603:. Pausanias' force narrowly defeated Thrasybulus' men, but only with great effort, and, unwilling to push the issue, he arranged a settlement between the forces of Thrasybulus and the oligarchs in the city. Democracy was restored, while those oligarchs who wished to do so withdrew to Eleusis. In power, Thrasybulus pushed through a law which pardoned all but a few of the oligarchs, preventing a brutal reprisal by the victorious democrats. For his actions, Thrasybulus was awarded an olive crown by his countrymen.
588:, the port of Athens. There, he fortified the Munychia, a hill that dominated the port, and awaited the coming attack. The forces of the Thirty, supported by the Spartan garrison, marched to Piraeus to attack him. Thrasybulus and his men were outnumbered 5 to 1, but held a superior position and presumably benefited from consternation amidst the ranks of the oligarchs. In the battle, the exiles put the oligarchic forces to flight, killing
499:
Thrasybulus landed his own force to temporarily relieve pressure on
Alcibiades, and meanwhile ordered Theramenes to join up with Athenian land forces nearby and bring them to reinforce the sailors and marines on the beach. The Spartans and Persians, overwhelmed by the arrival of multiple forces from several directions, were defeated and driven off, and the Athenians captured all the Spartan ships which were not destroyed.
475:
729:
fast to his beliefs after the tide of history had turned against him, and who rose to his peak of prominence at his country's darkest hour. Throughout his two decades of prominence, whether in or out of leadership, Thrasybulus remained a steady advocate of traditional
Athenian imperial democracy, and he died fighting for the same cause he was advocating on his first appearance in 411.
678:
was soon in the
Hellespont, threatening Athens' grain supply. Peace was quickly concluded, on the same terms that the Athenians had rejected in 392 BC; Thrasybulus' campaigns, though impressively successful in spreading Athenian influence, had little long-term effect, since they prompted Persia to force the Athenians to give up what they had gained.
435:
new generals who were believed to be more steadfast in their support of democracy, Thrasybulus and
Thrasyllus among them. The army, stating that they had not revolted from the city but that the city had revolted from them, resolved to stand by the democracy while continuing to prosecute the war against
709:
John Fine points to the clemency shown by
Thrasybulus and other democrats in the wake of their victory over the Thirty as a key contribution towards reestablishing stable government in Athens. While many city-states throughout the Greek world broke down into vicious cycles of civil war and reprisal,
699:
Throughout his career, Thrasybulus defended democracy at Athens against its opponents. He was one of the few prominent citizens whom the
Samians trusted to defend their democracy, and whom the fleet selected to lead it through the troubled time of conflict with the 400. Later, in his opposition to
695:
and R. J. Buck, have tended to support this analysis, pointing to the role that
Thrasybulus played in crafting Athenian strategy in all these battles, and specifically to the decisive action he took at Cyzicus, which saved Alcibiades's force from being swamped, and turned a potential Athenian defeat
677:
The gains that
Thrasybulus made on this campaign were soon reversed, however, by Persian intervention. Alarmed by the sudden reappearance of something resembling the Athenian empire that had driven them from the Aegean in the 5th century BC, the Persians began supporting Sparta, and a Persian fleet
498:
appeared in their rear to cut off their retreat. The
Spartans were forced to flee to a nearby beach, where Alcibiades landed his men in an attempt to seize the Spartan ships. The Spartans, however, with the assistance of a Persian army, began to drive this Athenian force into the sea; seeing this,
434:
A ship was dispatched to Athens to notify the city of this success against the oligarchs. Upon its arrival, however, the crew was arrested, as the news of a democratic victory was far from welcome to the new oligarchic government. Learning of this, the army at Samos deposed its generals and elected
704:
This most noble action, then, is entirely
Thrasybulus's; for when the Thirty Tyrants, appointed by the Lacedaemonians, kept Athens oppressed in a state of slavery, and had partly banished from their country, and partly put to death, a great number of the citizens whom fortune had spared in the war,
580:
and his followers, who assisted him in preparing for a return to Athens. In 403 BC, he led a party of 70 exiles to seize Phyle, a defensible location on the border of Attica and Boeotia. A storm prevented the forces of the Thirty from expelling him immediately, and numerous exiles flocked to join
728:
Thrasybulus was a capable general, particularly successful in naval warfare, and a competent speaker, but was frequently overshadowed or pushed aside by more charismatic or spectacularly successful leaders. Buck has compared him to Winston Churchill, another advocate of imperial policies who held
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Thus Thrasybulus won praise as an Athenian patriot and staunch, principled democrat. He has been criticized by modern historians, however, for failing to recognize that Athens in the 4th century BC could not sustain an imperial policy. R. J. Buck suggests that Thrasybulus, who came of age in the
442:
One of the first actions Thrasybulus took as general was to bring about the recall of Alcibiades, a policy that he had supported since before the coup. After persuading the sailors to support his plan, Thrasybulus sailed to retrieve Alcibiades and returned with him to Samos. The aim of this policy
422:
Upon their return to Athens, the conspirators succeeded in ending democratic rule and imposing an oligarchy of 400 rulers. At Samos, however, the coup did not go forward as smoothly. Samian democrats learned of the conspiracy and notified four prominent Athenians, the generals Leon and Diomedon,
418:
A dispute has arisen among modern historians over Thrasybulus' involvement in this plot. Donald Kagan has suggested that Thrasybulus was one of the founding members of the scheme and was willing to support moderate oligarchy, but was alienated by the extreme actions taken by the plotters. R. J.
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a Spartan garrison and then the forces of the oligarchy. In the wake of these victories, democracy was re-established at Athens. As a leader of this revived democracy in the 4th century BC, Thrasybulus advocated a policy of resistance to Sparta and sought to restore Athens' imperial power. He was
541:
to rescue the survivors. This operation was thwarted, however, by a sudden storm which drove the rescue force to land, and a great number of Athenians—estimates as to the precise figure have ranged from near 1,000 to as many as 5,000—drowned. The result was one of the great Athenian political
542:
scandals of the war, which culminated in a vicious debate between Theramenes and the generals at Athens over who was to blame for the disaster, after which the generals were executed. Thrasybulus, for unknown reasons, seems to have had very little involvement in this debate.
599:, and the oligarchs within Athens began squabbling amongst themselves. New leaders were selected, but were unable to deal with Thrasybulus, and were forced to send to Sparta for help. The Spartans, however, did not send the aggressive Lysander, but the more conservative
331:
of Steiria in Athens. He was probably born between 455 and 441 BC, although dates as late as the later 430s BC have been suggested. He was married, and had two children. Several facts make it clear that he was from a wealthy family; he held the office of
467:, he commanded the right wing of the fleet and prevented Athenian defeat by extending his flank to prevent encirclement; the battle ended in Athenian victory. Shortly afterwards Thrasybulus again commanded a wing of the Athenian fleet at the
343:
By 411 Thrasybulus had established a reputation as a pro-democracy politician. Throughout his career, Thrasybulus consistently advocated several policies. He was a proponent of Athenian imperialism and expansionism and a strong supporter of
581:
him. When the Spartan garrison of Athens, supported by Athenian cavalry, was sent out to oppose him, Thrasybulus led his force, now 700 strong, in a surprise daybreak raid on their camp, killing 120 Spartans and putting the rest to flight.
518:. This defeat led to the downfall and exile of Alcibiades. Thrasybulus was either removed from command on the spot by Alcibiades or not reelected at the end of his term; either way, he was out of office from then until the end of the war.
494:, a stunning Athenian victory. In this battle, the Athenians drew the Spartan fleet out to pursue a small force led by Alcibiades; when the Spartans had gotten a good distance from land, two squadrons under the command of Thrasybulus and
42:
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Athens remained united and democratic, without interruption, until near the end of the 3rd century BC, and democracy, albeit interrupted several times by conquest or revolution, continued there until Roman times, several centuries later.
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into a stunning victory. R. J. Buck has suggested that Thrasybulus suffered from an "anti-democratic tradition of ancient historiography," which led many writers to minimize the accomplishments of one of democracy's strongest advocates.
666:, where a democratic government was struggling against Sparta. On this campaign, Thrasybulus relaid much of the framework for an Athenian empire on 5th century BC model; he captured Byzantium, imposed a duty on ships passing through the
399:
empire began to rebel, and a Peloponnesian fleet sailed to assist them. Seeking to contain the crisis, Athens tapped its reserve fund to rebuild its fleet and dispatched what ships it had to establish an advance naval base at Samos.
615:. Thrasybulus seems to have advocated a more radically democratic policy than the populace was willing to accept at the time; he called for reinstating pay for political service, and sought to extend citizenship to all the
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Thrasybulus has been widely recognized as a successful military commander. Most of the major ancient historians assigned credit for the dramatic Athenian victories of 411 BC to Alcibiades, but a few, such as
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from exile, and the two worked together extensively over the next several years. In 411 and 410, Thrasybulus was in command along with Alcibiades and others at several critical Athenian naval victories.
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faction. According to the historical account provided by Xenophon, he was murdered by locals during the night while acting as general of a military expedition on its way to Rhodes while on a stopover in
415:, who had been exiled by the democratic government. These oligarchs initiated their plans at Samos, where they successfully encouraged a number of Samian oligarchs to begin a similar conspiracy.
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elected him as a general, making him a primary leader of the ultimately successful democratic resistance to the coup. As general, he was responsible for recalling the controversial nobleman
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in the ranks. With the support of these men and the Athenian soldiers and sailors in general, the Samian democrats were able to defeat the conspirators when they attempted to seize power.
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Thrasybulus had been one of the first to oppose the oligarchy and had been exiled to Thebes shortly after its rise to power. There, he was welcomed and supported by the Theban leader
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called Thrasybulus "the greatest of all famous Athenians" for overthrowing the Thirty as well as his other exploits, making clear that he thought him greater than even Pericles.
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the Thirty Tyrants, Thrasybulus risked his life when few others would, and his actions were responsible for the quick restoration of democracy. In the words of Cornelius Nepos,
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without returning to Athens. Thrasybulus, leading the faction that sought to reject the peace offer, regained his position atop Athenian politics. In 389 BC, he led a force of
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and foreigners who had fought alongside him against the Thirty. He was initially cautious about offending Sparta, but, when Persian support became available at the start of the
646:
Thrasybulus largely faded from view for several years as Conon led the Athenian fleet to a series of victories, but in 392 BC Conon was imprisoned by the Persian satrap
486:: Thrasybulus and Theramenes bring their squadrons in behind the Spartans to cut off their retreat towards Cyzicus, while Alcibiades turns to face the pursuing force.
419:
Buck, on the other hand, maintains that Thrasybulus was probably never involved in the plot, possibly because he was absent from Samos at the time of its inception.
533:. That battle was a major Athenian victory; after the battle, the generals in charge took the majority of their ships to attack the Peloponnesian fleet blockading
623:, he became an advocate of aggressive action, and about this time seems to have regained his preeminence in Athenian politics. He initiated the rebuilding of the
725:
were at their fullest extent, never accepted that the devastating losses Athens had suffered in the Peloponnesian War made the return of those times impossible.
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described Thrasybulus as a man who was "bold in counsel." During his period of prominence within the democracy, he seems to have led what might now be termed a
611:
In the revived democracy established in 403 BC, Thrasybulus became a major and prestigious leader, although he was soon superseded at the head of the state by
670:, and collected tribute from many of the islands of the Aegean. In 388 BC, as he led his fleet South through the Aegean, his soldiers ravaged the fields of
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1406:
565:. This government executed a number of citizens and deprived all but a few of their rights, eventually growing so extreme that even the moderate oligarch
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and had divided their confiscated property among themselves, he was not only the first, but the only man at the commencement, to declare war against them.
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at Athens who had long desired to overthrow the democracy there began to agitate publicly for a change of government, and formed a conspiracy to bring an
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Five days later, Thrasybulus led his force, which had already grown to the point that he could leave 200 men at Phyle while taking 1,000 with him, to
336:, which involved significant personal expenditures on several occasions, and in the 4th century BC his son was able to pay a substantial fine of 10
502:
In 409 and 408, Thrasybulus remained in command, but his actions are difficult to trace. He appears to have spent much of the time campaigning in
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Almost nothing is known of Thrasybulus's background or early life. His father was named Lycus, and he was a native of the
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451:. Alcibiades was elected as general alongside Thrasybulus and the others. Shortly after this, following the revolt of
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395:. In the wake of this defeat, Athens found itself facing a crisis of unprecedented magnitude. Cities throughout its
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In the months following these events, Thrasybulus commanded the Athenian fleet in several major engagements. At the
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635:; these two defeats, however, damaged his political stature, and he was replaced at the head of the state by
554:, Athens was forced to surrender, ending the Peloponnesian War. In the wake of this surrender, the Spartan
382:
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627:, which had been demolished at the end of the Peloponnesian War, and commanded the Athenian contingents at
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674:. In retaliation, the Aspendians raided the Athenian camp by night; Thrasybulus was killed in his tent.
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fell afoul of the government and was executed. Fearing for their lives, numerous Athenians fled to
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in 406 BC. There, he was a trierarch in the Athenian relief fleet sent out to assist the admiral
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on account of his soldiers' recent transgressions against local farmers and their farmsteads.
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upon Athens. In 404 BC, he commanded a small force of exiles that invaded the Spartan-ruled
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support from the Spartans, as it was believed that Alcibiades had great influence with
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notes that he had "the loudest voice of the Athenians." And the Athenian general
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imposed a strict oligarchic government on Athens, which came to be known as the
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482:: Alcibiades' decoy force (blue) lures the Spartan fleet (black) out to sea.
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Thrasybulus receiving an olive crown for his successful campaign against the
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Thrasybulus was again in command of a squadron of the Athenian fleet at the
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This article is about the Athenian general. For the tyrant of Miletus, see
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Thrasybulus and the Athenian Democracy: the Life of an Athenian Statesman
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Henry Dickinson Westlake and Simon Hornblower, "Thrasybulus", from the
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1379:. Historia Einzelschriften. Vol. 120. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.
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killed in 388 BC while leading an Athenian naval force during the
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510:; this siege had to be lifted, however, after the Spartans under
352:, Thrasybulus was one of the "great and distinguished orators."
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1018:, 459) gives the number as "perhaps a thousand", while Fine (
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1410:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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to levy tribute from cities around the Aegean and support
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From the Perseus Project. Translated by C.H. Oldfather.
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After this victory, the remainder of the Thirty fled to
851:"Aristotle, Rhetoric, book 2, chapter 23, section 29"
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to power in Athens. Their plans included recalling
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1285:. Translated by Arthur Wallace Pickard – via
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521:Thrasybulus did return to action, however, at the
16:Athenian general and politician (c. 440 – 388 BC)
1212:The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History, 522–525
721:heady days when the democracy and empire under
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1347:
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1022:, 515) states it as "between 4,000 and 5,000"
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282:coup at Athens, the pro-democracy sailors at
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1241:, Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth ed.
643:had ended Sparta's dreams of naval empire.
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1491:
1483:
1394:Caspari, Maximilian Otto Bismarck (1911).
40:
29:
1060:
1058:
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822:"Demosthenes, on the Crown, section 219"
1423:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
1160:The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History
986:, 410–413. See also Diodorus Siculus,
737:
1438:Hornblower, S.; Spawforth, A. (2003).
1419:The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History
1252:Thrasybulus and the Athenian Democracy
1199:Thrasybulus and the Athenian Democracy
1186:Thrasybulus and the Athenian Democracy
1132:Thrasybulus and the Athenian Democracy
1119:Thrasybulus and the Athenian Democracy
1106:Thrasybulus and the Athenian Democracy
1087:Thrasybulus and the Athenian Democracy
1033:Thrasybulus and the Athenian Democracy
1003:Thrasybulus and the Athenian Democracy
896:Thrasybulus and the Athenian Democracy
650:while attending a peace conference at
403:In this general atmosphere of crisis,
278:leader. In 411 BC, in the wake of an
550:In 404 BC, following a defeat at the
7:
514:defeated the main Athenian fleet at
1444:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1812:Athenians of the Peloponnesian War
1283:The Public Orations of Demosthenes
478:The Athenian strategy at Cyzicus.
310:and, in successive battles, first
23:. For the tyrant of Syracuse, see
14:
713:The second-century travel writer
1802:Ancient Greek political refugees
1325:History of the Peloponnesian War
654:; although released, he died in
204:
1441:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
323:Personal life and early career
1:
1089:, 71–79. See also Xenophon,
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67:
592:, the leader of the Thirty.
471:, another Athenian victory.
302:, imposed by the victorious
294:After Athens' defeat in the
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1468:. New York: Penguin Books.
1239:Oxford Classical Dictionary
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1797:Ancient Athenian generals
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389:Athenian expedition force
348:democracy. According to
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1792:4th-century BC Athenians
1787:5th-century BC Athenians
1314:Translated by J.C. Rolfe
1415:Fine, J. V. A. (1983).
1407:Encyclopædia Britannica
529:, who was blockaded at
383:Athenian coup of 411 BC
25:Thrasybulus of Syracuse
1278:"On the Embassy"
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1616:Demetrius of Phalerum
1465:The Peloponnesian War
1225:Description of Greece
1173:The Peloponnesian War
1016:The Peloponnesian War
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750:The Peloponnesian War
552:Battle of Aegospotami
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387:In 413 BC, a massive
270:440 – 388 BC) was an
1375:Buck, R. J. (1998).
807:On the False Embassy
21:Thrasybulus (tyrant)
1397:"Thrasybulus"
1357:Henry Graham Dakyns
1311:Life of Thrasybulus
1067:Life of Thrasybulus
682:Historical opinions
639:, whose victory at
523:Battle of Arginusae
465:Battle of Cynossema
391:was obliterated in
148:Battle of Arginusae
133:Battle of Cynossema
78:388 BC (aged 53-67)
1807:Athenian democracy
1227:, paragraph 1.29.3
1073:2006-01-27 at the
1020:The Ancient Greeks
839:Life of Alcibiades
546:The Thirty Tyrants
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165:Battle of Munychia
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385:
379:
371:Eurymedon River
325:
207:
203:
193:
182:Battle of Nemea
160:Battle of Phyle
83:
79:
59:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1825:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1456:
1450:
1435:
1429:
1412:
1402:Chisholm, Hugh
1391:
1385:
1370:
1369:Modern sources
1367:
1366:
1365:
1340:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1243:
1230:
1215:
1203:
1190:
1177:
1164:
1151:
1136:
1123:
1110:
1097:
1078:
1052:
1037:
1024:
1007:
994:
975:
960:
945:
930:
915:
900:
887:
881:Donald Kagan,
874:
856:
842:
827:
813:
795:
780:
757:
736:
734:
731:
683:
680:
621:Corinthian War
608:
605:
563:Thirty Tyrants
547:
544:
460:
457:
381:Main article:
378:
377:Coup of 411 BC
375:
324:
321:
317:Corinthian War
300:Thirty Tyrants
195:
194:
192:
191:
190:
189:
184:
177:Corinthian War
174:
173:
172:
167:
162:
155:Phyle Campaign
152:
151:
150:
145:
140:
135:
124:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
76:
72:
71:
65:
61:
60:
52:Andrea Alciato
48:Thirty Tyrants
45:
37:
36:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1824:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:388 BC deaths
1780:
1779:
1777:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1477:
1475:0-670-03211-5
1471:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1451:0-19-866172-X
1447:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1430:0-674-03314-0
1426:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1386:3-515-07221-7
1382:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1004:
998:
995:
992:
989:
985:
979:
976:
973:
970:
964:
961:
958:
955:
949:
946:
943:
940:
934:
931:
928:
925:
919:
916:
913:
910:
904:
901:
897:
891:
888:
884:
878:
875:
872:
869:
863:
861:
857:
852:
846:
843:
840:
836:
831:
828:
823:
817:
814:
811:
808:
804:
799:
796:
793:
790:
784:
781:
778:
775:
774:
769:
764:
762:
758:
755:
752:
751:
746:
741:
738:
732:
730:
726:
724:
718:
716:
711:
706:
701:
697:
694:
690:
681:
679:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
607:Later actions
606:
604:
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
582:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
557:
553:
545:
543:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
497:
493:
485:
481:
476:
472:
470:
466:
458:
456:
454:
450:
446:
440:
438:
432:
430:
426:
420:
416:
414:
410:
406:
401:
398:
394:
390:
384:
376:
374:
372:
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
341:
339:
335:
330:
322:
320:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
264:
258:
252:
246:
201:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
178:
175:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
157:
156:
153:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
125:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
77:
73:
66:
62:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
31:
26:
22:
1740:
1731:Themistocles
1651:Eratosthenes
1571:Callistratus
1556:Aristogeiton
1464:
1440:
1418:
1405:
1376:
1359:– via
1349:
1346:(c. 1890s).
1334:– via
1324:
1309:
1297:
1282:
1251:
1246:
1238:
1233:
1224:
1218:
1211:
1210:J. V. Fine,
1206:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1172:
1167:
1159:
1158:J. V. Fine,
1154:
1144:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1113:
1105:
1100:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1065:
1045:
1040:
1032:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1002:
997:
987:
983:
978:
968:
963:
953:
952:Thucydides,
948:
938:
937:Thucydides,
933:
923:
922:Thucydides,
918:
908:
907:Thucydides,
903:
895:
894:R. J. Buck,
890:
882:
877:
867:
866:Thucydides,
845:
830:
816:
806:
798:
788:
787:Thucydides,
783:
771:
748:
740:
727:
719:
712:
708:
703:
698:
693:Donald Kagan
685:
676:
645:
610:
594:
583:
575:
549:
520:
501:
489:
483:
479:
462:
449:Tissaphernes
441:
433:
421:
417:
402:
386:
342:
326:
293:
274:general and
263:Thrasyboulos
199:
198:
121:Battles/wars
84:(modern-day
1741:Thrasybulus
1721:Pisistratus
1631:Demosthenes
1591:Cleisthenes
1581:Chremonides
1516:politicians
1273:Demosthenes
1223:Pausanias,
803:Demosthenes
405:aristocrats
350:Demosthenes
257:Θρασύβουλος
200:Thrasybulus
34:Thrasybulus
1776:Categories
1761:Xanthippus
1746:Thucydides
1736:Theramenes
1671:Hypereides
1666:Hyperbolus
1621:Demochares
1561:Aristophon
1536:Alcibiades
1361:Wikisource
1336:Wikisource
1319:Thucydides
1287:Wikisource
1261:References
1143:Xenophon,
1044:Xenophon,
967:Xenophon,
745:Thucydides
668:Hellespont
625:Long Walls
567:Theramenes
539:Theramenes
496:Theramenes
459:In command
425:Thrasyllus
413:Alcibiades
288:Alcibiades
280:oligarchic
276:democratic
101:Allegiance
70:455-441 BC
1756:Timotheus
1696:Moerocles
1691:Miltiades
1646:Ephialtes
1641:Echedemos
1576:Charmides
1551:Aristides
1541:Andocides
1531:Agyrrhius
1526:Aeschines
1460:Kagan, D.
1350:Hellenica
1162:, 553–555
1148:4.8.25–30
1145:Hellenica
1134:, 115–118
1121:, 100–105
1091:Hellenica
1046:Hellenica
969:Hellenica
957:8.105–106
773:Hellenica
715:Pausanias
648:Tiribazus
601:Pausanias
409:oligarchy
346:Periclean
334:trierarch
115:Strategos
56:Emblemata
1751:Timoleon
1711:Philinus
1706:Pericles
1686:Lysicles
1681:Lycurgus
1626:Democles
1596:Cleophon
1566:Autocles
1546:Archinus
1462:(2003).
1344:Xenophon
1071:Archived
991:13.50–51
835:Plutarch
768:Xenophon
723:Pericles
672:Aspendus
660:triremes
613:Archinus
578:Ismenias
559:Lysander
531:Mytilene
512:Lysander
367:Aspendus
362:populist
354:Plutarch
312:defeated
304:Spartans
272:Athenian
81:Aspendos
50:. From
1716:Phocion
1656:Eubulus
1611:Demades
1606:Critias
1404:(ed.).
1299:Library
1171:Kagan,
1108:, 79–83
1035:, 56–60
1014:Kagan (
988:Library
982:Kagan,
898:, 27–28
633:Coronea
597:Eleusis
590:Critias
586:Piraeus
556:navarch
508:Phocaea
445:Persian
429:hoplite
369:on the
338:talents
90:Antalya
1701:Nicias
1676:Laches
1661:Hagnon
1472:
1448:
1427:
1383:
1352:
1327:
1250:Buck,
1197:Buck,
1184:Buck,
1130:Buck,
1117:Buck,
1104:Buck,
1085:Buck,
1031:Buck,
1001:Buck,
792:8.73.4
754:8.75.2
664:Rhodes
656:Cyprus
652:Sardis
641:Cnidus
617:metics
571:Thebes
516:Notium
504:Thrace
453:Euboea
437:Sparta
397:Aegean
393:Sicily
308:Attica
105:Athens
94:Turkey
1726:Solon
1636:Draco
1601:Cleon
1586:Cimon
1400:. In
1254:, 123
1201:, 122
1175:, 414
885:, 385
733:Notes
637:Conon
629:Nemea
535:Conon
527:Conon
484:Right
358:Conon
284:Samos
251:Greek
86:Serik
1470:ISBN
1446:ISBN
1425:ISBN
1381:ISBN
1188:, 39
1005:, 46
942:8.97
927:8.81
912:8.76
871:8.73
631:and
480:Left
329:deme
111:Rank
75:Died
64:Born
1094:2.4
1049:2.3
972:1.1
810:280
777:4.8
233:juː
54:'s
1778::
1321:.
1308:,
1296:,
1281:.
1275:.
1055:^
859:^
837:,
805:,
770:,
760:^
747:,
573:.
439:.
340:.
319:.
268:c.
266:;
253::
249:;
92:,
88:,
68:c.
1506:e
1499:t
1492:v
1478:.
1454:.
1433:.
1389:.
1363:.
1338:.
1289:.
853:.
824:.
245:/
242:s
239:ə
236:l
230:b
227:ˈ
224:ɪ
221:s
218:æ
215:r
212:θ
209:ˌ
206:/
202:(
96:)
58:.
27:.
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