39:
246:; more generally, they did not distinguish between Celtic and Germanic peoples. Apparently, this distinction was first made by Julius Caesar, whose main concern was to argue that raids into southern Gaul and Italy by northern peoples who were less softened by Mediterranean civilization, should be seen in Rome as a systematic problem that can repeat in the future, and thereby demanded pre-emptive military action. This was his justification for invading northern Gaul.
351:
flowing in every direction and crossing many times. Where the sea comes into contact with the mainland, the sea is contained by the banks of islands, banks that are not far offshore and that are virtually equidistant everywhere. There the sea runs a narrow course like a strait, then, curving, it promptly adapts to a long brow of land. 32. On the bay are the Cimbri and the
Teutoni; farther on, the farthest people of Germany, the
2116:
377:, but this is in a part of his text that has become garbled in surviving copies. Gudmund Schütte proposed that the two peoples should be understood as one, but that different versions of works based on that of Ptolemy used literary sources such as Pliny and Mela to place them in different positions somewhere near the Cimbri, in a part of the landscape they did not have good information for – either in
949:
158:, which is commonly found in both Celtic (Lingones, Senones, etc.) and Germanic (Ingvaeones, Semnones, etc.) tribal names during the Roman era. The stem apparently had a lower-class connotation, as opposed to an elite group or a ruling class and its original meaning in PIE times may have been 'the people under arms', as suggested by the
709:
p.11: "Erst Caesar ordnete
Kimbern und Teutonen den Germanen zu. Die Zeitgenossen hatten in den gefährlichen Nordbarbaren eher die direkten Nachfolger der Gallischen Invasoren um 400 v. Chr. gesehen." p. 51: "Vor Caesar hatten auch die Römer keinen umfassenden Germanenbegriff. In den älteren Quellen
350:
31. On the other side of the Albis , the huge
Codanus Bay is filled with big and small islands. For this reason, where the sea is received within the fold of the bay, it never lies wide open and never really looks like a sea but is sprinkled around, rambling and scattered like rivers, with water
280:
in his biography of Marius, who fought the
Teutones, wrote that they and the Cimbri "had not had intercourse with other peoples, and had traversed a great stretch of country, so that it could not be ascertained what people it was nor whence they had set out". He reported that there were different
690:
It was the Cimbri, along with their allies the
Teutones and Ambrones, who for half a score of years kept the world in suspense. All three peoples were doubtless of Germanic stock. We may take it as established that the original home of the Cimbri was on the Jutish peninsula, that of the Teutones
360:
54. The thirty
Orcades are separated by narrow spaces between them; the seven Haemodae extend opposite Germany in what we have called Codanus Bay; of the islands there, Scandinavia , which the Teutoni still hold, stands out as much for its size as for its fertility
118:. On the other hand, the indications that classical authors gave about the homeland of the Teutones is considered by many scholars to show that they lived in an area associated with early Germanic languages, and not in an area associated with Celtic languages.
461:. When their request was denied, the Teutonic women slew their own children. The next morning, all the women were found dead in each other's arms, having strangled each other during the night. Their joint martyrdom passed into Roman legends of
218:", an older term that was a Latinization of the then-current pronunciations of the related West Germanic word meaning "of the people". By extension the word "Teutonic" is often also used in a broader way to mean the same as "Germanic".
441:, the king of the Teutones, Teutobod, was taken in irons after the Teutones were defeated by the Romans. Under the conditions of the surrender, three hundred married women were to be handed over to the victorious Romans as
230:
and thought probably to have spoken a
Germanic language, although the evidence is fragmentary. However, because of the non-Germanic, possibly Celtic, form of the names of both the Teutones and their associates the
213:
languages occurred in the Latin of monastic writers by the ninth century and has continued into modern times. It originally served as a learned classical Latin word to be used instead of the similar sounding
300:(died AD 79), described the Teutones as neighbours of the northern island of Abalus where amber washed up in the spring, and was traded by the Teutones. Abalus was one day's sail from a
202:.) A possible corruption of the original name by Greek and Latin writers means however that the real pronunciation may not have been reflected in the spelling.
970:
1026:
38:
114:. Evidence such as the tribal name, and the names of their rulers, at as they were written up by Roman historians, indicates a strong influence from
2073:
281:
conjectures: that they were "some of the German peoples which extended as far as the northern ocean"; that they were "Galloscythians", a mixture of
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of the
Teutones heard of this stipulation, they begged the consul that they might instead be allowed to minister in the temples of
1134:
2096:
1304:
526:
2086:
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somewhere between the Ems and the Weser, and that of the
Ambrones in the same neighbourhood, also on the North Sea coast.
1235:
642:
2140:
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1114:
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has been connected to the name of the
Teutons, a proposal in line with ancient reports that they came from that area.
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110:. Later Roman authors followed his identification. There is no direct evidence about whether or not they spoke a
32:
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werden Kimbern und Teutonen nicht als Germanen bezeichnet, sondern als Kelten, Keltoskythen oder gar Kimmerier."
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936:. Part 3, Wortschatz der Germanischen Spracheinheit. 4. Aufl. (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht), 1909.
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187:('people, tribe'), or it may have been from a stage of Germanic language development prior to the
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235:, as well as the personal names known from these tribes, some historians have suggested a
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891:, Epitome 1.38.16–17 and Valerius Maximus, Factorum et Dictorum Memorabilium 6.1.ext.3
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Teutones, a Germanic tribe, known chiefly from their migration with the Cimbri...
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of his own time, and used this term for all northern peoples located east of the
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authors. The Teutons are best known for their participation, together with the
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and Celts who had lived as far east as the Black Sea, or that the Cimbri were
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261:. Pliny also classified them this way and specified that they were among the
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then defeated them separately in 102 BC and 101 BC respectively, ending the
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1513:
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974:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 673.
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Ptolemy's maps of northern Europe, a reconstruction of the prototypes
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266:
250:
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84:
43:
330:(died circa 45 CE) stated that the Teutons lived on a large island,
1004:
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The Cimbri are generally believed to have been a tribe of GERMANICS
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1936:
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954:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Reportedly, some surviving captives participated as the rebelling
446:
243:
236:
107:
2006:
1653:
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or Scandinavia, or else somewhere on the southern Baltic coast.
1008:
992:
191:("pre-Germanic"). (Compare the later-attested Germanic form *
334:, which was one of a group of islands in a large bay called
617:
Haubrichs, Wolfgang; Wolfram, Herwig (2005), "Theodiscus",
242:
The earliest classical writers classified the Teutones as
414:
in 105 BC, the Cimbri and Teutones divided their forces.
934:
Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Indogermanischen Sprachen
79:) were an ancient northern European tribe mentioned by
406:
After achieving decisive victories over the Romans at
19:
This article is about the tribe known in Latin as the
365:
Surviving texts based on the work of the geographer
2072:
1353:
1315:
1105:
1059:
902:
791:Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths
195:- 'nation, people, folk'; embodied for example by
154:('people, tribe, crowd') attached to the suffix
837:, translated by Romer, F.E., pp. 109–117,
146:(singular). It transparently derives from the
1020:
422:. The defeat of the Teutones occurred at the
8:
1051:origin primarily identified as speakers of
859:
847:
818:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
619:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
593:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
66:
23:. The term "Teutons" also may refer to the
1027:
1013:
1005:
312:inhabited by another Germanic people, the
932:Fick, August, Alf Torp and Hjalmar Falk:
834:Pomponius Mela's description of the world
812:Reichert, Hermann; Timpe, Dieter (1999),
226:The Teutons commonly are classified as a
641:Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006).
37:
2092:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
960:Beck, Frederick George Meeson (1911). "
497:
257:(died circa AD 31) classify Teutons as
42:"The Women of the Teutones Defend the
585:
583:
581:
563:
561:
7:
878:, Kjøbenhavn, H. Hagerup, p. 60
743:
179:may be interpreted as deriving from
590:Zimmer, Stefan (2005). "Teutonen".
31:in particular. For other uses, see
14:
292:The Fourth Century BC traveller,
2115:
2114:
995:The New Student's Reference Work
947:
644:Encyclopedia of European Peoples
2097:Christianization of Scandinavia
909:. Simon and Schuster. pp.
527:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
95:in the late second century BC.
16:Ancient northern European tribe
2087:Christianization of the Franks
1160:Continental Germanic mythology
681:The Cambridge Medieval History
1:
433:According to the writings of
369:mentioned both Teutones and "
304:or estuary facing the ocean (
138:(plural) or, more rarely, as
621:, vol. 30, De Gruyter,
596:. Vol. 30. De Gruyter.
384:The name of the district of
265:, related to the Cimbri and
2102:Christianization of Iceland
2167:
399:
289:, from even farther east.
255:Marcus Velleius Paterculus
76:
18:
2110:
1042:
872:Schütte, Gudmund (1917),
572:Oxford English Dictionary
239:origin for the Teutones.
87:and other groups, in the
1340:North Germanic languages
1325:Germanic parent language
209:to refer to speakers of
130:is attested in Latin as
98:Some generations later,
1345:West Germanic languages
1335:East Germanic languages
1330:Proto-Germanic language
1150:Proto-Germanic folklore
1087:Romano-Germanic culture
971:Encyclopædia Britannica
901:Strauss, Barry (2009).
843:2027/mdp.39015042048507
796:Museum Tusculanum Press
532:Oxford University Press
506:Thompson, Edward Arthur
424:Battle of Aquae Sextiae
253:(died circa AD 24) and
222:Linguistic affiliations
189:first consonantal shift
786:Christensen, Arne Søby
510:Dobson, John Frederick
346:as being Scandinavia.
205:The much later use of
67:
62:
50:
1155:Anglo-Saxon mythology
1045:Ethnolinguistic group
1000:. 1914. p. 1895.
889:Lucius Annaeus Florus
704:Pohl, Walter (2004),
520:; Spawforth, Antony;
316:(probably either the
102:compared them to the
41:
731:Velleius Paterculus
688:. pp. 191–193.
651:. pp. 797–798.
27:collectively or the
2082:Gothic Christianity
783:. Modern analysis:
676:Hussey, Joan Mervyn
649:Infobase Publishing
148:Proto-Indo-European
2141:Pre-Roman Iron Age
1465:Germani cisrhenani
1173:Funerary practices
1077:Pre-Roman Iron Age
1053:Germanic languages
798:. pp. 27–31.
767:Plutarch, Marius,
426:(near present-day
51:
48:Heinrich Leutemann
2128:
2127:
1300:Gothic and Vandal
1092:Germanic Iron Age
1067:Nordic Bronze Age
1049:Northern European
920:978-1-4165-3205-7
905:The Spartacus War
518:Hornblower, Simon
474:Third Servile War
296:, as reported by
112:Germanic language
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2118:
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2074:Christianization
1664:Ripuarian Franks
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779:Pliny the Elder
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486:Furor Teutonicus
435:Valerius Maximus
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104:Germanic peoples
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862:, p. 256.
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2146:Cimbrian War
1961:
1400:Anglo-Saxons
1390:Adrabaecampi
1373:Bucinobantes
1115:Architecture
994:
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941:Attribution:
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846:. Comments:
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706:Die Germanen
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569:"Teuton, n."
552:
545:. Retrieved
525:
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467:
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420:Cimbrian War
416:Gaius Marius
405:
402:Cimbrian War
396:Cimbrian War
383:
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181:Proto-Celtic
176:
174:
169:
162:
155:
151:
150:(PIE) stem *
143:
139:
135:
131:
125:
97:
89:Cimbrian War
54:
52:
46:" (1882) by
20:
1840:Nahanarvali
1763:Hilleviones
1676:Frisiavones
1544:Cananefates
1534:Burgundians
1445:Banochaemae
1295:Anglo-Saxon
1246:Anglo-Saxon
1212:Anglo-Saxon
1195:Anglo-Saxon
1178:Anglo-Saxon
686:CUP Archive
547:January 25,
449:. When the
371:Teutonoaroi
302:tidal marsh
2151:Ingaevones
2135:Categories
2059:Vinoviloth
1847:Marcomanni
1830:Helveconae
1808:Heaðobards
1778:Istvaeones
1768:Ingaevones
1753:Hermunduri
1721:Ostrogoths
1711:Greuthungi
1589:Chattuarii
1415:Angrivarii
1410:Ampsivarii
1378:Lentienses
1207:Literature
1097:Viking Age
658:1438129181
514:"Teutones"
492:References
470:gladiators
443:concubines
344:Codannovia
340:Baltic Sea
332:Codannovia
318:Inguaeones
306:aestuarium
287:Cimmerians
263:Ingaevones
216:theodiscus
172:('army').
165:- and the
44:Wagon Fort
2054:Vidivarii
2049:Victohali
2039:Vangiones
1972:Thuringii
1877:Nuithones
1773:Irminones
1736:Visigoths
1726:Thervingi
1686:Gambrivii
1639:Dulgubnii
1634:Dauciones
1584:Chasuarii
1524:Brondings
1450:Bastarnae
1440:Baiuvarii
1420:Armalausi
1383:Raetovari
1317:Languages
1285:Symbology
1145:Folklore
1140:Festivals
814:"Guiones"
744:Beck 1911
353:Hermiones
308:) called
283:Scythians
175:The name
91:with the
2120:Category
2027:Hasdingi
2012:Usipetes
1992:Tubantes
1977:Toxandri
1957:Tencteri
1932:Suarines
1917:Sicambri
1912:Semnones
1892:Reudigni
1862:Mattiaci
1852:Marsacii
1803:Lombards
1793:Lacringi
1788:Juthungi
1619:Corconti
1604:Cherusci
1579:Charudes
1559:Chaedini
1529:Bructeri
1514:Bateinoi
1485:Eburones
1480:Condrusi
1475:Caeroesi
1470:Atuatuci
1405:Ambrones
1368:Brisgavi
1363:Alemanni
1241:Paganism
1130:Clothing
1125:Calendar
1072:Germania
788:(2002).
678:(1957).
524:(eds.).
512:(2012).
480:See also
375:Germania
361:besides.
310:Metuonis
278:Plutarch
273:Homeland
177:Teutones
152:tewtéh₂-
144:Teutonus
132:Teutonēs
128:ethnonym
77:Τεύτονες
63:Teutones
33:Teutonic
21:Teutones
2044:Varisci
2032:Silingi
2022:Vandals
1997:Tulingi
1987:Triboci
1982:Treveri
1962:Teutons
1952:Taifals
1927:Sitones
1867:Nemetes
1825:Helisii
1798:Lemovii
1716:Gutones
1649:Firaesi
1644:Favonae
1624:Cugerni
1614:Cobandi
1569:Chamavi
1564:Chaemae
1554:Casuari
1549:Caritni
1519:Betasii
1490:Paemani
1425:Auiones
1290:Warfare
1268:Scripts
1236:Numbers
1060:History
968:(ed.).
962:Teutoni
958::
719:Strabo
574:. 2019.
472:in the
451:matrons
412:Arausio
390:Jutland
379:Zealand
367:Ptolemy
336:Codanus
322:Gutones
314:Guiones
294:Pytheas
160:Hittite
136:Teutoni
68:Teutoni
55:Teutons
29:Germans
2064:Warini
2017:Vagoth
2002:Tungri
1967:Thelir
1947:Swedes
1942:Sunici
1907:Saxons
1902:Rugini
1835:Manimi
1820:Diduni
1758:Heruli
1696:Gepids
1681:Frisii
1659:Franks
1609:Cimbri
1599:Chauci
1594:Chatti
1507:Nervii
1502:Morini
1460:Belgae
1455:Batavi
1430:Avarpi
1395:Angles
1355:Groups
1305:Viking
1251:Gothic
1229:Gothic
1135:Family
997:
964:". In
952:
917:
802:
769:ch. 11
755:Pliny
655:
625:
600:
538:
447:slaves
439:Florus
408:Noreia
342:, and
267:Chauci
251:Strabo
237:Celtic
233:Cimbri
207:Teuton
197:Gothic
167:Luwian
140:Teuton
85:Cimbri
1937:Suebi
1922:Sciri
1897:Rugii
1887:Quadi
1872:Njars
1857:Marsi
1815:Lugii
1783:Jutes
1748:Harii
1743:Gutes
1701:Goths
1691:Geats
1629:Danes
1574:Chali
1495:Segni
1435:Baemi
1278:Runes
1263:Rings
1256:Norse
1224:Names
1217:Norse
1200:Norse
1183:Norse
913:–22.
781:37.11
516:. In
459:Venus
455:Ceres
373:" in
320:, or
244:Celts
200:þiuda
193:þeudō
185:towtā
163:tuzzi
156:-ones
108:Rhine
81:Roman
59:Latin
2007:Ubii
1654:Fosi
1539:Buri
915:ISBN
800:ISBN
757:4.28
733:2.12
721:IV.4
653:ISBN
623:ISBN
598:ISBN
549:2020
536:ISBN
457:and
445:and
437:and
410:and
170:tuta
126:The
122:Name
53:The
1882:Osi
1190:Law
1120:Art
1047:of
839:hdl
430:).
388:in
386:Thy
324:).
142:or
134:or
2137::
991:.
911:21
816:,
810:;
794:.
684:.
661:.
647:.
580:^
560:^
551:.
534:.
508:;
465:.
269:.
75::
71:,
65:,
61::
1167:)
1028:e
1021:t
1014:v
923:.
841::
808:.
606:.
355:.
214:"
183:*
57:(
35:.
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