1781:
1425:
1224:
86:
1684:
391:
52:
3276:
1231:
1030:
2185:
2476:
407:
399:
4443:
2354:
1420:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {a}}{\mathfrak {b}}{\mathfrak {c}}{\mathfrak {d}}{\mathfrak {e}}{\mathfrak {f}}{\mathfrak {g}}{\mathfrak {h}}{\mathfrak {i}}{\mathfrak {j}}{\mathfrak {k}}{\mathfrak {l}}{\mathfrak {m}}{\mathfrak {n}}{\mathfrak {o}}{\mathfrak {p}}{\mathfrak {q}}{\mathfrak {r}}{\mathfrak {s}}{\mathfrak {t}}{\mathfrak {u}}{\mathfrak {v}}{\mathfrak {w}}{\mathfrak {x}}{\mathfrak {y}}{\mathfrak {z}}}
1219:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {A}}{\mathfrak {B}}{\mathfrak {C}}{\mathfrak {D}}{\mathfrak {E}}{\mathfrak {F}}{\mathfrak {G}}{\mathfrak {H}}{\mathfrak {I}}{\mathfrak {J}}{\mathfrak {K}}{\mathfrak {L}}{\mathfrak {M}}{\mathfrak {N}}{\mathfrak {O}}{\mathfrak {P}}{\mathfrak {Q}}{\mathfrak {R}}{\mathfrak {S}}{\mathfrak {T}}{\mathfrak {U}}{\mathfrak {V}}{\mathfrak {W}}{\mathfrak {X}}{\mathfrak {Y}}{\mathfrak {Z}}}
466:
2430:
This block of characters is intended for use in setting mathematical texts, which contrast blackletter characters with other letter styles. Outside of mathematics, the character set has seen some limited decorative use, but it lacks punctuation and other characters necessary for running text, and the
448:
space in a time when writing materials were very costly. As early as the 11th century, different forms of
Carolingian were already being used, and by the mid-12th century, a clearly distinguishable form, able to be written more quickly to meet the demand for new books, was being used in northeastern
605:
scripts. It can generally be said that it was used in the 11th and 12th centuries, CE. As universities began to populate Europe a need for a more rapid writing technology led to the development of this script. The rounded forms of
Carolingian became angular flicks of the quill, and both letters and
1803:
grew in popularity, until by about 1590 most presses had converted to them. However, blackletter was considered to be more readily legible (especially by the less literate classes of society), and it therefore remained in use throughout the 17th century and into the 18th for documents intended for
2746:
Book
Publisher Adolf Müller, has decided that in the future the Antiqua script is to be described as normal script. All printed materials are to be gradually converted to this normal script. As soon as is feasible in terms of textbooks, only the normal script will be taught in village and state
1662:
Words from other languages, especially from
Romance languages including Latin, are usually typeset in antiqua instead of blackletter. The practice of setting foreign words or phrases in antiqua within a blackletter text does not apply to loanwords that have been incorporated into the language.
328:
2038:, the script was actually very slow to develop in German-speaking areas. It developed first in those areas closest to France and then spread to the east and south in the 13th century. The German-speaking areas are, however, where blackletter remained in use the longest.
2163:
mandated an end to the use of
Fraktur in 1941. By then, Fraktur had been the most common and well-known blackletter style in Germany for a long time, and as a result all kinds of blackletter (including Schwabacher, Textualis, and so on) tend to be called
2382:
or "Gothic script", was used for general publications from the fifteenth century on, but became restricted to official documents and religious publications during the seventeenth century. Its use persisted into the nineteenth century for editions of the
274:
from approximately 1150 until the 17th century. It continued to be commonly used for Danish, Norwegian, and
Swedish until the 1870s, Finnish until the turn of the 20th century, Latvian until the 1930s, and for the German language until the 1940s, when
735:
Letters formed by sharp, straight, angular lines, unlike the typically round
Carolingian; as a result, there is a high degree of "breaking", i.e. lines that do not necessarily connect with each other, especially in curved
898:("the smallest mimes of the gods of snow do not wish at all in their life that the great duty of the defenses of wine be diminished"). In blackletter, this would look like a series of single strokes. As a result,
2068:, probably first used it as early as 1472. The origins of the name remain unclear; some assume that a typeface-carver from the village of Schwabach—one who worked externally and who thus became known as the
637:〈ſ〉 is used primarily, but there are examples of the short 's' in some manuscripts. Punctuation is limited, usually only full stops and commas, and they are usually rendered at the mid-line.
2598:
An introduction to the history of printing types; an illustrated summary of main stages in the development of type design from 1440 up to the present day: an aid to type face identification
2713:
Jew letters. Just as they later took control of the newspapers, upon the introduction of printing the Jews residing in
Germany took control of the printing presses and thus in Germany the
1935:
was tall and narrow compared to other national forms, and was most fully developed in the late 13th century in Paris. In the 13th century there also was an extremely small version of
444:
These books needed to be produced quickly to keep up with demand. Labor-intensive
Carolingian, though legible, was unable to effectively keep up. Its large size consumed a lot of
361:
was the direct ancestor of blackletter. Blackletter developed from
Carolingian as an increasingly literate 12th-century Europe required new books in many different subjects. New
2086:
type is usually very heavy and angular, and there are few characteristic features that are common to all occurrences of the script. One common feature is the use of the letter
4028:
3050:
2155:(1493–1519) established a series of books and had a typeface created specifically for it. In the 19th century, the use of antiqua alongside Fraktur increased, leading to an
938:
was a blackletter form that was much used in early German print typefaces. It continued to be used occasionally until the 20th century. Characteristics of Schwabacher are:
994:
is formed by an angular stroke, the right side by a rounded stroke. At the top and at the bottom, both strokes join in an angle. Other small letters have analogous forms.
982:
is a form of blackletter that became the most common German blackletter typeface by the mid-16th century. Its use was so common that often any blackletter form is called
4479:
2756:
Jew letters by officials will in future cease; appointment certifications for functionaries, street signs, and so forth will in future be produced only in normal script.
1910:
are unique, unlike any forms in any other English script. The legacy of these English cursive Gothic forms survived in common use as late as the 18th century in the
800:
when attached to other letters with bows; only the bow and tail were written, connected to the bow of the previous letter. In other scripts, this only occurred in a
3128:
2771:
Amann will in future convert those newspapers and periodicals that already have foreign distribution, or whose foreign distribution is desired, to normal script".
2044:
typefaces dominated in Germany from about 1480 to 1530, and the style continued in use occasionally until the 20th century. Most importantly, all of the works of
7121:
4402:
2223:
In the 18th century, the pointed quill (in contrast to the quill with a wide flat tip) was adopted for blackletter handwriting. In the early 20th century, the
686:
According to Dutch scholar Gerard Lieftinck, the pinnacle of blackletter use was reached in the 14th and 15th centuries. For Lieftinck, the highest form of
4554:
287:
is a notable script of this type, and sometimes the entire group of blackletter faces is referred to as Fraktur. Blackletter is sometimes referred to as
2102:
was first used in the 13th and 14th centuries and subsequently became more elaborate and decorated, and it was generally reserved for liturgical works.
7153:
2014:
2431:
Unicode standard for setting non-mathematical material in blackletter is to use ordinary Latin code points with a dedicated blackletter font.
1780:
8223:
4472:
3058:
138:
3472:
2637:
1939:
used to write miniature Bibles, known as "pearl script". Another form of French textualis in this century was the script developed at the
946:
is rounded on both sides, though at the top and at the bottom, the two strokes join in an angle. Other small letters have analogous forms.
2707:
It is wrong to regard or to describe the so-called Gothic script as a German script. In reality, the so-called Gothic script consists of
6229:
4541:
2135:
3121:
7991:
7947:
1502:(at the end of a word) are very similar to their Carolingian forms. However, not all of these features are found in every example of
7977:
7086:
2943:
2404:
878:, especially in the later period of the script, do not connect with each other. This makes it very difficult to distinguish between
6323:
1529:) was the usual form, used for writing standard books, and it generally was written with a larger pen, leading to larger letters.
8209:
6926:
4465:
2152:
1789:
6649:
5910:
1628:
since the 16th-century French typographers, the blackletter typefaces never developed a similar distinction. Instead, they use
237:
219:
1765:
form is almost indistinguishable from its Parisian counterpart; however, there are a few differences, such as the round final
8216:
6782:
6421:
2872:
1822:'s works had been printed in blackletter in the late 15th century, but were subsequently more usually printed in Roman type.
382:
35:
558:, although only used significantly after that era, and actually formed the basis for the later development of blackletter.
6891:
6792:
6416:
5474:
4397:
3392:
3114:
1891:
316:
1826:
wrote in 1781 that "I am too, though a Goth, so modern a Goth that I hate the black letter, and I love Chaucer better in
8350:
8202:
8181:
5469:
5244:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4536:
4282:
4244:
3432:
1894:
and came to England by way of France. Secretary script has a somewhat haphazard appearance and its forms of the letters
640:
As the script continued to evolve and become ever more angular, vertical and compressed, it began its transition to the
4855:
280:
8082:
8061:
6741:
6736:
6431:
6333:
4546:
4428:
3497:
1784:
Handbill of 1715, with the main text in blackletter type, publishing a royal proclamation for the apprehension of the
1714:
forms developed after 1190 and were used most often until approximately 1300, after which it became used mainly for
8149:
6746:
6313:
4008:
3038:
2561:
1795:
Printers of the late 15th and early 16th centuries commonly used blackletter typefaces, but under the influence of
8335:
6399:
6121:
5674:
5261:
4920:
3654:
2839:
1718:
manuscripts. English forms of blackletter have been studied extensively and may be divided into many categories.
1600:
used in his earliest surviving printed works, dating from the early 1450s. The name is taken from two works: the
430:
rotunda, scribal abbreviations and ligatures, and contains several relatively modern versions of letters such as
629:
usually painted in bright colors. Other features are split acenders, a storied 'a', both the standard 'r' and a
7899:
7885:
7190:
5773:
5576:
4412:
4229:
3900:
3837:
3542:
3465:
2931:
2490:
486:
7504:
5689:
3101:
3090:
8188:
7216:
5829:
5709:
5192:
5096:
4573:
4531:
4488:
3223:
2156:
2147:
Roughly translated to English, it reads "Walbaum Fraktur: Victor chases twelve boxers across the Sylt dyke."
609:
Early Gothic is characterized by a number of factors. There are no capital letters for this script. Instead
5278:
2255:, as it was less angular than those produced by northern printing centers. The most common form of Italian
1973:, developed in the 15th century and was used for vernacular texts as well as Latin. A more angular form of
6906:
6343:
5845:
5835:
5768:
4711:
3857:
3580:
3096:
2049:
1809:
233:
229:
215:
410:
Modern interpretation of blackletter script in the form of the font "Old English" which includes several
8340:
8290:
8195:
7984:
7933:
7393:
7315:
7079:
7018:
6572:
6451:
6153:
5885:
5561:
4745:
4733:
4706:
4691:
4332:
3832:
3827:
3740:
3727:
3560:
3183:
2264:
1703:
1629:
801:
739:
672:
614:
598:
541:
494:
358:
118:
2053:
1996:
2407:
range at U+1D504-1D537 and U+1D56C-1D59F (bold), except for individual letters already encoded in the
856:
has a straight back stroke, and the top loop eventually became closed, somewhat resembling the number
8330:
8054:
7805:
7482:
6978:
6881:
6633:
6597:
6002:
5925:
5506:
5335:
5318:
4995:
4634:
4124:
3765:
3619:
3213:
2312:
1754:
1550:(especially in France), and as its name suggests, is a hybrid form of the script. It is a mixture of
917:
875:
5425:
5415:
4990:
3275:
2315:
developed in the 13th century from scripts used by notaries. The more calligraphic form is known as
1683:
1533:
was used for textbooks and other unimportant books and it had very little standardization in forms.
390:
51:
8345:
6777:
6499:
6022:
5405:
5395:
5044:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4728:
4446:
4407:
4320:
4214:
4069:
4047:
4037:
3905:
3512:
3502:
3458:
3439:
3330:
3253:
2002:
1940:
470:
362:
85:
5054:
4955:
8040:
8017:
7651:
7540:
7530:
7422:
7365:
7351:
7308:
7013:
6896:
6731:
6623:
6582:
6536:
6531:
6426:
6408:
6076:
6007:
5972:
5920:
5753:
5733:
5726:
5721:
5479:
5410:
5132:
4510:
4370:
4297:
4277:
4267:
4239:
4209:
4169:
3796:
3659:
3644:
3585:
3575:
3402:
3368:
3335:
3305:
3265:
3178:
3142:
3138:
3012:
2913:
2905:
2536:
2420:
2408:
2138:
2128:
1597:
721:
711:
664:
626:
546:
533:
7273:
473:, then one of the city's most prolific printers. The red chapter initials were handwritten by a
8163:
8156:
8128:
7892:
7878:
7790:
7679:
7589:
7568:
7547:
7475:
7407:
7266:
7224:
7176:
6911:
6901:
6546:
6541:
6446:
6441:
6348:
6303:
6203:
6126:
6106:
6096:
6086:
6081:
6017:
6012:
5940:
5875:
5860:
5810:
5805:
5748:
5684:
5642:
5484:
5370:
5293:
4809:
4804:
4681:
4315:
4234:
4189:
4119:
3590:
3340:
3248:
3193:
3173:
3054:
2959:
2939:
2868:
2057:
1978:
1961:
was used from the 13th to the 16th century, when it became highly looped, messy, and slanted.
785:), the bows overlap and the letters are joined by a straight line (this is known as "biting").
725:
529:
525:
450:
8297:
8235:
8135:
8089:
8075:
8033:
7908:
7854:
7835:
7769:
7761:
7747:
7740:
7665:
7461:
7436:
7372:
7344:
7330:
7259:
7245:
7162:
7135:
7072:
6983:
6886:
6708:
6551:
6178:
6158:
6148:
6143:
6027:
5783:
5716:
5704:
5669:
5664:
5647:
5586:
5551:
5511:
5313:
5308:
5256:
5207:
5091:
5025:
4965:
4915:
4860:
4777:
4755:
4740:
4686:
4676:
4610:
4201:
4154:
3993:
3940:
3801:
3611:
3300:
3241:
3236:
3203:
2897:
2888:
Mish, Charles C. (1953). "Black letter as a social determinant in the seventeenth century".
2566:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2184:
2105:
2061:
1887:
1699:
1692:
347:
31:
6956:
1443:, there is no real standard form. It developed in the 14th century as a simplified form of
8121:
7813:
7754:
7700:
7693:
7672:
7658:
7642:
7620:
7575:
7468:
7443:
7415:
7400:
7323:
7301:
7294:
7252:
7212:
7183:
6871:
6841:
6664:
6587:
6353:
6283:
6193:
6188:
6173:
6136:
6116:
6052:
6042:
6032:
5997:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5865:
5850:
5820:
5815:
5699:
5694:
5541:
5531:
5521:
5385:
5350:
5345:
5325:
5219:
5177:
5117:
5000:
4970:
4880:
4840:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4716:
4696:
4644:
4627:
4615:
4337:
4224:
4219:
4139:
4107:
3998:
3735:
3537:
3384:
3359:
3218:
3163:
2475:
2384:
2116:
2035:
2026:
Roughly translated to English, it reads "Example of Old Schwabacher: Victor chases twelve
2013:
1929:
1707:
1486:, and ascenders are curved and looped rather than vertical (seen especially in the letter
1440:
676:
610:
562:
415:
351:
327:
6318:
5501:
4292:
6468:
3106:
1947:, which also is small in size and designed to be written quickly, not calligraphically.
815:
when followed by a letter with a bow; its ascender is then curved to the left, like the
8258:
8142:
8026:
8006:
7915:
7783:
7714:
7613:
7561:
7554:
7386:
7379:
7358:
7337:
7238:
7231:
6993:
6921:
6916:
6767:
6751:
6726:
6669:
6659:
6654:
6494:
6368:
6328:
6298:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6208:
6183:
6131:
6071:
6037:
5987:
5935:
5900:
5855:
5825:
5778:
5738:
5637:
5591:
5546:
5464:
5400:
5355:
5340:
5303:
5283:
5251:
5239:
5187:
5182:
5172:
5162:
5157:
5074:
5059:
5049:
5015:
5005:
4950:
4935:
4900:
4750:
4654:
4602:
4492:
4342:
4287:
4164:
3967:
3791:
3745:
3679:
3649:
3517:
3320:
3188:
2576:
2495:
2481:
2342:
1823:
1617:
1605:
1601:
1596:(also known as Donatus-und-Kalender or D-K) is the name for the metal type design that
336:
296:
271:
113:
8324:
8265:
8114:
8047:
7970:
7940:
7798:
7776:
7707:
7603:
7582:
7429:
7287:
7205:
7198:
7169:
7128:
7043:
7033:
7028:
7003:
6998:
6931:
6815:
6509:
6168:
6111:
5763:
5536:
5420:
5375:
5330:
5298:
5147:
5084:
5064:
5037:
5010:
4940:
4925:
4910:
4865:
4622:
4134:
4102:
4092:
3972:
3416:
3310:
3295:
3168:
3158:
2917:
2541:
2515:
2361:
2324:
2045:
2023:"Beispiel Alte Schwabacher: Victor jagt zwölf Boxkämpfer quer über den Sylter Deich."
1990:
1886:, but by the 16th century, the principal cursive blackletter used in England was the
1872:
form was used until the 15th century and also was used to write vernacular texts. An
755:
618:
506:
454:
411:
190:
1862:, a very round and looped script, which also had a squarer and angular counterpart,
953:
has a horizontal stroke at its top that forms crosses with the two downward strokes.
406:
398:
7721:
7686:
7627:
7114:
6876:
6772:
6685:
6577:
6478:
6288:
6101:
6066:
6047:
5982:
5977:
5870:
5758:
5632:
5556:
5496:
5365:
5360:
5271:
5266:
5202:
5142:
5122:
5079:
5069:
5020:
4905:
4885:
4875:
4723:
4701:
4659:
4392:
4272:
4159:
4144:
4114:
4074:
4057:
3811:
3781:
3755:
3664:
3507:
3489:
3409:
3345:
3325:
3077:(A comprehensive PDF file containing 82 pages profusely illustrated, January 2024).
2732:
1805:
896:
mimi numinum niuium minimi munium nimium uini muniminum imminui uiui minimum uolunt
551:
276:
5930:
3423:
3397:
3097:
London Review of Books article about blackletter fonts and font history in general
3074:
2934:(1986). "The meaning of literacy in early modern England". In Bauman, Gerd (ed.).
2224:
154:
2188:
The names of four common blackletter typefaces written in their respective styles
8304:
8068:
7999:
7280:
6971:
6831:
6592:
6436:
6293:
6198:
5967:
5895:
5788:
5581:
5491:
5390:
5380:
5234:
5197:
5152:
5137:
5112:
5032:
4960:
4945:
4649:
4387:
4382:
4375:
4365:
4179:
4129:
4084:
4024:
3988:
3959:
3947:
3750:
3702:
3570:
2977:
2551:
2531:
2510:
2120:
2041:
2017:
1831:
1827:
1796:
1688:
1625:
930:
660:
555:
490:
474:
419:
402:
English blackletter typefaces highlighting differences between select characters
304:
292:
30:"Black letter" and "Gothic minuscule" redirect here. For the legal concept, see
2994:
864:
often has a diagonal line connecting its two bows, also somewhat resembling an
6961:
6936:
6504:
5947:
5437:
5432:
5288:
5229:
4870:
4360:
4174:
4064:
3917:
3910:
3887:
3842:
3806:
3760:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3692:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3481:
3315:
3260:
2692:
2571:
2556:
2523:(also known as common law hand, Anglicana, cursiva antiquior, or charter hand)
2520:
2471:
2455:𝕬 𝕭 𝕮 𝕯 𝕰 𝕱 𝕲 𝕳 𝕴 𝕵 𝕶 𝕷 𝕸 𝕹 𝕺 𝕻 𝕼 𝕽 𝕾 𝕿 𝖀 𝖁 𝖂 𝖃 𝖄 𝖅
2424:
2134:
1911:
1800:
1785:
1621:
1506:, which makes it difficult to determine whether or not a script may be called
566:
445:
308:
295:
language, which predates blackletter by many centuries and was written in the
2611:
2457:𝖆 𝖇 𝖈 𝖉 𝖊 𝖋 𝖌 𝖍 𝖎 𝖏 𝖐 𝖑 𝖒 𝖓 𝖔 𝖕 𝖖 𝖗 𝖘 𝖙 𝖚 𝖛 𝖜 𝖝 𝖞 𝖟
2443:𝔞 𝔟 𝔠 𝔡 𝔢 𝔣 𝔤 𝔥 𝔦 𝔧 𝔨 𝔩 𝔪 𝔫 𝔬 𝔭 𝔮 𝔯 𝔰 𝔱 𝔲 𝔳 𝔴 𝔵 𝔶 𝔷
2331:, a script used for writing books rather than charters, in the 14th century.
550:("the ancient letter"), wrongly believing that it was the script used by the
8272:
8251:
8244:
7038:
7023:
6860:
6607:
6556:
6523:
6358:
6249:
5798:
5526:
5442:
5167:
3852:
3847:
3624:
3552:
3374:
2737:
2505:
2328:
1858:
as the standard university script. The earliest cursive blackletter form is
1464:
1021:
793:
702:, was used for literary works and university texts. Lieftinck's third form,
630:
569:
166:
6966:
4457:
2144:"Walbaum-Fraktur: Victor jagt zwölf Boxkämpfer quer über den Sylter Deich."
2353:
1659:
The use of bold text for emphasis is also alien to blackletter typefaces.
663:
form of blackletter, and today is the form most associated with "Gothic".
7008:
6988:
6951:
6946:
6826:
6787:
6628:
6387:
6272:
6163:
5905:
5793:
5743:
5614:
5127:
4930:
4890:
4671:
4664:
4515:
4325:
4184:
4003:
3876:
3862:
3687:
3639:
3364:
3208:
2546:
2500:
2441:𝔄 𝔅 ℭ 𝔇 𝔈 𝔉 𝔊 ℌ ℑ 𝔍 𝔎 𝔏 𝔐 𝔑 𝔒 𝔓 𝔔 ℜ 𝔖 𝔗 𝔘 𝔙 𝔚 𝔛 𝔜 ℨ
2416:
2337:
2124:
2123:, a blackletter with more rounded letters, soon became the usual printed
2112:
2065:
1608:, a Latin grammar, and the Kalender (calendar). It is a form of textura.
1546:
514:
422:) and several punctuation marks, but lacks letter alternatives like long
366:
312:
225:
913:) were subsequently developed. Minims may also have finals of their own.
465:
7095:
6602:
6473:
6363:
6338:
6224:
6061:
5915:
5890:
5659:
5566:
5214:
4828:
4639:
4149:
3935:
3786:
3697:
3629:
3565:
3352:
3290:
2804:
2526:
2400:
2179:
1819:
1468:
1452:
1439:
refers to a very large variety of forms of blackletter; as with modern
974:
707:
622:
378:
374:
332:
300:
284:
182:
150:
17:
2909:
2684:
710:
form of blackletter, extremely difficult to read and used for textual
8096:
5840:
5652:
5571:
5516:
5224:
4895:
4052:
3669:
2412:
2160:
2027:
1813:
1571:
1010:
899:
869:
816:
789:
634:
597:) was born and later died, because it was an interim script spanning
894:. A 14th-century example of the difficulty that minims produced is:
732:
Tall, narrow letters, as compared to their Carolingian counterparts.
2901:
920:
than Carolingian, adding to the speed in which it could be written.
6463:
6458:
6308:
6091:
5992:
5679:
4590:
3895:
3634:
3602:
3080:
2689:
2388:
2352:
2183:
2133:
2012:
1779:
1682:
1460:
561:
Blackletter script should not be confused with either the ancient
517:
invented this script after they invaded Italy in the 6th century.
464:
405:
397:
389:
381:
and other pursuits, not solely religious works, for which earlier
326:
2360:
mixed with select use of Antiqua in an 1853 Dutch edition of the
2216:
with fewer looped letters and with square proportions similar to
1636:) for emphasis. When blackletter is letterspaced, ligatures like
849:
have descenders, but no other letters are written below the line.
469:
Page of a rare blackletter Bible, 1497, printed in Strasbourg by
6941:
6836:
4251:
4097:
4042:
2964:
Five Hundred Years of Chaucer Criticism and Allusion (1357–1900)
1014:
7068:
6858:
6813:
6706:
6385:
6270:
5612:
4826:
4588:
4571:
4461:
3454:
3110:
2659:
2196:
is similar to the cursive scripts in other areas, but forms of
3011:"22.2 Letterlike Symbols, Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols".
2399:
Mathematical blackletter characters are separately encoded in
370:
3450:
960:
has a peculiar form somewhat reminiscent of the small letter
3093:
A simple OpenType blackletter font setting ſ and s by itself
2463:
Note: (The above may not render fully in all web browsers.)
1854:) began to be used in the 13th century, and soon replaced
1478:, descenders are more frequent, especially in the letters
1467:. It was therefore, easier to write quickly on paper in a
1812:, and for literature aimed at the common people, such as
2204:
and other letters are more varied; here too, the letter
2278:
also is characterized by unique abbreviations, such as
1584:
with an open descender (similar to Carolingian forms).
589:
It is difficult to be specific about the time at which
485:
was first used to describe this script in 15th-century
3085:
2034:
Despite the frequent association of blackletter with
1234:
1033:
544:, a highly legible script which the humanists called
1761:
in the 13th century and early 14th century, and the
777:) is followed by another letter with a bow (such as
524:, but any other seemingly barbarian script, such as
224:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
8282:
8233:
8173:
8106:
8016:
7962:
7925:
7865:
7846:
7827:
7732:
7638:
7599:
7526:
7453:
7152:
7145:
7106:
6760:
6719:
6678:
6642:
6616:
6565:
6522:
6487:
6407:
6398:
6217:
5625:
5457:
5105:
4848:
4839:
4524:
4503:
4421:
4353:
4306:
4260:
4200:
4083:
4023:
3981:
3958:
3926:
3886:
3875:
3820:
3774:
3726:
3678:
3610:
3601:
3551:
3488:
3383:
3283:
3149:
3051:
Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art
2688:The memorandum itself is typed in Antiqua, but the
2267:in the 13th century. Biting is a common feature in
720:was most widely used in France, the Low Countries,
188:
181:
165:
160:
132:
106:
101:
93:
78:
68:
58:
43:
3020:. Mountain View, CA: Unicode, Inc. September 2021.
1652:remain together without additional letterspacing (
1419:
1218:
1009:Here is the entire alphabet in Fraktur (minus the
3035:Latin Palaeography: Antiquity and the Middle Ages
2978:"Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols Unicode Chart"
2938:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 97–131 (99).
2828:John Man, How One Man Remade the World with Words
1777:used in the final position in the Paris script.
1459:developed partly because of the introduction of
238:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
2805:"What's The Name For The Dot Over "i" And "j"?"
2783:The Origin and Development of Humanistic Script
2415:at U+017F). Fonts supporting the range include
3086:Association for the German Script and Language
7080:
4473:
4403:Intellectual property protection of typefaces
3466:
3122:
2685:Facsimile of Bormann's Memorandum (in German)
1730:, as it generally lacks feet on its minims),
1562:, it borrowed vertical ascenders, while from
1521:was the most legible and calligraphic style.
675:and common abbreviations—when he printed his
394:Various German language blackletter typefaces
8:
3945:
3430:
3421:
3407:
3350:
2966:. London: Chaucer Society. pp. xliv–xx.
2766:
2760:
2751:
2741:
2729:
2723:
2714:
2708:
2699:
2142:
2021:
1994:
1558:, developed in the early 15th century. From
997:The capital letters are compound of rounded
986:in Germany. Characteristics of Fraktur are:
811:Similarly related is the form of the letter
2220:, was used in the 15th and 16th centuries.
1873:
1863:
1849:
1710:, sometimes called "Romanesque minuscule".
7450:
7149:
7087:
7073:
7065:
6855:
6810:
6716:
6703:
6404:
6395:
6382:
6267:
5622:
5609:
4845:
4836:
4823:
4585:
4581:
4568:
4500:
4480:
4466:
4458:
3883:
3607:
3473:
3459:
3451:
3129:
3115:
3107:
872:is frequently used in the middle of words.
728:. Some characteristics of the script are:
683:was rarely used for typefaces after this.
554:. It was in fact invented in the reign of
84:
50:
4429:Punctuation and other typographic symbols
2698:"For general attention, on behalf of the
1411:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
311:, blackletter served as one of the major
2936:The Written Word: literacy in transition
291:, but it is not to be confused with the
3047:Blackletter: type and national identity
2719:Jew letters were forcefully introduced.
2588:
2282:with a line beneath the bow signifying
1702:blackletter developed from the form of
633:〈ꝛ〉 used after letters with bowls. The
520:Not only were blackletter forms called
365:were founded, each producing books for
97:Western and Northern European languages
3045:Bain, Peter; Shaw, Paul, eds. (1998).
2865:Pica Roman Type in Elizabethan England
2227:script was introduced in the schools.
754:) are vertical and often end in sharp
497:believed this style was barbaric, and
434:, which is confusable with the letter
177:, Latin (Fraktur variant)
40:
8224:American Printing House for the Blind
8000:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
7652:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
1834:than in his own language and dress."
1816:, chivalric romances, and jokebooks.
1687:Blackletter in a Latin Bible of 1407
822:. Otherwise the ascender is vertical.
671:typeface—including a large number of
149:are sometimes used interchangeably),
27:Historic European script and typeface
7:
2704:, I make the following announcement:
698:manuscripts. The usual form, simply
228:. For the distinction between ,
2427:Math, and Quivira (textura style).
2151:Fraktur came into use when Emperor
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
659:or "Gothic bookhand", was the most
3014:The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0
2995:"Letterlike Symbols Unicode Chart"
1804:widespread dissemination, such as
1722:("Old English" or "blackletter"),
1620:typeface is usually a compound of
1447:, with influence from the form of
990:The left side of the small letter
25:
3053:. Princeton Architectural Press.
2638:"Goottilaisten kirjainten käyttö"
2405:Mathematical alphanumeric symbols
2391:, but otherwise became obsolete.
2286:, and unusual spellings, such as
1878:form developed from a mixture of
4442:
4441:
3274:
2600:. Clerkenwell : Wace. p. 5.
2474:
2317:minuscola cancelleresca italiana
1746:are various forms of high-grade
788:A related characteristic is the
513:(1474), wrote that the Germanic
339:Ps 93:16–21), with blackletter "
572:that are also sometimes called
563:alphabet of the Gothic language
270:, was a script used throughout
220:International Phonetic Alphabet
4553:Languages by writing system /
3075:'Manual of Latin Palaeography'
2618:. The Danish National Archives
2335:influenced the development of
1936:
123:Latin script, Blackletter hand
44:Latin script, Blackletter hand
36:Gothic script (disambiguation)
1:
7992:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
7948:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
4398:History of Western typography
3393:Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting
2251:blackletter also is known as
1914:used for some legal records.
1769:forms, resembling the number
761:When a letter with a bow (in
317:history of Western typography
8203:National Braille Association
8182:Braille Institute of America
7900:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
4245:traditional point-size names
3433:Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift
3102:Gothic Calligraphy Workbooks
2844:. Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag
2060:(1498), used this typeface.
714:, and less important books.
213: This article contains
204:
203:, with some exceptions (see
8083:Refreshable braille display
8062:Optical braille recognition
7659:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
7191:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
6334:New Epoch Notation Painting
3498:Canons of page construction
2867:. Aldershot: Scolar Press.
2863:Ferguson, W. Craig (1989).
2141:lettering. The text reads:
2131:in the early 17th century.
2020:lettering. The text reads:
8367:
8150:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
3039:Cambridge University Press
2596:Dowding, Geoffrey (1962).
2562:Ronde script (calligraphy)
2449:Mathematical Bold Fraktur:
2327:), which developed into a
2241:
2212:form, which was basically
2177:
1965:, the "hybrid" mixture of
1463:, which was smoother than
972:
928:
29:
7886:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
7064:
6867:
6854:
6822:
6809:
6715:
6702:
6400:Chinese family of scripts
6394:
6381:
6279:
6266:
5621:
5608:
5470:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
4835:
4822:
4597:
4584:
4580:
4567:
4555:by first written accounts
4499:
4437:
3655:Subscript and superscript
3272:
2838:Distler, Hugo (c. 1935).
2767:
2752:
2742:
2730:
2715:
2709:
2127:, but it was replaced by
1995:
1523:Littera cursiva textualis
916:The script has many more
704:littera textualis currens
692:littera textualis formata
606:words became compressed.
385:typically had been used.
331:Page from a 14th-century
211:
49:
7873:Chinese semi-syllabaries
7136:Unicode braille patterns
7122:International uniformity
5577:Thomas Natural Shorthand
4413:Vox-ATypI classification
3543:Intentionally blank page
3081:Learn Blackletter Online
2962:(1923). "Introduction".
2960:Spurgeon, Caroline F. E.
2491:Antiqua (typeface class)
2378:form, commonly known as
2072:—designed the typeface.
418:, ampersand (instead of
8210:Blindness organizations
8189:Braille Without Borders
7978:Canadian currency marks
7600:Egyptian lineage family
6783:Southwest Paleohispanic
2781:Berthold Louis Ullman,
2612:"Styles of Handwriting"
2271:, but breaking is not.
2159:which lasted until the
2157:Antiqua-Fraktur dispute
1773:, rather than the long
1750:styles of blackletter.
1656:is dissolved, though).
1612:Blackletter typesetting
1531:Littera cursiva currens
1519:littera cursiva formata
1513:Lieftinck also divided
216:phonetic transcriptions
7527:Russian lineage family
6927:Great Lakes Algonquian
5836:Greco-Iberian alphabet
5769:Gabelsberger shorthand
4712:Inscriptional Parthian
3946:
3431:
3422:
3408:
3351:
2794:Drogin, 1980, page 131
2785:. (Rome), 1960, p. 12.
2761:
2724:
2700:
2695:is printed in Fraktur.
2666:. University of Latvia
2364:
2189:
2148:
2143:
2050:Protestant Reformation
2031:
2030:across the Sylt dike."
2022:
1890:, which originated in
1874:
1864:
1850:
1792:
1728:textualis sine pedibus
1696:
1421:
1220:
540:. This in contrast to
489:, in the midst of the
478:
439:
403:
395:
355:
34:. For other uses, see
8291:Accessible publishing
8217:Schools for the blind
8196:Japan Braille Library
7985:Computer Braille Code
7639:Indian lineage family
7019:Old Persian cuneiform
5886:Carolingian minuscule
4692:Ancient North Arabian
3091:Pfeffer Simpelgotisch
2435:Mathematical Fraktur:
2356:
2265:University of Bologna
2187:
2137:
2016:
1987:lettre bourgouignonne
1783:
1706:used there after the
1704:Carolingian minuscule
1686:
1422:
1221:
918:scribal abbreviations
599:Carolingian Minuscule
542:Carolingian minuscule
495:Renaissance humanists
468:
409:
401:
393:
359:Carolingian minuscule
330:
119:Carolingian minuscule
8055:Mountbatten Brailler
7410:(largely reassigned)
7193:(largely reassigned)
6742:Southeastern Iberian
6737:Northeastern Iberian
4635:Egyptian hieroglyphs
4283:Typographic features
2841:Neues Chorliederbuch
1755:University of Oxford
1695:, Wiltshire, England
1451:as used for writing
1232:
1031:
742:(in letters such as
536:, were also labeled
8351:Western calligraphy
8007:Nemeth braille code
7793:(reassigned vowels)
7318:(extended to 8-dot)
6892:Canadian Aboriginal
6778:Khitan small script
6500:Khitan large script
5690:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
4408:Technical lettering
4307:Typography in other
4048:Hanging punctuation
3331:Technical lettering
3033:Bernhard Bischoff,
2261:littera bononiensis
2003:John, Duke of Berry
1945:littera parisiensis
1941:University of Paris
1790:Sir William Wyndham
1759:littera parisiensis
1724:textualis prescissa
1566:, it borrowed long
1517:into three styles:
956:The capital letter
621:letters were used.
82:Left-to-right
63:Alphabet
8041:Braille translator
8018:Braille technology
7994:(science; GS8/GS6)
7963:Symbols in braille
7893:Taiwanese Mandarin
7408:Taiwanese Mandarin
7014:Nwagu Aneke script
6566:Other logosyllabic
6488:Chinese-influenced
6427:Oracle bone script
6409:Chinese characters
6344:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
5734:Eclectic shorthand
5722:Duployan shorthand
5675:Caucasian Albanian
5475:Canadian syllabics
4511:History of writing
4371:Handwriting script
4298:Desktop publishing
4268:Character encoding
4261:Digital typography
3775:Horizontal aspects
3728:Visual distinction
3586:Widows and orphans
3403:Getty-Dubay Italic
3369:Ukrainian skoropys
2660:"Gotiskais raksts"
2537:History of writing
2409:Letterlike Symbols
2365:
2190:
2149:
2096:⟨uu⟩
2092:⟨vu⟩
2032:
1997:Très Riches Heures
1875:Anglicana bastarda
1856:littera oxoniensis
1810:Acts of Parliament
1793:
1763:littera oxoniensis
1732:textualis quadrata
1697:
1654:⟨ſt⟩
1650:⟨ſt⟩
1646:⟨tz⟩
1642:⟨ck⟩
1638:⟨ch⟩
1417:
1216:
1024:Fraktur typeface:
845:, and the hook of
783:⟨po⟩
779:⟨be⟩
665:Johannes Gutenberg
627:Lombardic Capitals
501:was a synonym for
479:
440:
404:
396:
356:
8318:
8317:
8314:
8313:
8236:tactile alphabets
8164:William Bell Wait
8157:Sabriye Tenberken
7958:
7957:
7823:
7822:
7808:(Japanese vowels)
7606:-mediated scripts
7533:-mediated scripts
7060:
7059:
7056:
7055:
7052:
7051:
6912:Ditema tsa Dinoko
6850:
6849:
6805:
6804:
6801:
6800:
6698:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6518:
6517:
6377:
6376:
6262:
6261:
6258:
6257:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5453:
5452:
4818:
4817:
4805:Teeline Shorthand
4563:
4562:
4455:
4454:
4202:Typographic units
4120:For position only
4019:
4018:
3871:
3870:
3448:
3447:
3060:978-1-56898-125-3
2768:Herr Reichsleiter
2759:On behalf of the
2385:State Translation
2292:⟨s⟩
2288:⟨x⟩
2280:⟨q⟩
2208:is often used. A
2206:⟨w⟩
2202:⟨s⟩
2198:⟨a⟩
2088:⟨w⟩
2064:, a printer from
2052:, as well as the
2048:, leading to the
1908:⟨s⟩
1904:⟨r⟩
1900:⟨g⟩
1896:⟨a⟩
1865:Anglicana formata
1851:Cursiva Anglicana
1775:⟨s⟩
1771:⟨8⟩
1767:⟨s⟩
1744:textualis rotunda
1720:Textualis formata
1582:⟨g⟩
1578:⟨a⟩
1573:⟨ſ⟩
1568:⟨f⟩
1500:⟨s⟩
1496:⟨g⟩
1492:⟨a⟩
1488:⟨d⟩
1484:⟨s⟩
1480:⟨f⟩
1017:⟨ß⟩
1003:⟨s⟩
999:⟨c⟩
992:⟨o⟩
962:⟨h⟩
958:⟨H⟩
951:⟨g⟩
949:The small letter
944:⟨o⟩
942:The small letter
911:⟨y⟩
906:⟨j⟩
902:⟨i⟩
892:⟨n⟩
888:⟨m⟩
884:⟨u⟩
880:⟨i⟩
866:⟨8⟩
862:⟨s⟩
858:⟨8⟩
854:⟨a⟩
847:⟨h⟩
843:⟨y⟩
839:⟨q⟩
835:⟨p⟩
831:⟨j⟩
827:⟨g⟩
820:⟨d⟩
813:⟨d⟩
806:⟨o⟩
798:⟨r⟩
775:⟨q⟩
771:⟨p⟩
767:⟨d⟩
763:⟨b⟩
752:⟨h⟩
748:⟨d⟩
744:⟨b⟩
700:littera textualis
511:Italia Illustrata
436:⟨r⟩
432:⟨x⟩
428:⟨r⟩
424:⟨s⟩
258:), also known as
245:
244:
74:12th–17th century
16:(Redirected from
8358:
8336:Medieval scripts
8307:
8300:
8298:Braille literacy
8293:
8275:
8268:
8261:
8254:
8247:
8226:
8219:
8212:
8205:
8198:
8191:
8184:
8166:
8159:
8152:
8145:
8138:
8131:
8124:
8117:
8099:
8092:
8090:Slate and stylus
8085:
8078:
8076:Perkins Brailler
8071:
8064:
8057:
8050:
8043:
8036:
8034:Braille embosser
8029:
8009:
8002:
7995:
7987:
7980:
7973:
7951:
7943:
7936:
7918:
7911:
7902:
7895:
7888:
7881:
7874:
7858:
7855:American Braille
7839:
7836:Algerian Braille
7816:
7809:
7801:
7794:
7786:
7779:
7772:
7765:
7757:
7750:
7743:
7725:
7717:
7710:
7703:
7696:
7689:
7682:
7675:
7668:
7661:
7654:
7631:
7623:
7616:
7592:
7585:
7578:
7571:
7564:
7557:
7550:
7543:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7478:
7471:
7464:
7451:
7446:
7439:
7432:
7425:
7418:
7411:
7403:
7396:
7389:
7382:
7375:
7368:
7361:
7354:
7347:
7340:
7333:
7326:
7319:
7311:
7304:
7297:
7290:
7283:
7276:
7269:
7262:
7255:
7248:
7241:
7234:
7227:
7220:
7208:
7201:
7194:
7186:
7179:
7172:
7165:
7150:
7138:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7100:
7089:
7082:
7075:
7066:
6856:
6811:
6717:
6709:Semi-syllabaries
6704:
6405:
6396:
6383:
6268:
5623:
5610:
5512:Japanese Braille
5097:Zanabazar square
4966:Nepalese scripts
4856:Bengali–Assamese
4846:
4837:
4824:
4741:Pitman shorthand
4586:
4582:
4569:
4501:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4459:
4445:
4444:
4422:Related template
4354:Related articles
4155:Phototypesetting
4009:reverse-contrast
3994:Display typeface
3951:
3928:Blackletter type
3884:
3821:Vertical aspects
3802:Sentence spacing
3612:Typeface anatomy
3608:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3452:
3436:
3427:
3413:
3385:Teaching scripts
3356:
3278:
3237:Serbian Cyrillic
3131:
3124:
3117:
3108:
3064:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2786:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2703:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2593:
2567:Rotunda (script)
2484:
2479:
2478:
2464:
2458:
2444:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2244:Rotunda (script)
2207:
2203:
2199:
2146:
2106:Johann Gutenberg
2097:
2093:
2089:
2025:
2000:
1999:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1888:Secretary script
1877:
1867:
1853:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1693:Malmesbury Abbey
1691:, on display in
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1594:Donatus-Kalender
1588:Donatus-Kalender
1583:
1579:
1576:, single-looped
1574:
1569:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1018:
1005:-shaped strokes.
1004:
1000:
993:
963:
959:
952:
945:
912:
907:
903:
893:
889:
885:
881:
867:
863:
859:
855:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
821:
814:
807:
804:with the letter
799:
796:), the shape of
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
753:
749:
745:
655:, also known as
625:were most often
471:Johann Grüninger
437:
433:
429:
425:
414:glyphs, such as
348:Luttrell Psalter
345:
264:Gothic minuscule
241:
235:
231:
202:
198:
176:
173:
89:
88:
54:
41:
32:Black letter law
21:
8366:
8365:
8361:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8356:
8355:
8321:
8320:
8319:
8310:
8303:
8296:
8289:
8278:
8271:
8264:
8257:
8250:
8243:
8229:
8222:
8215:
8208:
8201:
8194:
8187:
8180:
8169:
8162:
8155:
8148:
8141:
8134:
8127:
8122:Charles Barbier
8120:
8113:
8102:
8095:
8088:
8081:
8074:
8067:
8060:
8053:
8046:
8039:
8032:
8025:
8012:
8005:
7998:
7990:
7983:
7976:
7969:
7954:
7946:
7939:
7932:
7921:
7914:
7907:
7898:
7891:
7884:
7877:
7872:
7861:
7853:
7847:Frequency-based
7842:
7834:
7819:
7812:
7804:
7797:
7789:
7782:
7775:
7768:
7760:
7753:
7746:
7739:
7728:
7720:
7713:
7706:
7699:
7692:
7685:
7678:
7671:
7664:
7657:
7650:
7643:Bharati Braille
7640:
7634:
7626:
7619:
7612:
7601:
7595:
7588:
7581:
7574:
7567:
7560:
7553:
7546:
7539:
7528:
7522:
7515:
7510:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7481:
7474:
7467:
7460:
7449:
7442:
7435:
7428:
7421:
7414:
7406:
7399:
7392:
7385:
7378:
7371:
7364:
7357:
7350:
7343:
7336:
7329:
7322:
7314:
7307:
7300:
7293:
7286:
7279:
7272:
7265:
7258:
7251:
7244:
7237:
7230:
7223:
7217:Unified English
7211:
7204:
7197:
7189:
7182:
7175:
7168:
7161:
7146:Braille scripts
7141:
7134:
7127:
7120:
7113:
7102:
7098:
7093:
7048:
6863:
6846:
6842:Stokoe notation
6818:
6797:
6756:
6711:
6690:
6674:
6638:
6617:Logoconsonantal
6612:
6561:
6514:
6483:
6390:
6373:
6354:Siglas poveiras
6275:
6254:
6213:
6117:Younger Futhark
5821:Gregg shorthand
5617:
5596:
5449:
5101:
4831:
4814:
4593:
4576:
4559:
4532:Writing systems
4520:
4495:
4493:writing systems
4486:
4456:
4451:
4433:
4417:
4349:
4309:writing systems
4308:
4302:
4256:
4196:
4140:Microtypography
4079:
4015:
3977:
3954:
3922:
3879:classifications
3878:
3867:
3816:
3770:
3736:Blackboard bold
3722:
3674:
3597:
3547:
3538:Recto and verso
3484:
3479:
3449:
3444:
3379:
3360:Russian cursive
3279:
3270:
3151:
3145:
3135:
3071:
3061:
3044:
3030:
3028:Further reading
3025:
3017:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2780:
2776:
2750:The use of the
2728:, talking with
2683:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2442:
2440:
2397:
2372:
2351:
2349:The Netherlands
2313:Italian cursive
2310:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2246:
2240:
2233:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2182:
2176:
2117:Gutenberg Bible
2115:for his famous
2095:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2011:
1983:lettre de forme
1955:
1927:
1920:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1842:
1801:Roman typefaces
1774:
1770:
1766:
1708:Norman Conquest
1681:
1674:
1669:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1614:
1590:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1544:is also called
1539:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:). The letters
1487:
1483:
1479:
1441:cursive writing
1434:
1427:
1230:
1229:
1029:
1028:
1016:
1002:
998:
991:
977:
971:
961:
957:
950:
943:
933:
927:
910:
909:(and briefly
905:
901:
891:
887:
883:
879:
865:
861:
857:
853:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
819:
812:
805:
797:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
751:
747:
743:
650:
601:and the Gothic
587:
582:
547:littera antiqua
477:after printing.
463:
442:
441:
435:
431:
427:
423:
416:Arabic numerals
352:British Library
343:
325:
281:discontinued it
212:
200:
196:
193:
174:
171:
135:
128:
109:
102:Related scripts
83:
71:
64:
45:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8364:
8362:
8354:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8323:
8322:
8316:
8315:
8312:
8311:
8309:
8308:
8301:
8294:
8286:
8284:
8283:Related topics
8280:
8279:
8277:
8276:
8269:
8262:
8259:New York Point
8255:
8248:
8240:
8238:
8231:
8230:
8228:
8227:
8220:
8213:
8206:
8199:
8192:
8185:
8177:
8175:
8171:
8170:
8168:
8167:
8160:
8153:
8146:
8143:Harris Mowbray
8139:
8132:
8125:
8118:
8110:
8108:
8104:
8103:
8101:
8100:
8093:
8086:
8079:
8072:
8065:
8058:
8051:
8044:
8037:
8030:
8027:Braille e-book
8022:
8020:
8014:
8013:
8011:
8010:
8003:
7996:
7988:
7981:
7974:
7966:
7964:
7960:
7959:
7956:
7955:
7953:
7952:
7944:
7937:
7929:
7927:
7923:
7922:
7920:
7919:
7912:
7905:
7904:
7903:
7896:
7889:
7882:
7869:
7867:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7859:
7850:
7848:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7840:
7831:
7829:
7825:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7817:
7810:
7802:
7795:
7787:
7780:
7773:
7766:
7758:
7751:
7744:
7736:
7734:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7726:
7718:
7711:
7704:
7697:
7690:
7683:
7676:
7669:
7662:
7655:
7647:
7645:
7636:
7635:
7633:
7632:
7624:
7617:
7609:
7607:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7593:
7586:
7579:
7572:
7565:
7558:
7551:
7544:
7536:
7534:
7524:
7523:
7521:
7520:
7519:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7479:
7472:
7465:
7457:
7455:
7448:
7447:
7440:
7433:
7426:
7419:
7412:
7404:
7397:
7390:
7383:
7376:
7369:
7362:
7355:
7348:
7341:
7334:
7327:
7320:
7312:
7305:
7298:
7291:
7284:
7277:
7270:
7263:
7256:
7249:
7242:
7235:
7228:
7221:
7209:
7202:
7195:
7187:
7180:
7173:
7166:
7158:
7156:
7154:French-ordered
7147:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7139:
7132:
7125:
7118:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7103:
7094:
7092:
7091:
7084:
7077:
7069:
7062:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6994:Linear Elamite
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6859:
6852:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6816:Sign languages
6814:
6807:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6793:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6768:Espanca script
6764:
6762:
6758:
6757:
6755:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6727:Linear Elamite
6723:
6721:
6713:
6712:
6707:
6700:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6688:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6646:
6644:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6608:Yi (Classical)
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6569:
6567:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6528:
6526:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6434:
6432:Bronze scripts
6429:
6424:
6419:
6413:
6411:
6402:
6392:
6391:
6386:
6379:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6264:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6245:Flag semaphore
6242:
6240:New York Point
6237:
6235:Telegraph code
6232:
6230:Maritime flags
6227:
6221:
6219:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6184:Visible Speech
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6154:Sorang Sompeng
6151:
6146:
6141:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6038:Galik alphabet
6035:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5938:
5936:Tironian notes
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5781:
5779:Garay alphabet
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5719:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5629:
5627:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5562:Sorang Sompeng
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5485:Déné syllabics
5482:
5472:
5467:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4843:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4746:Proto-Sinaitic
4743:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4726:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4607:
4606:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4505:
4497:
4496:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4462:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4343:National Fonts
4335:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4318:
4312:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4288:Web typography
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4165:Reversing type
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3892:
3890:
3881:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3792:Letter-spacing
3789:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3746:Color printing
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3680:Capitalization
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3518:Page numbering
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3428:
3419:
3414:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3362:
3357:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3224:Early Cyrillic
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3189:Insular script
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3070:
3069:External links
3067:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3042:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3003:
2986:
2969:
2951:
2944:
2923:
2902:10.2307/459873
2896:(3): 627–630.
2880:
2873:
2855:
2830:
2821:
2809:Dictionary.com
2796:
2787:
2774:
2677:
2651:
2629:
2603:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2577:Secretary hand
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2496:Asemic writing
2493:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2482:Writing portal
2469:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2446:
2445:
2396:
2393:
2371:
2366:
2350:
2347:
2343:secretary hand
2341:in France and
2309:
2304:
2263:, used at the
2242:Main article:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2178:Main article:
2175:
2170:
2079:
2074:
2058:Albrecht Dürer
2010:
2007:
1991:books of hours
1954:
1949:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1841:
1836:
1824:Horace Walpole
1680:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:National forms
1665:
1613:
1610:
1606:Aelius Donatus
1602:Ars grammatica
1589:
1586:
1538:
1535:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1228:
1226:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1007:
1006:
995:
973:Main article:
970:
967:
966:
965:
954:
947:
929:Main article:
926:
923:
922:
921:
914:
873:
850:
823:
809:
786:
759:
737:
733:
649:
646:
586:
583:
581:
578:
552:ancient Romans
462:
459:
388:
387:
324:
321:
297:insular script
272:Western Europe
243:
242:
236:⟩, see
209:
208:
194:
189:
186:
185:
179:
178:
169:
163:
162:
158:
157:
151:Kurrentschrift
136:
133:
130:
129:
127:
126:
125:
124:
112:
110:
108:Parent systems
107:
104:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
80:
76:
75:
72:
69:
66:
65:
62:
60:
56:
55:
47:
46:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8363:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8326:
8306:
8302:
8299:
8295:
8292:
8288:
8287:
8285:
8281:
8274:
8270:
8267:
8266:Night writing
8263:
8260:
8256:
8253:
8249:
8246:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8237:
8232:
8225:
8221:
8218:
8214:
8211:
8207:
8204:
8200:
8197:
8193:
8190:
8186:
8183:
8179:
8178:
8176:
8174:Organisations
8172:
8165:
8161:
8158:
8154:
8151:
8147:
8144:
8140:
8137:
8136:Valentin Haüy
8133:
8130:
8126:
8123:
8119:
8116:
8115:Louis Braille
8112:
8111:
8109:
8105:
8098:
8094:
8091:
8087:
8084:
8080:
8077:
8073:
8070:
8066:
8063:
8059:
8056:
8052:
8049:
8048:Braille watch
8045:
8042:
8038:
8035:
8031:
8028:
8024:
8023:
8021:
8019:
8015:
8008:
8004:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7986:
7982:
7979:
7975:
7972:
7971:Braille music
7968:
7967:
7965:
7961:
7949:
7945:
7942:
7938:
7935:
7934:Luxembourgish
7931:
7930:
7928:
7924:
7917:
7913:
7910:
7906:
7901:
7897:
7894:
7890:
7887:
7883:
7880:
7876:
7875:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7864:
7856:
7852:
7851:
7849:
7845:
7837:
7833:
7832:
7830:
7826:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7800:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7785:
7781:
7778:
7774:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7759:
7756:
7752:
7749:
7745:
7742:
7738:
7737:
7735:
7733:Other scripts
7731:
7723:
7719:
7716:
7712:
7709:
7705:
7702:
7698:
7695:
7691:
7688:
7684:
7681:
7677:
7674:
7670:
7667:
7663:
7660:
7656:
7653:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7644:
7637:
7629:
7625:
7622:
7618:
7615:
7611:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7598:
7591:
7587:
7584:
7580:
7577:
7573:
7570:
7566:
7563:
7559:
7556:
7552:
7549:
7545:
7542:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7525:
7514:
7509:
7506:
7505:Northern Sámi
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7480:
7477:
7473:
7470:
7466:
7463:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7454:Nordic family
7452:
7445:
7441:
7438:
7434:
7431:
7427:
7424:
7420:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7402:
7398:
7395:
7394:South African
7391:
7388:
7384:
7381:
7377:
7374:
7370:
7367:
7363:
7360:
7356:
7353:
7349:
7346:
7342:
7339:
7335:
7332:
7328:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7316:Luxembourgish
7313:
7310:
7306:
7303:
7299:
7296:
7292:
7289:
7285:
7282:
7278:
7275:
7271:
7268:
7264:
7261:
7257:
7254:
7250:
7247:
7243:
7240:
7236:
7233:
7229:
7226:
7222:
7218:
7214:
7210:
7207:
7203:
7200:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7185:
7181:
7178:
7174:
7171:
7167:
7164:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7155:
7151:
7148:
7144:
7137:
7133:
7130:
7129:ASCII braille
7126:
7123:
7119:
7116:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7097:
7090:
7085:
7083:
7078:
7076:
7071:
7070:
7067:
7063:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6866:
6862:
6857:
6853:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6821:
6817:
6812:
6808:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6759:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6705:
6701:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6677:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6660:Attic (Greek)
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6641:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6615:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6598:Proto-Elamite
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6564:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6525:
6521:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6486:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6414:
6412:
6410:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6397:
6393:
6389:
6384:
6380:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6274:
6269:
6265:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6112:Elder Futhark
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6003:Old Hungarian
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5611:
5607:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5537:Masaram Gondi
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5507:Gunjala Gondi
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5320:
5319:Old Sundanese
5317:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5262:Old Maldivian
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5246:
5245:Bilang-bilang
5243:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5065:Sylheti Nagri
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:Brahmi script
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4825:
4821:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4761:South Arabian
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4707:Inscriptional
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4570:
4566:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4483:
4478:
4476:
4471:
4469:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4448:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4293:Bézier curves
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4278:Rasterization
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4135:Microprinting
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Etaoin shrdlu
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3874:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3120:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3016:
3015:
3007:
3004:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2945:0-19-875068-4
2941:
2937:
2933:
2932:Thomas, Keith
2927:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2856:
2843:
2842:
2834:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2763:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2734:
2726:
2720:
2705:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2599:
2592:
2589:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:Italic script
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:Chancery hand
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2362:New Testament
2359:
2355:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2333:Cancelleresca
2330:
2326:
2325:chancery hand
2322:
2321:cancelleresca
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2285:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2195:
2186:
2181:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:Johann Bämler
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2046:Martin Luther
2043:
2039:
2037:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:proclamations
1802:
1798:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1764:
1760:
1757:borrowed the
1756:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1740:semi-quadrata
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1635:
1631:
1630:letterspacing
1627:
1623:
1619:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1587:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1227:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1020:), using the
1019:
1012:
996:
989:
988:
987:
985:
981:
976:
968:
955:
948:
941:
940:
939:
937:
932:
924:
919:
915:
908:
897:
877:
874:
871:
860:. The letter
851:
824:
818:
810:
803:
795:
792:(also called
791:
787:
760:
757:
741:
738:
734:
731:
730:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
684:
682:
678:
677:42-line Bible
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
647:
645:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
604:
600:
596:
592:
584:
579:
577:
575:
571:
568:
565:nor with the
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
548:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:Gothic script
518:
516:
512:
508:
507:Flavio Biondo
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
476:
472:
467:
460:
458:
456:
455:Low Countries
452:
447:
421:
417:
413:
412:anachronistic
408:
400:
392:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
353:
349:
342:
338:
334:
329:
322:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
303:. Along with
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:Gothic script
257:
253:
249:
239:
227:
223:
221:
217:
210:
206:
195:
192:
191:Unicode range
187:
184:
180:
170:
168:
164:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:
134:Child systems
131:
122:
121:
120:
117:
116:
115:
111:
105:
100:
96:
92:
87:
81:
77:
73:
67:
61:
57:
53:
48:
42:
37:
33:
19:
8341:Palaeography
7806:Thai and Lao
7483:Scandinavian
7115:1829 braille
7107:Braille cell
6907:Cypro-Minoan
6773:Pahawh Hmong
6686:Sitelen Pona
6650:Hindu-Arabic
5983:Mundari Bani
5880:
5557:Pahawh Hmong
5366:Tamil-Brahmi
5272:Eveyla Akuru
5267:Dhives Akuru
4734:Paleo-Hebrew
4601:
4537:undeciphered
4393:Type foundry
4230:Metric units
4160:Punchcutting
4145:Movable type
4115:Font catalog
4075:Vertical bar
3927:
3812:Word spacing
3782:Figure space
3665:Text figures
3508:Even working
3440:Zaner-Bloser
3410:Grundschrift
3198:
3152:and medieval
3046:
3034:
3013:
3006:
2989:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2935:
2926:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2864:
2858:
2846:. Retrieved
2840:
2833:
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2808:
2799:
2790:
2782:
2777:
2758:
2749:
2733:Reichsleiter
2721:
2706:
2697:
2687:
2680:
2668:. Retrieved
2663:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2615:
2606:
2597:
2591:
2461:
2448:
2447:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2421:Cambria Math
2411:range (plus
2398:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2357:
2345:in England.
2336:
2332:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2299:
2298:rather than
2295:
2283:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2236:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2193:
2191:
2172:
2165:
2153:Maximilian I
2150:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2083:
2082:German-made
2081:
2076:
2069:
2040:
2033:
1993:such as the
1986:
1982:
1977:was used in
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1944:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1818:
1794:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1736:psalterialis
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1698:
1677:
1661:
1658:
1633:
1626:italic types
1615:
1593:
1591:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1475:
1473:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1008:
983:
979:
978:
935:
934:
895:
825:The letters
717:
716:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
685:
680:
668:
661:calligraphic
656:
652:
651:
641:
639:
615:Roman Square
611:Roman Rustic
608:
602:
595:Proto Gothic
594:
591:Early Gothic
590:
588:
585:Early Gothic
573:
560:
545:
537:
521:
519:
510:
502:
498:
482:
480:
443:
363:universities
357:
341:sine pedibus
340:
288:
267:
263:
259:
256:black-letter
255:
252:black letter
251:
247:
246:
232:and ⟨
214:
146:
142:
114:Latin script
8331:Blackletter
8305:RoboBraille
8129:Róża Czacka
8069:Perforation
7866:Independent
7764:(Bhutanese)
7499:Greenlandic
7170:Azerbaijani
6972:Jindai moji
6861:Syllabaries
6832:SignWriting
6732:Celtiberian
6634:Hieroglyphs
6437:Seal script
6422:Traditional
6294:Blissymbols
6199:Warang Citi
6174:Tolong Siki
6127:Marcomannic
6107:Dalecarlian
6097:Anglo-Saxon
6077:Pau Cin Hau
5968:Medefaidrin
5921:Merovingian
5881:Blackletter
5789:Asomtavruli
5582:Warang Citi
5391:Ulu scripts
5336:New Tai Lue
5279:Mon–Burmese
5133:Bhattiprolu
4961:Nandinagari
4788:ʾEsṭrangēlā
4547:constructed
4388:Type design
4383:Style guide
4376:Calligraphy
4366:Handwriting
4180:Type design
4130:Lorem ipsum
4125:Letterpress
4085:Typesetting
4025:Punctuation
3989:Record type
3960:Gaelic type
3948:Schwabacher
3838:Body height
3703:Letter case
3571:Line length
3336:Copperplate
3199:Blackletter
3184:Carolingian
3179:Merovingian
3139:handwritten
2848:1 September
2616:Rigsarkivet
2552:Paleography
2532:Handwriting
2511:Calligraphy
2319:(or simply
2168:in German.
2121:Schwabacher
2070:Schwabacher
2042:Schwabacher
2018:Schwabacher
1832:Baskerville
1797:Renaissance
1622:roman types
1001:-shaped or
936:Schwabacher
931:Schwabacher
925:Schwabacher
852:The letter
694:, used for
679:. However,
556:Charlemagne
534:Merovingian
491:Renaissance
420:Tironian et
305:Italic type
293:Old English
289:Old English
279:officially
268:Gothic type
250:(sometimes
248:Blackletter
147:blackletter
70:Time period
59:Script type
8346:Typography
8325:Categories
7857:(obsolete)
7838:(obsolete)
7630:(Pakistan)
7541:Belarusian
7423:Vietnamese
7366:Portuguese
7352:Philippine
7309:Lithuanian
6962:Hentaigana
6957:Man'yōgana
6417:Simplified
6304:Ersu Shaba
6218:Non-linear
6023:Old Uyghur
6013:Old Permic
6008:Old Italic
5941:Visigothic
5876:Beneventan
5811:Glagolitic
5774:Gadabuursi
5438:Kolezhuthu
5433:Vatteluttu
5371:Tanchangya
5294:Saurashtra
4871:Devanagari
4729:Phoenician
4682:Manichaean
4361:Penmanship
4333:East Asian
4175:Type color
4108:monospaced
4065:Interpunct
4058:minus sign
3982:Specialist
3918:Sans-serif
3911:slab serif
3888:Roman type
3843:Cap height
3807:Thin space
3766:Whitespace
3718:Title case
3713:Snake case
3708:Small caps
3693:Camel case
3625:Diacritics
3533:Pull quote
3528:Pagination
3523:Paper size
3482:Typography
3341:Spencerian
3261:Court hand
3249:Glagolitic
3194:Beneventan
3174:Visigothic
2874:0859677184
2722:Today the
2693:letterhead
2664:Tezaurs.lv
2644:5 February
2584:References
2572:Round hand
2557:Penmanship
2521:Court hand
2090:for Latin
2054:Apocalypse
1912:court hand
868:, but the
706:, was the
681:textualis
567:sans-serif
530:Beneventan
526:Visigothic
493:, because
475:rubricator
446:manuscript
309:Roman type
153:including
8273:Vibratese
8252:Moon type
8245:Decapoint
7926:Eight-dot
7879:Cantonese
7828:Reordered
7791:Inuktitut
7680:Malayalam
7590:Ukrainian
7569:Mongolian
7548:Bulgarian
7511:Norwegian
7476:Icelandic
7267:Hungarian
7225:Esperanto
7177:Cantonese
6761:Redundant
6573:Anatolian
6524:Cuneiform
6452:bird-worm
6388:Logograms
6359:Testerian
6273:Ideograms
6250:Moon type
6137:Staveless
6028:Mongolian
5973:Molodtsov
5931:Sütterlin
5799:Mkhedruli
5665:Bassa Vah
5615:Alphabets
5587:Mwangwego
5552:Mwangwego
5527:Kharosthi
5480:Blackfoot
5443:Malayanma
5314:Sundanese
5309:Sukhothai
5257:Malayalam
5208:Khom Thai
5168:Goykanadi
5092:Tocharian
5045:ʼPhags-pa
4916:Khudabadi
4861:Bhaiksuki
4756:Samaritan
4687:Nabataean
4542:inventors
3858:Overshoot
3853:Mean line
3848:Descender
3761:Underline
3603:Character
3581:Runaround
3561:Alignment
3553:Paragraph
3424:Sütterlin
3398:D'Nealian
3375:Shorthand
3321:Secretary
3301:Johannine
3266:Lombardic
3242:Bosančica
3231:Poluustav
3141:European
3137:Types of
2918:163769557
2753:Schwabach
2716:Schwabach
2710:Schwabach
2670:April 17,
2622:March 26,
2506:Book hand
2425:Noto Sans
2376:textualis
2369:Textualis
2358:Textualis
2329:book hand
2225:Sütterlin
2218:textualis
2119:in 1455.
2110:textualis
2100:Textualis
2084:Textualis
2077:Textualis
1971:textualis
1937:textualis
1933:textualis
1924:Textualis
1884:textualis
1880:Anglicana
1860:Anglicana
1712:Textualis
1678:Textualis
1616:While an
1598:Gutenberg
1560:textualis
1552:textualis
1465:parchment
1449:textualis
1445:textualis
1022:AMS Euler
794:r rotunda
740:Ascenders
718:Textualis
688:textualis
673:ligatures
669:textualis
667:carved a
653:Textualis
570:typefaces
481:The term
461:Etymology
313:typefaces
283:in 1941.
167:ISO 15924
161:ISO 15924
155:Sütterlin
94:Languages
79:Direction
7909:Japanese
7770:Georgian
7762:Dzongkha
7748:Armenian
7666:Gujarati
7531:Cyrillic
7462:Estonian
7437:Yugoslav
7373:Romanian
7345:Nigerian
7260:Hawaiian
7246:Ghanaian
7163:Albanian
7024:Sumerian
6989:Linear B
6952:Katakana
6947:Hiragana
6897:Cherokee
6827:ASLwrite
6788:Bopomofo
6643:Numerals
6629:Hieratic
6588:Isthmian
6557:Sumerian
6537:Assyrian
6532:Akkadian
6189:Vithkuqi
6164:Tifinagh
6132:Medieval
6087:Pisidian
6082:Phrygian
6053:Vagindra
5998:Ol Chiki
5906:Interlac
5861:Kayah Li
5851:Jenticha
5806:Veso Bey
5794:Nuskhuri
5784:Georgian
5754:Formosan
5749:Etruscan
5744:Enochian
5700:Cyrillic
5685:Coelbren
5643:Armenian
5542:Meroitic
5532:Mandombe
5522:Jenticha
5386:Tigalari
5351:Tai Viet
5346:Tai Tham
5326:Tagbanwa
5178:Javanese
5128:Baybayin
5118:Balinese
5106:Southern
5001:Pracalit
4996:Pachumol
4971:Bhujimol
4931:Mahajani
4891:Gurmukhi
4881:Gujarati
4849:Northern
4829:Abugidas
4810:Ugaritic
4798:Maḏnḥāyā
4672:Tifinagh
4665:Solitreo
4603:Numerals
4516:Grapheme
4504:Overview
4447:Category
4326:PT Fonts
4321:Cyrillic
4185:Typeface
4103:computer
4004:fat face
3877:Typeface
3863:x-height
3833:Baseline
3828:Ascender
3688:All caps
3650:Rotation
3645:Ligature
3640:Ink trap
3365:Skoropis
3306:Humanist
3296:Chancery
3214:Georgian
3209:Bastarda
2747:schools.
2640:. Kotus
2547:Law hand
2501:Bastarda
2468:See also
2417:Code2001
2338:bastarda
2274:Italian
2125:typeface
2113:typeface
2066:Augsburg
1979:Burgundy
1975:bastarda
1963:Bastarda
1844:English
1799:tastes,
1786:Jacobite
1634:Sperrung
1632:(German
1547:bastarda
1527:libraria
1510:at all.
1471:script.
1453:charters
1015:sharp s
1013:and the
802:ligature
736:letters.
635:long 's'
631:half 'r'
515:Lombards
503:barbaric
453:and the
367:business
230:/ /
226:Help:IPA
7814:Tibetan
7755:Burmese
7741:Amharic
7724:(India)
7701:Sinhala
7694:Punjabi
7673:Kannada
7621:Persian
7576:Russian
7516:Swedish
7494:Finnish
7469:Faroese
7444:Zambian
7416:Turkish
7401:Spanish
7324:Maltese
7302:Latvian
7295:Italian
7274:Iñupiaq
7253:Guarani
7213:English
7184:Catalan
7101:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
7096:Braille
6979:Kikakui
6917:Eskayan
6902:Cypriot
6752:Dunging
6624:Demotic
6603:Tenevil
6547:Hittite
6542:Elamite
6495:Jurchen
6474:Sawndip
6469:Chữ Nôm
6369:Zapotec
6364:Yerkish
6339:Nsibidi
6324:Miꞌkmaw
6314:Isotype
6284:Adinkra
6225:Braille
6209:Zaghawa
6179:Vellara
6159:Sunuwar
6149:Sidetic
6144:Shavian
6072:Osmanya
6062:Ol Onal
5916:Kurrent
5901:Insular
5891:Fraktur
5866:Klingon
5856:Kaddare
5830:Archaic
5739:Elbasan
5727:Chinook
5717:Deseret
5705:Bosnian
5660:Avoiuli
5648:Avestan
5638:Ariyaka
5567:Tengwar
5465:Bharati
5426:Serawai
5416:Pasemah
5401:Lampung
5356:Lai Tay
5341:Tai Noi
5304:Sinhala
5284:Pallava
5252:Makasar
5240:Lontara
5215:Kulitan
5188:Kannada
5183:Kadamba
5173:Hanunoo
5163:Grantha
5158:Fakkham
5075:Tibetan
5060:Soyombo
5055:Siddhaṃ
5050:Sharada
5026:Litumol
5016:Tirhuta
5006:Ranjana
4991:Kvemmol
4951:Multani
4936:Marchen
4901:Kalinga
4841:Brahmic
4778:Sogdian
4717:Psalter
4697:Pahlavi
4677:Mandaic
4655:Cursive
4640:Elymaic
4611:Aramaic
4273:Hinting
4150:Pangram
3968:Insular
3941:Rotunda
3936:Fraktur
3901:Antiqua
3787:Kerning
3756:Oblique
3751:Italics
3698:Initial
3630:Dingbat
3620:Counter
3566:Leading
3353:Kurrent
3326:Library
3291:Cursive
3254:Angular
3204:Rotunda
3150:Ancient
3143:scripts
3041:, 1989.
2814:30 July
2527:Cursive
2403:in the
2401:Unicode
2395:Unicode
2387:of the
2380:Gotisch
2307:Cursiva
2276:Rotunda
2269:rotunda
2257:rotunda
2253:rotunda
2249:Italian
2237:Rotunda
2214:cursiva
2210:hybrida
2194:cursiva
2192:German
2180:Kurrent
2173:Cursiva
2166:Fraktur
2139:Fraktur
2129:Fraktur
2108:used a
2009:Germany
1967:cursiva
1959:cursiva
1957:French
1952:Cursiva
1870:formata
1846:cursiva
1839:Cursiva
1820:Chaucer
1814:ballads
1788:leader
1748:formata
1716:de luxe
1700:English
1672:England
1618:antiqua
1564:cursiva
1556:cursiva
1542:Hybrida
1537:Hybrida
1515:cursiva
1508:cursiva
1504:cursiva
1476:cursiva
1469:cursive
1457:Cursiva
1437:Cursiva
1432:Cursiva
984:Fraktur
980:Fraktur
975:Fraktur
969:Fraktur
900:dotted
756:finials
726:Germany
722:England
712:glosses
708:cursive
696:de luxe
657:textura
648:Textura
644:hands.
642:textura
623:Versals
603:textura
383:scripts
379:history
375:grammar
337:Vulgate
333:psalter
323:Origins
315:in the
301:Futhorc
285:Fraktur
218:in the
183:Unicode
143:Fraktur
139:Fraktur
18:Textura
8234:Other
8107:People
8097:Braigo
7916:Korean
7784:Hebrew
7715:Telugu
7614:Arabic
7604:Arabic
7562:Kyrgyz
7555:Kazakh
7489:Danish
7387:Slovak
7380:Samoan
7359:Polish
7338:Navajo
7239:German
7232:French
7099:
7044:Yugtun
7034:Woleai
6984:Kpelle
6967:Sōgana
6887:Byblos
6665:Muisca
6583:Cretan
6552:Luwian
6510:Tangut
6329:Mixtec
6299:Dongba
6204:Yezidi
6194:Wancho
6169:Todhri
6122:Gothic
6102:Cipher
6043:Manchu
6033:Evenki
6018:Orkhon
5963:Manchu
5958:Lydian
5953:Lycian
5896:Gaelic
5846:Hanifi
5841:Hangul
5816:Gothic
5764:Fraser
5759:Fox II
5695:Coptic
5670:Carian
5653:Pazend
5626:Linear
5572:Thaana
5517:Sarati
5458:Others
5421:Rejang
5406:Lembak
5396:Incung
5376:Telugu
5331:Tai Le
5225:Langdi
5148:Chakma
5038:Karani
5011:Tamyig
4986:Kummol
4981:Himmol
4976:Golmol
4956:Nagari
4941:Meitei
4926:Lepcha
4911:Khojki
4896:Kaithi
4783:Syriac
4771:Musnad
4650:Ashuri
4645:Hebrew
4628:Elifba
4623:Arabic
4616:Hatran
4591:Abjads
4316:Arabic
4215:Cicero
4053:Hyphen
4038:Bullet
3999:script
3973:Uncial
3906:Didone
3670:Tittle
3513:Margin
3503:Column
3417:Palmer
3311:Italic
3284:Modern
3169:Uncial
3164:Rustic
3057:
2942:
2916:
2910:459873
2908:
2871:
2762:Führer
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