 5892:"Boat Lutes in the Visayan Islands and Luzon. Traces of Lost Traditions (2012, 2022)" 4040: 4004: 3968: 3947: 3937:

From the 1970s to the 21st century, the languages of the Tagalogs have been Tagalog,

3710: 3648: 3328: 2279: 2061: 1488: 1353: 1290: 1282: 1150: 1015: 907: 648: 556: 507: 397: 235: 103: 6605:"Cavite Chabacano Philippine Creole Spanish: Description and Typology | Linguistics" 6442:"Stories Behind Symbols: 4 Interesting Facts You Probably Don't Know about Baybayin" 6002: 5864: 4594: 3318:

or "cube house" features a thatched, steeply pitched roof made of dried, reinforced

2842: 1552:

By the time Colin wrote his work in the 1600s, the Tagalogs had mainly converted to

1417:

Tagalog settlements are generally lowland, commonly oriented towards banks near the

1277:, and extended the meaning of these terms to all natives in the Philippine islands. 7211: 7166: 7148: 7133: 7080: 6984: 6783: 4830: 4473:. Katipunan Ave, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. pp. 191–195. 4052: 4048: 3816: 3671:

expressions from a long history of trade with kingdoms and sultanates elsewhere in

3573: 3192: 3167: 3059: 3040:

among others. The typical length is 29 cm (11 inches), and is normally called

2983: 2748:(weighing container). As such, precolonial Tagalogs would discern fake gold called 2471: 1767: 1751: 1727: 1663: 1394: 1377: 1186: 1048: 991: 979: 829: 794: 667: 564: 199: 191: 95: 5956:

Manuel, E. Arsenio (1958). "Tayabas Tagalog Awit Fragments from Quezon Province".

3895:

of Tagalog, which are Lubang, Manila, Marinduque, Bataan (Western Central Luzon),

1572:

of the pre-colonial era had become the Tagalog people's surnames and they added a

6546: 6529: 6502: 6190: 5664: 5637: 5548: 5479: 5422: 5145: 4852: 4825: 3140:, though there are few ones who knew how to make it and can make specific orders. 411:

Specific origin narratives of the Tagalog people contend among several theories:

302:, despite speaking the same language. Further exceptions include the present-day 7247: 7032: 6191:"Continuity and Change in the Austronesian Transition to Islam and Christianity" 4000: 3923: 3879: 3786: 3540: 3319: 3218: 2414: 1948: 1870: 1830: 1813: 1733: 1716: 1538:

named Doña Maria Gada. Colin noted that it was a practice among Tagalogs to add

1426: 1418: 1318: 1235: 1125: 1085: 1052: 1038: 987: 935: 923: 891: 845: 632: 622: 551:

around 1200 to 1000 years ago. Subsequently, the Tagalogs made contact with the

401: 223: 195: 89: 4974:

https://www.language-and-society.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Ariel-49-61.pdf

4521:"Culture Contact and Ethnogenesis in Mindoro up to the End of the Spanish Rule" 4360:

https://www.language-and-society.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Ariel-49-61.pdf

3979:

along with Tagalog, which is also dominantly spoken by the native residents of

3174:(tamarind). It is shaped like a beak and curves downward to the tip similar to 2962:

various parts of the country. Two prominent forges are the SH and SK forges in

2891:) having historical importance as a symbol. It is strongly associated with the 1865:, numerous roadside eateries serve local specialties. Batangas is home to many 758:

and other parts of the Philippine archipelago by largely intermediate Bornean,

527:. Zorc theorizes that the Tagalog people originated in the general area of the 7252: 7070: 7040: 5383: 5314: 4636:. Katipunan Ave, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 192. 4056: 4036: 3972: 3964: 3887: 3855: 3601: 3552: 3309: 3261: 3111: 2930:

Bladesmithing is traditionally learned through apprenticeships. A blacksmith (

2888: 2869: 2060:(boat lute), the last one was further described by the Spanish chronicler Fr. 1739: 1706: 1546: 1456: 1390: 1381: 1373: 1219: 1182: 1113: 1109: 1011: 655: 644: 207: 203: 99: 6189:

Reid, Anthony (2006), Bellwood, Peter; Fox, James J.; Tryon, Darrell (eds.),

6069: 5977: 4216: 4163: 6825: 5077: 3988: 3915: 3757: 3684: 3249: 3049: 2291: 2221: 2087: 1988: 1847: 1843: 1796: 1756: 1712: 1659: 1655: 1506:

A surname was only given upon the birth of one's first child. Fathers added

1335: 1322: 1266: 1227: 1137: 1034: 967: 837: 786: 607: 495: 430:

and Tagalog, the latter vaguely assumed to have originated somewhere in the

299: 295: 6704:

Filipino English and Taglish: Language Switching from Multiple Perspectives

6574: 6471: 6267: 5606: 4785: 1623: 878: 6252:"Balik -Islam: Christian converts to Islam in the Philippines, c. 1970-98" 5039:"400th Anniversary Of Spanish Shipwreck / Rough first landing in Bay Area" 4880:"The Historical Indúng Kapampángan: Evidence from History and Place Names" 3458:, resulting as the dominant religion today alongside widespread syncretic 3160:(guard) is absent in the kris found in Christianized areas of the country. 2875: 2864: 2759:

After assaying the gold, precolonial Tagalogs would test its quality. The

1261:

or surrounding provinces. The first Filipino president was Tagalog creole

962:. Tagalog (alongside Kapampangan) traders also worked elsewhere as far as 282:, the term "Tagalog" was originally used to differentiate river dwellers ( 7318: 7310: 7295: 6994: 6936: 6865: 6387: 5704: 4008: 3996: 3871: 3825: 3794: 3761: 2911: 2466:. In the 16th-century Tagalog region, the region of Paracale (modern-day 2231: 2095: 2091: 1954: 1801: 1792: 1781: 1745: 1628: 1439: 1178: 1166: 1129: 1030: 946:(where Bisaya would mistakenly call Tagalog and Bornean traders alike as 751: 747: 739: 618: 532: 469: 448: 303: 231: 107: 4577: 4035:(indigenous non-Muslim and non-Christian tribes in Mindanao) as well as 3772: 2496:

For gold procurement, Tagalogs get the ores from mines which are called

17: 7262: 7239: 7221: 7201: 7181: 5985: 5370:

Gonzales, A. (1998). "Language planning situation in the Philippines".

3942: 3892: 3782: 3746: 3722: 3706: 3688: 3640: 3345: 3253: 3248:

cut into intricate designs. These papers are then used as wrappers for

3196: 2283: 2271: 2194: 1960: 1851: 1807: 1702: 1677: 1569: 1565: 1469: 1451: 1402: 1174: 1170: 1121: 1117: 943: 928: 911: 873: 849: 798: 779: 775: 713: 672: 595: 590:

precedents from indirect Portuguese accounts and archaeological finds.

560: 487: 251: 239: 215: 6003:"Singkaban the bamboo art, and the mother of all festivals in Bulacan" 5258:

Quezon's speech proclaiming Tagalog the basis of the National Language

5173:, edited by D. Feria and P. Daroy (Manila: National Book Store, 1968). 4095:"Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)" 3326:. After Spanish colonization, wealthy Tagalog families resided in the 3072:

ohas tari, hustari/hinustari, tinari, hiwas tari, bastari, huwas tari,

2938:

or the strap used as belts to tie up the scabbard to the user's hips.

2638:(bonding with silver or copper). All of these processes are done with 898:

led to a gradual spread of its cultural influence eastward throughout

7191: 6891: 5764: 3908: 3841: 3829: 3790: 3500: 3225: 2299: 1995: 1984: 1936: 1932: 1874: 1862: 1837: 1825: 1772: 1667: 1463: 1445: 1398: 1286: 1258: 1190: 1071: 918:

monopoly as a regional entrepot of the Chinese trade and established

818: 790: 735: 677: 613: 601: 457: 405: 219: 5969: 5916:(Note: this is the manuscript version with different page numbering) 5734: 2853: 2658:(gold foil). Leftover gold bits that are of little worth are called 1222:

coast on October 17, 1587, as part of the Galleon Trade between the

310:– a distinction formally maintained throughout the colonial period. 6635: 5891: 5107:

Guerrero, Milagros; Encarnacion, Emmanuel; Villegas, Ramon (2003),

4317: 4315: 4205:. Ateneo University Press, 1994. 9715501354, 9789715501354. p. 191. 4192:. Ateneo University Press, 1994. 9715501354, 9789715501354. p. 190. 3520:

Church architecture in Tagalog areas is typically characterized as

3344:. The builders lined the stilts and created outer walls with stone 1580:" for prestige, when in the pre-colonial era, they would have used 7186: 7176: 7171: 7158: 6852: 6830: 4032: 3771: 3765: 3756: 3714: 3644: 3634: 3630: 3556: 3515: 3496: 3495: 3471: 3349: 3264:, rice fields, flowers, landscapes and figures are common motifs. 2901: 2874: 2863: 2852: 2841: 2563:(bonding with silver or copper). These are done with tools called 2404: 2383: 2287: 2267: 2253: 1671: 1645: 1622: 1561: 1557: 1326: 1240: 1211: 1100:

Group of Tagalog revolutionaries that participated at the pact of

1095: 995: 963: 877: 793:, while several other place names are theorized to be present-day 763: 755: 717: 580: 536: 461: 384: 211: 6374:

Prehispanic Source Materials: for the study of Philippine History

2314:, though it is also practiced in southern Tagalog provinces like 6672:"Philippine English is Legit. Oxford English Dictionary Says So" 4906:"Zambales Province, Home Province of Subic Bay and Mt. Pinatubo" 3144: 2767:

is the highest part of the spectrum with 24 karats, followed by

1991:: no fixed metre or rhyme, though some in octosyllabic quatrains 1866: 1819: 1685: 1681: 1641: 833: 709: 681: 491: 453: 6787: 6127:"Manila Ware Pottery - The Ceramic Heritage of the Philippines" 4621:. Translated by J.A. Robertson. Manila: Filipiniana Book Guild. 3052:, although it is mostly for novelty and usually not functional. 2987:– literally, "rice leaf", although it is also a local name for 4218:

Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam and Muscat

3271: 2830:) with the dead or made use of as an heirloom or inheritance ( 2681:(styling and filigree work) which enhances the visual appeal. 2555:(combining gold and silver) which turns the metal into white, 2329: 1890: 1226:(the colonial name for what would become the Philippines) and 1033:. The Philippines was a Spanish colony administered under the 567:. Kapampangans settled Aurora alongside Aetas and Bugkalots. 2302:

through the use of sharp metal tools. This process is called

1935:, an indigenous artistic poetic form of the Tagalog people's 396:

The Tagalog people are said to have descended from seafaring

6636:"Chabacano: The Case of Philippine Creole Spanish in Cavite" 5926: 5398:

Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia

6548:

A Lexicographic Study of Tayabas Tagalog of Quezon Province

6413:"Baybayin: How This Ancient Pinoy Script's Legacy Lives On" 5666:

A Lexicographic Study of Tayabas Tagalog of Quezon Province

3604:, and other denominations introduced during American rule. 3023:. This blade is most common in the eastern towns of Laguna. 1181:, with most notable Tagalog settlement in the latter being 938:

within the Philippine archipelago primarily from retailing

306:

Tagalogs, who referred to themselves as people of Kumintang

6350:"A Buddhist Image from Karitunan Site, Batangas Province." 6195:

The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives

4659: