Tarantula - Knowledge

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climbing. Also on the end of each leg, surrounding the claws, is a group of bristles, called the scopula, which help the tarantula to grip better when climbing surfaces such as glass. The fifth pair is the pedipalps, which aid in feeling, gripping prey, and mating in the case of a mature male. The sixth pair of appendages is the chelicerae and their attached fangs. When walking, a tarantula's first and third legs on one side move at the same time as the second and fourth legs on the other side of its body. The muscles in a tarantula's legs cause the legs to bend at the joints, but to extend a leg, the tarantula increases the pressure of

1454: 1722:. These fine bristles are barbed and serve to irritate. They can be lethal to small animals such as rodents. Some people are sensitive to these bristles, and develop serious itching and rashes at the site. Exposure of the eyes and respiratory system to urticating hairs should be strictly avoided. Species with urticating hairs can kick these bristles off; they are flicked into the air at a target using their back pairs of legs. Tarantulas also use these bristles for other purposes, such as to mark territory or to line their shelters (the latter such practice may discourage 2077: 708: 1697: 1750: 1557: 726: 1581:, and the second pair is slightly farther back on the abdomen. Air enters the cavity through a tiny slit on each side of and near the front of the abdomen. Each lung consists of 15 or more thin sheets of folded tissue arranged like the pages of a book. These sheets of tissue are supplied by blood vessels. As air enters each lung, oxygen is taken into the blood stream through the blood vessels in the lungs. Needed moisture may also be absorbed from humid air by these organs. 1441: 1495: 385: 257: 1487: 805: 1965: 1525:, this tube is wider and forms the sucking stomach. When the sucking stomach's powerful muscles contract, the stomach is increased in cross-section, creating a strong sucking action that permits the tarantula to suck its liquefied prey up through the mouth and into the intestines. Once the liquefied food enters the intestines, it is broken down into particles small enough to pass through the intestine walls into the 1376: 235: 566: 2031: 56: 743: 526: 1433:. Then they insert their pedipalps into the semen, absorb the semen into the pedipalps, and later insert the pedipalps (one at a time) into the reproductive organ of the female, which is located in her abdomen. The terminal segments of the pedipalps of male tarantulas are moderately larger in circumference than those of a female tarantula. Male tarantulas have special 1590: 1549:, touch is its keenest sense, and in hunting, it primarily depends on vibrations given off by the movements of its prey. A tarantula's setae are very sensitive organs and are used to sense chemical signatures, vibrations, wind direction, and possibly even sound. Tarantulas are also very responsive to the presence of certain chemicals such as 1514:. The mouth is a short, straw-shaped opening that can only suck, meaning that anything taken into it must be in liquid form. Prey with large amounts of solid parts, such as mice, must be crushed and ground up or predigested, which is accomplished by coating the prey with digestive juices secreted from openings in the 1477:

exudes its silk. The tip of each spinneret is called the spinning field. Each spinning field is covered by as many as 100 spinning tubes through which silk is exuded. As the silk is pulled out of the spinnerets, the shear forces cause proteins in the silk to crystallize, transforming it from a liquid

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Foley, Saoirse; Lüddecke, Tim; Cheng, Dong-Qiang; Krehenwinkel, Henrik; Künzel, Sven; Longhorn, Stuart J.; Wendt, Ingo; von Wirth, Volker; Tänzler, Rene; Vences, Miguel & Piel, William H. (2019). "Tarantula phylogenomics: A robust phylogeny of deep theraphosid clades inferred from transcriptome

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and front legs) into the pool of semen. The pedipalps absorb the semen and keep it viable until a mate can be found. When a male spider detects the presence of a female, the two exchange signals to establish that they are of the same species. These signals may also lull the female into a receptive

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While most Tarantulas species take between two and five years to reach sexual maturity, some species can take up to 10 years. Upon reaching adulthood, males typically have an 18-month period left to live so immediately go in search of a female mate. Although females continue to molt after reaching

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To predators and other enemies, these bristles can range from being lethal to simply being a deterrent. With humans, they can cause irritation to eyes, nose, and skin, and more dangerously, the lungs and airways, if inhaled. The symptoms range from species to species, from person to person, from a

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to find the lair of a tarantula. The wasp must deliver a sting to the underside of the spider's cephalothorax, exploiting the thin membrane between the basal leg segments. This paralyzes the spider, and the wasp then drags it back into its burrow before depositing an egg on the prey's abdomen. The

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toward the pursuing predator. The next response may be to leave the scene entirely, but especially if no line of retreat is available, their final response may also be to whirl suddenly and bite. Some tarantulas are well known to give "dry bites", i.e., they may defensively bite some animal that

1716:, that they sometimes use as protection against enemies. These bristles are present on most New World species, but not on any specimens from the Old World. Urticating hairs are usually kicked off the abdomen by the tarantula, but some may simply rub the abdomen against the target, like the genus 1564:

The eyes are located above the chelicerae on the forward part of the prosoma. They are small and usually set in two rows of four. Most tarantulas are not able to see much more than light, darkness, and motion. Arboreal tarantulas generally have better vision compared with terrestrial tarantulas.

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and guard it for six to eight weeks. During this time, the females stay very close to the egg sacs and become more aggressive. Within most species, the females turn the egg sac often, which is called brooding. This keeps the eggs from deforming due to sitting in one position too long. The young

1817:. Tarantulas often hold this position for longer than the duration of the original threat. Their next step, without biting, may be to slap down on the intruder with their raised front legs. If that response fails to deter the attacker, the tarantulas of the Americas may next turn away and flick 1833:

on their abdomens, and almost always throw these barbed bristles as the first line of defense. These bristles irritate sensitive areas of the body and especially seem to target curious animals that may sniff these bristles into the mucous membranes of the nose. Some species have more effective

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is not deadly to humans, some bites cause serious discomfort that might persist for several days. In general, the effects of the bites of all kinds of tarantula are not well known. While the bites of many species are known to be no worse than a wasp sting, accounts of bites by some species are

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A tarantula has four pairs of legs and two additional pairs of appendages. Each leg has seven segments, which from the prosoma out are: coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, tarsus and pretarsus, and claw. Two or three retractable claws at the end of each leg are used to grip surfaces for

1616:. The heart is neurogenic as opposed to myogenic, so nerve cells instead of muscle cells initiate and coordinate the heart. It pumps hemolymph to all parts of the body through open passages often referred to as sinuses, and not through a circular system of blood vessels. If the 492: in) with leg spans of 8–30 cm (3–12 in). Leg span is determined by measuring from the tip of the back leg to the tip of the front leg on the opposite side. Some of the largest species of tarantula may weigh over 85 g (3 oz); the largest of all, the 1812:

Before biting, a tarantula may signal its intention to attack by rearing up into a "threat posture", which may involve raising its prosoma and lifting its front legs into the air, spreading and extending its fangs, and (in certain species) making a loud hissing by

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wasp then seals the spider in its burrow and flies off to search for more hosts. The wasp egg hatches into a larva and feeds on the spider's inessential parts, and as it approaches pupation, it consumes the remainder. Other arthropods, such as large scorpions and

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Tarantulas are also preyed upon by a wide variety of vertebrates. Many of these, including lizards, frogs, birds, snakes and mammals, are generalist predators of all kinds of large arthropods. Mammals that have been known to prey on tarantulas, such as the

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The pedipalpi are two six-segmented appendages connected to the prosoma near the mouth and protruding on either side of both chelicerae. In most species of tarantulas, the pedipalpi contain sharp, jagged plates used to cut and crush food often called the

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Humans also consume tarantulas for food in their native ranges. They are considered a delicacy in certain cultures (e.g. Venezuela and Cambodia). They can be roasted over an open fire to remove the bristles (described further below) and then eaten.

2098:. Once a male spider reaches maturity and becomes motivated to mate, he weaves a web mat on a flat surface. The spider then rubs his abdomen on the surface of this mat, and in so doing, releases a quantity of semen. He may then insert his 2111:. After the semen has been transferred to the receptive female's body, the male swiftly leaves the scene before the female recovers her appetite. Although females may show some aggression after mating, the male rarely becomes a meal. 1893:, as it is sometimes found hiding in clusters of bananas and is one of several spiders called "banana spiders". It is not technically a tarantula, but it is fairly large (4- to 5-inch legspan), somewhat ″hairy″, and is highly 796:

are not particularly large or hairy, and so among English speakers in particular, usage eventually shifted in favour of the Theraphosidae, even though they are not closely related to wolf spiders at all, being in a different

508:, has been reported to attain a weight of 170 g (6 oz) and a leg-span up to 30 cm (12 in), males being longer and females greater in girth. The fang size of this tarantula reaches a maximum of 4 cm ( 2022:. Most tarantula fanciers regard females as more desirable as pets due to their much longer lifespans. Wild-caught tarantulas are often mature males because they wander out in the open and are more likely to be caught. 1412:

as a pocket knife blade folds back into its handle. The chelicerae of a tarantula completely contain the venom glands and the muscles that surround them, and can cause the venom to be forcefully injected into prey.

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Ferretti, Nelson; Pérez-Miles, Fernando; González, Alda (13 May 2014). "Historical relationships among Argentinean biogeographic provinces based on mygalomorph spider distribution data (Araneae: Mygalomorphae)".

1529:(blood stream), where it is distributed throughout the body. After feeding, the leftovers are formed into a small ball by the tarantula and thrown away. In a terrarium, they often put them into the same corner. 2054:

takes on a darker shade. If a tarantula previously used its urticating hairs, the bald patch turns from a peach color to deep blue. The tarantula also stops feeding and becomes more lethargic during this time.

1425:. As with other spiders, the terminal portions of the pedipalpi of males function as part of their reproductive system. Male spiders spin a silken platform (sperm web) on the ground onto which they release 1628:

Despite their large size and fearsome appearance and reputation, tarantulas themselves are prey for many other animals. The most specialized of these predators are large members of the wasp family

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species, researchers have described more than 20 bites with the delayed onset of severe and diffuse muscle cramps, lasting for several days, that in most cases resolved completely with the use of

1879:. This claim is often made without identifying a particular spider, although the "banana tarantula" is sometimes named. A likely candidate for the true identity of this spider is the dangerous 1473:, which includes the majority of extant spider species, and most of which have six, tarantula species have two or four spinnerets. Spinnerets are flexible, tube-like structures from which the 2046:. A young tarantula may do this several times a year as a part of the maturation process, while full-grown specimens only molt once a year or less, or sooner, to replace lost limbs or lost 1961:. Mature male tarantulas also may have tibial hooks on their front legs, which are used to restrain the female's fangs during copulation. Males typically have longer legs than the females. 1404:

glands that vent through the fangs. The fangs are hollow extensions of the chelicerae that inject venom into prey or animals that the tarantula bites in defense, and they are also used to

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New-world tarantulas—those indigenous to the Americas—have bites that generally pose little threat to humans (other than causing localized pain). Most of them are equipped with

1115:" ('Cardiopelma refers to the female genitalia that evoke the shape of a heart'), with no reference to either 'footsole' or 'scopula'. Names interpreted in this way include: 5182: 1955:. Males tend to be smaller (especially their abdomens, which can appear quite narrow) and may be dull in color when compared to their female counterparts, as in the species 2695:

and have been seen to use them in bombardment behavior are placed in the "bombardier clade", although not all species in the included subfamilies possess such hairs (all

5677:"New and already described fossil spiders (Araneae) of 20 families in mid and late Cretaceous Burmese amber with notes on spider phylogeny, evolution and classification" 1939:. Some Australians use the slang term "triantelope" (a corruption of the incorrect term tarantula, which is also used) for large, ″hairy″, and harmless members of the 707: 2010:, which is unlikely in natural habitats because they are vulnerable to predation, but has happened in captivity, though rarely. Most males do not live through this 7117: 1708:, to defend themselves against predators. Besides the normal bristles covering the body, some tarantulas also have a dense covering of irritating bristles called 7143: 2059:

maturity, males rarely do again once they reach adulthood. Those that do often can become stuck during the molting process due to their sexual organs and die.

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Thorell, T. (1869), "On European spiders. Part I. Review of the European genera of spiders, preceded by some observations on zoological nomenclature",

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Pomeroy, R. (2014, February 4). Pub. Real Clear Science, "Spiders, and Their Amazing Hydraulic Legs and Genitalia". Retrieved October 13, 2019, from

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Tarantulas, like almost all other spiders, have their primary spinnerets at the end of the opisthosoma. Unlike most spider species in the infraorder

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state. If the female is receptive, then the male approaches her and inserts his pedipalps into an opening in the lower surface of her abdomen, the

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Mygalomorph spiders are well-suited models for biogeographical analysis... They are long-lived and univoltine, and show high local endemicity.

1741:, which makes a hissing sound. These bristles are usually found on the chelicerae. Stridulation seems to be more common in Old World species. 5272: 4749: 475:. This waist-like connecting piece is actually part of the prosoma and gives the opisthosoma a wide range of motion relative to the prosoma. 1577:(breathing organs); the first pair is located in a cavity inside the lower front part of the abdomen near where the abdomen connects to the 415:. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder ( 2006:. Males have much shorter lifespans than females because they die relatively soon after maturing. Few live long enough for a postultimate 1801:

rather than to the venom. Such allergic effects can be life-threatening. Additionally, the large fangs of a tarantula can inflict painful

1601:), but not enclosed in blood cells such as the erythrocytes of mammals. A tarantula's blood is not true blood, but rather a liquid called 2068:

spiders, which eat once or twice a week, have lived up to 20 years in captivity. Some have survived on water alone for up to two years.

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spiderlings remain in the nest for some time after hatching, where they live off the remains of their yolk sacs before dispersing.

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After reaching sexual maturity, a female tarantula normally mates and lays eggs once per year, although they do not always do so.

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is breached, loss of hemolymph will kill the spider unless the wound is small enough that the hemolymph can dry and close it.

1408:. These fangs are articulated so that they can extend downward and outward in preparation to bite or can fold back toward the 1400:

are two double-segmented appendages located just below the eyes and directly forward of the mouth. The chelicerae contain the

419:) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas". Some of the more common species have become popular in the 5566: 5406: 5161: 4676: 538:(the pinkfoot goliath) was described 187 years after the goliath birdeater, so its characteristics are not as well attested. 77: 7135: 5369: 5278: 1089: 1051: 693:

One of the most decisive ways to tell is by looking at their fangs. Tarantula fangs face downwards, as opposed to those of

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Other genus names or synonyms that Estrada-Alvarez and Cameron regard as having 'footsole' or 'scopula' meanings include:

686:. Another is the size, as tarantulas tend to be bigger, but this is again not a failproof way. They also do not use their 376: 6023: 1902: 256: 120: 2711:

was an ancestral trait of the clade, and has been lost in some species, or whether it represents multiple gains. Foley

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because of their large size, when, in fact, they are not related. Instead, huntsman spiders belong to the infraorder

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A tarantula's blood is unique (not only in appearance); an oxygen-transporting protein is present (the copper-based

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surrounding the genital opening. Silk for the sperm web of the tarantula is exuded from these special spinnerets.

7148: 7083: 5328:"Mating behavior of Sickius longibulbi (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Ischnocolinae), a spider that lacks spermathecae" 781:

was subsequently applied to almost any large, unfamiliar species of ground-dwelling spider, in particular to the

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reported to be very painful and to produce intense spasms that may recur over a period of several days; the

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burning itch to a minor rash. In some cases, tarantula bristles have caused permanent damage to human eyes.

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wall and facilitate climbing up and down. Tarantulas mainly eat large insects and other arthropods such as

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of tarantulas hunt prey primarily in trees; others hunt on or near the ground. All tarantulas can produce

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Tarantulas are becoming increasingly popular as pets and some species are readily available in captivity.

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Some dangerous spider species are related to tarantulas and are frequently confused with them. A popular

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Jovan, Dennis, Kj, & Kenneth. (2019, May 1). Theraphosa blondi. Retrieved October 13, 2019, from

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Punzo, Fred (1999). "Aspects of the natural history and behavioural ecology of the tarantula spider

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https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2013/02/spiders-their-amazing-hydraulic-legs-and-genitals.html

2362: 2264: 1545:(bristles or spines, sometimes referred to as hairs). Although a tarantula has eight eyes like most 30:

This article is about the spider family, Theraphosidae. For the European tarantula wolf spider, see

6630: 2824: 2733: 2703: 2599: 2239: 1806: 1634: 1190:) 'clear, obvious, visible, conspicuous, plain'; overall meaning 'theraphosid without plumose hair' 4914: 701:, as opposed to true spiders which only have one. Their lifespan is also longer than most spiders. 6955: 6695: 6539: 6031: 5657: 5489: 5350: 4343: 3993: 2834: 1996: 1957: 1860:

and are more likely to attack when disturbed. They often have more potent, medically significant

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from feeding on the spiderlings). Urticating hairs do not grow back, but are replaced with each

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Depending on the species, the body length of tarantulas ranges from about 5 to 11 cm (2 to

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Cooke, J.A.L.; Roth, V.D.; Miller, F.H. (1972). "The urticating hairs of theraphosid spiders".

5070: 4397: 1156:) 'heart'; overall meaning 'heart theraphosid' (referring to the heart-shaped female genitalia) 384: 7166: 7026: 6753: 6547: 6432: 6253: 5649: 5515: 5402: 5268: 5157: 5076: 5049: 4826: 4745: 4157: 3861: 3611: 3601: 2955: 2878: 2307: 2064: 1952: 1839: 1440: 653: 540: 493: 243: 7207: 7122: 1521:

The tarantula's digestive organ (stomach) is a tube that runs the length of its body. In the

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tarantulas are brown. Elsewhere, species have been found that variously display cobalt blue (

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Sherwood, Gabriel, Peñaherrera-R., Léon-E., Cisneros-Heredia, Brescovit & Lucas, 2023

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Cardiopelma fait réference aux genitalia de la femelle qui évoquent la forme d'un Coeur

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in such names to refer to the scopula, so producing the meaning 'with a wide scopula'.

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that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes.

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The relationship between the subfamilies found in the study is shown in the following

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As with other spiders, the mechanics of intercourse are quite different from those of

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Watch Tarantula (Theraphosidae) video clips from the BBC archive on Wildlife Finder

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Blaikie, Andrew J; John Ellis; Roshini Sanders; Caroline J. MacEwen (24 May 1997).

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A tarantula's central nervous system (brain) is located in the bottom of the inner

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literally means 'wide footsole'; however, arachnologists have conventionally taken

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appears to have become synonymous with 'theraphosid'. For example, the author of

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family. There are multiple ways to identify a tarantula. First the hairs: in the

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Overview of Species Information for All Named Theraphosidae Divided by Subfamily

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A tarantula next to a U.S. size 11 shoe, to show scale, taken near Austin, Texas

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family, which are often found on interior household walls and in automobiles.

1757: 1718: 1629: 1598: 1515: 1507: 1409: 1397: 1347:. The biggest tarantulas sometimes kill and consume small vertebrates such as 1336: 1210: 1166: 1160: 831: 798: 687: 682:

genus, lack these. The hairs are usually more noticeable than with most other

614: 420: 212: 177: 42: 6940: 5080: 1541:. A tarantula perceives its surroundings primarily via sensory organs called 17: 7052: 6812: 6766: 6730: 6485: 6343: 6300: 6294: 6267: 6089: 5913: 5029: 4557: 4535: 4503: 4025: 3960: 3927: 3905: 3894: 3676: 3654: 3568: 3546: 3535: 3425: 3326: 3053: 2987: 2889: 2272: 2201: 1928: 1924: 1865: 1853: 1790: 1686: 1674: 1649: 1612:

The tarantula's heart is a long, slender tube located along the top of the

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Lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch lateinisches Wörterbuch 3. Aufl, Volume 2

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is also incorrectly applied to other large-bodied spiders, including the

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spiders known to him, rather than "Mygalidae" (as used, for example, by

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Females deposit 50 to 2,000 eggs, depending on the species, in a silken

6703: 6503: 6112: 5805: 5746: 5484: 5136: 4321: 2965: 2867: 2043: 1670: 1522: 1393: 1203: 774: 602: 460: 408: 222: 197: 7018: 5632:

data sheds light on the prickly issue of urticating setae evolution".

2715:

suggested that the second hypothesis appeared to be better supported.

1593:

Thermal image of an ectothermic tarantula on an endothermic human hand

769:

native to Mediterranean Europe. The name is derived from the southern

7109: 5907: 5894: 5782: 5291: 5247: 5150:

Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals

4937:

Fabre, Jean-Henri; Translated by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos (1916)

4765: 3916: 2200:

study recognized 12 subfamilies, one (Ischnocolinae) known not to be

2184:). Thorell later split the family into a number of genera, including 2176:

used the family name "Theraphosoidae" (modern Theraphosidae) for the

2148: 2143: 2115: 2095: 1979: 1932: 1916: 1898: 1847: 1644: 1546: 1499: 1474: 1348: 1332: 1320: 1316: 1292: 1284: 1272: 1252: 1240: 1215: 1179: 1145: 1125: 1082: 1044: 1024: 1004: 966: 954: 683: 618: 595:), metallic blue legs with vibrant orange abdomen and green prosoma ( 505: 412: 397: 318: 278: 7096: 6911: 5102: 4714: 7057: 1797:

is injected, some individuals may suffer severe symptoms due to an

1311:; while arboreal species typically reside in a silken "tube tent", 7192: 5799: 3271: 2169: 2075: 2029: 1963: 1920: 1894: 1861: 1850:, so eye protection should be worn when handling such tarantulas. 1823: 1794: 1770: 1765: 1748: 1705: 1695: 1662: 1588: 1555: 1493: 1485: 1452: 1439: 1426: 1401: 1374: 1364: 1352: 1304: 1288: 1276: 1264: 803: 770: 741: 690:

for hunting, instead using them as building material or tripwire.

610: 564: 524: 5773: 2014:, as they tend to get their emboli, mature male sexual organs on 1822:

intrudes on their space and threatens them, but they do not pump

1875:

maintains that deadly varieties of tarantula exist somewhere in

1727: 1542: 1360: 1256: 428: 6915: 5980: 5938: 5866: 5787: 942:. Hence in English arachnological terminology, Koch meant 'the 467:(or abdomen). The prosoma and opisthosoma are connected by the 4915:"Tarantula vs Other Spiders – 7 Key Differences – Fauna Facts" 4799: 1723: 1356: 49: 1978:

A juvenile male's sex can be determined by looking at a cast

1388:

The eight legs, the two chelicerae with their fangs, and the

1055:) 'of moderate size'; overall meaning 'medium length scopula' 7044: 1170:'club'; overall meaning 'theraphosid with club-shaped hairs' 814:

Tarantula native to the Mojave Desert searches for a burrow.

4380:

Songsangchote, Sippawat, Khaikaew & Chomphuphuang, 2022

2050:. It is visibly apparent that molting is imminent when the 1642:". The largest tarantula hawks, such as those in the genus 660:. They can also be confused with some members of the order 644:

Tarantulas can be confused with other members of the order

5075:(in German and Latin). Erlangen: J.J. Palm. p. 2402. 1864:, and are faster and much more nervous and defensive than 1343:

fangs, tarantulas are well-adapted to killing other large

1136:) 'soundless'; overall meaning 'theraphosid without sound' 977:) means 'the sole of the foot', paralleling Koch's use of 5512:

Spiders: Biology, Ecology, Natural History, and Behaviour

1689:, are often immune to the venom of their arthropod prey. 1457:

A Brazilian tarantula in defensively threatening position

5822: 3725:

Mendoza, Locht, Kaderka, Medina & Pérez-Miles, 2016

1097:

Later, particularly following genus names published by

878:

Many theraphosid genera have names, either accepted or

544:

is generally thought to be the heaviest tarantula, and

5858: 4990:

Estrada-Alvarez, Julio C. & Cameron, H.D. (2012).

1648:, track, attack, and kill large tarantulas. They use 930:(the last article of a spider's leg). Translations of 5626: 5624: 5622: 5103:"Some new and old genera of S.-American Avicularidae" 4519:

Kaderka, Lüddecke, Řezáč, Řezáčová & Hüsser, 2023

4402:

Galleti-Lima, Hamilton, Borges & Guadanucci, 2023

3998:

Galleti-Lima, Hamilton, Borges & Guadanucci, 2023

3648:

Galleti-Lima, Hamilton, Borges & Guadanucci, 2023

2718:

Other subfamilies that have been recognized include:

2138:

separated mygalomorph spiders into a separate genus,

1927:

in the 1980s) was responsible for numerous deaths in

842:. These spiders are related to tarantulas (all being 5833:

NMSU Entomology Plant Pathology & Weed Science.

5397:

Schultz, Stanley A.; Schultz, Marguerite J. (1998).

2883:

Kaderka, Ferretti, West, Lüddecke & Hüsser, 2021

2275:. The dual placing of Ischnocolinae is highlighted. 6924: 6379: 6166: 6157: 5994: 5854:

Theraphosidae Belgium, everything about bird eaters

5609:

Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis

5590:

Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis

2707:genera). It is not clear whether the possession of 1235:Tarantulas of various species occur throughout the 459:, a tarantula's body comprises two main parts, the 80:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5048:(in German). Stuttgart: Georg Thieme. p. 17. 5023:(in German). Nürnberg: J.L. Lotzbeck. p. 73. 4875: 4873: 4858:https://www.theraphosidae.be/en/theraphosa-blondi/ 4131:– Trinidad, South America, Central America, Mexico 2038:Like other spiders, tarantulas have to shed their 1935:are members of the same infraorder as tarantulas, 1015:) 'thorn, spine'; overall meaning 'spiny footsole' 5175:"Wild or Giant Centipedes versus Other Predators" 4667:, which is dated to the mid and late Cretaceous. 4393:– South America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3419:Guadanucci, Lucas, Indicatti & Yamamoto, 2007 2725:– may be treated as synonymous with Ischnocolinae 1704:Tarantulas have evolved specialized bristles, or 5292:Tarantula shoots sharp bristles into owner's eye 1901:that have been confused with tarantulas are the 6084:(funnel-webs or venomous funnel-web tarantulas) 4659:. One species assigned to the Theraphosidae is 5541:Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 5539:(Girard, 1854) (Orthognatha, Theraphosidae)". 5377:Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 550:has the greatest leg span. Two other species, 5878: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4744:. Hauppauge, New York: Barron's. p. 28. 2042:periodically as they grow, a process called 562:, rival the size of the two goliath spiders. 8: 6475:(wandering spiders or tropical wolf spiders) 5818:Listing of all currently named Theraphosidae 5456:Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 4740:Shultz, Stanley; Shultz, Marguerite (2009). 2929:– South America, Trinidad and Tobago, Panama 1764:All tarantulas are venomous. Although their 1226:) 'cave'; overall meaning 'cave theraphosid' 1110: 978: 931: 921: 895: 5607:Thorell, T. (1870), "On European spiders", 5401:. Barron's Educational Series. p. 75. 4788: 4786: 4766:"Currently valid spider genera and species" 4488:– Caribbean, South America, Central America 1506:The tarantula's mouth is located under its 1251:. Other species occur variously throughout 1093:) 'silky'; overall meaning 'silken scopula' 1073:) 'split'; overall meaning 'split footsole' 937: 901: 6912: 6385: 6170: 6163: 6000: 5991: 5977: 5935: 5885: 5871: 5863: 5392: 5390: 5326:; Fukushima, C.S.; Júnior, P.I.S. (2008). 5313:at The Australian Wonder Book of Knowledge 3879:– Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela 3113:Ferretti, Chaparro, Ochoa & West, 2023 1951:Some tarantula species exhibit pronounced 1035:) 'short'; overall meaning 'short scopula' 911:the velvet-brush of the footsole very wide 396:comprise a group of large and often hairy 383: 233: 153: 6034:(atypical tarantulas or purseweb spiders) 5800:Word of the Day: Tarantula and Tarantella 5714:S. B. Reichling & R. C. West (1996). 5483: 5028: 4820: 3606:Gabriel, Sherwood & Pérez-Miles, 2023 2960:Gabriel, Sherwood & Pérez-Miles, 2023 1905:. The best known species of these is the 1842:is known for its particularly irritating 1700:Fried tarantula in a Cambodian restaurant 1573:All types of tarantulas have two sets of 897:Die Sammetbürste der Fussohlen sehr breit 890:in 1850, who in describing his new genus 140:Learn how and when to remove this message 6902:are families with more than 1000 species 5675:Wunderlich, J.; Müller, Patrick (2020). 2102:(short, leg-like appendages between the 1657:, are also known to prey on tarantulas. 1605:(or haemolymph). At least four types of 5823:American Tarantula Society Headquarters 5264:Sklípkani: krasavci s chlupatýma nohama 5020:Übersicht des Arachnidensystems, Heft 5 4933: 4931: 4703: 3812:Miglio, Bonaldo & Pérez-Miles, 2013 3626:Fukushima, Nagahama & Bertani, 2008 3616:Perafán, Galvis & Pérez-Miles, 2016 3025:Pérez-Miles, Bonaldo & Miglio, 2014 1779:also causes strong hallucinations. For 1063:– from the Greek origin combining form 755:The spider originally bearing the name 703: 5281:from the original on 31 December 2013. 5107:Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4709: 4707: 2130:placed all spiders in a single genus, 1206:; overall meaning 'desert theraphosid' 946:of the base of the tarsus very wide'. 5634:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 5569:from the original on 13 February 2017 4962:from the original on 4 September 2015 4715:"Family: Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869" 4508:Gargiulo, Brescovit & Lucas, 2018 3058:Yamamoto, Lucas & Brescovit, 2012 2062:Females can live for 30 to 40 years. 1897:to humans. Another dangerous type of 556:(the Brazilian salmon birdeater) and 7: 7198:A521879F-FFD8-FFA4-B99F-624AFBEDFC84 7159:5653106e-abf3-40fe-b3e5-3b2b9af0ce42 7084:84a219d3-b640-4b64-aee0-d308a7a54cff 5434:from the original on 11 January 2017 5219:from the original on 6 December 2011 4909: 4907: 4892:from the original on 4 December 2014 3234:– South America, Trinidad and Tobago 2918:– South Africa, Mozambique, Eswatini 569:Tarantula at the mouth of its burrow 78:adding citations to reliable sources 5835:"The Spiders of the Arid Southwest" 5267:. Nakl. Kabourek Zlín. p. 40. 3213:– South America, Mexico, Costa Rica 2894:Bertani, Huff & Fukushima, 2017 2577: 2555: 2548: 2516: 2461: 2415: 2408: 2401: 2355: 2348: 2293: 2286: 2278: 1923:, and (prior to the development of 6333:(violin spiders, assassin spiders) 5135:(Keeping Tarantulas); Madagaskar, 601:). Their natural habitats include 407:. As of December 2023, 1,100 25: 5185:from the original on 4 March 2016 4360:– El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama 4317:– Central America, Brazil, Mexico 2156:had already been used in 1800 by 1968:Male California ebony tarantula ( 1609:, or hemolymph cells, are known. 455:for muscular support. Like other 7249:Extant Miocene first appearances 6572:(sheet weavers or money spiders) 4880:Lewis, Tanya (17 October 2014). 4635:Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1960 4529:Lucas, Silva & Bertani, 1993 3639:– Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore 3169:– Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia 2907:– North America, Central America 2818:Pérez-Miles & Weinmann, 2010 1202:means 'desert', relating to the 724: 706: 255: 54: 7221:urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0010 6026:(Australian funnel-web spiders) 5210:BBC Food Blog, with video from 5069:Schmerler, Johann Adam (1794). 4455:- Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala 3956:– Papua New Guinea, Philippines 3877:Guadanucci & Weinmann, 2015 3749:– Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador 3136:– Cuba, Central America, Mexico 3016:– Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala 2753:accepted the following genera: 1510:on the lower front part of its 1444:Claws at the end of the leg of 411:have been identified, with 166 65:needs additional citations for 4996:Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 4677:Cultural depictions of spiders 4087:– India, Micronesia, Sri Lanka 3597:– Africa, Asia, Brazil, Europe 2749:As of December 2023, the 2740:being treated as Theraphosinae 2080:The molted skin of a juvenile 1805:, which can lead to secondary 1560:Close-up of a tarantula's eyes 1: 6533:(flat-bellied ground spiders) 6010:(mouse spiders and relatives) 4772:, Natural History Museum Bern 4721:. Natural History Museum Bern 4562:Fukushima & Bertani, 2017 4542:– Panama, Venezuela, Colombia 4284:– Côte d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone 4249:F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 3463:Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996 3047:Fukushima & Bertani, 2017 2839:Cifuentes & Bertani, 2022 2829:Perafán & Cifuentes, 2015 2774:F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 2691:All the species that possess 1903:Australian funnel-web spiders 1745:Bites and urticating bristles 886:. This can be traced back to 598:Chromatopelma cyaneopubescens 583:), black with white stripes ( 529:Opening to a tarantula burrow 6396:(araneomorph funnel weavers) 5476:10.1080/01650521.2014.903616 5399:The Tarantula Keeper's Guide 5179:howtogetridofhousecentipedes 4742:The Tarantula Keeper's Guide 4348:Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020 4228:Longhorn & Gabriel, 2019 3822:Sherwood & Gabriel, 2022 3716:– Indonesia, India, Malaysia 3670:Schmidt & Bischoff, 1997 3222:Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020 3027:– Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador 2970:Gabriel & Sherwood, 2019 2872:Sherwood & Gabriel, 2022 1216: 1180: 1146: 1126: 1083: 1045: 1025: 1005: 967: 955: 6050:(cork-lid trapdoor spiders) 5646:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106573 4551:Bertani & Almeida, 2021 4140:West, Nunn & Hogg, 2012 3910:Schmidt & Kovařík, 1996 3888:Pribik & Weinmann, 2004 3661:– South America, Costa Rica 2798:– Belize, Mexico, Guatemala 2160:for a genus of mammals (in 2136:Charles Athanase Walckenaer 1974:) wandering near Exeter, CA 1919:that is aggressive, highly 1319:with silk to stabilize the 983:(in modern spelling). Thus 676:, though some, such as the 463:(or cephalothorax) and the 372: 7265: 6346:(long-legged cave spiders) 6042:(brushed trapdoor spiders) 6018:(folding trapdoor spiders) 5335:The Journal of Arachnology 5044:Foelix, Rainer F. (1992). 4326:Soares & Camargo, 1948 3542:– Caribbean, South America 3443:– Bolivia, Peru, Argentina 3276:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892 3189:Reichling & West, 1996 2863:– Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda 2787:– South America, Guatemala 2736:– typically not accepted, 2172:"). Accordingly, in 1869, 1881:Brazilian wandering spider 1638:. These wasps are called " 1221: 1185: 1151: 1131: 1088: 1068: 1050: 1030: 1010: 972: 960: 846:) but fall into different 792:. Compared to tarantulas, 427:species kept as pets have 40: 36:Tarantula (disambiguation) 29: 6890: 6388: 6364:Trogloraptor marchingtoni 6173: 6003: 5990: 5976: 5948: 5934: 5902: 5760:10.11646/zootaxa.1004.1.2 5240:American Museum Novitates 5206:"Tarantula kebab anyone?" 5119:10.1080/03745480109443359 4813:10.1136/bmj.314.7093.1524 4661:Protertheraphosa spinipes 4655:spiders date back to the 4153:– South America, Trinidad 4043:– Cuba, Argentina, Brazil 3866:Siliwal & Raven, 2012 3278:– Central America, Mexico 2630: 2597: 2582: 2575: 2560: 2553: 2546: 2521: 2514: 2481: 2466: 2459: 2435: 2420: 2413: 2406: 2399: 2375: 2360: 2353: 2346: 2322: 2298: 2291: 2284: 1994:, except for the species 1846:. They can penetrate the 1809:if not properly treated. 1773:of the African tarantula 965:), meaning 'wide', while 882:, containing the element 592:Eupalaestrus campestratus 382: 371: 364: 252:Scientific classification 250: 241: 232: 156: 6840:(cribellate orb weavers) 6774:(long jawed orb-weavers) 6426:(anyphaenid sac spiders) 6222:(crevice weaver spiders) 6058:(wafer trapdoor spiders) 5811:25 February 2021 at the 5802:, etymology and folklore 5793:28 February 2014 at the 5684:Beiträge zur Araneologie 5261:Klátil, Lubomír (1998). 4120:- Colombia and Venezuela 4021:– Asia, Papua New Guinea 3520:– Cameroon, Gabon, Congo 2544:"bombardier clade" 1907:Sydney funnel-web spider 1490:Tarantula food leftovers 1275:, some species occur in 936:into Latin use the word 589:), yellow leg markings ( 41:Not to be confused with 6641:(red and black spiders) 6581:(liocranid sac spiders) 6325:(tube-dwelling spiders) 6261:(midget ground weavers) 6123:(funnel-web tarantulas) 6115:(tree trapdoor spiders) 6066:(funnel-web tarantulas) 5424:"Rose-haired Tarantula" 5030:10.5962/bhl.title.39561 4941:, Dodd, Mead, New York. 4217:Mirza & Sanap, 2014 3989:– South America, Panama 3487:– South Africa, Morocco 3476:– South Africa, Namibia 3432:– South America, Panama 2083:Phormictopus cancerides 1737:Some setae are used to 6670:(running crab spiders) 6563:(white-tailed spiders) 6405:(tangled nest spiders) 6230:(large-clawed spiders) 6206:(false violin spiders) 5723:Journal of Arachnology 5514:. Brill. p. 182. 5368:Gallon, R. C. (2003). 4939:The Life of the spider 3093:– Asia, Greece, Africa 2088: 2035: 2003:Encyocratella olivacea 1975: 1761: 1701: 1594: 1561: 1503: 1491: 1458: 1450: 1385: 1165: 1111: 979: 938: 932: 922: 896: 858:have also been termed 815: 747: 719:jumping spider's fangs 570: 530: 447:, the tarantula is an 34:. For other uses, see 7180:Paleobiology Database 6698:(nursery web spiders) 6633:(cave cobweb spiders) 6625:(spurred orb-weavers) 6542:(dwarf sheet spiders) 6498:(net-casting spiders) 6289:(palp-footed spiders) 6131:(bald-legged spiders) 5101:Pocock, R.I. (1901). 4240:– Venezuela, Colombia 4142:– Malaysia, Indonesia 3912:– St. Kitts and Nevis 3399:– Colombia, Venezuela 2701:lack them as do most 2079: 2033: 1971:Aphonopelma eutylenum 1967: 1752: 1699: 1592: 1559: 1498:Eye ports seen in an 1497: 1489: 1456: 1443: 1429:from glands in their 1382:Poecilotheria regalis 1378: 1101:in 1901, the element 807: 745: 672:most tarantulas have 568: 528: 7079:Fauna Europaea (new) 6783:(tangle-web spiders) 6550:(tree trunk spiders) 6506:(intertidal spiders) 6435:(orb-weaver spiders) 5510:Punzo, Fred (2007). 5309:12 July 2009 at the 5294:NBC News/LiveScience 5046:Biologie der Spinnen 4770:World Spider Catalog 4719:World Spider Catalog 4339:– Costa Rica, Panama 4262:– Dominican Republic 2896:– Dominican Republic 2751:World Spider Catalog 2142:, leaving all other 1856:tarantulas have no 1807:bacterial infections 1447:Lasiodora parahybana 1392:are attached to the 950:is derived from the 734:Lasiodora parahybana 586:Aphonopelma seemanni 580:Cyriopagopus lividus 553:Lasiodora parahybana 535:Theraphosa apophysis 74:improve this article 6756:(dwarf orb-weavers) 6243:(lampshade spiders) 6214:(woodlouse hunters) 5963:(segmented spiders) 5955:(segmented spiders) 5788:Tarantulas US Forum 5468:2014SNFE...49....1F 5347:10.1636/CSt07-100.1 5131:Kovařík, F (2001), 5017:Koch, C.L. (1850). 4863:18 May 2021 at the 4553:– Brazil, Venezuela 4531:– Brazil, Argentina 3945:– Myanmar, Thailand 3855:Petrunkevitch, 1925 3803:– Yemen, Madagascar 3760:– Panama, Venezuela 3531:– Africa, Argentina 3421:– Brazil, Venezuela 3256:- Guyana and Brazil 2531:Trichopelma laselva 2034:The molting process 1984:epiandrous fusillae 1858:urticating bristles 1844:urticating bristles 1836:urticating bristles 1635:Hemipepsis ustulata 1478:to a solid thread. 1315:species line their 830:, the funnel-webs ( 828:atypical tarantulas 785:and especially the 6790:Theridiosomatidae 6754:Symphytognathidae 6742:(huntsman spiders) 6649:(disc web spiders) 6467:(dark sac spiders) 6317:(spitting spiders) 6102:(dwarf tarantulas) 5828:Amazing Tarantulas 5774:TarantulaForum.com 5640:(106573): 106573. 5537:Aphonopelma hentzi 4414:— Colombia, Mexico 4344:Spinosatibiapalpus 4109:– Brazil, Colombia 4107:Mello-Leitão, 1923 4098:– Sri Lanka, India 4065:– Chile, Argentina 3923:– Brazil, Paraguay 3344:– Chile, Argentina 3333:– Suriname, Brazil 3287:Mello-Leitão, 1923 2089: 2036: 1997:Sickius longibulbi 1990:. Females possess 1976: 1958:Haplopelma lividum 1776:Pelinobius muticus 1762: 1760:of an adult female 1702: 1595: 1585:Circulatory system 1569:Respiratory system 1562: 1504: 1492: 1466:entering the leg. 1459: 1451: 1386: 1339:tipped with long, 816: 810:Aphonopelma mojave 748: 716:Phidippus johnsoni 654:funnel-web spiders 571: 531: 451:that relies on an 163:Cretaceous–present 7231: 7230: 7167:Open Tree of Life 6918:Taxon identifiers 6909: 6908: 6886: 6885: 6882: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6860: 6841: 6802: 6793: 6784: 6775: 6757: 6743: 6734: 6720: 6719:(jumping spiders) 6707: 6699: 6671: 6658: 6650: 6642: 6634: 6626: 6613: 6600: 6591: 6582: 6573: 6564: 6551: 6543: 6534: 6520: 6507: 6499: 6476: 6468: 6460: 6436: 6427: 6414: 6413:(termite hunters) 6406: 6397: 6375: 6374: 6367: 6360:Trogloraptoridae 6355: 6354:(armored spiders) 6347: 6334: 6326: 6318: 6304: 6290: 6271: 6262: 6254:Mecysmaucheniidae 6244: 6231: 6223: 6215: 6207: 6199: 6198:(coneweb spiders) 6181: 6180:(pelican spiders) 6153: 6152: 6145: 6144:(true tarantulas) 6132: 6124: 6116: 6103: 6100:Mecicobothriidae 6085: 6067: 6059: 6051: 6043: 6035: 6027: 6019: 6011: 5972: 5971: 5964: 5956: 5559:"Tarantula Facts" 5274:978-80-901466-5-5 4751:978-0-7641-3885-0 4636: 4622: 4608: 4592: 4578: 4577:Pérez-Miles, 2008 4563: 4552: 4541: 4530: 4520: 4510:– Bolivia, Brazil 4509: 4498: 4487: 4476: 4465: 4446: 4435: 4424: 4413: 4403: 4392: 4381: 4370: 4359: 4349: 4338: 4327: 4316: 4305: 4294: 4283: 4272: 4261: 4250: 4239: 4229: 4218: 4208:– Ecuador or Peru 4207: 4196: 4185: 4174: 4163: 4158:Pseudoschizopelma 4152: 4141: 4130: 4119: 4108: 4097: 4086: 4075: 4064: 4053: 4042: 4031: 4020: 4010:– Kenya, Tanzania 4009: 3999: 3988: 3977: 3966: 3955: 3944: 3933: 3922: 3911: 3900: 3889: 3878: 3867: 3862:Neoheterophrictus 3856: 3846:– Gabon, Cameroon 3845: 3834: 3823: 3813: 3802: 3791: 3780: 3770: 3759: 3748: 3737: 3726: 3715: 3704: 3693: 3682: 3671: 3660: 3649: 3638: 3627: 3617: 3607: 3596: 3585: 3574: 3563: 3552: 3541: 3530: 3519: 3508: 3497: 3486: 3475: 3464: 3453: 3442: 3431: 3420: 3409: 3398: 3388:– Cameroon, Congo 3387: 3376: 3365: 3355:– Kenya, Tanzania 3354: 3343: 3332: 3321: 3310: 3299: 3289:– Brazil, Bolivia 3288: 3277: 3266: 3255: 3244: 3233: 3223: 3212: 3201: 3190: 3179: 3168: 3157: 3146: 3135: 3124: 3114: 3103: 3092: 3081: 3070: 3059: 3048: 3037: 3026: 3015: 3004: 2993: 2982: 2971: 2961: 2950: 2939: 2928: 2917: 2906: 2895: 2884: 2873: 2862: 2851: 2840: 2830: 2819: 2808: 2797: 2786: 2775: 2765: 2698:Schismatothelinae 2688: 2687: 2679: 2678: 2670: 2669: 2661: 2660: 2652: 2651: 2643: 2642: 2619: 2618: 2610: 2609: 2585:Schismatothelinae 2503: 2502: 2494: 2493: 2448: 2447: 2388: 2387: 2335: 2334: 2245:Schismatothelinae 2065:Grammostola rosea 1953:sexual dimorphism 1947:Sexual dimorphism 1840:goliath birdeater 1838:than others. The 1799:allergic reaction 1632:such as the wasp 1247:, and throughout 737:tarantula's fangs 498:Theraphosa blondi 494:goliath birdeater 473:pregenital somite 391: 390: 360: 244:Tliltocatl vagans 150: 149: 142: 124: 27:Family of spiders 16:(Redirected from 7256: 7224: 7223: 7211: 7210: 7201: 7200: 7188: 7187: 7175: 7174: 7162: 7161: 7152: 7151: 7139: 7138: 7126: 7125: 7113: 7112: 7100: 7099: 7087: 7086: 7074: 7073: 7061: 7060: 7048: 7047: 7035: 7034: 7022: 7021: 7009: 7008: 6996: 6995: 6986: 6985: 6973: 6972: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6945: 6944: 6943: 6913: 6858: 6839: 6800: 6791: 6782: 6773: 6755: 6741: 6732: 6718: 6701: 6697: 6669: 6656: 6648: 6640: 6632: 6624: 6612:(pirate spiders) 6611: 6599:(shield spiders) 6598: 6589: 6580: 6571: 6562: 6549: 6541: 6532: 6519:(velvet spiders) 6518: 6505: 6497: 6474: 6466: 6458: 6447:Cheiracanthiidae 6434: 6425: 6412: 6404: 6395: 6386: 6361: 6353: 6345: 6332: 6324: 6316: 6303:(cellar spiders) 6302: 6288: 6270:(goblin spiders) 6269: 6260: 6259:Ochyroceratidae 6242: 6229: 6221: 6213: 6205: 6197: 6179: 6171: 6164: 6143: 6130: 6122: 6114: 6108:Microstigmatidae 6101: 6083: 6065: 6057: 6056:Cyrtaucheniidae 6049: 6041: 6033: 6025: 6017: 6009: 6001: 5992: 5978: 5962: 5954: 5936: 5887: 5880: 5873: 5864: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5763: 5743: 5730: 5720: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5681: 5672: 5666: 5665: 5628: 5617: 5616: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5532: 5526: 5525: 5507: 5501: 5500: 5487: 5450: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5394: 5385: 5384: 5374: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5332: 5320: 5314: 5304:Huntsman Spiders 5301: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5204:Murton, Willow. 5201: 5195: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5171: 5165: 5148:Piper, R (2007) 5146: 5140: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5066: 5060: 5059: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5014: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4987: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4948: 4942: 4935: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4911: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4888:. Live Science. 4877: 4868: 4854: 4848: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4824: 4807:(7093): 1524–5. 4790: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4737: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4711: 4634: 4620: 4606: 4591:Chamberlin, 1940 4590: 4576: 4561: 4550: 4539: 4528: 4518: 4507: 4497:C. L. Koch, 1850 4496: 4485: 4474: 4463: 4444: 4433: 4422: 4411: 4401: 4390: 4379: 4368: 4357: 4347: 4336: 4325: 4314: 4303: 4292: 4281: 4270: 4259: 4248: 4237: 4227: 4216: 4205: 4194: 4183: 4172: 4161: 4150: 4139: 4128: 4117: 4106: 4095: 4084: 4073: 4062: 4051: 4040: 4029: 4018: 4007: 3997: 3986: 3975: 3964: 3953: 3942: 3931: 3920: 3909: 3898: 3887: 3876: 3865: 3854: 3843: 3832: 3821: 3811: 3800: 3789: 3778: 3769:Chamberlin, 1917 3768: 3757: 3746: 3735: 3724: 3713: 3702: 3691: 3680: 3669: 3659:C. L. Koch, 1850 3658: 3647: 3636: 3625: 3615: 3605: 3594: 3583: 3572: 3561: 3550: 3539: 3528: 3517: 3506: 3495: 3484: 3473: 3462: 3451: 3440: 3429: 3418: 3407: 3396: 3385: 3374: 3363: 3352: 3341: 3330: 3319: 3308: 3297: 3286: 3275: 3264: 3253: 3242: 3231: 3221: 3210: 3199: 3191:– Mexico, Belize 3188: 3177: 3166: 3156:Chamberlin, 1940 3155: 3144: 3133: 3122: 3112: 3101: 3090: 3079: 3069:Guadanucci, 2004 3068: 3057: 3046: 3035: 3024: 3013: 3002: 2991: 2980: 2969: 2959: 2948: 2937: 2926: 2915: 2904: 2893: 2882: 2871: 2860: 2849: 2838: 2828: 2817: 2806: 2795: 2784: 2773: 2763: 2709:urticating hairs 2693:urticating hairs 2578: 2556: 2549: 2527: 2517: 2469:Stromatopelminae 2462: 2423:Poecilotheriinae 2416: 2409: 2402: 2356: 2349: 2304: 2294: 2287: 2279: 2255:Stromatopelminae 2235:Poecilotheriinae 2174:Tamerlan Thorell 2087:(second molting) 2048:urticating hairs 1889:) of the family 1831:urticating hairs 1826:into the wound. 1819:urticating hairs 1710:urticating hairs 1655:giant centipedes 1482:Digestive system 1379:Subadult female 1225: 1219: 1189: 1183: 1155: 1149: 1135: 1129: 1114: 1092: 1086: 1072: 1054: 1048: 1034: 1028: 1014: 1008: 982: 976: 970: 964: 958: 941: 935: 926:to refer to the 925: 915: 912: 909: 906: 903: 899: 888:Carl Ludwig Koch 852:Huntsman spiders 840:dwarf tarantulas 824:purseweb spiders 762:Lycosa tarantula 728: 710: 674:urticating hairs 658:purseweb spiders 650:trapdoor spiders 573:Most species of 521: 520: 516: 513: 491: 490: 486: 483: 433:urticating hairs 387: 355: 260: 259: 237: 227: 164: 160:Temporal range: 154: 145: 138: 134: 131: 125: 123: 82: 58: 50: 32:Lycosa tarantula 21: 7264: 7263: 7259: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7254: 7253: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7219: 7214: 7206: 7204: 7196: 7191: 7183: 7178: 7170: 7165: 7157: 7155: 7147: 7142: 7134: 7129: 7121: 7116: 7108: 7103: 7095: 7090: 7082: 7077: 7069: 7064: 7056: 7051: 7043: 7038: 7030: 7025: 7017: 7012: 7004: 6999: 6991: 6989: 6981: 6976: 6968: 6963: 6954: 6953: 6948: 6939: 6938: 6933: 6920: 6910: 6905: 6895:Spider taxonomy 6870: 6828:Trochanteriidae 6772:Tetragnathidae 6525:Gallieniellidae 6371: 6352:Tetrablemmidae 6167:Non-entelegynes 6149: 6129:Paratropididae 6077:Halonoproctidae 6016:Antrodiaetidae 5986: 5968: 5944: 5930: 5898: 5891: 5839: 5837: 5832: 5813:Wayback Machine 5795:Wayback Machine 5770: 5741: 5733: 5718: 5713: 5710: 5708:Further reading 5705: 5704: 5693: 5691: 5679: 5674: 5673: 5669: 5630: 5629: 5620: 5606: 5605: 5601: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5534: 5533: 5529: 5522: 5509: 5508: 5504: 5452: 5451: 5447: 5437: 5435: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5409: 5396: 5395: 5388: 5372: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5330: 5322: 5321: 5317: 5311:Wayback Machine 5302: 5298: 5290: 5286: 5275: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5188: 5186: 5173: 5172: 5168: 5154:Greenwood Press 5147: 5143: 5130: 5126: 5113:(48): 540–555. 5100: 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5056: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5016: 5015: 5011: 5001: 4999: 4989: 4988: 4975: 4965: 4963: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4936: 4929: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4912: 4905: 4895: 4893: 4886:LiveScience.com 4879: 4878: 4871: 4865:Wayback Machine 4855: 4851: 4842: 4838: 4792: 4791: 4784: 4775: 4773: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4752: 4739: 4738: 4734: 4724: 4722: 4713: 4712: 4705: 4700: 4692:Spider taxonomy 4673: 4649: 4569:Former genera: 4567: 4471:Trichognathella 4425:– South America 4354:Stichoplastoris 4273:– Oceania, Asia 4076:– South America 4048:Phormingochilus 3890:– French Guiana 3672:– Ecuador, Peru 3553:– South America 3410:– South America 3377:– South America 3071:– South America 2841:- South America 2760:Abdomegaphobema 2747: 2723:Acanthopelminae 2689: 2680: 2671: 2662: 2653: 2644: 2620: 2611: 2523: 2504: 2495: 2449: 2438:Ornithoctoninae 2389: 2378:Selenocosmiinae 2336: 2300: 2269: 2250:Selenocosmiinae 2230:Ornithoctoninae 2194: 2125: 2074: 2028: 2018:, stuck in the 1949: 1941:huntsman spider 1886:Phoneutria fera 1803:puncture wounds 1787:benzodiazepines 1747: 1640:tarantula hawks 1626: 1587: 1571: 1535: 1484: 1373: 1301: 1259:(including the 1245:Central America 1233: 913: 910: 907: 904: 876: 765:, a species of 753: 738: 729: 720: 711: 642: 609:such as in the 559:Lasiodora klugi 518: 514: 511: 509: 488: 484: 481: 479: 441: 354: 254: 228: 226: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 162: 161: 158: 146: 135: 129: 126: 83: 81: 71: 59: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7262: 7260: 7252: 7251: 7246: 7236: 7235: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7225: 7212: 7202: 7189: 7176: 7163: 7153: 7140: 7127: 7114: 7101: 7088: 7075: 7066:Fauna Europaea 7062: 7049: 7036: 7023: 7010: 6997: 6987: 6974: 6961: 6946: 6930: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6916: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6897: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6876: 6875: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6863: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6801:(crab spiders) 6795: 6787: 6777: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6751: 6746: 6736: 6733:(bark hunters) 6728: 6723: 6713: 6708: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6676:Phrurolithidae 6673: 6668:Philodromidae 6665: 6660: 6657:(lynx spiders) 6652: 6644: 6636: 6628: 6620: 6615: 6607: 6605:Megadictynidae 6602: 6594: 6590:(wolf spiders) 6584: 6576: 6566: 6558: 6556:Homalonychidae 6553: 6545: 6537: 6527: 6522: 6514: 6509: 6501: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6470: 6462: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6429: 6421: 6416: 6408: 6400: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6357: 6349: 6341: 6336: 6328: 6320: 6312: 6307: 6297: 6292: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6264: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6238: 6233: 6228:Gradungulidae 6225: 6217: 6209: 6201: 6193: 6188: 6186:Austrochilidae 6183: 6174: 6168: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6147: 6142:Theraphosidae 6139: 6137:Porrhothelidae 6134: 6126: 6118: 6110: 6105: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6061: 6053: 6045: 6037: 6029: 6021: 6013: 6008:Actinopodidae 6004: 5998: 5988: 5987: 5981: 5974: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5961:Heptathelidae 5958: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5939: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5922: 5916: 5910: 5903: 5900: 5899: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5882: 5875: 5867: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5803: 5797: 5785: 5776: 5769: 5768:External links 5766: 5765: 5764: 5731: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5702: 5667: 5618: 5599: 5580: 5550: 5527: 5520: 5502: 5445: 5422:Animal-World. 5414: 5407: 5386: 5360: 5341:(2): 331–335. 5315: 5296: 5284: 5273: 5253: 5230: 5196: 5166: 5141: 5133:Chov sklípkanů 5124: 5109:. 7th Series. 5093: 5061: 5054: 5036: 5009: 4973: 4943: 4927: 4903: 4869: 4849: 4836: 4782: 4757: 4750: 4732: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4672: 4669: 4648: 4645: 4644: 4643: 4632:Melloleitaoina 4629: 4615: 4599: 4585: 4566: 4565: 4554: 4543: 4532: 4521: 4511: 4500: 4489: 4478: 4477:– South Africa 4467: 4456: 4448: 4437: 4426: 4415: 4412:Ausserer, 1875 4404: 4394: 4391:Ausserer, 1871 4387:Tapinauchenius 4383: 4372: 4361: 4350: 4340: 4333:Sphaerobothria 4329: 4318: 4315:Ausserer, 1875 4307: 4296: 4285: 4274: 4271:Ausserer, 1871 4263: 4252: 4241: 4234:Schismatothele 4230: 4220: 4213:Sahydroaraneus 4209: 4198: 4187: 4176: 4165: 4154: 4147:Pseudhapalopus 4143: 4132: 4121: 4110: 4099: 4088: 4081:Plesiophrictus 4077: 4066: 4055: 4044: 4033: 4022: 4011: 4000: 3990: 3979: 3968: 3957: 3946: 3935: 3924: 3913: 3902: 3891: 3884:Neostenotarsus 3880: 3869: 3858: 3847: 3836: 3833:Ausserer, 1871 3825: 3814: 3804: 3793: 3782: 3771: 3761: 3758:Brignoli, 1985 3750: 3739: 3728: 3717: 3706: 3695: 3684: 3673: 3662: 3651: 3640: 3629: 3618: 3608: 3598: 3595:Ausserer, 1871 3587: 3576: 3575:– South Africa 3565: 3554: 3551:Ausserer, 1871 3543: 3532: 3521: 3510: 3503:Heterophrictus 3499: 3488: 3477: 3474:Ausserer, 1871 3466: 3455: 3444: 3433: 3430:Ausserer, 1875 3422: 3411: 3400: 3389: 3378: 3367: 3366:– Sierra Leone 3356: 3345: 3342:Ausserer, 1875 3334: 3323: 3312: 3301: 3290: 3279: 3268: 3257: 3250:Cyrtogrammomma 3246: 3235: 3224: 3214: 3211:Ausserer, 1871 3203: 3192: 3181: 3170: 3159: 3148: 3141:Citharognathus 3137: 3130:Citharacanthus 3126: 3115: 3105: 3094: 3091:Ausserer, 1871 3083: 3072: 3061: 3050: 3039: 3028: 3017: 3006: 3005:– South Africa 2995: 2984: 2973: 2962: 2952: 2941: 2930: 2919: 2908: 2897: 2886: 2875: 2864: 2853: 2842: 2831: 2821: 2810: 2799: 2788: 2785:Ausserer, 1871 2781:Acanthoscurria 2777: 2766: 2755: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2741: 2731: 2726: 2686: 2685: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2640: 2637: 2636: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2581: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2559: 2554: 2552: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2536: 2520: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2465: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2363:Thrigmopoeinae 2359: 2354: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2325:Eumenophorinae 2321: 2318: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2297: 2292: 2290: 2285: 2283: 2282:Theraphosidae 2277: 2268: 2267: 2265:Thrigmopoeinae 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2215:Eumenophorinae 2212: 2206: 2193: 2190: 2182:John Blackwall 2158:Georges Cuvier 2124: 2121: 2073: 2070: 2027: 2024: 1948: 1945: 1912:Atrax robustus 1746: 1743: 1625: 1622: 1586: 1583: 1570: 1567: 1534: 1533:Nervous system 1531: 1483: 1480: 1372: 1369: 1300: 1297: 1267:), and all of 1261:Ryukyu Islands 1232: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1207: 1204:Gosiute people 1198:– the element 1191: 1171: 1157: 1137: 1095: 1094: 1074: 1056: 1036: 1016: 918:arachnologists 875: 874:in genus names 868: 854:of the family 752: 749: 740: 739: 730: 723: 721: 712: 705: 641: 640:Identification 638: 575:North American 440: 437: 389: 388: 380: 379: 369: 368: 362: 361: 349: 345: 344: 342:Avicularioidea 339: 332: 331: 326: 322: 321: 316: 312: 311: 306: 302: 301: 296: 292: 291: 286: 282: 281: 276: 272: 271: 266: 262: 261: 248: 247: 239: 238: 230: 229: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 165: 159: 148: 147: 62: 60: 53: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7261: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7244:Theraphosidae 7242: 7241: 7239: 7222: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7199: 7194: 7190: 7186: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7154: 7150: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6988: 6984: 6983:Theraphosidae 6979: 6975: 6971: 6970:Theraphosidae 6966: 6962: 6957: 6956:Theraphosidae 6951: 6947: 6942: 6936: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6926:Theraphosidae 6923: 6919: 6914: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6892: 6889: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6861: 6859:(ant spiders) 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6803: 6796: 6794: 6792:(ray spiders) 6788: 6786: 6785: 6778: 6776: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6737: 6735: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6721: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6705: 6700: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6681:Physoglenidae 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6653: 6651: 6645: 6643: 6637: 6635: 6629: 6627: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6585: 6583: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6567: 6565: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6546: 6544: 6538: 6536: 6535: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6502: 6500: 6494: 6492: 6491:Cycloctenidae 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6481:Cyatholipidae 6479: 6477: 6471: 6469: 6463: 6461: 6459:(sac spiders) 6455: 6453: 6452:Cithaeronidae 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6430: 6428: 6424:Anyphaenidae 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6409: 6407: 6403:Amaurobiidae 6401: 6399: 6398: 6391: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6368: 6365: 6358: 6356: 6350: 6348: 6342: 6340: 6339:Stenochilidae 6337: 6335: 6329: 6327: 6323:Segestriidae 6321: 6319: 6313: 6311: 6310:Plectreuridae 6308: 6306: 6305: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6287:Palpimanidae 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6272: 6265: 6263: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6241:Hypochilidae 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6226: 6224: 6220:Filistatidae 6218: 6216: 6210: 6208: 6202: 6200: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6176: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6159:Araneomorphae 6156: 6146: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6127: 6125: 6119: 6117: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6098: 6096: 6095:Macrothelidae 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6082:Hexathelidae 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6062: 6060: 6054: 6052: 6046: 6044: 6040:Barychelidae 6038: 6036: 6030: 6028: 6022: 6020: 6014: 6012: 6006: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5996:Mygalomorphae 5993: 5989: 5985: 5984:Opisthothelae 5979: 5975: 5965: 5959: 5957: 5953:Liphistiidae 5951: 5950: 5947: 5943: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5923: 5921: 5917: 5915: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5901: 5896: 5888: 5883: 5881: 5876: 5874: 5869: 5868: 5865: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5836: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5748: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5717: 5712: 5711: 5707: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5671: 5668: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5614: 5610: 5603: 5600: 5595: 5591: 5584: 5581: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5554: 5551: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5531: 5528: 5523: 5521:9789004156647 5517: 5513: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5449: 5446: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5418: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5400: 5393: 5391: 5387: 5383:(9): 405–411. 5382: 5378: 5371: 5364: 5361: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5329: 5325: 5319: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5305: 5300: 5297: 5293: 5288: 5285: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5266: 5265: 5257: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5234: 5231: 5218: 5214: 5213: 5207: 5200: 5197: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5145: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5128: 5125: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5097: 5094: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5073: 5065: 5062: 5057: 5055:3-13-575802-8 5051: 5047: 5040: 5037: 5031: 5026: 5022: 5021: 5013: 5010: 4998:(21): 153–160 4997: 4993: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4974: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4947: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4932: 4928: 4916: 4910: 4908: 4904: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4859: 4853: 4850: 4846: 4840: 4837: 4832: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4789: 4787: 4783: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4758: 4753: 4747: 4743: 4736: 4733: 4720: 4716: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4697: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4674: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4665:Burmese amber 4662: 4658: 4654: 4647:Fossil record 4646: 4642: 4641: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4613: 4605: 4604: 4600: 4598: 4597: 4596:Neischnocolus 4589: 4586: 4584: 4583: 4582:Neischnocolus 4575: 4572: 4571: 4570: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4516: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4447:– Peru, Chile 4445:Schmidt, 1994 4443: 4442: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4423:Thorell, 1870 4421: 4420: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4365:Stromatopelma 4362: 4358:Rudloff, 1997 4356: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4231: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4206:Schmidt, 2001 4204: 4203: 4199: 4195:Rudloff, 2001 4193: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4169:Pterinochilus 4166: 4160: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4103:Proshapalopus 4100: 4094: 4093: 4092:Poecilotheria 4089: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4059:Phrixotrichus 4056: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3996: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3972:Pachistopelma 3969: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3939:Ornithoctonus 3936: 3932:Thorell, 1891 3930: 3929: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3851:Neischnocolus 3848: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3831: 3830: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3818:Murphyarachne 3815: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3797:Monocentropus 3794: 3788: 3787: 3786:Miaschistopus 3783: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3718: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3683:– El Salvador 3681:Gabriel, 2014 3679: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3558:Hysterocrates 3555: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3485:Purcell, 1902 3483: 3482: 3481:Harpactirella 3478: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3349:Eucratoscelus 3346: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3305:Encyocratella 3302: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3220: 3219: 3218:Cymbiapophysa 3215: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3178:Mendoza, 2012 3176: 3175: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3163:Coremiocnemis 3160: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3123:Schmidt, 1995 3121: 3120: 3119:Chromatopelma 3116: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3011: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2981:Kaderka, 2015 2979: 2978: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2958: 2957: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2934:Bacillochilus 2931: 2927:Lamarck, 1818 2925: 2924: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2846:Annandaliella 2843: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2807:Schmidt, 2005 2805: 2804: 2803:Aenigmarachne 2800: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2744: 2739: 2735: 2734:Spelopelminae 2732: 2730: 2729:Selenogyrinae 2727: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2704:Psalmopoeinae 2700: 2699: 2694: 2684: 2683: 2675: 2674: 2666: 2665: 2657: 2656: 2648: 2647: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2633:Theraphosinae 2628: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2615: 2614: 2606: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2600:Psalmopoeinae 2595: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2564: 2563:Aviculariinae 2558: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2543: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2532: 2526: 2525:Ischnocolinae 2519: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2499: 2498: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2484:Harpactirinae 2479: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2444: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2384: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2331: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2309: 2303: 2302:Ischnocolinae 2296: 2295: 2289: 2288: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2274: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2260:Theraphosinae 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2240:Psalmopoeinae 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2225:Ischnocolinae 2223: 2221: 2220:Harpactirinae 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2210:Aviculariinae 2208: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2112: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2086: 2084: 2078: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2066: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2032: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1973: 1972: 1966: 1962: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1937:Mygalomorphae 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1877:South America 1874: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1782:Poecilotheria 1778: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1759: 1755: 1754:L. parahybana 1751: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1735: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1658: 1656: 1651: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1591: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1579:cephalothorax 1576: 1568: 1566: 1558: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1502:(molted skin) 1501: 1496: 1488: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1471:Araneomorphae 1467: 1465: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1442: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1384: 1383: 1377: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1249:South America 1246: 1242: 1238: 1237:United States 1230: 1224: 1218: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1182: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1148: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1128: 1123: 1122: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1091: 1085: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1047: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1027: 1022: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1007: 1002: 1001: 997: 996: 995: 992: 990: 986: 981: 975: 969: 963: 957: 953: 949: 945: 940: 934: 929: 924: 920:use the word 919: 898: 893: 889: 885: 881: 873: 869: 867: 865: 864:Araneomorphae 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 813: 811: 806: 802: 800: 795: 791: 790:Theraphosidae 788: 784: 783:Mygalomorphae 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 763: 758: 750: 744: 736: 735: 727: 722: 718: 717: 709: 704: 702: 700: 696: 691: 689: 685: 681: 680: 675: 671: 667: 663: 662:Araneomorphae 659: 655: 651: 647: 646:Mygalomorphae 639: 637: 634: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 599: 594: 593: 588: 587: 582: 581: 576: 567: 563: 561: 560: 555: 554: 549: 548: 543: 542: 537: 536: 527: 523: 507: 503: 499: 495: 476: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 438: 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 417:Mygalomorphae 414: 410: 406: 405:Theraphosidae 403: 399: 395: 386: 381: 378: 377:1,100 species 374: 370: 367: 363: 358: 353: 352:Theraphosidae 350: 347: 346: 343: 340: 337: 334: 333: 330: 329:Mygalomorphae 327: 324: 323: 320: 317: 314: 313: 310: 307: 304: 303: 300: 297: 294: 293: 290: 287: 284: 283: 280: 277: 274: 273: 270: 267: 264: 263: 258: 253: 249: 246: 245: 240: 236: 231: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 155: 152: 144: 141: 133: 130:February 2016 122: 119: 115: 112: 108: 105: 101: 98: 94: 91: – 90: 86: 85:Find sources: 79: 75: 69: 68: 63:This article 61: 57: 52: 51: 48: 44: 37: 33: 19: 18:Theraphosidae 6925: 6899: 6855: 6851:Xenoctenidae 6846:Viridasiidae 6823:Trechaleidae 6808:Titanoecidae 6797: 6781:Theridiidae 6779: 6749:Stiphidiidae 6740:Sparassidae 6738: 6731:Senoculidae 6715: 6686:Phyxelididae 6663:Penestomidae 6639:Nicodamidae 6586: 6579:Liocranidae 6570:Linyphiidae 6568: 6548:Hersiliidae 6531:Gnaphosidae 6529: 6457:Clubionidae 6431: 6411:Ammoxenidae 6392: 6363: 6299: 6295:Periegopidae 6266: 6249:Leptonetidae 6141: 6072:Euctenizidae 5838:. Retrieved 5751: 5745: 5726: 5722: 5692:. Retrieved 5687: 5683: 5670: 5637: 5633: 5612: 5611:, Series 3, 5608: 5602: 5593: 5592:, Series 3, 5589: 5583: 5571:. Retrieved 5563:Live Science 5562: 5553: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5511: 5505: 5497: 5459: 5455: 5448: 5436:. Retrieved 5428:Animal World 5427: 5417: 5398: 5380: 5376: 5363: 5338: 5334: 5318: 5299: 5287: 5263: 5256: 5239: 5233: 5221:. Retrieved 5212:Human Planet 5209: 5199: 5187:. Retrieved 5178: 5169: 5149: 5144: 5132: 5127: 5110: 5106: 5096: 5084:. Retrieved 5071: 5064: 5045: 5039: 5019: 5012: 5000:. Retrieved 4995: 4964:. Retrieved 4955: 4946: 4918:. Retrieved 4894:. Retrieved 4885: 4852: 4839: 4804: 4798: 4774:, retrieved 4769: 4760: 4741: 4735: 4723:. Retrieved 4718: 4682:Guangxitoxin 4660: 4650: 4640:Tmesiphantes 4638: 4631: 4626:Tmesiphantes 4624: 4617: 4612:nomen dubium 4610: 4607:Strand, 1907 4603:Eurypelmella 4601: 4594: 4587: 4580: 4573: 4568: 4556: 4545: 4534: 4523: 4513: 4502: 4493:Typhochlaena 4491: 4480: 4475:Gallon, 2004 4469: 4460:Tmesiphantes 4458: 4450: 4439: 4434:Pocock, 1899 4430:Thrigmopoeus 4428: 4417: 4408:Thalerommata 4406: 4396: 4385: 4374: 4369:Karsch, 1881 4363: 4352: 4342: 4337:Karsch, 1879 4331: 4320: 4309: 4304:Pocock, 1895 4298: 4289:Selenotholus 4287: 4282:Pocock, 1897 4276: 4267:Selenocosmia 4265: 4256:Scopelobates 4254: 4243: 4238:Karsch, 1879 4232: 4222: 4211: 4202:Reversopelma 4200: 4189: 4184:Pocock, 1901 4180:Pterinopelma 4178: 4173:Pocock, 1897 4167: 4156: 4151:Strand, 1907 4145: 4136:Psednocnemis 4134: 4129:Pocock, 1895 4123: 4112: 4101: 4090: 4085:Pocock, 1899 4079: 4074:Pocock, 1901 4068: 4057: 4052:Pocock, 1895 4046: 4041:Pocock, 1901 4037:Phormictopus 4035: 4030:Karsch, 1884 4024: 4019:Pocock, 1897 4013: 4008:Karsch, 1885 4002: 3992: 3987:Pocock, 1901 3983:Pamphobeteus 3981: 3976:Pocock, 1901 3970: 3959: 3948: 3943:Pocock, 1892 3937: 3926: 3915: 3904: 3901:– Seychelles 3893: 3882: 3873:Neoholothele 3871: 3860: 3849: 3838: 3829:Mygalarachne 3827: 3816: 3806: 3801:Pocock, 1897 3795: 3790:Pocock, 1897 3784: 3779:Becker, 1878 3773: 3763: 3752: 3747:Pocock, 1901 3741: 3736:Gallon, 2005 3730: 3719: 3714:Pocock, 1895 3708: 3697: 3686: 3675: 3666:Lasiodorides 3664: 3653: 3642: 3631: 3620: 3610: 3600: 3589: 3584:Pocock, 1901 3578: 3573:Hewitt, 1919 3567: 3556: 3545: 3540:Karsch, 1879 3534: 3529:Karsch, 1879 3523: 3518:Pocock, 1900 3514:Heteroscodra 3512: 3507:Pocock, 1900 3501: 3490: 3479: 3468: 3457: 3448:Haploclastus 3446: 3437:Hapalotremus 3435: 3424: 3413: 3402: 3391: 3380: 3375:Pocock, 1901 3371:Eupalaestrus 3369: 3364:Pocock, 1897 3360:Eumenophorus 3358: 3353:Pocock, 1898 3347: 3336: 3325: 3322:– Madagascar 3314: 3309:Strand, 1907 3303: 3298:Pocock, 1901 3292: 3283:Dolichothele 3281: 3270: 3259: 3254:Pocock, 1895 3248: 3239:Cyriopagopus 3237: 3226: 3216: 3207:Cyclosternum 3205: 3194: 3183: 3172: 3161: 3150: 3145:Pocock, 1895 3139: 3134:Pocock, 1901 3128: 3117: 3109:Chinchaysuyu 3107: 3102:Karsch, 1892 3098:Chilobrachys 3096: 3085: 3080:Pocock, 1897 3074: 3063: 3052: 3041: 3030: 3019: 3008: 3003:Pocock, 1897 2999:Brachionopus 2997: 2986: 2977:Bistriopelma 2975: 2964: 2954: 2949:Pocock, 1903 2943: 2938:Gallon, 2010 2932: 2921: 2916:Gallon, 2002 2912:Augacephalus 2910: 2905:Pocock, 1901 2899: 2888: 2877: 2866: 2861:Pocock, 1897 2857:Anoploscelus 2855: 2844: 2833: 2823: 2814:Agnostopelma 2812: 2809:– Costa Rica 2801: 2796:Pocock, 1901 2792:Acentropelma 2790: 2779: 2770:Acanthopelma 2768: 2758: 2748: 2737: 2717: 2712: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2631: 2598: 2583: 2561: 2529: 2522: 2482: 2467: 2436: 2421: 2376: 2361: 2323: 2306: 2299: 2270: 2202:monophyletic 2198:phylogenomic 2195: 2185: 2165: 2153: 2147: 2139: 2131: 2126: 2113: 2093: 2090: 2081: 2072:Reproduction 2063: 2061: 2057: 2037: 2001: 1995: 1992:spermathecae 1988:spermathecae 1977: 1969: 1956: 1950: 1910: 1884: 1873:urban legend 1870: 1852: 1828: 1815:stridulating 1811: 1780: 1774: 1763: 1753: 1736: 1732: 1717: 1703: 1691: 1683:honey badger 1659: 1643: 1633: 1627: 1611: 1596: 1572: 1563: 1536: 1520: 1505: 1468: 1460: 1445: 1415: 1387: 1380: 1363:, and small 1331:, and other 1302: 1263:in southern 1234: 1231:Distribution 1209: 1199: 1193: 1173: 1159: 1139: 1119: 1106: 1102: 1096: 1076: 1064: 1058: 1038: 1018: 1000:Acanthopelma 998: 993: 988: 984: 947: 933:Sammetbürste 891: 883: 877: 871: 870:The element 859: 844:mygalomorphs 836:Hexathelidae 819: 817: 808: 794:wolf spiders 778: 760: 756: 754: 732: 714: 695:true spiders 692: 677: 664:such as the 643: 635: 631:cloud forest 596: 590: 584: 578: 572: 557: 551: 547:T. apophysis 545: 539: 533: 532: 497: 477: 449:invertebrate 442: 423:trade. Many 404: 393: 392: 351: 335: 325:Infraorder: 242: 151: 136: 127: 117: 110: 103: 96: 84: 72:Please help 67:verification 64: 47: 7105:iNaturalist 6950:Wikispecies 6857:Zodariidae 6838:Uloboridae 6818:Trachelidae 6799:Thomisidae 6767:Synotaxidae 6762:Synaphridae 6726:Selenopidae 6717:Salticidae 6702:(including 6696:Pisauridae 6647:Oecobiidae 6631:Nesticidae 6623:Mysmenidae 6597:Malkaridae 6561:Lamponidae 6496:Deinopidae 6465:Corinnidae 6394:Agelenidae 6381:Entelegynae 6331:Sicariidae 6315:Scytodidae 6277:Orsolobidae 6236:Huttoniidae 6212:Dysderidae 6204:Drymusidae 6196:Diguetidae 6178:Archaeidae 6121:Nemesiidae 6064:Dipluridae 6048:Ctenizidae 5920:Chelicerata 5918:Subphylum: 5735:Raven R. R. 5573:13 February 5485:11336/33878 5438:13 February 5324:Bertani, R. 4956:lifeinitaly 4896:29 November 4687:Spider bite 4663:, found in 4653:mygalomorph 4651:Fossils of 4621:Simon, 1892 4540:Simon, 1891 4486:Simon, 1888 4482:Trichopelma 4464:Simon, 1892 4441:Thrixopelma 4311:Sericopelma 4306:– Australia 4300:Selenotypus 4295:– Australia 4278:Selenogyrus 4260:Simon, 1903 4245:Schizopelma 4191:Reichlingia 4162:Smith, 1995 4125:Psalmopoeus 4118:Simon, 1889 4096:Simon, 1885 4070:Plesiopelma 4063:Simon, 1889 4054:– Indonesia 4015:Phlogiellus 3994:Parvicarina 3967:– Venezuela 3965:Simon, 1889 3954:Simon, 1892 3921:Lucas, 1983 3899:Simon, 1903 3844:Simon, 1903 3792:– Venezuela 3775:Metriopelma 3765:Melognathus 3743:Megaphobema 3738:– Mauritius 3732:Mascaraneus 3721:Magnacarina 3710:Lyrognathus 3703:Simon, 1903 3692:Simon, 1889 3688:Loxomphalia 3637:Simon, 1892 3633:Lampropelma 3591:Ischnocolus 3562:Simon, 1892 3525:Heterothele 3496:Simon, 1903 3492:Hemirrhagus 3459:Haplocosmia 3452:Simon, 1892 3441:Simon, 1903 3408:Simon, 1892 3404:Grammostola 3397:Simon, 1889 3393:Euthycaelus 3386:Hirst, 1908 3331:Simon, 1892 3320:Simon, 1892 3316:Encyocrates 3267:– Caribbean 3265:Simon, 1892 3261:Cyrtopholis 3243:Simon, 1887 3232:Simon, 1903 3228:Cyriocosmus 3200:Ortiz, 2008 3174:Cotztetlana 3167:Simon, 1892 3147:– Indonesia 3125:– Venezuela 3087:Chaetopelma 3076:Ceratogyrus 3032:Cardiopelma 3014:Simon, 1891 3010:Brachypelma 2901:Aphonopelma 2850:Hirst, 1909 2738:Hemirrhagus 2192:Subfamilies 2178:mygalomorph 2152:. However, 2134:. In 1802, 2109:opisthosoma 2052:exoskeleton 2040:exoskeleton 1714:opisthosoma 1618:exoskeleton 1614:opisthosoma 1431:opisthosoma 1313:terrestrial 1287:, southern 1141:Cardiopelma 1121:Aphonopelma 1107:Cardiopelma 1099:R.I. Pocock 1078:Sericopelma 1060:Schizopelma 1040:Metriopelma 1020:Brachypelma 856:Sparassidae 850:from them. 838:), and the 777:. The term 767:wolf spider 679:Hemirrhagus 522: in). 465:opisthosoma 453:exoskeleton 299:Chelicerata 295:Subphylum: 89:"Tarantula" 7238:Categories 6866:Zoropsidae 6711:Psechridae 6655:Oxyopidae 6618:Miturgidae 6610:Mimetidae 6588:Lycosidae 6540:Hahniidae 6512:Dictynidae 6433:Araneidae 6344:Telemidae 6301:Pholcidae 6282:Pacullidae 6268:Oonopidae 6191:Caponiidae 6024:Atracidae 5942:Mesothelae 5914:Arthropoda 5779:Tarantulas 5729:: 254–261. 5700:pp. 43–45. 5408:0764100769 5223:7 December 5162:0313339228 5086:10 October 5002:10 October 4698:References 4588:Barropelma 4547:Yanomamius 4452:Tliltocatl 4419:Theraphosa 4382:- Thailand 4293:Hogg, 1902 4224:Sandinista 4114:Psalistops 4004:Pelinobius 3950:Orphnaecus 3934:– Malaysia 3835:– Honduras 3705:– Ethiopia 3699:Loxoptygus 3694:– Tanzania 3644:Lasiocyano 3580:Iridopelma 3470:Harpactira 3382:Euphrictus 3311:– Tanzania 3294:Dugesiella 3185:Crassicrus 3152:Clavopelma 2972:– Malaysia 2951:– Cameroon 2945:Batesiella 2923:Avicularia 2825:Aguapanela 2820:– Colombia 2186:Theraphosa 2104:chelicerae 2085:cancerides 2026:Life cycle 1758:chelicerae 1739:stridulate 1719:Avicularia 1630:Pompilidae 1599:hemocyanin 1575:book lungs 1551:pheromones 1516:chelicerae 1508:chelicerae 1464:haemolymph 1435:spinnerets 1410:chelicerae 1398:chelicerae 1371:Appendages 1345:arthropods 1337:chelicerae 1329:millipedes 1325:centipedes 1255:, much of 1211:Spelopelma 1161:Clavopelma 916:). German 880:synonymous 860:tarantulas 832:Dipluridae 799:infraorder 699:book lungs 648:, such as 615:rainforest 445:arthropods 421:exotic pet 394:Tarantulas 373:166 genera 289:Arthropoda 100:newspapers 43:tarantella 6813:Toxopidae 6517:Eresidae 6486:Cybaeidae 6473:Ctenidae 6090:Idiopidae 6032:Atypidae 5982:Suborder 5940:Suborder 5926:Arachnida 5906:Kingdom: 5754:: 15–28. 5662:199389268 5615:: 109–242 5547:(4): 122. 5248:2246/2705 5189:29 August 5081:669374426 4966:29 August 4952:"Taranto" 4776:20 August 4558:Ybyrapora 4536:Xenesthis 4504:Umbyquyra 4398:Tekoapora 4026:Phoneyusa 3961:Ozopactus 3928:Omothymus 3906:Nesipelma 3895:Nesiergus 3808:Munduruku 3677:Longilyra 3655:Lasiodora 3569:Idiothele 3547:Homoeomma 3536:Holothele 3426:Hapalopus 3327:Ephebopus 3054:Catanduba 3038:– Unknown 3036:Vol, 1999 2992:Vol, 2000 2988:Bonnetina 2890:Antillena 2835:Amazonius 2273:cladogram 2100:pedipalps 2016:pedipalps 1929:Australia 1925:antivenom 1868:species. 1866:New World 1854:Old World 1791:magnesium 1712:, on the 1687:Old World 1679:mongooses 1675:New World 1650:olfaction 1624:Predators 1607:hemocytes 1603:hemolymph 1527:hemolymph 1406:masticate 1390:pedipalps 1341:chitinous 1269:Australia 1214:– Greek 1195:Gosipelma 1175:Delopelma 1144:– Greek 1109:writes, " 985:Eurypelma 892:Eurypelma 820:tarantula 818:The name 787:New World 779:tarantula 757:tarantula 751:Etymology 666:Lycosidae 627:mountains 623:scrubland 607:grassland 541:T. blondi 502:Venezuela 457:Arachnida 443:Like all 431:known as 425:New World 366:Diversity 309:Arachnida 275:Kingdom: 269:Eukaryota 157:Tarantula 7014:BugGuide 6990:BioLib: 6935:Wikidata 6833:Udubidae 6691:Pimoidae 6504:Desidae 6442:Arkyidae 6419:Anapidae 6113:Migidae 5912:Phylum: 5908:Animalia 5897:families 5809:Archived 5791:Archived 5737:(2005). 5694:28 March 5690:: 22–164 5654:31374259 5567:Archived 5494:85259715 5462:(1): 2. 5432:Archived 5355:55978068 5307:Archived 5279:Archived 5242:: 2498. 5217:Archived 5183:Archived 4960:Archived 4890:Archived 4861:Archived 4671:See also 4657:Triassic 4564:– Brazil 4525:Vitalius 4515:Urupelma 4499:– Brazil 4466:– Brazil 4376:Taksinus 4371:– Africa 4328:– Brazil 4251:– Mexico 4197:– Belize 4186:– Brazil 4175:– Africa 4164:- Mexico 4032:– Africa 3978:– Brazil 3857:– Panama 3840:Myostola 3781:– Mexico 3754:Melloina 3727:– Mexico 3650:– Brazil 3628:– Brazil 3622:Kochiana 3612:Kankuamo 3602:Isiboroa 3586:– Brazil 3564:– Africa 3498:– Mexico 3415:Guyruita 3338:Euathlus 3300:- Mexico 3196:Cubanana 3180:– Mexico 3158:– Mexico 3082:– Africa 3065:Catumiri 3060:– Brazil 3043:Caribena 2994:– Mexico 2956:Bermejoa 2940:– Angola 2879:Antikuna 2776:– Guyana 2308:Catamiri 2128:Linnaeus 2123:Taxonomy 1931:. These 1921:venomous 1895:venomous 1891:Ctenidae 1681:and the 1667:kinkajou 1423:maxillae 1281:Portugal 1223:σπήλαιον 1217:spélaion 1178:– Greek 1164:– Latin 1124:– Greek 1081:– Greek 1043:– Greek 1023:– Greek 1003:– Greek 980:Fußsohle 894:wrote, " 848:families 773:town of 670:Americas 439:Overview 348:Family: 285:Phylum: 279:Animalia 265:Domain: 7208:5553422 6941:Q213383 6704:Halidae 5924:Class: 5895:Araneae 5893:Extant 5840:15 July 5747:Zootaxa 5596:: 1–108 5464:Bibcode 5215:. BBC. 5139:, p. 23 5137:Jihlava 4920:15 July 4831:9183200 4822:2126783 4618:Magulla 4436:– India 4322:Sickius 4219:– India 3868:– India 3509:– India 3465:– Nepal 3454:– India 2966:Birupes 2868:Anqasha 2852:– India 2196:A 2019 2168:means " 2144:spiders 2116:egg sac 2096:mammals 2044:molting 1933:spiders 1899:spiders 1685:in the 1673:in the 1671:opossum 1547:spiders 1539:prosoma 1523:prosoma 1512:prosoma 1394:prosoma 1349:lizards 1333:spiders 1317:burrows 1127:áphonos 1090:σηρικόϛ 1084:sericós 1065:schizo- 1052:μέτριοϛ 1046:métrios 1026:brachýs 1006:ácantha 944:scopula 939:scopula 905: 775:Taranto 771:Italian 684:spiders 603:savanna 517:⁄ 500:) from 487:⁄ 469:pedicel 461:prosoma 409:species 400:of the 398:spiders 357:Thorell 319:Araneae 315:Order: 305:Class: 114:scholar 7205:uBio: 7185:257475 7172:614529 7156:NZOR: 7136:847765 7123:101227 7058:1THPSF 6993:133493 5783:Curlie 5660: 5652: 5518: 5492: 5405: 5353: 5271: 5160: 5079: 5052: 4829: 4819: 4748: 3917:Nhandu 3824:- Peru 3245:– Asia 3202:– Cuba 3104:– Asia 3049:– Cuba 2983:– Peru 2885:- Peru 2874:- Peru 2745:Genera 2713:et al. 2166:mygale 2154:Mygale 2149:Aranea 2140:Mygale 2132:Aranea 1980:exuvia 1917:spider 1848:cornea 1677:, and 1669:, and 1645:Pepsis 1500:exuvia 1475:spider 1396:. The 1365:snakes 1321:burrow 1305:genera 1299:Habits 1293:Cyprus 1291:, and 1285:Turkey 1273:Europe 1253:Africa 1241:Mexico 1167:clavis 1153:καρδία 1147:cardía 1133:ἄφωνοϛ 1032:βραχύϛ 1012:ἄκανθα 928:tarsus 629:, and 619:desert 611:pampas 506:Brazil 413:genera 402:family 359:, 1869 116: 109: 102: 95: 87: 7193:Plazi 7118:IRMNG 7110:47424 7071:10635 5742:(PDF) 5719:(PDF) 5680:(PDF) 5658:S2CID 5490:S2CID 5373:(PDF) 5351:S2CID 5331:(PDF) 4725:2 May 3272:Davus 3021:Bumba 2311:sp.) 2170:shrew 2162:Greek 1862:venom 1824:venom 1795:toxin 1771:venom 1766:venom 1724:flies 1706:setae 1663:coati 1543:setae 1427:semen 1419:coxae 1402:venom 1361:birds 1303:Some 1289:Italy 1277:Spain 1271:. In 1265:Japan 1243:, in 1200:gosi- 1187:δηλόϛ 1181:delós 1103:pelma 1070:σχίζω 989:pelma 974:πέλμα 968:pélma 962:εὐρύϛ 956:eurýs 952:Greek 948:Eury- 884:pelma 872:pelma 471:, or 429:setae 336:Clade 121:JSTOR 107:books 7149:6895 7144:NCBI 7131:ITIS 7097:5650 7092:GBIF 7053:EPPO 7019:1961 7006:1427 7001:BOLD 6900:Bold 5842:2013 5752:1004 5696:2024 5650:PMID 5575:2017 5516:ISBN 5440:2017 5403:ISBN 5269:ISBN 5225:2011 5191:2015 5158:ISBN 5088:2019 5077:OCLC 5050:ISBN 5004:2019 4968:2015 4922:2022 4898:2014 4827:PMID 4778:2022 4746:ISBN 4727:2022 2020:molt 2012:molt 2008:molt 2000:and 1982:for 1915:) a 1789:and 1728:molt 1357:bats 1353:mice 1309:silk 1257:Asia 902:lit. 834:and 759:was 688:webs 656:and 504:and 168:PreꞒ 93:news 7216:WSC 7045:170 7040:EoL 7032:H6K 7027:CoL 6978:AFD 6965:ADW 5781:at 5756:doi 5642:doi 5638:140 5480:hdl 5472:doi 5343:doi 5244:hdl 5115:doi 5025:doi 4817:PMC 4809:doi 4805:314 4800:BMJ 4574:Ami 2146:in 1986:or 1421:or 923:Fuß 900:" ( 826:or 76:by 7240:: 7218:: 7195:: 7182:: 7169:: 7146:: 7133:: 7120:: 7107:: 7094:: 7081:: 7068:: 7055:: 7042:: 7029:: 7016:: 7003:: 6980:: 6967:: 6952:: 6937:: 5750:. 5744:. 5727:24 5725:. 5721:. 5688:13 5686:. 5682:. 5656:. 5648:. 5636:. 5621:^ 5565:. 5561:. 5545:11 5543:. 5496:. 5488:. 5478:. 5470:. 5460:49 5458:. 5430:. 5426:. 5389:^ 5381:12 5379:. 5375:. 5349:. 5339:36 5337:. 5333:. 5277:. 5208:. 5181:. 5177:. 5156:, 5152:, 5105:. 4994:. 4976:^ 4958:. 4954:. 4930:^ 4906:^ 4884:. 4872:^ 4825:. 4815:. 4803:. 4797:. 4785:^ 4768:, 4717:. 4706:^ 4637:→ 4623:→ 4609:, 4593:→ 4579:→ 2534:) 2204:. 2188:. 2164:, 1756:, 1665:, 1553:. 1518:. 1367:. 1359:, 1355:, 1351:, 1327:, 1295:. 1283:, 1279:, 1239:, 866:. 731:A 713:A 652:, 625:, 621:, 617:, 613:, 605:, 375:, 338:: 218:Pg 6706:) 6366:) 6362:( 5886:e 5879:t 5872:v 5844:. 5762:. 5758:: 5698:. 5664:. 5644:: 5613:7 5594:7 5577:. 5524:. 5482:: 5474:: 5466:: 5442:. 5411:. 5357:. 5345:: 5250:. 5246:: 5227:. 5193:. 5164:. 5121:. 5117:: 5111:8 5090:. 5058:. 5033:. 5027:: 5006:. 4970:. 4924:. 4900:. 4867:. 4847:. 4833:. 4811:: 4754:. 4729:. 2528:( 2305:( 1909:( 1883:( 1220:( 1184:( 1150:( 1130:( 1087:( 1067:( 1049:( 1029:( 1009:( 971:( 959:( 914:' 908:' 812:. 801:. 519:2 515:1 512:+ 510:1 496:( 489:2 485:1 482:+ 480:4 223:N 213:K 208:J 203:T 198:P 193:C 188:D 183:S 178:O 173:Ꞓ 143:) 137:( 132:) 128:( 118:· 111:· 104:· 97:· 70:. 45:. 38:. 20:)

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