406:
1199:
65:
1239:
1157:
630:
1013:
1134:
1114:
1056:
54:
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1316:, bone and wood cover both religious and secular subjects, and were for church and domestic use. These sculptures were created by urban artisans, and the most common theme for three-dimensional small statues is the Virgin Mary alone or with a child. Paris was the main centre of ivory workshops, and exported to most of northern Europe, though Italy also had a considerable production. An exemplar of these independent sculptures is among the collections of the Abbey Church of St Denis; the silver-gilt
659:. In the early part of the period mainly black paint and clear or brightly coloured glass was used, but in the early 14th century the use of compounds of silver, painted on glass which was then fired, allowed a number of variations of colour, centred on yellows, to be used with clear glass in a single piece. By the end of the period designs increasingly used large pieces of glass which were painted, with yellows as the dominant colours, and relatively few smaller pieces of glass in other colours.
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1085:
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seen in the style of figures or compositions themselves. Then figures become more animated in pose and facial expression, tend to be smaller in relation to the background of scenes, and are arranged more freely in the pictorial space, where there is room. This transition occurs first in
England and France around 1200, in Germany around 1220 and Italy around 1300. Painting during the Gothic period was practiced in four primary media:
43:
5189:
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1380:
483:, who used it as early as 1530, calling Gothic art a "monstrous and barbarous" "disorder". Raphael claimed that the pointed arches of northern architecture were an echo of the primitive huts the Germanic forest dwellers formed by bending trees together – a myth which would resurface much later in a more positive sense in the writings of the German
674:
736:. Elements of the French Gothic present in such works include the use of decorative page framing reminiscent of the architecture of the time with elongated and detailed figures. The use of spatial indicators such as building elements and natural features such as trees and clouds also denote the French Gothic style of illumination.
464:
in 410 had triggered the demise of the
Classical world and all the values they held dear. In the 15th century, various Italian architects and writers complained that the new "barbarian" styles filtering down from north of the Alps posed a similar threat to the classical revival promoted by the early
296:
Although there was far more secular Gothic art than is often thought today, as generally the survival rate of religious art has been better than for secular equivalents, a large proportion of the art produced in the period was religious, whether commissioned by the church or by the laity. Gothic art
1320:
dates to 1339 and features Mary enveloped in a flowing cloak holding an infantile Christ figure. Both the simplicity of the cloak and the youth of the child presage other sculptures found in northern Europe dating to the 14th century and early 15th century. Such sculpture shows an evolution from an
540:
Painting in the Gothic style did not exist until around 1200, over 50 years after the beginnings of Gothic architecture and sculpture. The transition from
Romanesque to Gothic is very imprecise and not at all a clear break, and Gothic ornamental detailing is often introduced before much change is
811:
to create minutely detailed works, correct in perspective, where apparent realism was combined with richly complex symbolism arising precisely from the realistic detail they could now include, even in small works. In Early
Netherlandish painting, from the richest cities of Northern Europe, a new
688:
Illuminated manuscripts represent the most complete record of Gothic painting, providing a record of styles in places where no monumental works have otherwise survived. The earliest full manuscripts with French Gothic illustrations date to the middle of the 13th century. Many such illuminated
643:; pot metal of various colours, including white glass, black vitreous paint, yellow silver stain, and the "olive-green" parts are enamel. The plant patterns in the red sky are formed by scratching away black paint from the red glass before firing. A restored panel with new lead cames.
1321:
earlier stiff and elongated style, still partly
Romanesque, into a spatial and naturalistic feel in the late 12th and early 13th century. Other French Gothic sculptural subjects included figures and scenes from popular literature of the time. Imagery from the poetry of the
978:
around 1400. Late Gothic sculpture continued in the North, with a fashion for very large, wooden, sculpted altarpieces with increasingly virtuoso carving and large numbers agitated expressive figures; most surviving examples are in
Germany, after much iconoclasm elsewhere.
1198:
883:, and does not entirely fit with the development of style in sculpture in either its start or finish. The facades of large churches, especially around doors, continued to have large tympanums, but also rows of sculpted figures spreading around them.
165:. The easily recognizable shifts in architecture from Romanesque to Gothic, and Gothic to Renaissance styles, are typically used to define the periods in art in all media, although in many ways figurative art developed at a different pace.
1156:
775:, made it possible even for peasants to have devotional images at home. These images, tiny at the bottom of the market, often crudely coloured, were sold in thousands but are now extremely rare, most having been pasted to walls.
301:
in nature, reflecting a belief that the events of the Old
Testament pre-figured those of the New, and that this was indeed their main significance. Old and New Testament scenes were shown side by side in works like the
1113:
751:, where they were most popular. By the end of the century, printed books with illustrations, still mostly on religious subjects, were rapidly becoming accessible to the prosperous middle class, as were
1493:, The Gothic Image, Religious Art in France of the Thirteenth Century, pp. 165–8, English trans of 3rd edn, 1913, Collins, London (and many other editions) is a classic work on French Gothic church art
901:
portal, from 1215–20, show a more naturalistic style and increasing detachment from the wall behind, and some awareness of the classical tradition. These trends were continued in the west portal at
184:
changed from the
Byzantine iconic form to a more human and affectionate mother, cuddling her infant, swaying from her hip, and showing the refined manners of a well-born aristocratic courtly lady.
1055:
565:
Frescos continued to be used as the main pictorial narrative craft on church walls in southern Europe as a continuation of early
Christian and Romanesque traditions. An accident of survival
1581:
Vasari on
Technique. Being the Introduction to the Three Arts of Design, Architecture, Sculpture and Painting, Prefixed to the Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors and Architects
5031:
1133:
141:
developed, which continued to evolve until the late 15th century. In many areas, especially Germany, Late Gothic art continued well into the 16th century, before being subsumed into
198:
class who could afford to patronize the arts and commission works, resulting in a proliferation of paintings and illuminated manuscripts. Increased literacy and a growing body of
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956:
210:. As a result, because of better record keeping, more artists are known to us by name in this period than any previous; some artists were even so bold as to sign their names.
1308:
Gothic sculptures independent of architectural ornament were primarily created as devotional objects for the home or intended as donations for local churches, although small
1178:
405:
1012:
389:, or occupying the central space themselves (this usually for works designed for side-chapels). Over the period many ancient iconographical features that originated in
1258:
Small carvings, for a mainly lay and often female market, became a considerable industry in Paris and some other centres. Types of ivories included small, devotional
939:, with unmistakable influence from Roman sarcophagi and sophisticated and crowded compositions, including a sympathetic handling of nudity, in relief panels on their
2127:
1326:
1267:
1243:
921:"In Italy the Gospel of Gothic was preached from pulpits not from tympana, and the unit of the sculptor's thinking was an autonomous, self-consistent work of art"
1368:, modelled fully in the round in enamelled gold, is a far more exclusive version, that would have been given to someone very close or important to the donor.
1448:
2036:
4019:
448:", and was therefore used pejoratively. Its critics saw this type of Medieval art as unrefined and too remote from the aesthetic proportions and shapes of
83:
1145), these architectural statues being the earliest Gothic sculptures and a revolution in style and the model for a generation of sculptors; Centre: The
1270:, used as engagement presents. The very wealthy collected extravagantly elaborate, jewelled and enamelled metalwork, both secular and religious, like the
4526:
720:
in about 1240. Nobility frequently purchased such texts, paying handsomely for decorative illustrations; among the most well-known creators of these is
1263:
1084:
286:
609:
is arguably the most well-known fresco artist from the period working in Sweden. Examples of Swedish churches with well-preserved frescos include
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816:
was combined with subtle and complex theological allusions, expressed precisely through the highly detailed settings of religious scenes. The
585:
which has preserved them, but some have also remained untouched since their creation. Among the finest examples from Denmark are those of the
2828:
1954:
1926:
1589:
1545:
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2063:
1361:
1238:
4533:
3985:
3109:
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2455:
2120:
825:
64:
4163:
3014:
1976:
Rudolph, Conrad, "Inventing the Gothic Portal: Suger, Hugh of Saint Victor, and the Construction of a New Public Art at Saint-Denis,"
1971:
1877:
4242:
4237:
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1940:
1895:
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1689:
1619:
Kirsten Trampedach: Introduction to Danish Wall Paintings – Conservation Ethics and Methods of Treatment. National Museum of Denmark
312:, in which the visual arts played a major part. Images of the Virgin Mary developed from the Byzantine hieratic types, through the
655:. Gothic architecture greatly increased the amount of glass in large buildings, partly to allow for wide expanses of glass, as in
3248:
2500:
338:, brought realism and more natural humanity to art. Western artists, and their patrons, became much more confident in innovative
180:), showing the stories of the New Testament and the Old Testament side by side. Saints' lives were often depicted. Images of the
5226:
4668:
4141:
2432:
2348:
1438:
1035:
369:, which emphasized his human suffering and vulnerability, in a parallel movement to that in depictions of the Virgin. Even in
4421:
3970:
2449:
2158:
2113:
2102:, a book from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Gothic art
2002:
1912:
1834:
1418:
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1621:
1075:
944:
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2738:
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2623:
2097:
1990:
1344:, showed signs of feudal and political loyalty or alliance that came to be regarded as a social menace in England under
971:
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488:
335:
304:
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French ivory Virgin and Child, end of the 13th century, 25 cm high, curving to fit the shape of the ivory tusk.
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3663:
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1006:
altar reliefs in groups of panels over much of Europe for economical parishes who could not afford stone retables.
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alongside, though often much smaller than the Virgin or saints depicted. These were usually displayed in the home.
2032:
137:, never quite effacing more classical styles in Italy. In the late 14th century, the sophisticated court style of
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of a few years later, where the figures are almost in the round, as became usual as Gothic spread across Europe.
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and others continued the style well into the 16th century, gradually absorbing Italian Renaissance influences.
668:
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of architecture remained important, even when, by the late 14th century, a coherent universal style known as
285:, were important builders who disseminated the style and developed distinctive variants of it across Europe.
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1329:
of 1330–50 is an unusually large example with space for a number of scenes from different literary sources.
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53:
783:
Painting with oil on canvas did not become popular until the 15th and 16th centuries and was a hallmark of
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4606:
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1907:, 1st edn. 1982 (many later editions), Macmillan, London, page refs to 1984 Macmillan 1st edn. paperback.
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was particularly popular among artisans of mirror-cases and small boxes presumably for use by women. The
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was an important and prestigious form of painting until the 15th century, when it became supplanted by
492:
1348:. The cheaper forms were sometimes given away free, as with the 13,000 badges ordered in 1483 by King
1002:
so large they had to be moved outside the church. By the 15th century there was an industry exporting
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618:
290:
254:
223:
169:
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1983:
Rudolph, Conrad, "Inventing the Exegetical Stained-Glass Window: Suger, Hugh, and a New Elite Art,"
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1423:
880:
350:
298:
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173:
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4259:
4073:
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3990:
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2968:
2898:
2760:
2755:
2532:
2297:
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1019:
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During the late 13th century, scribes began to create prayer books for the laity, often known as
457:
346:
318:
76:
5168:
4349:
4029:
230:
218:
207:
342:, and much more originality is seen, although copied formulae were still used by most artists.
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2323:
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2183:
2040:
1998:
1967:
1950:
1936:
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1844:
1830:
1685:
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1579:
1541:
1535:
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914:
906:
435:
427:
374:
331:
177:
1608:
5174:
5120:
5078:
4781:
4574:
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3693:
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3646:
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2711:
2706:
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1453:
948:
871:
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768:
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586:
386:
242:
2020:
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909:
has perhaps the largest assemblage of 13th century sculpture, culminating in 1240 with the
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4801:
4626:
4616:
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4476:
4359:
4269:
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3814:
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3388:
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and personal in size, textile art, and painting, which took a variety of forms, including
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130:
126:
84:
42:
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2069:
1692:
analyses all these works in detail. See also the references in the articles on the works.
308:, and the decoration of churches. The Gothic period coincided with a great resurgence in
202:
encouraged the representation of secular themes in art. With the growth of cities, trade
2079:
5157:
5125:
5073:
5021:
5004:
4994:
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4584:
4461:
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4328:
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4124:
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3819:
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3201:
3158:
3099:
2963:
2893:
2607:
2600:
2522:
2439:
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1959:
1147:
1143:
1139:
995:
849:
837:
705:
652:
546:
533:
480:
362:
358:
274:
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150:
134:
122:
114:
88:
194:, increase in trade, the establishment of a money-based economy and the creation of a
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4887:
4882:
4865:
4693:
4688:
4673:
4648:
4638:
4589:
4543:
4249:
4227:
4158:
4024:
3853:
3756:
3732:
3715:
3688:
3683:
3668:
3449:
3439:
3434:
3338:
3087:
3048:
2987:
2813:
2770:
2468:
2400:
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2136:
1748:
1413:
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1103:
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713:
708:
due to their use at prescribed times of the day. Among the earliest is an example by
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634:
610:
598:
554:
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262:
154:
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had evolved, which continued until the late 15th century, and beyond in many areas.
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2014:
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813:
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804:
764:
721:
681:
581:. In both Denmark and Sweden, they were almost all covered with limewash after the
327:
110:
5132:
2993:
529:
253:. The style rapidly spread beyond its origins in architecture to sculpture, both
5053:
5016:
4957:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4771:
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4708:
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1900:
1682:
The Altar and the Altarpiece, Sacramental Themes in Early Netherlandish Painting
1393:
1205:
656:
578:
484:
453:
382:
339:
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1618:
1340:
stamped with images were also popular and cheap. Their secular equivalent, the
5100:
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4170:
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became popular for the wealthy, and grand multi-level tombs evolved, with the
984:
897:) show an elegant but exaggerated columnar elongation, but those on the south
796:
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378:
282:
278:
17:
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2716:
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1503:
1433:
1379:
1278:, until they ran short of money, when they were melted down again for cash.
1259:
991:
841:
752:
740:
499:, before becoming a recognized form of art, and the wording becoming fixed.
381:
showed saints relevant to the particular church or donor in attendance on a
195:
146:
1562:
Gothic: Origin and Diffusion of the Term; The Idea of Style in Architecture
791:
is in an essentially Gothic style, but can also be regarded as part of the
373:
Christ was now usually shown exposing his chest to show the wounds of his
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with both text and images cut as woodcut seem to have been affordable by
496:
487:
movement. "Gothic art" was strongly criticized by French authors such as
445:
419:
415:
366:
234:
1364:
as Prince of Wales, a huge number given the population at the time. The
521:), thus attesting the priority of France in the creation of this style.
345:
Iconography was affected by changes in theology, with depictions of the
4481:
4284:
4222:
4039:
3938:
3678:
3405:
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3082:
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1353:
1225:
1098:
952:
772:
698:
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466:
187:
795:, as there was a long delay before the Italian revival of interest in
5105:
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4738:
4456:
4386:
3955:
3867:
3722:
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1964:
A Companion to Medieval Art: Romanesque and Gothic in Northern Europe
1933:
Introduction to Italian Sculpture, Volume 1, Italian Gothic Sculpture
1309:
999:
744:
717:
542:
323:
258:
158:
1605:
The art of the sublime: principles of Christian art and architecture
712:
that seems to have been written for an unknown laywoman living in a
590:
397:, though others were too well-established, and considered harmless.
697:, dating from 1253 to 1270, features 78 full-page illuminations in
673:
465:
Renaissance. The "Gothic" qualifier for this art was first used in
3189:
2444:
2328:
1313:
1294:
1280:
870:
672:
628:
528:
479:
and was subsequently popularised by the Italian artist and writer
461:
404:
357:, which produced new treatments of Christ in subjects such as the
217:
203:
190:
art came into its own during this period with the rise of cities,
517:
In its beginning, Gothic art was initially called "French work" (
172:, on the walls of Cathedrals and abbeys. Christian art was often
5041:
3843:
1843:, 2010, British Museum Press (British Museum objects in focus),
2109:
206:
were formed and artists were often required to be members of a
2099:
The PietĂ in French late Gothic sculpture: regional variations
573:
the largest groups of surviving church wall paintings in the
117:
in the 12th century AD, led by the concurrent development of
787:. In Northern Europe the important and innovative school of
393:
were gradually eliminated under clerical pressure, like the
1853:
Cherry, John, in Marks, Richard and Williamson, Paul, eds.
1332:
Souvenirs of pilgrimages to shrines, such as clay or lead
1285:
Ivory diptych, with some of the coloured paint remaining.
5032:
Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
1870:
The Art of the West in the Middle Ages: Vol. 2 - Gothic
316:, to more human and intimate types, and cycles of the
1719:
Olson, 11–24; Honour and Fleming, 304; Henderson, 41
577:
style, usually extending up to recently constructed
4987:
4752:
4562:
4342:
4134:
4118:
3797:
3602:
3381:
3370:
3200:
3137:
3030:
2946:
2837:
2641:
2374:
2174:
2165:
96:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
962:Another revival of classical style is seen in the
848:were becoming increasingly popular, often showing
426:; late 15th century; wool and silk; 377 x 473 cm;
1701:Honour and Fleming, 297–300; Henderson, 55, 82–84
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1566:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
799:had a great impact in the north. Painters like
767:In the 15th century, the introduction of cheap
444:" for art was initially used as a synonym for "
1327:Casket with Scenes of Romances (Walters 71264)
145:. Primary media in the Gothic period included
2121:
886:The statues on the Western (Royal) Portal at
8:
1935:, 1955, Fourth Edition 1996, Phaidon Press,
1921:, 1992, Thames & Hudson (World of Art),
879:The Gothic period is essentially defined by
512:Which the torrents of barbary spewed forth.
510:These odious monsters of ignorant centuries,
245:, France, in the early 12th century, at the
29:
1268:elaborate caskets with scenes from Romances
4131:
3378:
2171:
2128:
2114:
2106:
693:also included illustrations; the Parisian
353:, and in devotional practices such as the
28:
113:that developed in Northern France out of
1872:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1264:single figures, especially of the Virgin
1237:
689:manuscripts were royal bibles, although
377:. Saints were shown more frequently and
1465:
1008:
935:developed a style that is often called
836:) are examples. For the wealthy, small
508:The besotted taste of Gothic monuments,
75:Top: The Western (Royal) Portal of the
4809:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art
1857:, 2003, V&A Publications, London,
917:in Western art since the 6th century.
2829:Art of the late 16th century in Milan
739:From the middle of the 14th century,
414:, the title given to a series of six
7:
2072:, from "A World History of Art" and
1752:feature on the Nottingham alabaster
1537:History of Architecture Super Review
990:Life-size tomb effigies in stone or
87:from Paris (1194-1248); Bottom: The
2080:"Gothic: Art for England 1400–1547"
1449:Timeline of Italian artists to 1800
941:pulpit of Siena Cathedral (1265–68)
4164:Vienna School of Fantastic Realism
3015:Neoclassical architecture in Milan
2066:, Museumsportal Schleswig-Holstein
1578:Vasari, Giorgio (1 January 1960).
1540:. Research & Education Assoc.
1172:, 1450–90, with remains of colour.
503:would famously comment on Gothic:
25:
4238:American Figurative Expressionism
2574:International Gothic art in Italy
1855:Gothic: Art for England 1400–1547
1774:Cherry, 25–48; Henderson, 134–141
1162:Panelled altarpiece section with
5188:
5187:
3747:Neue KĂĽnstlervereinigung MĂĽnchen
1378:
1197:
1177:
1155:
1132:
1112:
1083:
1054:
1034:
1011:
826:Washington Van Eyck Annunciation
322:were very popular. Artists like
63:
52:
41:
4669:Tunisian collaborative painting
4142:International Typographic Style
1439:Renaissance of the 12th century
1360:for the investiture of his son
4422:The Caribbean Artists Movement
1949:, 2008, British Museum Press,
1419:Gothic cathedrals and churches
1184:Later Gothic depiction of the
593:who decorated the churches of
100:Late 12th century-16th century
1:
2778:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance
1919:Italian Renaissance Sculpture
1628:. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
1298:
1076:pulpit in the Pisa Baptistery
1023:
945:Pulpit in the Pisa Baptistery
891:
807:made use of the technique of
779:Altarpiece and panel painting
473:
200:secular vernacular literature
4893:Modern European ink painting
4265:Bay Area Figurative Movement
1947:Masterpieces of Medieval Art
789:Early Netherlandish painting
349:gaining ground on the older
336:Early Netherlandish painting
305:Speculum Humanae Salvationis
168:The earliest Gothic art was
4554:Artificial intelligence art
1356:cloth with his emblem of a
1266:, mirror-cases, combs, and
1248:Siege of the Castle of Love
1123:, French (Paris), 1390s, a
830:Madonna of Chancellor Rolin
663:Manuscripts and printmaking
5243:
4467:Post-painterly abstraction
4290:Situationist International
3664:Pennsylvania Impressionism
2084:Victoria and Albert Museum
1684:, Harper & Row, 1984,
1568:, Vol.11, 1948, pp. 143–62
859:
755:of fairly high quality by
666:
589:from the Danish island of
456:authors believed that the
433:
192:foundation of universities
5183:
4050:California Scene Painting
3929:California Scene Painting
3885:Figurative Constructivism
2936:Poussinists and Rubenists
2152:
2058:The Columbia Encyclopedia
1997:, 1985, Harry N. Abrams,
1827:Monuments of Medieval Art
1404:Church frescos in Denmark
1127:in gold, enamel and gems.
732:as a gift for his queen,
728:was commissioned by King
34:
5148:Prehistoric European art
4797:Contemporary African art
4280:Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai
4208:GeneraciĂłn de la Ruptura
3835:Universal Constructivism
3627:California Impressionism
3582:American Barbizon school
2017:, from ArtCyclopedia.com
1995:Northern Renaissance Art
1868:Focillon, Henri (1980).
1841:The Holy Thorn Reliquary
1624:24 November 2009 at the
1409:Church frescos in Sweden
1222:Rothenburg ob der Tauber
1125:Resurrection of the Dead
726:Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux
678:Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux
669:Gothic book illustration
422:, this one being called
411:The Lady and the Unicorn
395:midwives at the Nativity
314:Coronation of the Virgin
247:Abbey Church of St Denis
4975:Walking Artists Network
4312:Letterist International
4152:Washington Color School
3066:Arts in the Philippines
2026:Encyclopædia Britannica
1508:Encyclopedia Britannica
1214:Altar of the Holy Blood
637:panel of 1444 with the
551:manuscript illumination
391:New Testament apocrypha
163:illuminated manuscripts
5227:Catholic art by period
5086:Illuminated manuscript
4734:The Designers Republic
4684:Neue Slowenische Kunst
4607:Pattern and Decoration
4507:Institutional critique
4147:Abstract expressionism
3127:Latin American Baroque
3083:Colonial Asian Baroque
2060:, Sixth Edition. 2001.
1905:A World History of Art
1584:. Dover Publications.
1429:List of Gothic artists
1350:Richard III of England
1305:
1255:
1210:Tilman Riemenschneider
1165:Resurrection of Christ
1142:on the main portal of
981:Tilman Riemenschneider
931:(1258–78) and his son
913:, the first life-size
876:
695:Psalter of Saint Louis
685:
644:
537:
515:
431:
267:illuminated manuscript
241:Gothic art emerged in
238:
121:. It spread to all of
5204:Style of medieval art
4724:Artist-run initiative
4699:Young British Artists
4664:New European Painting
4600:Moscow Conceptualists
4522:Feminist art movement
4300:Ukrainian underground
4275:Gutai Art Association
3674:Ten American Painters
3178:Western influence in
2155:List of art movements
1931:Pope-Hennessy, John,
1917:Olson, Roberta J.M.,
1803:Stokstad (2005), 539.
1783:Stokstad (2005), 537.
1671:Stokstad (2005), 542.
1662:Stokstad (2005), 541.
1646:Stokstad (2005), 540.
1607:by Roger Homan p. 70
1481:Stokstad (2005), 544.
1472:Stokstad (2005), 516.
1287:Adoration of the Magi
1284:
1241:
1186:Adoration of the Magi
1071:Adoration of the Magi
970:and his followers in
874:
701:paint and gold leaf.
676:
632:
532:
505:
434:Further information:
408:
221:
4534:Saqqakhaneh movement
4427:Chicano art movement
4295:Soviet Nonconformist
4101:Boston Expressionism
4084:Abstraction-Création
3902:Arbeitsrat fĂĽr Kunst
3895:Cologne Progressives
3615:Art Nouveau in Milan
3418:Anglo-Japanese style
3394:National romanticism
2824:Fontainebleau School
2734:Northern Renaissance
2569:International Gothic
2052:5 March 2005 at the
1825:Calkins, Robert G.;
1366:Dunstable Swan Jewel
1276:Holy Thorn Reliquary
1190:Strasbourg Cathedral
1170:Nottingham alabaster
1121:Holy Thorn Reliquary
1004:Nottingham alabaster
964:International Gothic
867:Monumental sculpture
793:Northern Renaissance
761:Israhel van Meckenem
647:In northern Europe,
291:International Gothic
231:St. Johns' Cathedral
224:International Gothic
170:monumental sculpture
139:International Gothic
5069:Hierarchy of genres
4634:Saint Soleil School
4570:Post-conceptual art
4539:The Stars Art Group
4417:Black Arts Movement
4380:Neo-Dada Organizers
4181:Lyrical abstraction
3914:Australian tonalism
3587:California Tonalism
3259:Hudson River School
3062:Colonial Asian art
2802:English Renaissance
2751:Ghent–Bruges school
2739:Early Netherlandish
2651:Italian Renaissance
2564:Gothic art in Milan
1886:Henderson, George.
1424:History of painting
1254:. Paris, 1330–1350.
881:Gothic architecture
351:Death of the Virgin
287:Regional variations
119:Gothic architecture
31:
5111:Landscape painting
4719:New Leipzig School
4659:Neo-conceptual art
4407:Art & Language
4402:Capitalist realism
4324:Florida Highwaymen
4260:Hard-edge painting
4074:Streamline Moderne
4035:Harlem Renaissance
3878:Novecento Italiano
3706:Deutscher Werkbund
3533:Post-Impressionism
3095:Latin American art
2899:Guild of Romanists
2761:German Renaissance
2756:Northern Mannerism
2039:2009-10-31), from
1903:and John Fleming,
1812:Cherry (2003), 204
1755:Swansea Altarpiece
1306:
1256:
1234:Portable sculpture
1216:, 1501–05, carved
1020:Chartres Cathedral
925:John Pope-Hennessy
888:Chartres Cathedral
877:
812:minute realism in
710:William de Brailes
686:
645:
538:
432:
347:Assumption of Mary
319:Life of the Virgin
239:
77:Chartres Cathedral
5201:
5200:
4983:
4982:
4839:Corporate Memphis
4792:Classical Realism
4762:Amazonian pop art
4654:Appropriation art
4622:Neo-expressionism
4492:Environmental art
4397:Nouvelle tendance
4114:
4113:
4062:Socialist realism
3919:Dresden Secession
3538:Neo-Impressionism
3501:Decadent movement
3472:Heidelberg School
3366:
3365:
3264:American luminism
3249:DĂĽsseldorf School
3244:Shoreham Ancients
3234:Nazarene movement
3224:Danish Golden Age
3105:Indochristian art
2783:Antwerp Mannerism
2672:Pittura infamante
2666:Florentine School
2661:Proto-Renaissance
2041:Microsoft Encarta
1987:93 (2011) 399–422
1980:33 (2010) 568–595
1955:978-0-7141-2815-3
1945:Robinson, James,
1927:978-0-500-20253-1
1890:, 1967, Penguin,
1710:Pope-Hennessy, 11
1591:978-0-486-20717-9
1547:978-0-7386-6996-0
1346:bastard feudalism
957:pulpit in Pistoia
955:, and Giovanni's
937:Proto-Renaissance
915:equestrian statue
907:Bamberg Cathedral
818:MĂ©rode Altarpiece
567:has given Denmark
436:Name of the Goths
332:Pietro Lorenzetti
277:, especially the
178:Medieval allegory
104:
103:
16:(Redirected from
5234:
5191:
5190:
5175:Western painting
5121:Modern sculpture
5079:History painting
4782:Art intervention
4575:Installation art
4392:Nouveau réalisme
4132:
4106:Leningrad School
3998:Mexican muralism
3971:Grosvenor School
3711:American Realism
3694:Der Blaue Reiter
3652:Berlin Secession
3647:Vienna Secession
3642:Munich Secession
3560:Pont-Aven School
3379:
3229:Troubadour style
3207:(c. 1770 – 1862)
3174:Qing handicrafts
3140:Western elements
3071:Letras y figuras
3044:African-American
3039:African diaspora
3010:Directoire style
2921:Heptanese school
2904:Dutch Golden Age
2889:Stroganov School
2882:Lutheran Baroque
2877:Louis XIII style
2850:Baroque in Milan
2712:Bolognese School
2707:High Renaissance
2690:Forlivese School
2685:Ferrarese School
2408:Migration Period
2172:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2107:
2094:
2092:
2090:
1883:
1829:, Dutton, 1979,
1813:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1765:Calkins, 193–198
1763:
1757:
1753:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1680:Lane, Barbara G,
1678:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1647:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1616:
1610:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1575:
1569:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1532:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1454:Western painting
1388:
1383:
1382:
1318:Virgin and Child
1303:
1300:
1297:valley, France,
1201:
1181:
1159:
1136:
1116:
1087:
1058:
1038:
1028:
1025:
1018:South portal of
1015:
949:Fontana Maggiore
896:
893:
862:Gothic sculpture
832:(both 1430s, by
587:Elmelunde Master
519:Opus Francigenum
478:
475:
424:Ă€ Mon Seul DĂ©sir
387:Virgin and Child
67:
56:
45:
32:
21:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5197:
5179:
5096:Interactive art
4979:
4953:SoFlo Superflat
4878:Kitsch movement
4802:Africanfuturism
4754:
4748:
4627:Transavantgarde
4558:
4512:Light and Space
4497:Performance art
4477:Psychedelic art
4360:Nueva Presencia
4350:Otra FiguraciĂłn
4338:
4270:Les Plasticiens
4255:New York School
4233:Action painting
4218:Metcalf Chateau
4127:
4122:
4110:
4030:Cercle et Carré
3966:New Objectivity
3873:Return to order
3815:School of Paris
3793:
3637:School of Paris
3598:
3484:Arts and Crafts
3389:Neo-romanticism
3374:
3362:
3358:Etching revival
3310:Barbizon school
3254:Pre-Raphaelites
3206:
3203:
3196:
3139:
3133:
3026:
3000:Louis XVI style
2942:
2931:Louis XIV style
2894:Animal painting
2855:Flemish Baroque
2833:
2744:World landscape
2695:Venetian School
2637:
2624:Majorcan school
2591:Novgorod School
2581:Lucchese School
2553:Opus Anglicanum
2545:Norman-Sicilian
2489:Italo-Byzantine
2389:Early Christian
2370:
2354:Pompeian Styles
2167:
2161:
2148:
2134:
2088:
2086:
2078:
2054:Wayback Machine
2011:
1960:Rudolph, Conrad
1880:
1867:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1737:Snyder, 305–311
1736:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1626:Wayback Machine
1617:
1613:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1560:E. S. de Beer,
1559:
1555:
1548:
1534:
1533:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1444:The Ten Virgins
1396:(also known as
1384:
1377:
1374:
1301:
1236:
1229:
1202:
1193:
1182:
1173:
1160:
1151:
1137:
1128:
1117:
1108:
1088:
1079:
1059:
1050:
1043:Reims Cathedral
1041:West portal at
1039:
1030:
1026:
1016:
903:Reims Cathedral
894:
869:
864:
858:
850:donor portraits
838:panel paintings
785:Renaissance art
781:
734:Jeanne d'Évreux
684:, Paris, 1320s.
671:
665:
633:Part of German
627:
607:Albertus Pictor
575:Biblia pauperum
563:
547:panel paintings
527:
514:
511:
509:
476:
438:
403:
371:Last Judgements
355:Devotio Moderna
310:Marian devotion
275:Monastic orders
216:
208:painters' guild
176:in nature (see
143:Renaissance art
109:was a style of
92:
85:Sainte-Chapelle
73:
72:
71:
70:
69:
68:
59:
58:
57:
48:
47:
46:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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5:
5240:
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5230:
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5184:
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5178:
5177:
5172:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5126:Late modernism
5123:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5074:Genre painting
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5024:
5022:Ballets Russes
5019:
5014:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5005:Asemic writing
4997:
4995:History of art
4991:
4989:
4988:Related topics
4985:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4923:Relational art
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4846:Hypermodernism
4843:
4842:
4841:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
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4756:
4750:
4749:
4747:
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4641:
4636:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4592:
4587:
4585:Postminimalism
4582:
4577:
4572:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4462:Generative art
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4432:Conceptual art
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4329:Cybernetic art
4326:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4317:Ultra-Lettrist
4314:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
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4246:
4245:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4191:Arte Informale
4188:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4144:
4138:
4136:
4129:
4128:(1945–present)
4116:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4076:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4057:Heroic realism
4054:
4053:
4052:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3991:Latin American
3988:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3961:Group of Seven
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3931:
3926:
3924:Social realism
3921:
3916:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3907:November Group
3899:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3830:Latin American
3825:Constructivism
3822:
3820:Crystal Cubism
3817:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3749:
3744:
3737:
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3720:
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3708:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3681:
3676:
3671:
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3661:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3618:
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3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3530:
3525:
3523:Volcano School
3520:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3385:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3317:
3312:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3280:
3278:Norwich School
3275:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3219:Fairy painting
3210:
3208:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3143:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3110:Chilote School
3102:
3100:Casta painting
3092:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3076:Tipos del PaĂs
3073:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3046:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2964:Louis XV style
2961:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2923:
2918:
2913:
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2896:
2891:
2886:
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2884:
2879:
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2872:
2867:
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2841:
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2835:
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2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2766:Cologne School
2758:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2663:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2621:
2619:Italian school
2610:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2601:Sienese School
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2556:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2511:Pre-Romanesque
2508:
2503:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2447:
2442:
2440:Donor portrait
2437:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2349:Julio-Claudian
2346:
2341:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2298:Greco-Buddhist
2290:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2238:Protogeometric
2235:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2095:
2076:
2067:
2061:
2044:
2030:
2018:
2010:
2009:External links
2007:
2006:
2005:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1972:978-1405198783
1957:
1943:
1929:
1915:
1898:
1884:
1879:978-0801491924
1878:
1865:
1851:
1839:Cherry, John.
1837:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1805:
1785:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1749:V&A Museum
1739:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1673:
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1648:
1639:
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1431:
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1411:
1406:
1401:
1390:
1389:
1373:
1370:
1244:Walters Casket
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1204:Detail of the
1203:
1196:
1194:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1161:
1154:
1152:
1148:Hans Multscher
1140:Man of Sorrows
1138:
1131:
1129:
1118:
1111:
1109:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1040:
1033:
1031:
1017:
1010:
996:Scaliger Tombs
868:
865:
860:Main article:
857:
854:
780:
777:
745:parish priests
706:books of hours
667:Main article:
664:
661:
653:panel painting
626:
623:
562:
559:
534:Simone Martini
526:
523:
506:
481:Giorgio Vasari
428:Musée de Cluny
402:
399:
363:Pensive Christ
359:Man of Sorrows
334:in Italy, and
271:panel painting
227:Mary Magdalene
215:
212:
151:panel painting
135:Central Europe
125:, and much of
123:Western Europe
115:Romanesque art
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
89:Wilton Diptych
74:
62:
61:
60:
51:
50:
49:
40:
39:
38:
37:
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35:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5239:
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5109:
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5084:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5059:Fantastic art
5057:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5027:Christian art
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5006:
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5002:
5001:
4998:
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4951:
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4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4928:Skeuomorphism
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4888:Massurrealism
4886:
4884:
4883:Lightpainting
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4866:Post-Internet
4864:
4863:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4840:
4837:
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4778:
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4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4739:Grunge design
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4694:Retrofuturism
4692:
4690:
4689:Scratch video
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4674:Memphis Group
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4649:Telematic art
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4639:Guerrilla art
4637:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4590:Endurance art
4588:
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4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4555:
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4398:
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4385:
4381:
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4353:
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4348:
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4341:
4335:
4332:
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4327:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
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4305:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4250:New media art
4248:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4228:Nanyang Style
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4159:Visionary art
4157:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4025:Scuola Romana
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:Anthropophagy
3949:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3934:Functionalism
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3854:Neoplasticism
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3757:Cubo-Futurism
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3716:Ashcan School
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3684:Expressionism
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3669:Mir iskusstva
3667:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3455:Boston School
3453:
3451:
3450:Hoosier Group
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3440:Impressionism
3438:
3436:
3435:Peredvizhniki
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:Beuron School
3423:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3339:Munich School
3337:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3138:Art borrowing
3136:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3088:Company style
3086:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3052:
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3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2988:Neoclassicism
2986:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2814:Cretan School
2812:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2771:Danube school
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2726:
2725:
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2254:
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2249:
2248:Orientalizing
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Sub-Mycenaean
2231:
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2207:
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2147:art movements
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2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
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1996:
1992:
1991:Snyder, James
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
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1965:
1961:
1958:
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1952:
1948:
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1942:
1941:0-7148-3014-3
1938:
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1896:0-14-020806-2
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1863:1-85177-401-7
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1849:0-7141-2820-1
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1728:Snyder, 65–69
1725:
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1698:
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1691:
1690:0-06-430133-8
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1414:Danse Macabre
1412:
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1398:Gothic script
1395:
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1359:
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1336:, medals and
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1296:
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1250:at left, and
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1104:Well of Moses
1100:
1096:
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1067:
1063:
1062:Nicola Pisano
1057:
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929:Nicola Pisano
926:
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908:
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839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:Robert Campin
819:
815:
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801:Robert Campin
798:
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790:
786:
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766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
749:Low Countries
746:
742:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:small village
711:
707:
702:
700:
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692:
683:
679:
675:
670:
662:
660:
658:
654:
650:
649:stained glass
642:
641:
636:
635:stained glass
631:
625:Stained glass
624:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
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588:
584:
580:
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572:
568:
560:
558:
556:
555:stained glass
552:
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544:
535:
531:
524:
522:
520:
513:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
472:
469:'s letter to
468:
463:
462:Gothic tribes
459:
455:
451:
450:Classical art
447:
443:
437:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:
407:
400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
385:or enthroned
384:
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364:
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284:
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276:
272:
268:
264:
263:stained glass
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:ĂŽle-de-France
236:
232:
228:
225:
222:14th Century
220:
213:
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209:
205:
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197:
193:
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185:
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155:stained glass
152:
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112:
108:
99:
95:
90:
86:
82:
78:
66:
55:
44:
33:
27:
19:
18:Gothic period
5222:Medieval art
5169:Trompe-l'Ĺ“il
5167:
5138:Outsider art
5091:Illustration
5047:Lutheran art
5037:Catholic art
5000:Abstract art
4970:Unilalianism
4933:Software art
4908:Neosymbolism
4898:Neo-futurism
4861:Internet art
4851:Hyperrealism
4704:Superfiction
4487:Photorealism
4355:Afrofuturism
4120:Contemporary
4096:Dimensionism
4079:Concrete art
4012:
4008:Precisionism
3858:
3805:Sosaku-hanga
3779:Productivism
3769:Metaphysical
3739:
3728:Proto-Cubism
3632:Secessionism
3594:Costumbrismo
3479:Aestheticism
3430:Hague School
3410:
3334:Academic art
3315:Costumbrismo
3283:Empire style
3120:Quito School
3115:Cusco School
3031:Colonial art
2992:
2980:FĂŞte galante
2978:
2947:18th century
2909:Delft School
2860:Caravaggisti
2838:17th century
2723:
2680:Quattrocento
2670:
2628:
2558:
2551:
2454:
2384:Late antique
2268:Severe style
2258:Black-figure
2145:Contemporary
2098:
2087:. Retrieved
2024:
1994:
1985:Art Bulletin
1984:
1977:
1963:
1946:
1932:
1918:
1904:
1887:
1869:
1854:
1840:
1826:
1808:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1754:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1681:
1676:
1667:
1642:
1633:
1614:
1604:
1600:
1580:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1536:
1511:. Retrieved
1507:
1504:"Gothic art"
1498:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1397:
1342:livery badge
1331:
1317:
1307:
1290:
1286:
1272:Duc de Berry
1257:
1247:
1213:
1163:
1124:
1119:Base of the
1102:
1091:Claus Sluter
1069:
1065:
1047:Annunciation
989:
968:Claus Sluter
961:
920:
919:
885:
878:
846:oil painting
834:Jan van Eyck
814:oil painting
809:oil painting
805:Jan van Eyck
782:
771:, mostly in
765:Master E. S.
738:
722:Jean Pucelle
703:
687:
682:Jean Pucelle
657:rose windows
646:
638:
579:cross vaults
564:
539:
536:(1285–1344).
518:
516:
507:
458:Sack of Rome
439:
423:
409:
370:
344:
328:Fra Angelico
317:
303:
295:
240:
186:
167:
111:medieval art
106:
105:
97:Years active
80:
26:
5054:Digital art
5017:Avant-garde
4958:Superstroke
4834:Flat design
4829:Fictive art
4824:Excessivism
4772:Art for art
4767:Altermodern
4709:Taring Padi
4644:Lowbrow art
4612:Pliontanism
4549:Yoru no Kai
4502:Process art
4442:Systems art
4412:Arte Povera
4334:Antipodeans
4243:in New York
4213:Jikken KĹŤbĹŤ
4176:Color field
4045:Regionalism
4014:Aeropittura
4003:Neo-Fauvism
3976:Neues Sehen
3946:Kinetic art
3810:Suprematism
3784:Synchromism
3701:Noucentisme
3622:Primitivism
3610:Art Nouveau
3565:Cloisonnism
3555:Pointillism
3550:Divisionism
3528:Incoherents
3489:Art pottery
3375:(1863–1944)
3325:Macchiaioli
3300:Biedermeier
3288:Historicism
3273:Orientalism
3214:Romanticism
3185:Akita ranga
3037:Art of the
3022:Picturesque
2974:Chinoiserie
2969:Frederician
2807:Tudor court
2702:Cinquecento
2643:Renaissance
2630:Mappa mundi
2614:cartography
2506:Carolingian
2501:Merovingian
2484:Palaeologan
2456:RepoblaciĂłn
2413:Anglo-Saxon
2344:Gallo-Roman
2283:Hellenistic
2278:Kerch style
2216:Minyan ware
1978:Art History
1901:Hugh Honour
1394:Blackletter
1323:troubadours
1302: 1350
1291:Crucifixion
1246:, with the
1242:Lid of the
1206:Last Supper
1144:Ulm MĂĽnster
1027: 1215
895: 1145
820:(1420s) of
757:printmakers
583:Reformation
477: 1518
454:Renaissance
383:Crucifixion
379:altarpieces
340:iconography
299:typological
283:Carthusians
279:Cistercians
251:Abbot Suger
182:Virgin Mary
174:typological
91:(1395–1459)
5217:Gothic art
5211:Categories
5101:Jewish art
4913:Passionism
4873:iPhone art
4819:Cyborg art
4814:Crypto art
4787:Brandalism
4679:Cyberdelic
4544:Tropicália
4517:Street art
4472:Intermedia
4452:Minimalism
4171:Spatialism
4125:Postmodern
3981:Surrealism
3849:Shin-hanga
3689:Die BrĂĽcke
3657:Sonderbund
3570:Synthetism
3293:Revivalism
3202:Transition
3159:Manichaean
3005:Adam style
2926:Classicism
2865:in Utrecht
2793:Still life
2523:Romanesque
2479:Macedonian
2474:Iconoclast
2433:Visigothic
2339:Republican
2293:Indo-Greek
2263:Red-figure
2070:Gothic art
2064:Gothic art
2047:Gothic art
2033:Gothic art
2021:Gothic art
2015:Gothic art
2003:0136235964
1913:0333371852
1835:0525475613
1820:References
1491:Émile Mâle
1386:art portal
1358:white boar
1260:polyptychs
1168:, English
985:Veit Stoss
842:polyptychs
797:classicism
753:engravings
741:blockbooks
730:Charles IV
640:Visitation
621:churches.
493:La Bruyère
471:Pope Leo X
440:The word "
416:tapestries
297:was often
255:monumental
107:Gothic art
30:Gothic art
5163:Shock art
5153:Queer art
5133:NaĂŻve art
5116:Modernism
4948:Superflat
4938:Sound art
4918:Post-YBAs
4903:Neomodern
4744:Verdadism
4714:Superflat
4563:1970–1999
4527:in the US
4447:Video art
4370:Happening
4343:1960–1969
4135:1945–1959
3798:1915–1944
3789:Vorticism
3741:A Nyolcak
3603:1900–1914
3575:Les Nabis
3506:Symbolism
3462:Amsterdam
3412:Japonisme
3382:1863–1899
3344:in Greece
3204:to modern
3049:Caribbean
2994:Goût grec
2916:Capriccio
2870:Tenebrism
2819:Turquerie
2717:Mannerism
2612:Medieval
2469:Byzantine
2450:Mozarabic
2401:Ethiopian
2305:Neo-Attic
2288:"Baroque"
2273:Classical
2243:Geometric
2221:Mycenaean
2168:(Western)
2166:Premodern
2137:Premodern
1637:Coe, 8–11
1434:Pleurants
1101:from the
1074:from the
992:alabaster
959:of 1301.
856:Sculpture
603:Elmelunde
595:Fanefjord
418:woven in
401:Etymology
249:built by
196:bourgeois
147:sculpture
5193:Category
5143:Portrait
5064:Folk art
5012:Anti-art
4943:Stuckism
4856:Idea art
4777:Art game
4729:Artivism
4617:Punk art
4595:Sots Art
4580:Artscene
4437:Land art
4375:Neo-Dada
4307:Lettrism
4201:Nuagisme
4186:Tachisme
4067:Nazi art
3860:De Stijl
3774:Rayonism
3764:Art Deco
3752:Futurism
3543:Luminism
3511:Romanian
3496:Tonalism
3467:Canadian
3445:American
3351:Neo-Grec
2959:Rocaille
2788:Romanism
2722:Counter-
2656:Trecento
2596:Duecento
2586:Crusades
2518:Ottonian
2496:Frankish
2376:Medieval
2359:Trajanic
2319:Scythian
2314:Etruscan
2206:Cycladic
2184:Thracian
2050:Archived
2037:Archived
1966:, 2006,
1622:Archived
1372:See also
1338:ampullae
1252:jousting
1218:limewood
1066:Nativity
976:Flanders
972:Burgundy
966:work of
933:Giovanni
899:transept
824:and the
724:, whose
691:psalters
525:Painting
497:Rousseau
485:Romantic
446:Barbaric
420:Flanders
281:and the
131:Southern
127:Northern
5158:Realism
4755:present
4482:Nut Art
4285:Pop art
4223:Mono-ha
4091:The Ten
4040:Kapists
3986:Iranian
3939:Bauhaus
3733:Orphism
3679:Fauvism
3516:Russian
3406:Nihonga
3320:Verismo
3305:Realism
3239:Purismo
3152:Moorish
3147:Islamic
3054:Haitian
2845:Baroque
2724:Maniera
2608:Mudéjar
2533:Spanish
2445:Pictish
2428:Lombard
2423:Insular
2364:Severan
2329:Gaulish
2324:Iberian
2253:Archaic
2196:Nuragic
2176:Ancient
2159:periods
2056:, from
2029:Online.
2023:, from
1962:, ed.,
1513:22 June
1354:fustian
1310:reliefs
1226:Bavaria
1150:, 1429.
1099:prophet
1078:, 1260.
953:Perugia
840:, even
773:woodcut
747:in the
699:tempera
561:Frescos
543:frescos
501:Molière
489:Boileau
467:Raphael
460:by the
430:(Paris)
375:Passion
214:Origins
188:Secular
5106:Kitsch
4965:Toyism
4457:Fluxus
4387:Op art
3956:Mingei
3890:Stupid
3868:Purism
3723:Cubism
3372:Modern
3164:Mughal
2954:Rococo
2559:Gothic
2540:Norman
2464:Viking
2418:Hunnic
2396:Coptic
2211:Minoan
2201:Aegean
2189:Dacian
2141:Modern
2089:8 June
2001:
1970:
1953:
1939:
1925:
1911:
1894:
1888:Gothic
1876:
1861:
1847:
1833:
1688:
1588:
1544:
1362:Edward
1334:badges
1097:and a
1049:group.
1000:Verona
947:, the
769:prints
718:Oxford
615:Gökhem
611:Tensta
599:Keldby
571:Sweden
442:Gothic
324:Giotto
269:, and
265:, the
259:fresco
204:guilds
159:fresco
4753:2000–
4196:COBRA
3190:Uki-e
3180:Japan
3169:Qajar
2528:Mosan
2334:Roman
2228:Greek
1460:Notes
1314:ivory
1295:Meuse
1208:from
1188:from
1095:David
1029:–20).
759:like
716:near
680:, by
367:PietĂ
235:Toruń
81:circa
5042:Icon
4365:ZERO
4123:and
4020:Asso
3844:Dada
3401:YĹŤga
2143:and
2091:2007
1999:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1951:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1923:ISBN
1909:ISBN
1892:ISBN
1874:ISBN
1859:ISBN
1845:ISBN
1831:ISBN
1686:ISBN
1586:ISBN
1542:ISBN
1515:2017
1289:and
1068:and
974:and
803:and
763:and
619:Anga
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