354:(probably modern Moldavia and Wallachia) until 376, when one of their leaders, Fritigern, appealed to the Roman emperor Valens to be allowed to settle with his people on the south bank of the Danube. The vision that there, they hoped to find refuge from the Huns, is today contested by historians. It is more likely that they settled because of peace negotiations following the first Gothic War. Valens permitted this. However, a famine broke out and Rome was unwilling to supply them with the food they were promised nor the land; open revolt ensued leading to 6 years of plundering and destruction throughout the Balkans, the death of a Roman Emperor and the destruction of an entire Roman army. The
2185:
524:
104:
both before and after Gothic settlement there, and that the
Thervingi sometimes had forest-related personal names such as Vidigoia, Veduco and Vidimir, the first part of whose names he believes to be cognate with English "wood". In contrast, the name of the other Gothic people known from this period,
575:
is that the two names, Vesi and
Tervingi, are found in different places in the list, "a clear indication that we are dealing with two different army units, which must also presumably mean that they are, after all, perceived as two different peoples". Peter Heather has written that Wolfram's position
358:
in 378 was the decisive moment of the war. The Roman forces were slaughtered; the
Emperor Valens was killed during the fighting, shocking the Roman world and eventually forcing the Romans to negotiate with and settle the Barbarians on Roman land, a new trend with far reaching consequences for the
105:
the
Greuthungi, may mean "steppe-people", with an etymology connected to a word for sand or gravel. Both names are only found from the 3rd century until the late 4th or early 5th. (After these times, Gothic peoples are recording with new names, most notably the Visigoths and Ostrogoths.)
216:
This panegyric can be interpreted in different ways. After mentioning
Moorish peoples fighting each other, it turns to Europe where two different conflicts are described in a way which makes it unclear which conflict the Tervingi were involved in: "The Goths utterly destroy the
381:
Chernyakhov settlements cluster in open ground in river valleys. The houses include sunken-floored dwellings, surface dwellings, and stall-houses. The largest known settlement (Budesty) is 35 hectares. Most settlements are open and unfortified; some forts are also known.
579:
Wolfram believes that the terms
Thervingi and Greuthungi were older geographical identifiers used by each tribe to describe the other - exonyms for the traditional territory. The terminology therefore dropped out of use after the Goths were displaced by the
328:" (implying he was a leader of the Greuthingi) was compelled to flee, and then make a peace agreement in the middle of the Danube, promising to never set foot on Roman soil. In later parts of his text however, Ammianus describes Athanaric as a judge (
194:". This was therefore sometimes argued to be the first record of the Tervingi. However, apart from the reconstructions needed, historians today believe this document was made around 400, and thus 100 years later.
256:) contained Taifali, Vicotali, and Tervingi. However, once again the texts which have survived have major variants: Terbingi, Tervulgi, Terviginti and ΀ΔÏÎČÎŻÏαÎč (Tervitai). This would place the Tervingi near the
108:
Some scholars have proposed that the name "Thervingi" may have pre-Pontic, Scandinavian, origins. Wolfram cites the example of J. Svennung who believed that the
Tervingi were Scandinavian "ox people".
584:. In contrast he proposes that the terms "Vesi" and "Ostrogothi" were used as endonyms by the peoples to boastfully describe themselves. Thus, the Thervingi would have called themselves Vesi.
237:". The passage is normally interpreted as explaining to the reader that the Tervingi were a type of Goth, and involved in the second of the two conflicts, fighting against Vandals and Gepids.
62:. They were one of the main components of the large movement of Goths and other peoples over the Danube in 376, and they are seen as one of the most important ancestral groups of the
320:
In 369, Valens finally penetrated deep into the Gothic territory, winning a series of skirmishes with
Greuthungi, who are mentioned here for the first time in a classical record.
401:
burials; among the latter the head is to the north. Some graves were left empty. Grave goods often include pottery, bone combs, and iron tools, but almost never any weapons.
568:, the primary sources either use the terminology of Thervingi/Greuthungi or Vesi/Ostrogothi and never mix the pairs, except in cases where there was a mistake.
435:
to the
Thervingi. This spread fast enough that several Therving kings and their supporters persecuted the Christian Thervingi, as attested by the story of
1095:
373:
In time and geographical area, the
Thervingi and their neighbors the Greuthungi correspond to the archaeological SĂźntana de MureĆ-Chernyakhov Culture.
260:, north of the Danube, which is consistent with what is known of the likely positions of the Taifali, Gepids and Vandals mentioned in the panegyric.
2142:
2160:
280:
decisively defeated the Goths. After that time, substantial numbers of valuable Roman gold medallions were distributed in Gothic territories from
648:
1241:
1051:
1024:
867:
805:
765:
757:
664:
1203:
2209:
2165:
1373:
299:, who had died in 366. However, he was unable to hit them directly, because apparently the bulk of the Goths retreated to the
2155:
1423:
1228:
1088:
1304:
2170:
1183:
393:
SĂźntana de MureĆ cemeteries show the same basic characteristics as other Chernyakhov cemeteries. These include both
1331:
134:
2188:
1368:
1275:
1268:
1246:
1081:
345:
1408:
1393:
1208:
1193:
277:
1010:
791:
1523:
1413:
1403:
1398:
1218:
1198:
1155:
656:
512:
197:
The Thervingi, along with several other Gothic groups they are distinguished from, are first mentioned in a
138:
1925:
1358:
1353:
1336:
1280:
1175:
1223:
1113:
273:
245:
884:
Roman Gold Medallions in Barbaricum. Symbols of power and prestige of Germanic elite in Late Antiquity.
58:, another Gothic people from east of the Dniester, and they also had significant interactions with the
581:
225:
wear arms for the conquered, and the Tervingi too, another group of Goths, with the help of a band of
1314:
1285:
1188:
355:
306:
288:, and have been discovered by archaeologists. They demonstrate the Roman influence among the Goths.
2150:
1363:
414:
368:
317:). In the following year, the flooding of the Danube prevented the Romans from crossing the river.
296:
210:
2219:
1533:
1385:
1324:
1213:
1145:
1121:
556:
678:
Tervingi... Gothic confederation which took control of modern Moldavia and Wallachia c.300â20...
427:'s Bible translation may provide clues. Some months and days were holy, and cult observance and
690:
295:
attacked the Thervingi north of the Danube river in retribution for their having supported the
176:" peoples is given who had been conquered by the emperor when he earned his title "Gothicus": "
1309:
1160:
1135:
1047:
1020:
863:
857:
801:
761:
753:
660:
436:
410:
150:
75:
1732:
1104:
455:
169:
81:
1043:
The Visigoths from the Migration Period to the Seventh Century: An Ethnographic Perspective
1341:
1319:
1263:
1233:
1117:
508:
494:
490:
420:
301:
180:". These words are traditionally edited by modern editors to include well-known peoples: "
100:
that such geographical names were used to distinguish Gothic peoples living north of the
2214:
2015:
1799:
1463:
1150:
565:
126:
93:
2203:
1876:
1774:
1737:
1697:
1563:
1292:
1251:
984:
644:
97:
1468:
1458:
1441:
1258:
474:
462:
432:
154:
122:
59:
44:
906:, Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 86; Heather, Peter & Matthews, John, 1991,
1041:
1014:
898:
book 27, chapter 5, 5-9; Further reading for this episode: Heather, Peter, 1996,
795:
1950:
1908:
1831:
1744:
1612:
1602:
1513:
1297:
478:
477:, but a powerful, created being. This belief was in opposition to the tenets of
390:
SĂźntana de MureĆ cemeteries are better known than SĂźntana de MureĆ settlements.
281:
257:
218:
172:
article for Emperor Claudius Gothicus (reigned 268-270), the following list of "
158:
1016:
Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth
797:
Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth
141:
itself. However, the Goths were defeated in battle that summer near the modern
2127:
1915:
1898:
1846:
1836:
1821:
1789:
1779:
1657:
1607:
1483:
1478:
1446:
1165:
710:, trans. T. J. Dunlop (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988), p. 25.
604:
398:
324:
who was, in this passage, described by Ammianus as their most powerful judge "
55:
2122:
2117:
2107:
2040:
1945:
1841:
1804:
1754:
1707:
1702:
1652:
1592:
1518:
1508:
1488:
1451:
1436:
623:
598:
551:, Visigoths have traditionally been treated as successors of the Thervingi.
548:
540:
394:
321:
198:
101:
63:
313:) and even implies that all of them fled, horror-struck, to the mountains (
268:
According to Jordanes, who does not mention the Tervingi, the Gothic ruler
2095:
2080:
2060:
2045:
2025:
2000:
1985:
1980:
1960:
1930:
1920:
1871:
1861:
1856:
1687:
1672:
1647:
1627:
1597:
1587:
1582:
1553:
1548:
1538:
1473:
1431:
1140:
536:
532:
458:
222:
202:
173:
162:
153:
that September. Over the next three years they were driven back over the
146:
130:
48:
240:
Another almost certainly third century record of the Tervingi is in the
2112:
2100:
2090:
2065:
2055:
2050:
2030:
2020:
1995:
1935:
1893:
1866:
1784:
1717:
1712:
1692:
1682:
1637:
1632:
1622:
1617:
1558:
1543:
1493:
504:
481:, which achieved a religious monopoly in the late 4th and 5th century.
444:
428:
424:
351:
285:
269:
230:
226:
523:
2132:
2085:
2070:
2035:
2010:
1975:
1970:
1903:
1888:
1826:
1764:
1749:
1727:
1677:
1667:
1662:
1575:
1570:
1528:
1498:
610:
440:
332:) of the Tervingi, who was attacked by Greuthungi who had joined the
292:
234:
190:
883:
689:
Schöfeld, Wörterbuch der altgermanischen personen- und völkernamen,
1073:
205:(285â305), delivered in or shortly after 291 (perhaps delivered at
2005:
1990:
1965:
1955:
1940:
1883:
1851:
1816:
1811:
1769:
1759:
1642:
1503:
1346:
522:
500:
466:
448:
249:
206:
186:
182:
142:
40:
92:", equivalent to English "tree", and thus means "forest people".
2075:
1722:
561:
333:
178:
peuci trutungi austorgoti uirtingi sigy pedes celtae etiam eruli
1077:
470:
902:, Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 62; Heather, Peter, 1991,
554:
In defense of this equation, Herwig Wolfram, interprets the
121:
The Thervingi were possibly among the Goths who invaded the
419:
The original religion of the Thervingi is Wodinism, though
461:, at the time in power in the Eastern Empire, a branch of
431:
were compulsory with their piety. Roman prisoners brought
856:
Nixon, C. E. V.; Rodgers, Barbara Saylor (January 1994),
800:. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 201â212.
910:, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, pp. 17â26.
859:
In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyrici Latini
571:
On the other hand, another recent interpretation of the
564:
with the Thervingi in the period 388â391; According to
309:
says that Valens could not find anyone to fight with (
543:
as the heirs of the 4th-century Thervingian "judge" (
862:, University of California Press, pp. 100â101,
2141:
1422:
1384:
1174:
1128:
949:, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, pp. 52â54.
315:
omnes formidine perciti... montes petivere Serrorum
209:on 20 April 292). It was traditionally ascribed to
311:nullum inveniret quem superare poterat vel terrere
975:Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, pp. 54â56.
185:, Grutungi, Austrogoti, Tervingi, Visi, Gipedes,
936:8th version, (Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2016): 43.
576:is "entirely arguable, but so is the opposite".
718:
716:
527:Gutthiuda, the country of Visigoths (Thervingi)
1089:
962:Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, p. 54.
8:
830:
828:
826:
1120:origin primarily identified as speakers of
971:Heather, Peter & Matthews, John, 1991,
958:Heather, Peter & Matthews, John, 1991,
945:Heather, Peter & Matthews, John, 1991,
702:
700:
698:
359:eventual fall of the Western Roman Empire.
305:(which is probably the south Carpathians).
125:in the year 268. This invasion overran the
1096:
1082:
1074:
84:in 1911, and still widely cited, the name
932:Pieter Hoppenbrouwers and Wim Blockmans,
157:in a series of campaigns by the emperors
88:was probably related to the Gothic word "
1019:. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 219.
535:who described the Visigothic kings from
248:from 369. He wrote that the province of
51:River in the 3rd and the 4th centuries.
2161:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
653:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
636:
786:
784:
782:
7:
1046:, Boydell & Brewer, p. 75,
503:, the Thervinigi spoke Thervinigi
350:The Thervingi remained in western
96:agrees with the older position of
43:people of the plains north of the
14:
272:was forced to sign a treaty with
54:They had close contacts with the
2184:
2183:
454:Settled in Dacia, the Thervingi
80:According to a proposal made by
2166:Christianization of Scandinavia
947:The Goths in the Fourth Century
934:Introduction to Medieval Europe
776:Zosimus, Historia Nova, I, 42.1
531:Based upon the medieval writer
519:Relationship with the Visigoths
451:into Gothic during this exile.
2156:Christianization of the Franks
1229:Continental Germanic mythology
1040:Heather, Heather, ed. (1999),
651:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
149:border and then routed in the
1:
1000:Heather, pp. 52â57, 300â301.
973:Goths in the Fourth Century,
960:Goths in the Fourth Century,
735:, 9, 8) cites 320.000 armed;
2171:Christianization of Iceland
908:Goths in the Fourth Century
882:Aleksander BURSCHE (2000),
439:, and many of whom fled to
2236:
733:Breviarium ab urbe condita
488:
408:
366:
343:
291:In 367, the Roman Emperor
73:
2179:
1111:
1409:North Germanic languages
1394:Germanic parent language
904:Goths and Romans 332â489
1414:West Germanic languages
1404:East Germanic languages
1399:Proto-Germanic language
1219:Proto-Germanic folklore
1156:Romano-Germanic culture
923:book 31, chapter 4, 13.
722:Wolfram pp.387â388 n58.
657:Oxford University Press
2210:Early Germanic peoples
1011:Christensen, Arne SĂžby
919:Ammianus Marcellinus,
894:Ammianus Marcellinus,
792:Christensen, Arne SĂžby
528:
513:East Germanic language
31:(sometimes pluralised
1224:Anglo-Saxon mythology
1114:Ethnolinguistic group
873:. See also footnotes.
752:Bari, 1973, p. 560.
613:(chieftain, died 391)
526:
469:was not an aspect of
443:in the Roman Empire.
326:iudicem potentissimum
276:in 332 after his son
274:Constantine the Great
229:join battle with the
991:, book 2, chapter 5.
708:History of the Goths
356:Battle of Adrianople
346:Gothic War (376â382)
340:Gothic War (376â382)
307:Ammianus Marcellinus
159:Claudius II Gothicus
137:and even threatened
2151:Gothic Christianity
1066:Passion of St. Saba
731:Also Eutropius (in
499:As a branch of the
465:that believed that
423:'s martyrology and
415:Gothic Christianity
369:Chernyakhov culture
211:Claudius Mamertinus
168:In the problematic
1534:Germani cisrhenani
1242:Funerary practices
1146:Pre-Roman Iron Age
1122:Germanic languages
557:Notitia Dignitatum
529:
377:Settlement pattern
2197:
2196:
1369:Gothic and Vandal
1161:Germanic Iron Age
1136:Nordic Bronze Age
1118:Northern European
744:Santo Mazzarino.
437:Wereka and Batwin
411:Germanic paganism
297:usurper Procopius
151:Battle of Naissus
76:Name of the Goths
2227:
2187:
2186:
2143:Christianization
1733:Ripuarian Franks
1105:Germanic peoples
1098:
1091:
1084:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1007:
1001:
998:
992:
982:
976:
969:
963:
956:
950:
943:
937:
930:
924:
917:
911:
892:
886:
880:
874:
872:
853:
847:
841:
835:
832:
821:
818:
812:
811:
788:
777:
774:
768:
751:
742:
736:
729:
723:
720:
711:
704:
693:
687:
681:
680:
675:
673:
641:
582:Hunnic invasions
386:Burial practices
221:, and again the
170:Historia Augusta
82:Moritz Schönfeld
47:and west of the
2235:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2175:
2137:
1418:
1380:
1342:Gothic alphabet
1234:Norse mythology
1170:
1124:
1107:
1102:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1009:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
983:
979:
970:
966:
957:
953:
944:
940:
931:
927:
918:
914:
893:
889:
881:
877:
870:
855:
854:
850:
842:
838:
833:
824:
820:Guizot, I, 357.
819:
815:
808:
790:
789:
780:
775:
771:
749:
746:L'impero romano
743:
739:
730:
726:
721:
714:
705:
696:
688:
684:
671:
669:
667:
643:
642:
638:
633:
626:(c. 376âc. 380)
620:
595:
590:
521:
497:
495:Gothic alphabet
491:Gothic language
489:Main articles:
487:
447:translated the
417:
409:Main articles:
407:
388:
379:
371:
365:
348:
342:
302:Montes Serrorum
266:
201:to the emperor
127:Roman provinces
119:
114:
78:
72:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2233:
2231:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1800:Thracian Goths
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1428:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1151:Roman Iron Age
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1058:
1052:
1032:
1025:
1002:
993:
989:Church History
977:
964:
951:
938:
925:
912:
887:
875:
868:
848:
836:
822:
813:
806:
778:
769:
737:
724:
712:
694:
682:
665:
645:Heather, Peter
635:
634:
632:
629:
628:
627:
619:
616:
615:
614:
608:
602:
594:
591:
589:
586:
566:Herwig Wolfram
560:to equate the
520:
517:
486:
483:
406:
403:
387:
384:
378:
375:
367:Main article:
364:
361:
344:Main article:
341:
338:
278:Constantine II
265:
264:Fourth century
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94:Herwig Wolfram
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1775:Crimean Goths
1773:
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1738:Salian Franks
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1176:Early culture
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1053:9780851157627
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1026:9788772897103
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985:Philostorgius
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869:9780520083264
865:
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844:Genethl. Max.
840:
837:
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809:
807:9788772897103
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799:
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766:88-420-2401-5
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758:88-420-2377-9
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668:
666:9780191744457
662:
658:
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630:
625:
622:
621:
618:Rebel leaders
617:
612:
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583:
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569:
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538:
534:
525:
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516:
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511:, an extinct
510:
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175:
171:
166:
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144:
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136:
132:
128:
124:
117:Third century
116:
111:
109:
106:
103:
99:
98:Franz Altheim
95:
91:
87:
83:
77:
69:
67:
65:
61:
57:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1794:
1469:Anglo-Saxons
1459:Adrabaecampi
1442:Bucinobantes
1184:Architecture
1065:
1061:
1042:
1035:
1015:
1005:
996:
988:
980:
972:
967:
959:
954:
946:
941:
933:
928:
920:
915:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
878:
858:
851:
843:
839:
834:Wolfram, 24.
816:
796:
772:
750:(in Italian)
745:
740:
732:
727:
707:
685:
677:
670:. Retrieved
652:
639:
578:
572:
570:
555:
553:
544:
530:
498:
463:Christianity
453:
433:Christianity
421:Saba or Sava
418:
392:
389:
380:
372:
349:
329:
325:
319:
314:
310:
300:
290:
267:
253:
241:
239:
215:
196:
181:
177:
167:
155:Danube River
123:Roman Empire
120:
107:
89:
85:
79:
60:Roman Empire
53:
45:Lower Danube
36:
32:
28:
24:
20:
18:
16:Gothic tribe
1909:Nahanarvali
1832:Hilleviones
1745:Frisiavones
1613:Cananefates
1603:Burgundians
1514:Banochaemae
1364:Anglo-Saxon
1315:Anglo-Saxon
1281:Anglo-Saxon
1264:Anglo-Saxon
1247:Anglo-Saxon
607:(chieftain)
593:Pagan kings
479:Catholicism
363:Archaeology
282:Netherlands
258:Carpathians
219:Burgundians
2204:Categories
2128:Vinoviloth
1916:Marcomanni
1899:Helveconae
1877:HeaĂ°obards
1847:Istvaeones
1837:Ingaevones
1822:Hermunduri
1790:Ostrogoths
1780:Greuthungi
1658:Chattuarii
1484:Angrivarii
1479:Ampsivarii
1447:Lentienses
1276:Literature
1166:Viking Age
921:Res Gestae
896:Res Gestae
672:26 January
649:"Tervingi"
631:References
605:Rothesteus
429:ceremonies
399:inhumation
242:Breviarium
74:See also:
56:Greuthungi
2220:Visigoths
2123:Vidivarii
2118:Victohali
2108:Vangiones
2041:Thuringii
1946:Nuithones
1842:Irminones
1805:Visigoths
1795:Thervingi
1755:Gambrivii
1708:Dulgubnii
1703:Dauciones
1653:Chasuarii
1593:Brondings
1519:Bastarnae
1509:Baiuvarii
1489:Armalausi
1452:Raetovari
1386:Languages
1354:Symbology
1214:Folklore
1209:Festivals
900:The Goths
706:Wolfram,
624:Fritigern
601:(369â381)
599:Athanaric
549:Athanaric
541:Alaric II
395:cremation
322:Athanaric
246:Eutropius
199:panegyric
189:etiam et
147:Slovenian
135:Illyricum
102:Black Sea
70:Etymology
64:Visigoths
39:) were a
37:Thervings
21:Thervingi
2189:Category
2096:Hasdingi
2081:Usipetes
2061:Tubantes
2046:Toxandri
2026:Tencteri
2001:Suarines
1986:Sicambri
1981:Semnones
1961:Reudigni
1931:Mattiaci
1921:Marsacii
1872:Lombards
1862:Lacringi
1857:Juthungi
1688:Corconti
1673:Cherusci
1648:Charudes
1628:Chaedini
1598:Bructeri
1583:Bateinoi
1554:Eburones
1549:Condrusi
1544:Caeroesi
1539:Atuatuci
1474:Ambrones
1437:Brisgavi
1432:Alemanni
1310:Paganism
1199:Clothing
1194:Calendar
1141:Germania
1013:(2002).
794:(2002).
647:(2018).
537:Alaric I
533:Jordanes
485:Language
459:Arianism
405:Religion
223:Alamanni
203:Maximian
174:Scythian
163:Aurelian
131:Pannonia
86:Tervingi
49:Dniester
33:Tervings
29:Teruingi
25:Tervingi
2113:Varisci
2101:Silingi
2091:Vandals
2066:Tulingi
2056:Triboci
2051:Treveri
2031:Teutons
2021:Taifals
1996:Sitones
1936:Nemetes
1894:Helisii
1867:Lemovii
1785:Gutones
1718:Firaesi
1713:Favonae
1693:Cugerni
1683:Cobandi
1638:Chamavi
1633:Chaemae
1623:Casuari
1618:Caritni
1588:Betasii
1559:Paemani
1494:Auiones
1359:Warfare
1337:Scripts
1305:Numbers
1129:History
588:Leaders
573:Notitia
505:dialect
475:Trinity
473:in the
456:adopted
445:Wulfila
425:Wulfila
352:Scythia
286:Ukraine
270:Ariaric
231:Vandals
227:Taifali
143:Italian
112:History
2133:Warini
2086:Vagoth
2071:Tungri
2036:Thelir
2016:Swedes
2011:Sunici
1976:Saxons
1971:Rugini
1904:Manimi
1889:Diduni
1827:Heruli
1765:Gepids
1750:Frisii
1728:Franks
1678:Cimbri
1668:Chauci
1663:Chatti
1576:Nervii
1571:Morini
1529:Belgae
1524:Batavi
1499:Avarpi
1464:Angles
1424:Groups
1374:Viking
1320:Gothic
1298:Gothic
1204:Family
1050:
1023:
866:
846:17, 1.
804:
764:
756:
663:
611:Eriulf
509:Gothic
441:Moesia
293:Valens
235:Gepids
187:Celtae
139:Italia
41:Gothic
2215:Goths
2006:Suebi
1991:Sciri
1966:Rugii
1956:Quadi
1941:Njars
1926:Marsi
1884:Lugii
1852:Jutes
1817:Harii
1812:Gutes
1770:Goths
1760:Geats
1698:Danes
1643:Chali
1564:Segni
1504:Baemi
1347:Runes
1332:Rings
1325:Norse
1293:Names
1286:Norse
1269:Norse
1252:Norse
691:p.222
545:iudex
501:Goths
467:Jesus
449:Bible
330:iudex
252:now (
250:Dacia
207:Trier
191:Eruli
183:Peuci
27:, or
2076:Ubii
1723:Fosi
1608:Buri
1048:ISBN
1021:ISBN
864:ISBN
802:ISBN
762:ISBN
760:and
754:ISBN
674:2020
661:ISBN
562:Vesi
493:and
413:and
397:and
334:Huns
254:nunc
233:and
161:and
133:and
90:triu
19:The
1951:Osi
1259:Law
1189:Art
1116:of
539:to
507:of
471:God
284:to
244:of
129:of
35:or
2206::
987:,
825:^
781:^
748:.
715:^
697:^
676:.
659:.
655:.
547:)
515:.
336:.
213:.
165:.
66:.
23:,
1236:)
1097:e
1090:t
1083:v
1029:.
810:.
145:-
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