773:
304:
797:
1287:
971:
476:
941:
689:
863:
925:
984:
959:
123:
103:
464:
219:
842:
239:
43:
726:, and here too, the beast/dragon is depicted as devouring a human, at least in later versions of the seal. In 11th or 12th century seals of the city, the tarasque is given an appearance of a crocodile or some sort of amphibian according to one opinion. The city seal from the 13th century appears much as a plain dragon according to one 18th century writer on medieval coats of arms, though
665:
1038:(1808) described the tarasque effigy as wooden, and consisting of hoops covered in painted cloth. German writer Christian Friedrich Mylius (1818) elaborated that "Every year on the 2nd day of Pentecost, a grotesque wooden likeness of the dragon, or the Tarasque, is carried through the city; it resembles a turtle; it consists of a wooden framework covered with wax
630:... terrible dragon of unbelievable length and great bulk. It breathed out poisonous fumes, shot sulfurous flames from its eyes, and emitted fierce hissings with its mouth and horrible noises with its curved teeth. With its talons and teeth it tore to pieces anyone who crossed its path; with its poisonous breath it killed anyone who came too near.
1187:
1708:
Or the twelfth century. Faillon inconsistently states that this representation "paroît sous une forme nouvelle, au douzième siècle, sur les sceaux (appeared in the 12th century in seals)" in the text proper, but "Le sceau de
Trasocon, en usage aux douzième et treizième siècles (12th or 13th)" in note
515:
draco ingens, medius animal terrestre, medius piscis . . . et erat grossior bove, longior equo, os et caput habens leoninum, dentes ut spata acutos, comas equinas, dorsum acutum ut dolabrum, squamas hirsutas ut taravos scindentes, senos pedes et ungues ursinas, caudam vipeream, binis parmis ut tortua
357:
between Arles and
Avignon, around what is now the town Tarascon (then called Nerluc or 'black place'), but lurked in the river and attacked the men trying to cross it, sinking boats. The creature was described a dragon, half animal, half fish, thicker than an ox, longer than a horse, with "sword-like
622:
draco terribilis oberrabat, incredibilis longitudinis, et magnae molis; fumum pestiferum flatu, scintillas sulphureas oculis, sibilos stridentes ore, rugitusque horribiles aduncatis dentibus, proferens; quidquid incidisset in eum ungulis et dente dilanians; quidquid propius accessisset anhelitus sui
523:
A huge dragon, half animal, half fish ... fatter than a bull, longer than a horse, it had the face and head of a lion, teeth sharp as swords, the mane of a horse, a back that was hatchet-sharp with bristly scales keen as augers, six feet with bear-like claws, the tail of a serpent, and a double
399:
for help, and she found the creature in the act of devouring a man. Merely by sprinkling holy water and holding up the cross, she caused the creature to become submissive and obedient. She then tied her girdle (to its neck), leading the beast to the villagers who cast rocks and spears at it until it
1050:
in 1826, as an effigy of a "monstrous dragon, whose torso is assembled from hoops covered with a painted sheet metal, and whose back is made using a huge shield to imitate a turtle's carapace. The paws are clawed, the tail scaly and several times curved, the head is like a bull and a lion. A gaping
824:
purportedly dated to the 11th century, and counted as the oldest representation recorded. This sculpture of the tarasque depicted the beast in the act of devouring a human, in typical fashion. This tarasque was a quadruped that bore close resemblance to the beast trodden underfoot by St. Martha in
177:
around the 15th century, and this held to be the norm in 16th- and 17th-century paintings. As St. Martha purportedly encountered the beast in the act of swallowing a human victim, it has become a stock motif in art to portray the monster swallowing a human head first, with the victim's legs still
1769:
The 1474 date assertion by
Villeneuve has been repeated by others, but it has not been possible to trace the corresponding base material, although there is an unedited document of 1478(?) found by Charles Mourret indicating the king order the fashioning of the effigy ("pro faciendo unam tarascam
2769:, p. 143: "La Tarasque est figurée par un monstre à tête de lion avec crinière noire, carapace de tortue, armée de crocs et de dards : dents de lézard, ventre de poisson, queue de reptile, jetant par les naseaux de longues traînées d'etincelles produites des fusées", etc.
1672:
XI:18–19) for comparison which states that God's hand did not lack the means to send to sinners "a multitude of bears or bold lions,/ Or new-created wild beasts.. blowing out a fire-breathing blast, / Or mouthing out roarings of smoke, /Or flashing dreadful sparks from their
2528:
1272:
has entered the
Spanish vocabulary in the sense of an ill-natured woman, or a "hussy". A 19th-century dictionary defines the tarasca as a "crooked, ugly, lewd, and impudent woman", and the word is known to have been used in the sense of "ugly old woman" in the 16th century.
650:
Rather than its eyes literally shooting flames, some French sources take it to be a figure of speech, that "its eyes glare sulfurously". One source (Abbé François Canéto) has Raban Maur stating that the poison breath shot out of the tarasque's nostrils in thick vapours.
1301:
French archeologist
Isidore Gilles proposed the pre-Christian pagan origins for the legend of the tarasque, and connected with the so-called "tarasque of Noves", unearthed at the village Noves, once called "Tarasconnet". The find was a stone statue of a sharp-toothed
583:. It is a ringed tail, and does turns upright as can be verified in facsimile sketch of the sculpture printed by Faillon. Some modern-day authors have gone a step further, claiming the tarasque's tail ended in a scorpion sting. Or rather, the tail terminated in a (
553:"shields") is attested in this c. 1200 piece of writing, even though some commentators ventured it to be a 15th-century addition, created out of expedience to conceal the men carrying the beast's effigy paraded through town for the Pentecostal festivities.
1718:
Although Gutch states: "The carapace was already invented in René's time and it may be studied on his seals and coins", the supposed tarasque on the seal of King René resembles a crocodile; see also the illustration of a coin struck under King René 's
2748:, p. 203, who translates the passage saying "Mistral ... endows our monster with a lion's muzzle, the shell of a tortoise armed with horns and hooks, and says it has lizard's teeth, the belly of a fish, and a (reptile or) serpent's tail".
420:("SH"). are near contemporaneous works (late 12th and 13th century), with the pseudo-Marcella probably being the oldest, and dating "between 1187 and 1212 or 1221". The three texts LA, SH, and V are similar in content with only modest variations.
1686:, p. 16 and opposing plate, this illustration is captioned as 11th and 12th centuries, but the footnote (2) states 12th or 13th centuries, and also refers to a commentator which described the beast as a dragon guarding the castle.
431:(d. 856 AD), but since rejected as a false attribution, being the work of an unknown author perhaps as early as the late 12th century, or as late as the second half of the 13th century. The work is referred to as the "pseudo-Raban" by
701:
1166:
A tarasque feast was held on a non-traditional day on 23 June 1946 in
Tarascon, for practical reasons. Subsequently, the holding of the tarasque festival in this last Sunday or weekend of June became annually recurrent.
5045:
677:
185:
initiated the use of the tarasque in the
Pentecostal festival, and later used also on the saint's feast day of July 29. Yearly celebration in the last weekend of June was added in the modern day. The effigy or float
1054:
The wooden hull described in 1818 required eight men to carry, the metallic version needed 12 men. The tarasque of the festival of 1846 concealed four porters inside, and the one in 1861 needed six men.
1265:(rather than a modeled figure) who was seated atop the processional dragon. But in 1637 the boy was replaced by a well-adorned woman, and in 1639 it was prescribed that she should be an ugly old woman.
1009:
In former days, the effigy of the tarasque was paraded through the streets twice a year, and a maiden portraying St. Martha escorting the tarasque held it by the leash (or a white ribbon) in one hand.
1175:
202:
4415:"Essai Iconographique sur Sainte Marthe et sur le monstre qui l'accompagne ordinairement dans les oeuvres d'art chrétien: à propos d'une sculpture des boiseries du choeur de Sainte-Marie d'Auch"
1822:
French translation by
Koschwitz is as follows: "Lagadigadèu, la tarasque,.. / Lagadigadèu, .. du Château / Laissez-la passer La vieille sorcière /Laissez - la passer – Car elle va danser !
276:
327:
The legend of the
Tarasque probably arose in Provence, France, from early to late 12th century. The legend is recorded in several sources, but especially in the story of St. Martha in the
1152:
In the past, the festivals were only held sporadically in a major way, e.g., in the years 1846, 1861, 1891 and 1946 but since 1946 they have become a yearly event and tourist attraction.
256:
4544:
Monumens de l'église de Sainte-Marthe à Tarascon, département des
Bouches-du-Rhône: avec un essai sur l'apostolat de Sainte-Marthe et des autres saints tutélaires de Provence
730:
counters that this represents not a dragon guarding the city, but the tarasque. This early type perhaps dates to as far back as the 11th century, seen on seals struck on
4670:
162:, the beast had a lion-like head, a body protected by turtle-like carapace(s), six feet with bear-like claws, a serpent's tail, and could expel a poisonous breath.
1813:) pass"—lines are quoted by Desanat; the first two lines are also quoted in 1846 article, though rendered in French, thus: "Lagadigadeau! la trasque! le château".
1709:(2), then figure in the interleaving plate is labeled "Sur les sceaux de la Ville au XI et XII siècles (on the seals of the city in the 11th and 12th centuries)".
1741:
A facsimile of the lost sculpture is printed by Watson, as aforementioned, and the sketch which survived, according to a different source, was the one drawn by
173:, and examples which seemed to were later assigned later, 14th century dates. The six-footed, turtle-shelled tarasque was the form depicted on the city seal of
556:
The head has later been described as being similar to a bull and a lion or having the muzzle/face of a lion, or, having the head of a lion with a black mane.
1615:, p. 238 gives a translation without mention of castle. However a different copy reads "rupe castri Tarascensi", hence 'beneath the rock of the castle (
1554:) is explicitly stated in the pseudo-Raban: "with her own girdle she bound its neck" or "having bound its neck with the girdle which she had been wearing (
1159:
was in hiatus, different authorities were claiming different weeks and weekdays around Pentecost Sunday for the proper day for the ceremony, according to
1006:, in order to amuse his citizens with a reenactment of St. Martha's miracle. Later, a second festival was held on 29 July, the feast-day of Saint Martha.
1306:
beast with a scaly back, "crunching a human arm in its mouth". Gilles postulated this was a Celtic deified beast to which human sacrifices were offered.
3753:: "The procession now takes place on the last Sunday of June. The Tarasque, fitted with wheels, is pushed by eight men instead of being carried by 16".
1016:), the festival came to be held annually on the last Sunday of June, to tell the tale of the Tarasque, as well as Tartarin, the main character of
5025:
4383:
2478:
2172:
578:
194:) of the tarasque has been built over the years for parading through town for the occasion, carried by four to a dozen men concealed inside.
1034:
The tarasque paraded through the streets once changed from a wooden prop painted green to a metallic contraption in the early 19th century.
1069:
During the festival, while the huge effigy of the Tarasque is carried through the streets, there are shouted the traditional cries for the
2534:
1732:, p. 200, taken from a postcard, and gives details down to the devoured man wearing golden garb and "blue stockings and black shoes".
1238:
elements, or rather repudiations against biblical and historical temptresses, with statues and statuettes of such female figures (called "
830:
806:
2992:, p. 367, translation of French local historian Jean Paul Nourri (1973), pp. 52–53, who gives "les yeux des étincelles sulfureuses".
1136:
By the 20th century, the tarasque effigy used in Tarascon was mounted on a wheeled cart, which are dragged or pulled by persons known as
5035:
4160:, p. 195: "a composite creature in stone" in describing this find; cf. "chimerical" applied to the tarasque of medieval legend, by
2586:. An excerpt and translation of Latin text (which matches) though here not referred to as Pseudo-Marcella (but merely as an entry under
1504:
821:
779:
569:
3488:
Le Masque dans la tradition européenne: exposition, Musée international du carnaval et du masque, Binche, du 13 juin au 6 octobre 1975
4969:
4934:
4820:
4701:
4617:
4569:
4475:
4188:
4110:
4023:
3924:
3862:
3746:
2886:
2649:
2627:
2579:
2508:
2127:
2033:
2003:
1047:
1035:
82:
1374:
772:
568:. The tail was "long and ringed and looked considerably like that of the scorpion" in a lost sculpture on a face of an old church (
4746:
3038:, p. 11: «Les naseaux de la Tarasque, dit Raban-Maur, lançait naguère, en épaisses vapeurs, un vrai souffle de pestilence..».
2592:
3215:
Dictionnaire géographique, historique, industriel et commercial de toutes les communes de la France et de plus de 20000 hameaux
2240:
251:
1286:
1170:
The Tarasque was designated one of "Processional Giants and Dragons in Belgium and France" listed in November 2005 as part of
197:
The Tarasque was designated one of "Processional Giants and Dragons in Belgium and France" listed in November 2005 as part of
1628:
The tarasque has tough "flanks" like shields according to Stace's modern rendering, which Caxton translate as sturdy "wings".
1244:") surmounted on top of the tarasca dragon. The figure atop the Granada dragon is a life-size doll resembling a retail store
64:
3206:
3388:
1995:
France 1500: entre Moyen Ă‚ge et Renaissance : Paris, Galeries nationales, Grand palais, 6 octobre 2010-10 janvier 2011
573:
5040:
1831:
According to her, the first of two tarasque festivals was to be held somewhat later than Pentecost, on the Thursday after
4607:
3483:
1202:, paraded through a number of Spanish cities, and elsewhere throughout the Iberian peninsula, for example, the cities of
5015:
1556:
3466:, p. 95: ""La Tarasque sort désormais le dernier dimanche de juin.. depuis 1946 , célèbre chaque année le retour".
5020:
4252:
3851:
MartĂnez Gil, Fernando; RodrĂguez González, Alfredo (2002). Juárez Fernandez, Gerardo; MartĂnez Gil, Fernando (eds.).
303:
1450:
version and "V" for the pseudo-Marcella version of the Life of St. Martha. These three texts are essentially similar.
4915:
Histoire de la vie et du culte de Sainte Marthe, hĂ´tesse de Notre Seigneur JĂ©sus Christ, patronne ... d'Avignon, etc
1058:
The head could be manipulated by a person inside, making the effigy's jaws open or close; from out of its nostrils
2162:
1493:) is read "bonacho" and given other spellings as well in variant texts. Caxton's translation also gives "Bonacho".
796:
53:
5030:
4510:
1199:
904:
727:
60:
31:
4368:"(Book review) Dumont (Louis). La Tarasque. Essai de description d'un fait local du point de vue ethnographique"
3439:
275:
4367:
1989:
1586:), "V" for the Pseudo-Marcelle (ps.-Marcella), and "SH" for "Speculaum Historiale" are the shorthand used by
1295:
970:
475:
4745:
507:, it is given a somewhat dissimilar treatment in the corresponding passage in the c. 1200 pseudo-Marcella:
3916:
Las nestas del Corpus Christi en el Paso del Antiguo Régimen a la época contemporánea (el caso de Granada)
2500:
Les traductions françaises des Otia imperialia de Gervais de Tilbury par Jean d'Antioche et Jean de Vignay
2436:, p. 148: "entre 1250 et 1300 selon M . Duprat (between 1250 and 1300 according to Mr. E. H. Duprat)"
1324:
also states that the Saint Martha legend is undoubtedly "superimposed on old beliefs of Celtic paganism".
896:
872:
4763:
4349:
3593:
4866:
4208:
4145:
Tarascon de Provence: son existence historique dans l'antiquité et aux premiers siècles du christianisme
3913:
Cuesta GarcĂa de Leonardo, Maria Jose (2002). Juárez Fernandez, Gerardo; MartĂnez Gil, Fernando (eds.).
423:
There is also a fourth variant Latin account, a "Life of St. Mary Magdalene and her sister St. Martha" (
4810:
1379:
427:) with somewhat divergent content from the other three, whose authorship had formerly been credited to
4924:
4633:
4494:
2307:. Patrologiae latina cursus completus.. series secunda, 112. Vol. 6. Aqud Editorem. p. 1497.
450:) to be an abyss near the city-gates of Arles and the rock/cliff beneath the castle/fort at Tarascon.
169:
such as renditions in church sculpture did not necessarily conform to this description in the earlier
4174:
3639:
2903:
2028:. Jean Poyer; Jean Bourdichon (artists). Charles E Pierce (foreword). George Braziller. p. 175.
1405:
1022:
826:
599:
285:
4962:
4136:
3009:: 299. "Son souffle répandait une fumée pestilentielle, de ses regards sortaient comme des flammes".
983:
700:
688:
676:
664:
4881:
4467:
La Tarasque: essai de description d'un fait local d'un point de vue ethnographique L'Espèce humaine
2907:
2417:
2158:
2113:
2023:
1534:
1303:
940:
908:
743:
Later design of the city seal distinctly shows the tarasque swallowing a human. In the language of
413:
412:("LA") roughly correspond to the versions of the legend found in the pseudo-Marcella ("V"), and in
310:
153:
4986:
4901:
4877:
4858:
4730:
4653:
4587:
4315:
4264:
3934:
3872:
3703:
2494:
2458:
2298:
1924:
1876:
1756:
748:
482:
439:
4784:
4331:"Ha Long Bay." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 28 February 2007
4295:
3736:
3190:
3072:
Armorial universel, précédé d'un traité complet de la science du blason et suivi d'un supplément
1993:
1914:
1249:
862:
4609:
Cités en fête: Musée national des arts et traditions populaires, 24 novembre 1992-19 avril 1993
4400:
2293:
2289:
4949:
4913:
4831:
4816:
4799:
4734:
4716:
4697:
4691:
4664:
4613:
4595:
4565:
4557:
4522:
4514:
4481:
4471:
4355:
4184:
4106:
4100:
4063:
4019:
4013:
3920:
3914:
3858:
3742:
3648:
3597:
3552:
3443:
3257:
3255:
3210:
3159:
3099:
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3020:
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2637:
2623:
2615:
2575:
2569:
2504:
2498:
2474:
2168:
2123:
2117:
2029:
1999:
1125:
1059:
1013:
732:
396:
4767:
4542:
4445:
4387:
4178:
4040:
3852:
2923:
2462:
381:) of Galatia, this onachus being a creature that retaliated against pursuers by flinging its
4893:
4850:
4795:
4678:
4645:
4414:
4307:
4140:
2974:
1345:
1310:
1003:
889:
851:
182:
1569:
Cf. Latin text excerpted by Metcalfe, and an excerpt from the Latin GL folio appended with
1140:, and these attendants of the tarasque could intermittently break off and engage in dance (
4612:(in French). Monique Mestayer. Paris: Éd. de la Réunion des musées nationaux. p. 95.
4041:"Representing the Unrepresentable: Monsters, Mystics and Feminine Men in GaldĂłs's NazarĂn"
3946:
3884:
2680:
2466:
1936:
1780:
1426:
1314:
1211:
1017:
187:
1951:
1611:
Some redactions of Gervais lack the mention of the castle: "sub rupe Tarasconensis", and
1351:
A legendary dragon or dragon-like marine creature reported to have appeared in Vietnam's
1042:, painted apple-green, with gilded hooks and thorns on its back". A tarasque used in the
706:
A tarasque, lesser seal of the city of Tarascon, 15th century. Labeled "TARAS" underneath
958:
924:
545:
in paintings and woodcuts and to the modern-day effigy. Even the turtle-like carapaces (
102:
4841:
Peters, Diane E. (September 1997), "The Life of Martha of Bethany by Pseudo-Marcilia",
4430:
4204:
4078:
3395:(in French), vol. 2, Ministère de la Communauté française de Belgique, p. 294
2685:
2611:
1832:
1664:
1570:
1547:
1486:
1319:
991:
907:
who supplied detailed drawings of the capital, considered it to be an example of early
588:
546:
443:
386:
362:
316:
290:
4354:, vol. 3, Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, pp. 198–204, archived from
3479:
2552:
1641:" of this church. The sculpture is no longer extant, but described and illustrated by
736:
type tokens. The later design of the seal depicting the tarasque with a (turtle-like)
122:
5009:
4812:
The Life of Saint Mary Magdalene and of Her Sister Saint Martha: A Medieval Biography
4553:
4363:
3691:
3644:
3155:
2870:
1742:
1642:
1391:
1368:
1364:
1207:
931:
785:
593:
329:
170:
158:
4862:
3130:, pp. 16–17, small seal (right) and large seal (bottom), from the 15th century.
2167:. Vol. 1. Francesco Stella (tr.). SISMEL - Edizioni del Galluzzo. p. 764.
1313:, and Dumont was disinclined to dismiss Mistral's belief altogether. French scholar
4461:
4434:
3384:
1784:
1399:
1235:
841:
719:
432:
218:
4833:
Malerische FuĂźreise durch das sĂĽdliche Frankreich und einen Theil von Ober-Italien
4649:
3393:
Saints et dragons: rĂ´le des traditions populaires dans la construction de l'Europe
614:
The pseudo-Raban speaks at length of the poisonous fumes exhaled by the tarasque:
4938:
4558:"Intangible Cultural Heritage in France: From State Culture to Local Development"
4465:
2302:
541:
This description is said to "correspond rather closely" to 17th and 18th century
4870:
4629:
4164:, p. 213, though the main topic of discussion concerns the Iron Age relics.
1530:
1253:
1227:
1160:
542:
166:
42:
4854:
4332:
3599:
An English version ... of F. Mistral's Mirèio, from the original Provençal, etc
2548:
820:
The aforementioned sculpture once incorporated into the right side exterior of
487:
4786:
Les fĂŞtes de la Tarasque, suivi des Airs traditionnels des Jeux de la Tarasque
4754:
4535:
4248:
1836:
1410:
1352:
1337:
759:
In late medieval manuscripts, the monster is often depicted devouring people.
428:
108:
4485:
4402:
The role and Symbolism of the Dragon in Vernacular Saints' Legends, 1200-1500
4253:"Rêveries d'après guerre sur des thèmes anciens VI: Le Paradis des voyageurs"
1520:
Medieval sculptures and paintings depict the creature still gorging on a man.
1446:"LA" is the shorthand abbreviation used by Dumont, as compared "SH" for the
1259:
Historically in the city of Seville, it was originally a young boy called a
1245:
1141:
1063:
999:
603:
564:
The "tail of a serpent" detail is given in both the Pseudo-Marcella and the
463:
374:
4599:
3582:, p. 215: "Des fusees sont attachées aux deux narines de la Tarasque".
4578:
Gilmore, David D. (September 2008), "'Tarasca': Ritual Monster of Spain",
4180:
Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe: Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions
503:
As for the description of the tarasque's physical appearance given in the
391:
238:
4530:
2976:
La Tarasque, qu'es aco?: le roi René, les jeux de la Tarasque, le monstre
1835:
according to her best authority, though she was aware of others claiming
1416:
1333:
744:
737:
723:
378:
354:
346:
174:
137:
112:
17:
4591:
4268:
2304:
B. Rabani Mauri fuldensis abbatis et moguntini archiepiscopi opera omnia
2241:"Medieval Men and Women Were a Lot Like Us, Their Made-Up Monsters Show"
5000:
4720:
4657:
4516:
Monuments inédits sur l'apostolat de Sainte Marie-Madeleine en Provence
4351:
Legends of the Saints in the Scottish Dialect of the Fourteenth Century
4319:
3707:
1298:
origin for the legend has been proposed, and endorsed by some writers.
1222:
1203:
903:, dating to the mid-14th century, though earlier commentators, such as
747:, the coat of arms has been described as featuring "below a dragon of
670:
A dragon-like tarasque on the seal of Tarascon, 11th and 12th centuries
584:
370:
67: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4905:
3424:, p. 216: "D'une main elle dirige l'animal avec un simple ruban".
4970:"From Kitchen Scold to Dragon Slayer: The Gospel According to Martha"
4926:
The Spanish Corpus Christi procession: a literary and folkloric study
4564:(2nd rev. ed.), Universitätsverlag Göttingen, pp. 327–340,
1797:
1421:
1385:
1355:
has been called the "Tarasque" after the famed creature of Tarascon.
1215:
1171:
1039:
998:
The festival of the tarasque was initiated on April 14, 1474, during
350:
244:
198:
4311:
1848:
Gilles states a child in the mouth, but it looks to be an adult arm.
1128:
on July 29, or the festival was held on those two days as two acts.
4897:
2530:
Da un delta all'altro. La letteratura del paesaggio tra Rodano e Po
1221:
The first record of the tarasca legend in the peninsula comes from
1186:
442:(Gervais de Tilbury). Gervase assigns the habitat of the tarasque (
3104:(in French). Vol. 7. Paris: Antoine Boudet. pp. 666–668.
2644:. Translated by Jon E. Graham (2nd ed.). Simon and Schuster.
1659:
1341:
1285:
1185:
982:
900:
876:
694:
Tarasque on the greater seal of the city of Tarascon, 15th century
602:. There has also been past comment that the tail should end in an
382:
250:—Painting by a 15c. Provençal artist. Chapel of St. Eligius/Eloi,
30:
This article is about the legendary creature. For other uses, see
4685:. Henry Fairfield Osborn (intro.). New York: Payson & Clarke.
3611:
3609:
2022:
Wieck, Roger S; Voelkle, William M.; Hearne, K. Michelle (2000).
1754:
A sketch of the Auch Cathedral sculpture is appended at the end (
4882:"Aftermath to Opicinus de Canistris Saint Martha and the Dragon"
3166:(in French). Vol. 7. Paris: Firmin Didot. pp. 666–668.
2791:
2789:
2787:
2290:
De Vita Beatae Mariae Magdalenae et sororis ejus Sanctae Marthae
1537:
she holds a holy water bucket with an aspergillum dipping in it.
2164:
Legenda aurea: con le miniature del codice Ambrosiano C 240 inf
2025:
The Hours of Henry VIII: A Renaissance Masterpiece by Jean Poye
639:
De vita beatae Mariae Magdalenae et sororis ejus sanctae Marthe
4015:
The Dances of the Processions of Seville in Spain's Golden Age
1728:
A description of the blazon is also quoted and paraphrased by
1079:
616:
509:
36:
3164:
Revue universelle: recueil documentaire universel et illustré
2717:
2715:
2713:
1896:
1894:
1124:
would commence at Pentecost and continue to the feast day of
1066:
were made to poke out and ignited so it issued fiery sparks.
438:
There is also a brief notice on the tarasque which occurs in
425:
Vita Beatae Mariae Magdalenae et sororis ejus Sanctae Marthae
5046:
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
3490:(in French). Fédération du tourisme du Hainaut. p. 365.
2824:
2822:
2820:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2360:
2358:
1176:
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
353:, the monster allegedly inhabited the forested banks of the
203:
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
4940:
Statistique du département des Bouches-du-Rhône: avec Atlas
4272:: "Graouli Ă Metz, la Tarasque Ă Tarascon". via Wikisource
3694:(March 1952), "(Book review) La Tarasque by Louis Dumont",
2316:
2314:
1155:
In the gap years (first half of the 20th century) when the
3896:
3894:
3591:
Grant, C. H. (translator), note 8 to the Ninth Canto, in:
1637:
BĂ©renger-FĂ©raud did not view the sculpture itself, but a "
964:
Tarasque effigy of Tarascon, early 20th century photograph
4446:"MĂ©reaux des monnoyers de Tarascon, lettre Ă M. de Lagoy"
4419:
Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Midi de la France
3343:
3341:
2856:, p. 454 n67. There is also a copy of the sketch at
2141:
2139:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
1649:, Tome IX, shortly before the church was damaged in 1793.
1332:
Parallels have been drawn with the French legends of the
1071:
4977:
Spectrum: Journal of the Association of Adventist Forums
3242:
3240:
3075:(in French). Vol. 2. Paris: L. Curmer. p. 398.
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
1998:(in French). Réunion des musées nationaux. p. 329.
888:
Another example is the carving of a The tarasque in the
682:
A crocodile-like tarasque, coin during King René's reign
395:) like an arrow, and causing burns. The people besought
4147:(in French). Nimes: Clavel et Chastanier. pp. 8–9.
3854:
Estabilidad y Conflicto en la fiesta del Corpus Christi
3138:
3136:
1877:"Processional giants and dragons in Belgium and France"
281:
St. Martha and tarasque, Diurnal of René II of Lorraine
4436:
Coursos dé la Tarasquo et jocs founda per lou rey Réné
4348:
Barbour, John (1896), Metcalfe, William Musham (ed.),
3857:(in Spanish). Univ de Castilla La Mancha. p. 59.
3459:
3457:
3455:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2497:(2006). Gerner, Dominique; Pignatelli, Cinzia (eds.).
4943:(in French). Vol. 3. Marseilles: Antoine Ricard.
3557:(in French), vol. 1, June 1846, pp. 798–801
3547:
3545:
3543:
3101:
Recueil des sceaux du moyen âge, dits sceaux gothique
1198:(Spanish for Tarasque) is one of the statues of the
1077:
in a popular song attributed to King René of Anjou:
1046:
during the Pentecostal festival is described by the
4804:(in French). Oskar Hennicke. Marburg: N. G. Elwert.
4018:. Kassel: Edition Reichenberger. pp. 213–214.
1309:Gilles's theory was embraced by the Provençal poet
1290:
Tarasque de Noves, dated to 3rd to 1st century B.C.
1190:
Tarasque at a Corpus Christi procession in Valencia
895:Yet another is carved in the capital column of the
4408:(Ph.D.). University of Birmingham. pp. 1–199.
4394:(in French). Paris: Ernest Leroux. pp. 33–80.
751:devouring a man and covered with scales of gold".
408:The account of St. Martha and the tarasque in the
4736:Voyage dans les départements du midi de la France
4580:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
2642:Christian Mythology: Revelations of Pagan Origins
2606:
2604:
2602:
1248:, and the tiny blonde-hair figurine set atop the
524:shield/carapace, like a tortoise's, on each side.
469:The Tarasque, near King René's castle in Tarascon
4815:. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Cistercian Publications.
4210:Where the Mistral Blows: Impressions of Provence
4183:. Paris: Syracuse University Press. p. 29.
4065:New Spanish and English Dictionary: In Two Parts
3919:. Univ de Castilla La Mancha. pp. 179–213.
2979:. Paris: Éditions Le Commercial. pp. 52–53.
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
1602:refers to the pseudo-Marcelle as "ps.-Marcella".
4886:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
4739:, vol. 3, Paris: De l'Imprimerie Imperiale
4713:The Illustrated Book of Dragons and Dragon Lore
3675:
3292:, p. 184: "date du milieu du XIVe siècle".
3022:The Book of Wisdom: With Introduction and Notes
2795:
2664:
2571:Beowulf and the Dragon: Parallels and Analogues
2522:
2520:
2503:. Droz. p. 470, note to 15 to Ch. CLXXXV.
1952:"La Basilique de Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume"
3650:The Terror: A Romance of the French Revolution
3217:(in French). Paris: Firmin Didot. p. 644.
1111:—Text of song as set down by Frédéric Mistral
976:With mouth open, early 20th century photograph
946:Tarasque effigy of Tarascon, 1846 illustration
3963:
2690:and translated into English by Jon E. Graham.
1260:
1239:
899:(Église Métropolitaine de Saint-Trophime) in
8:
4669:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4556:; Eggert, Aditya; Peselmann, Arnika (eds.),
4519:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: J.P. Migne.
4470:(in French) (6 ed.). Paris: Gallimard.
3730:
3728:
3445:Galignani's Traveller's Guide Through France
3019:Goodrick, Alfred Thomas Scrope, ed. (1913).
2881:. Margaret Weis. Paris: Simon and Schuster.
4105:. Cambridge University Press. p. 213.
4102:Headhunting and the Body in Iron Age Europe
3035:
2828:
2704:
1839:(Pentecost Sunday) or two Sundays after it.
1779:René dressed up as a tarasque in the 1469
1511:) which shoots out burn-causing excrements.
1252:tarasca of Toledo is supposed to represent
1163:(d. 1931)'s paper, published posthumously.
817:There are also depictions in architecture.
27:Mythological creature from French mythology
4126:
4124:
4122:
3686:
3684:
3579:
3511:
3509:
3421:
3332:
2960:
2721:
2463:"LXXXV. De lamiis et dracis et phantasiis"
4748:Travels in Southern France's départements
3474:
3472:
3463:
3321:
3317:
3313:
2852:, p. 112, planche XIII) as noted by
2778:
2729:
2471:Des Gervasius von Tilbury Otia Imperialia
2349:
1502:Cf. Pliny's description of the bonnanus (
1104:Let her go by, For she's going to dance!
377:and the legendary Onachus (or onacho, or
252:Basilica of Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume
83:Learn how and when to remove this message
3762:
3627:
3434:
3432:
3430:
2762:
2741:
2161:(2007). Maggioni, Giovanni Paolo (ed.).
1900:
1871:
1869:
1809:The first and the third—"let the witch (
1529:In art, Martha is frequently holding an
1100:Lagadigadèu, The tarasque of the Chateau
4495:"The Ligurian Heracles and la Tarasque"
4392:RĂ©miniscences populaires de la Provence
4372:Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire
4296:"Chinese Dragons and the Bay de Halong"
4281:
3999:
3987:
3959:
3900:
3838:
3826:
3814:
3778:
3663:
3615:
3535:
3500:
3320:, and illustrated edition appearing as
3301:
3261:
3227:
3176:
3127:
3114:
3056:
3025:. London: Rivingtons. pp. 248–249.
3002:
2989:
2940:
2841:
2807:
2376:
2187:
2145:
2091:
2048:
2017:
2015:
1972:
1919:. West Virginia University. p. 20.
1865:
1683:
1599:
1439:
1371:gun (53 T2) used by the French military
1098:Lagadigadèu, The tarasque, The tarasque
879:, 14th century, depicting the Tarasque.
4662:
4384:BĂ©renger-FĂ©raud, Laurent Jean Baptiste
4235:
4223:
3942:
3932:
3880:
3870:
3802:
3774:
3741:. London: B. T. Batsford. p. 98.
3719:
3666:, ed. Koschwitz, p. 193 note to v. 244
3602:. Avignon: J. Roumanille. p. 208.
3531:
3519:
3515:
3409:
3359:
3347:
3289:
3277:
3246:
2956:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2766:
2725:
2676:
2445:
2433:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2364:
2337:
2269:
2257:
2226:
2072:
2060:
1932:
1922:
1612:
1587:
1051:mouth reveals several rows of teeth".
4413:Canéto, Abbé (François) (1853–1860),
4161:
4157:
4131:
3790:
3405:
3142:
3085:
2875:"6 Dragons of European Cultural Myth"
2745:
2574:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 183.
2421:
2320:
2199:
1729:
1459:Cf. Latin text excerpted by Metcalfe.
1395:, a dinosaur named after the Tarasque
1231:of the city in the mid-13th century.
1120:It later became established that the
833:, according to Abbé François Canéto.
802:Martha and Tarasque sculpture, Auch.
574:Laurent Jean Baptiste BĂ©renger-FĂ©raud
373:, a cross-breed between the biblical
337:), which was "the most influential".
7:
4836:(in German). Vol. 2. Karlsruhe.
4830:Mylius, Christian Friedrich (1818).
4552:Fournier, Laurent-SĂ©bastien (2013),
4086:
3975:
3653:, New York: D. Appleton, p. 333
3371:
3126:Cf. the plate illustrations between
2622:(in French). Paris: Editions Imago.
1225:in the year 1282, shortly after the
65:adding citations to reliable sources
4968:Westerbeck, Cynthia (Winter 2002),
4068:. William Tegg and Co. p. 383.
3570:(1846), p. 799: "quatre portefaix".
3554:Nouvelles des Sciences: La Tarasque
2912:. Paris: Albin Michel. p. 396.
2063:, p. 149, citing E. H. Duprat.
1472:could be taken to be ablative with
1234:The Spanish version is tinged with
1085:Lagadigadèu, la Tarasco, la Tarasco
4918:(in French). Avignon: Seguin ainé.
2848:: 1209–1210, reprinted by Dumont (
2116:(1998). Stace, Christopher (ed.).
1916:The 'Ascension' of the Virgin Mary
1087:Lagadigadèu, la Tarasco dóu castèu
606:'s shape, according to tradition.
25:
5001:Tarasque Tudela - Navarra - Spain
4715:. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books.
4294:Birnbaum, Martin (January 1952),
3069:Eschavannes, Jouffroy d' (1848).
2535:UniversitĂ degli studi di Ferrara
2527:Lycourentzos, Irene (2015–2016).
930:Tarasque effigy, illustration by
181:According to tradition, in 1474,
4606:Gueusquin, Marie-France (1992).
4257:Revue des Deux Mondes 6e période
3777:, p. 46ff, 101ff, cited by
3207:Girault de Saint-Fargeau, Eusèbe
1114:—English translation by Janvier
1091:Leissas-la passa que vai dansa.
1089:Leissas-la passa la vièio masco,
969:
957:
939:
923:
861:
840:
822:Église Sainte-Marthe de Tarascon
795:
780:Église Sainte-Marthe de Tarascon
771:
718:The Tarasque is featured on the
699:
687:
675:
663:
570:Église Sainte-Marthe de Tarascon
474:
462:
302:
274:
237:
217:
121:
101:
41:
4547:(in French). Tarascon: Aubanel.
4439:(in Occitan). Arles: D. Garcin.
3722:, pp. 38–39: "Le chariot".
3316:, pp. 171–172 (orig. pub.
2239:Frey, Angelica (25 July 2018).
1573:'s rendering in Brown's thesis.
52:needs additional citations for
4923:Very, Francis George (1962) .
4562:Heritage Regimes and the State
4213:. London: Methuen. p. 77.
3448:. Galignani. pp. 350–351.
2379:, p. 137 and note 2 apud
1697:Recueil de sceaux du moyen âge
1557:zona sua propria collum cinxit
1533:(holy water sprinkle). In the
1002:in Tarascon, at the behest of
831:Cathédrale Sainte-Marie d'Auch
825:the paneling sculpture of the
807:Cathédrale Sainte-Marie d'Auch
740:appeared in the 15th century.
572:) according to surgeon-author
230:—BnF ms. français 242, c. 1402
140:, during the June celebrations
1:
5026:Christian legendary creatures
4650:10.1080/0015587X.1952.9718131
4634:"Saint Martha and the Dragon"
4399:Brown, Patricia (July 1998).
4012:Brooks, Lynn Matluck (1988).
3192:Provence: Land of Enchantment
2959:, p. 99, also quoted by
2930:(524): 32–33, 17 January 1887
2724:, pp. 214–215, cited by
2190:, p. 200, note to 28, 29
2122:. Penguin. pp. 183–184.
2119:The Golden Legend: Selections
535:—From the French translation
369:) was said to have come from
224:St. Martha and the tarasque,
4444:de Courtois, Alfred (1848),
4062:Meadows, F. C., ed. (1850).
4045:Journal of Hispanic Research
3195:. Rand McNally. p. 109.
2973:Nourri, Jean Pierre (1973).
2638:"Eight: August 1, Lughnasad"
2588:Vita S. Marthae, Sanctuarium
1102:Let her go by, The old witch
4809:Mycoff, David, ed. (1989).
3117:, pp. 16–17 and plate.
3098:Migieu, Marquis de (1779).
2679:, p. 158, requoted by
2473:. Penguin. pp. 38–39.
1990:Taburet-Delahaye, Elisabeth
1913:Manning, Warren F. (1971).
911:art from the 11th century.
5062:
5036:French legendary creatures
4855:10.1177/004056399705800303
4536:HathiTrust Digital Library
3735:Turnbull, Patrick (1972).
847:Tarasque devouring a man.
29:
4935:Villeneuve, Christophe de
4493:Ettlinger, Ellen (1964),
2568:Rauer, Christine (2000).
1200:Corpus Christi procession
1030:19th century descriptions
309:St. Martha and tarasque,
32:Tarasque (disambiguation)
4783:—— (1862b).
4768:"Li fèsto de la tarasco"
4744:—— (1808b).
4711:—— (1995) .
4690:—— (2005) .
4141:"VIII 1er Août Lugnasad"
3518:, p. 335, cited by
3484:"VIII 1er Août Lugnasad"
3389:"La sainte et le Dragon"
2928:Le Pèlerin du 20e siècle
2765:, p. 11, quoted by
2636:—— (2014) .
2616:"VIII 1er Août Lugnasad"
1282:Celtic origin hypothesis
1083:
714:Heraldry and numismatics
620:
513:
4948:Watson, Arthur (1901),
4801:Mirèio: poème provençal
4794:—— (1900).
4693:Dragons and Dragon Lore
4683:Dragons and Dragon Lore
4541:—— (1835).
4511:Faillon, Étienne-Michel
4499:Ogam Tradition Celtique
3189:Cali, François (1965).
2744:, p. 74, cited by
2554:Antiquités de Lyon, etc
1950:Georges Millet (2010).
1662:notes a passage in the
788:'s drawing in the 1790s
755:Illuminated manuscripts
516:utraque parte munitus.
4912:VĂ©ran, Joseph (1868).
4696:. Mineola, NY: Dover.
3676:BĂ©renger-FĂ©raud (1886)
3534:, p. 238, citing
2796:BĂ©renger-FĂ©raud (1886)
2665:BĂ©renger-FĂ©raud (1886)
1551:
1490:
1380:Dungeons & Dragons
1291:
1261:
1240:
1191:
1096:
1072:
995:
897:Church of St. Trophime
873:Church of St. Trophime
644:—Mycoff's translation
628:
550:
521:
447:
390:
366:
191:
4880:(January–June 1962),
4205:Day, Susanne Rouviere
4175:Davidson, H. R. Ellis
4083:Agricultura cristiana
3962:, p. 368 citing
3640:Janvier, Catharine A.
2879:Mythologie chrétienne
2620:Mythologie chrétienne
2416:12th century accord.
2245:The New York Observer
1367:, a towed 20 mm
1289:
1189:
986:
295:. BnF ms. Latin 10491
5041:Mythological hybrids
4251:(1 September 1918),
4134:, pp. 195–196)
4039:Labanyi, Jo (1992),
3964:Cuesta GarcĂa (2002)
3841:, pp. 364, 365.
3211:"Tarascon-sur-RhĂ´ne"
3088:, p. xxxvii n1.
2590:in the Bollandists'
2395:, pp. 148, 149.
1760:) of Canéto's piece.
1406:Mont Gerbier de Jonc
1148:Dates of observation
1023:Tartarin de Tarascon
805:—Choir stall of the
623:fetore mortificans.
598:according to writer
61:improve this article
4878:Salomon, Richard G.
4843:Theological Studies
4731:Millin, Aubin-Louis
4099:Armit, Ian (2012).
4002:, pp. 363–365.
3805:, p. 46, 95–96
2418:Sabine Baring-Gould
2367:, pp. 444–445.
2352:, pp. 167–169.
2323:, pp. 103–104.
2299:Migne, Jacques-Paul
2159:Jacobus de Voragine
2114:Jacobus de Voragine
1903:, pp. 335–338.
1535:Hours of Henry VIII
1448:Speculum Historiale
1048:Count of Villeneuve
1012:In the modern day (
934:, late 18th century
655:Medieval depictions
566:Speculum Historiale
418:Speculum historiale
414:Vincent de Beauvais
311:Hours of Henry VIII
156:. According to the
152:is a creature from
5021:Christian folklore
4630:Gutch, Eliza, Mrs.
4450:Revue numismatique
3036:Canéto (1853–1860)
2909:Bestiaire fabuleux
2904:Clébert, Jean-Paul
2829:Canéto (1853–1860)
2705:de Courtois (1848)
2537:. p. 99 n278.
2495:Gervase of Tilbury
2459:Gervase of Tilbury
1292:
1214:, and the city of
1192:
1036:Aubin-Louis Millin
996:
778:Lost sculpture at
494:Antiquités de Lyon
440:Gervase of Tilbury
315:—ca 1500. Held by
4796:Koschwitz, Eduard
4772:Armana Prouvençau
4764:Mistral, Frédéric
4679:Ingersoll, Ernest
4632:(December 1952),
3630:, pp. 76–77.
3594:Mistral, Frédéric
3580:Villeneuve (1826)
3568:Revue Britannique
3422:Villeneuve (1826)
3333:Villeneuve (1826)
3234:: 1204, 1209–1210
3179:, pp. 16–17.
2961:Westerbeck (2002)
2728:, p. 43 and
2722:Villeneuve (1826)
2667:, pp. 70–71.
2480:978-5-87990-110-8
2174:978-88-8450-245-2
1476:being nominative.
1434:Explanatory notes
1336:in Metz, and the
1132:Modern-day effigy
1118:
1117:
1014:post-World War II
871:—Cloister of the
648:
647:
600:Jean-Paul Clébert
539:
538:
532:—Pseudo-Marcella
247:and the Tarasque
93:
92:
85:
16:(Redirected from
5053:
5031:European dragons
5016:Bouches-du-RhĂ´ne
4984:
4974:
4961:
4944:
4930:
4919:
4908:
4873:
4837:
4826:
4805:
4790:
4779:
4758:
4752:
4740:
4724:
4707:
4686:
4674:
4668:
4660:
4623:
4602:
4574:
4548:
4533:
4520:
4506:
4489:
4457:
4440:
4426:
4409:
4407:
4395:
4379:
4378:(3–4): 1012–1015
4359:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4300:Western Folklore
4291:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4171:
4165:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4128:
4117:
4116:
4096:
4090:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4009:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3930:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3889:
3888:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3868:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3732:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3688:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3549:
3538:
3529:
3523:
3513:
3504:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3476:
3467:
3464:Gueusquin (1992)
3461:
3450:
3449:
3436:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3322:Ingersoll (1995)
3318:Ingersoll (1928)
3314:Ingersoll (2005)
3311:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3259:
3250:
3244:
3235:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3131:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3010:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2970:
2964:
2954:
2948:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2867:
2861:
2840:Illustration on
2838:
2832:
2826:
2815:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2782:
2779:Ettlinger (1964)
2776:
2770:
2760:
2749:
2739:
2733:
2730:Ettlinger (1964)
2719:
2708:
2702:
2691:
2689:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2633:
2612:Walter, Philippe
2608:
2597:
2585:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2467:Liebrecht, Felix
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2414:
2408:
2407:, pp. 8–10.
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2353:
2350:Ettlinger (1964)
2347:
2341:
2335:
2324:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2286:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2110:
2095:
2089:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2019:
2010:
2009:
1986:
1980:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1873:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1807:
1801:
1794:
1788:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1752:
1746:
1739:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1693:
1687:
1680:
1674:
1656:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1580:
1574:
1567:
1561:
1544:
1538:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1500:
1494:
1485:Onachus/onacho (
1483:
1477:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1444:
1323:
1311:Frederic Mistral
1294:A pre-Christian
1264:
1243:
1080:
1075:
973:
961:
943:
927:
890:Montmajour Abbey
880:
868:Column capital.
865:
855:
852:Montmajour Abbey
844:
809:
799:
789:
775:
703:
691:
679:
667:
617:
597:
582:
510:
491:
478:
466:
319:
306:
296:
294:
278:
262:
260:
241:
231:
221:
154:French mythology
141:
125:
105:
88:
81:
77:
74:
68:
45:
37:
21:
5061:
5060:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5006:
5005:
4997:
4992:
4972:
4967:
4947:
4933:
4929:. Tip. Moderna.
4922:
4911:
4876:
4840:
4829:
4823:
4808:
4793:
4782:
4762:
4743:
4729:
4710:
4704:
4689:
4677:
4661:
4628:
4620:
4605:
4577:
4572:
4551:
4540:
4529:
4509:
4492:
4478:
4460:
4443:
4431:Desanat, Joseph
4429:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4388:"2 La Tarasque"
4382:
4364:Benoit, Fernand
4362:
4347:
4338:
4330:
4326:
4312:10.2307/1497284
4293:
4292:
4288:
4280:
4276:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4238:, p. 1013.
4234:
4230:
4222:
4218:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4191:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4156:
4152:
4137:Gilles, Isidore
4135:
4129:
4120:
4113:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4079:Pineda, Juan de
4077:
4073:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4026:
4011:
4010:
4006:
3998:
3994:
3986:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3958:
3954:
3941:
3931:
3927:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3899:
3892:
3879:
3869:
3865:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3837:
3833:
3825:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3801:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3773:
3769:
3763:Fournier (2013)
3761:
3757:
3749:
3734:
3733:
3726:
3718:
3714:
3690:
3689:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3662:
3658:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3628:Mistral (1862a)
3626:
3622:
3614:
3607:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3562:
3551:
3550:
3541:
3530:
3526:
3514:
3507:
3499:
3495:
3478:
3477:
3470:
3462:
3453:
3438:
3437:
3428:
3420:
3416:
3404:
3400:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3362:, p. 1014.
3358:
3354:
3346:
3339:
3331:
3327:
3312:
3308:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3276:
3272:
3260:
3253:
3245:
3238:
3226:
3222:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3156:Moreau, Georges
3154:
3153:
3149:
3141:
3134:
3125:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3084:
3080:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3055:
3042:
3034:
3030:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3000:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2955:
2951:
2939:
2935:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2889:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2818:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2763:Mistral (1862b)
2761:
2752:
2742:Mistral (1862a)
2740:
2736:
2720:
2711:
2703:
2694:
2683:
2681:Philippe Walter
2675:
2671:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2635:
2630:
2610:
2609:
2600:
2582:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2428:
2415:
2411:
2403:
2399:
2391:
2387:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2336:
2327:
2319:
2312:
2297:
2287:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2252:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2112:
2111:
2098:
2090:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1931:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1901:Fournier (2013)
1899:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1867:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1808:
1804:
1795:
1791:
1778:
1774:
1770:mandato regio".
1768:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1695:The author of
1694:
1690:
1681:
1677:
1657:
1653:
1647:Notes mélangées
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1610:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1564:
1545:
1541:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1484:
1480:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1377:, a monster in
1361:
1330:
1317:
1315:Philippe Walter
1284:
1279:
1184:
1157:jeu de Tarasque
1150:
1134:
1122:jeu de Tarasque
1106:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1044:jeu de tarasque
1032:
1018:Alphonse Daudet
981:
980:
979:
978:
977:
974:
966:
965:
962:
951:
950:
949:
948:
947:
944:
936:
935:
928:
917:
886:
885:
884:
883:
882:
881:
870:
866:
858:
857:
856:
849:
845:
815:
814:
813:
812:
811:
810:
804:
800:
792:
791:
790:
783:
776:
765:
757:
716:
711:
710:
709:
708:
707:
704:
696:
695:
692:
684:
683:
680:
672:
671:
668:
657:
637:—Pseudo-Raban,
632:
625:
612:
591:
576:
562:
527:
525:
518:
501:
500:
499:
498:
497:
485:
481:Tarasque. From
479:
471:
470:
467:
456:
406:
343:
325:
324:
323:
322:
321:
320:
314:
307:
299:
298:
297:
288:
286:Georges Trubert
283:
279:
268:
267:
266:
265:
264:
263:
254:
249:
242:
234:
233:
232:
229:
222:
211:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
135:
131:
130:
129:
126:
117:
116:
115:
106:
89:
78:
72:
69:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5059:
5057:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5003:
4996:
4995:External links
4993:
4991:
4990:
4965:
4950:"The Tarasque"
4945:
4931:
4920:
4909:
4898:10.2307/750550
4874:
4849:(3): 441–460,
4838:
4827:
4821:
4806:
4791:
4780:
4774:(in Occitan),
4760:
4741:
4726:
4725:
4708:
4702:
4687:
4675:
4644:(4): 193–203,
4625:
4624:
4618:
4603:
4586:(3): 362–382,
4575:
4570:
4554:Bendix, Regina
4549:
4538:
4507:
4490:
4476:
4458:
4441:
4427:
4410:
4396:
4380:
4360:
4358:on 11 May 2008
4344:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4336:
4324:
4286:
4284:, p. 450.
4282:Millin (1808b)
4274:
4240:
4228:
4226:, p. 175.
4216:
4196:
4189:
4166:
4150:
4118:
4111:
4091:
4071:
4054:
4031:
4024:
4004:
4000:Gilmore (2008)
3992:
3990:, p. 363.
3988:Gilmore (2008)
3980:
3968:
3966:, p. 182.
3960:Gilmore (2008)
3952:
3925:
3905:
3903:, p. 141.
3901:Salomon (1962)
3890:
3863:
3843:
3839:Gilmore (2008)
3831:
3829:, p. 365.
3827:Gilmore (2008)
3819:
3817:, p. 362.
3815:Gilmore (2008)
3807:
3795:
3793:, p. 202.
3783:
3779:Gilmore (2008)
3767:
3765:, p. 337.
3755:
3747:
3724:
3712:
3680:
3668:
3664:Mistral (1900)
3656:
3632:
3620:
3616:Desanat (1846)
3605:
3584:
3572:
3560:
3539:
3536:Desanat (1846)
3524:
3505:
3503:, p. 451.
3501:Millin (1808b)
3493:
3468:
3451:
3426:
3414:
3398:
3385:Vierne, Simone
3376:
3374:, p. 138.
3364:
3352:
3350:, p. 101.
3337:
3335:, p. 216.
3325:
3306:
3304:, frontispiece
3302:Desanat (1846)
3294:
3282:
3280:, p. 184.
3270:
3262:Faillon (1818)
3251:
3249:, p. 234.
3236:
3228:Faillon (1818)
3220:
3198:
3181:
3177:Faillon (1835)
3169:
3158:, ed. (1897).
3147:
3145:, p. 203.
3132:
3128:Faillon (1835)
3119:
3115:Faillon (1835)
3107:
3090:
3078:
3061:
3057:Faillon (1835)
3040:
3028:
3011:
3003:Faillon (1848)
2994:
2990:Gilmore (2008)
2982:
2965:
2949:
2941:Faillon (1848)
2933:
2915:
2895:
2887:
2871:Niles, Douglas
2862:
2860:, p. 238.
2842:Faillon (1818)
2833:
2816:
2808:Faillon (1818)
2800:
2783:
2781:, p. 169.
2771:
2750:
2734:
2709:
2692:
2669:
2657:
2650:
2628:
2598:
2580:
2560:
2540:
2516:
2509:
2486:
2479:
2450:
2448:, p. 251.
2438:
2426:
2409:
2397:
2385:
2377:Salomon (1962)
2369:
2354:
2342:
2340:, p. 150.
2325:
2310:
2301:, ed. (1852).
2274:
2272:, p. 235.
2262:
2250:
2231:
2229:, p. 238.
2204:
2202:, p. 104.
2192:
2188:Barbour (1896)
2180:
2173:
2150:
2148:, p. 199.
2146:Barbour (1896)
2135:
2128:
2096:
2094:, p. 138.
2092:Salomon (1962)
2077:
2075:, p. 445.
2065:
2053:
2051:, p. 367.
2049:Gilmore (2008)
2041:
2034:
2011:
2004:
1992:, ed. (2010).
1981:
1973:Faillon (1818)
1965:
1942:
1905:
1890:
1879:. UNESCO. 2008
1864:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1841:
1833:Trinity Sunday
1824:
1815:
1802:
1789:
1772:
1762:
1757:opposite p. 30
1747:
1734:
1721:
1711:
1701:
1688:
1684:Faillon (1835)
1675:
1665:Book of Wisdom
1651:
1630:
1621:
1619:) of Tarscon'.
1604:
1600:Salomon (1962)
1592:
1590:, p. 150.
1575:
1562:
1539:
1522:
1513:
1495:
1478:
1461:
1452:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1383:
1372:
1360:
1357:
1329:
1326:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1183:
1180:
1149:
1146:
1133:
1130:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1094:
1031:
1028:
992:Museon Arlaten
975:
968:
967:
963:
956:
955:
954:
953:
952:
945:
938:
937:
929:
922:
921:
920:
919:
918:
916:
913:
869:
867:
860:
859:
848:
846:
839:
838:
837:
836:
835:
803:
801:
794:
793:
782:
777:
770:
769:
768:
767:
766:
764:
761:
756:
753:
715:
712:
705:
698:
697:
693:
686:
685:
681:
674:
673:
669:
662:
661:
660:
659:
658:
656:
653:
646:
645:
642:
634:
633:
626:
611:
608:
561:
558:
537:
536:
533:
529:
528:
519:
480:
473:
472:
468:
461:
460:
459:
458:
457:
455:
452:
405:
402:
361:The Tarasque (
342:
339:
317:Morgan Library
313:
308:
301:
300:
284:—c.1492/93 by
282:
280:
273:
272:
271:
270:
269:
248:
243:
236:
235:
228:
223:
216:
215:
214:
213:
212:
210:
207:
134:
133:
132:
127:
120:
119:
118:
107:
100:
99:
98:
97:
96:
91:
90:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5058:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4988:
4982:
4978:
4971:
4966:
4964:
4959:
4955:
4954:The Antiquary
4951:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4828:
4824:
4822:9780879076085
4818:
4814:
4813:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4788:
4787:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4759:(translation)
4756:
4751:
4749:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4703:9780486440743
4699:
4695:
4694:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4619:9782711827138
4615:
4611:
4610:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4576:
4573:
4571:9783863951221
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4526:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4477:9782070220762
4473:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4462:Dumont, Louis
4459:
4455:
4452:(in French),
4451:
4447:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4421:(in French),
4420:
4416:
4411:
4404:
4403:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4374:(in French),
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4287:
4283:
4278:
4275:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4241:
4237:
4236:Benoit (1952)
4232:
4229:
4225:
4224:Dumont (1951)
4220:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4192:
4190:9780815624417
4186:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4154:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4112:9780521877565
4108:
4104:
4103:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4075:
4072:
4067:
4066:
4058:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4035:
4032:
4027:
4025:9783923593651
4021:
4017:
4016:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3984:
3981:
3978:, p. 66.
3977:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3936:
3928:
3926:9784842718705
3922:
3918:
3917:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3874:
3866:
3864:9784842718705
3860:
3856:
3855:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3803:Dumont (1951)
3799:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3784:
3781:, p. 368
3780:
3776:
3775:Dumont (1951)
3771:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3756:
3750:
3748:9780713401653
3744:
3740:
3739:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3720:Dumont (1951)
3716:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3678:, p. 35.
3677:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3657:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3621:
3618:, title page.
3617:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3532:Watson (1901)
3528:
3525:
3521:
3520:Dumont (1951)
3517:
3516:Mylius (1818)
3512:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3480:Glotz, Samuël
3475:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3440:Coxe, William
3435:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3412:, p. 235
3411:
3410:Watson (1901)
3407:
3402:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3360:Benoit (1952)
3356:
3353:
3349:
3348:Dumont (1951)
3344:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3290:Dumont (1951)
3286:
3283:
3279:
3278:Dumont (1951)
3274:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3247:Watson (1901)
3243:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3065:
3062:
3059:, p. 16.
3058:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2957:Mycoff (1989)
2953:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2924:"La Tarasque"
2919:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2890:
2888:9781440562167
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2858:Watson (1901)
2855:
2854:Peters (1997)
2851:
2850:Dumont (1951)
2847:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2831:, p. 14.
2830:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2801:
2798:, p. 71.
2797:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2767:Dumont (1951)
2764:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2735:
2732:, p. 169
2731:
2727:
2726:Dumont (1951)
2723:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2707:, p. 67.
2706:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2677:Dumont (1951)
2673:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2651:9781620553695
2647:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2629:9782849522387
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2581:9780859915922
2577:
2573:
2572:
2564:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2551:(1501–1600).
2550:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2510:9782600009164
2506:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2446:Dumont (1951)
2442:
2439:
2435:
2434:Dumont (1951)
2430:
2427:
2424:, p. 193
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2405:Mycoff (1989)
2401:
2398:
2394:
2393:Dumont (1951)
2389:
2386:
2383:, p. 148
2382:
2381:Dumont (1951)
2378:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2365:Peters (1997)
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2338:Dumont (1951)
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2270:Watson (1901)
2266:
2263:
2260:, p. 99.
2259:
2258:Mycoff (1989)
2254:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2227:Watson (1901)
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2129:9780140446487
2125:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2073:Peters (1997)
2069:
2066:
2062:
2061:Dumont (1951)
2057:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2035:9780807614778
2031:
2027:
2026:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2005:9782711856992
2001:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1926:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1743:Conrad Mouren
1738:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1715:
1712:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1643:Conrad Mouren
1640:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:Watson (1901)
1608:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1588:Dumont (1951)
1585:
1584:Legenda Aurea
1579:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1546:to its neck (
1543:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:Tarascosaurus
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1369:anti-aircraft
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1092:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1004:René of Anjou
1001:
993:
989:
985:
972:
960:
942:
933:
932:Conrad Mouren
926:
914:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
893:
891:
878:
874:
864:
853:
843:
834:
832:
828:
823:
818:
808:
798:
787:
786:Conrad Mouren
781:
774:
762:
760:
754:
752:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
734:
729:
725:
721:
713:
702:
690:
678:
666:
654:
652:
643:
640:
636:
635:
631:
627:
624:
619:
618:
615:
610:Poison breath
609:
607:
605:
601:
595:
590:
586:
580:
575:
571:
567:
559:
557:
554:
552:
548:
544:
534:
531:
530:
526:
520:
517:
512:
511:
508:
506:
505:Legenda aurea
495:
489:
484:
477:
465:
453:
451:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
410:Golden Legend
404:Other sources
403:
401:
398:
394:
393:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
356:
352:
348:
341:Legenda aurea
340:
338:
336:
335:Legenda aurea
332:
331:
330:Golden Legend
318:
312:
305:
292:
287:
277:
258:
253:
246:
240:
227:
226:Legenda aurea
220:
208:
206:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
184:
183:René of Anjou
179:
176:
172:
171:Gothic period
168:
163:
161:
160:
159:Golden Legend
155:
151:
139:
124:
114:
110:
104:
95:
87:
84:
76:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This section
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4980:
4976:
4957:
4953:
4939:
4925:
4914:
4889:
4885:
4846:
4842:
4832:
4811:
4800:
4789:(in French).
4785:
4775:
4771:
4753:– via
4747:
4735:
4712:
4692:
4682:
4641:
4637:
4608:
4583:
4579:
4561:
4543:
4531:1865 edition
4524:
4515:
4502:
4498:
4466:
4453:
4449:
4435:
4422:
4418:
4401:
4391:
4375:
4371:
4356:the original
4350:
4341:Bibliography
4327:
4306:(1): 32–37,
4303:
4299:
4289:
4277:
4260:
4256:
4243:
4231:
4219:
4209:
4199:
4179:
4169:
4162:Armit (2012)
4158:Gutch (1952)
4153:
4144:
4132:Gutch (1952)
4101:
4094:
4089:, p. 66
4082:
4074:
4064:
4057:
4048:
4044:
4034:
4014:
4007:
3995:
3983:
3971:
3955:
3915:
3908:
3853:
3846:
3834:
3822:
3810:
3798:
3791:Gutch (1952)
3786:
3770:
3758:
3737:
3715:
3702:(1): 56–58,
3699:
3695:
3671:
3659:
3649:
3635:
3623:
3598:
3587:
3575:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3527:
3522:, p. 43
3496:
3487:
3444:
3417:
3406:VĂ©ran (1868)
3401:
3392:
3379:
3367:
3355:
3328:
3309:
3297:
3285:
3273:
3265:
3231:
3223:
3214:
3201:
3191:
3184:
3172:
3163:
3150:
3143:Gutch (1952)
3122:
3110:
3100:
3093:
3086:VĂ©ran (1868)
3081:
3071:
3064:
3031:
3021:
3014:
3006:
2997:
2985:
2975:
2968:
2963:, p. 15
2952:
2944:
2936:
2927:
2918:
2908:
2898:
2878:
2865:
2845:
2836:
2814:: 1203–1204.
2811:
2803:
2774:
2746:Gutch (1952)
2737:
2672:
2660:
2641:
2619:
2596:compendium).
2591:
2587:
2570:
2563:
2557:(in French).
2553:
2549:Sala, Pierre
2543:
2529:
2499:
2489:
2470:
2453:
2441:
2429:
2422:Gutch (1952)
2412:
2400:
2388:
2372:
2345:
2321:Brown (1998)
2303:
2288:
2265:
2253:
2244:
2234:
2200:Brown (1998)
2195:
2183:
2163:
2153:
2118:
2068:
2056:
2044:
2024:
1994:
1984:
1979:: 1217–1218.
1976:
1968:
1958:14 September
1956:. Retrieved
1945:
1915:
1908:
1883:24 September
1881:. Retrieved
1844:
1827:
1818:
1810:
1805:
1792:
1785:Walter Scott
1775:
1765:
1750:
1737:
1730:Gutch (1952)
1724:
1714:
1704:
1696:
1691:
1678:
1669:
1663:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1633:
1624:
1616:
1607:
1595:
1583:
1578:
1565:
1555:
1542:
1525:
1516:
1505:
1498:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1455:
1447:
1442:
1400:Ankylosaurus
1398:
1390:
1378:
1350:
1344:defeated by
1331:
1308:
1300:
1293:
1269:
1267:
1258:
1250:papier-mâché
1241:tarasquillas
1236:misogynistic
1233:
1226:
1220:
1195:
1193:
1169:
1165:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1137:
1135:
1126:Saint Martha
1121:
1119:
1097:
1084:
1070:
1068:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1021:
1011:
1008:
997:
987:
894:
892:near Arles.
887:
819:
816:
763:Architecture
758:
742:
731:
720:coat of arms
717:
649:
638:
629:
621:
613:
565:
563:
555:
540:
522:
514:
504:
502:
493:
437:
435:and others.
433:Louis Dumont
424:
422:
417:
409:
407:
397:Saint Martha
360:
344:
334:
328:
326:
225:
196:
180:
164:
157:
149:
147:
111:Tarasque in
94:
79:
70:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
4892:: 137–146,
4333:Ha Long Bay
4249:Lenotre, G.
4087:Very (1962)
3976:Very (1962)
3943:|work=
3881:|work=
3645:Gras, FĂ©lix
3372:Very (1962)
2684: [
2533:(Masters).
1954:(in French)
1933:|work=
1783:, noted by
1531:aspergillum
1346:St. Romanus
1318: [
1262:tarasquillo
1254:Anne Boleyn
1228:reconquista
1161:Eliza Gutch
1138:TarascaĂŻres
990:costume in
915:Festivities
854:near Arles.
592: [
577: [
543:iconography
486: [
483:Pierre Sala
454:Description
289: [
255: [
167:iconography
5010:Categories
4989:via Google
4983:(1): 11–16
4755:Wikisource
4721:B00D959PJ0
4263:(1): 102,
4130:(Cited by
3692:Alford, V.
3268:: 631–632.
3160:"Tarasque"
1856:References
1837:Whitsunday
1781:masquerade
1582:"LA" (for
1468:The Latin
1411:Gargouille
1353:Halong Bay
1338:Gargouille
988:TarascaĂŻre
829:stalls at
641:. Cap. XL
429:Raban Maur
367:Tarasconus
245:St. Martha
178:dangling.
109:Fibreglass
4960:: 234–239
4871:212690323
4766:(1862a),
4733:(1808a),
4505:: 157–172
4486:2649-8952
3945:ignored (
3935:cite book
3883:ignored (
3873:cite book
2893:(catalog)
2614:(2011) .
2294:, Cap. XL
1935:ignored (
1925:cite book
1861:Citations
1658:Although
1417:Graouilli
1375:Tarrasque
1334:Graouilli
1328:Parallels
1268:The word
1246:mannequin
1142:farandole
1000:Pentecost
604:arrowhead
375:Leviathan
165:Medieval
128:Rear view
73:June 2023
18:Tarrasque
4963:Tarasque
4937:(1826).
4867:ProQuest
4863:56448114
4681:(1928).
4665:citation
4638:Folklore
4600:19831233
4592:40541592
4528:(1848);
4513:(1818).
4464:(1951).
4433:(1846).
4386:(1886).
4366:(1952),
4269:44820862
4207:(1933).
4177:(1988).
4139:(1885).
4081:(1589),
3738:Provence
3696:Folklore
3647:(1911),
3596:(1867).
3482:(1975).
3442:(1819).
3387:(1996),
3209:(1844).
2906:(1971).
2873:(2013).
2461:(1998).
1639:portrait
1413:of Rouen
1365:Tarasque
1359:See also
1304:chimeric
1277:Theories
1212:Valencia
1182:In Spain
745:heraldry
738:carapace
724:Tarascon
448:tarascus
358:teeth".
347:Provence
175:Tarascon
150:Tarasque
138:Tarascon
113:Tarascon
4798:(ed.).
4778:: 71–84
4658:1257108
4534:at the
4523:Volume
4456:: 66–71
4320:1256771
4085:, apud
3708:1256771
2469:(ed.).
2420:, apud
1699:(1779).
1645:in his
1617:castrum
1474:onachus
1429:or coca
1270:tarasca
1223:Seville
1204:Granada
1196:Tarasca
1073:tarasco
1064:rockets
905:Faillon
784:—After
749:sinople
728:Faillon
392:stercus
379:bonacho
371:Galatia
4906:750550
4904:
4869:
4861:
4819:
4750:
4719:
4700:
4656:
4616:
4598:
4590:
4568:
4484:
4474:
4425:: 7–30
4318:
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4022:
3923:
3861:
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2947:: 543.
2885:
2648:
2626:
2578:
2507:
2477:
2171:
2126:
2032:
2002:
1811:masquo
1798:calico
1673:eyes".
1571:Caxton
1552:collum
1491:onacho
1470:onacho
1422:Peluda
1386:Bowser
1296:Celtic
1216:Madrid
1210:, and
1208:Toledo
1172:UNESCO
1040:canvas
909:Gothic
733:méreau
551:parmae
496:(16c.)
400:died.
351:France
209:Legend
199:UNESCO
188:French
4973:(PDF)
4902:JSTOR
4859:S2CID
4654:JSTOR
4588:JSTOR
4406:(PDF)
4316:JSTOR
4265:JSTOR
4051:: 235
3704:JSTOR
3408:apud
2688:]
2465:. In
1719:rule.
1660:Migne
1548:Latin
1487:Latin
1342:Rouen
1322:]
1060:fuses
901:Arles
877:Arles
827:choir
596:]
581:]
547:Latin
490:]
444:Latin
387:Latin
363:Latin
355:RhĂ´ne
293:]
259:]
4987:copy
4817:ISBN
4717:ASIN
4698:ISBN
4671:link
4614:ISBN
4596:PMID
4566:ISBN
4482:ISSN
4472:ISBN
4185:ISBN
4107:ISBN
4020:ISBN
3947:help
3921:ISBN
3885:help
3859:ISBN
3743:ISBN
3642:tr.
3001:Cf.
2883:ISBN
2646:ISBN
2624:ISBN
2576:ISBN
2505:ISBN
2475:ISBN
2169:ISBN
2124:ISBN
2030:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1960:2020
1937:help
1885:2020
1670:Sap.
1508:8.16
1506:Nat.
1427:Coco
1194:The
589:spur
587:'s)
585:cock
560:Tail
383:dung
192:char
148:The
4894:doi
4851:doi
4646:doi
4584:152
4308:doi
2593:BHL
1796:Or
1682:On
1560:)".
1340:of
1174:'s
1144:).
1062:or
1020:'s
875:in
722:of
492:'s
416:'s
345:In
201:'s
63:by
5012::
4985:;
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4979:,
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4956:,
4952:,
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