407:, who had previously had jurisdiction over Galloway; but the new bishopric survived, and York had a new suffragan, an important step in the battle between York and Canterbury over the primacy, which was mainly a battle over the prestige of their respective sees. The number of bishops subject to either archbishop was an important factor in the reputation of each. In 1133, Thurstan, who had received papal permission to found an entirely new diocese, consecrated
2532:
430:
2560:
2496:
2484:
2508:
366:. Calixtus had earlier promised Henry that he would not consecrate Thurstan without the king's permission, which had still not been granted. Enraged at this, the king refused to allow the newly consecrated archbishop to enter England, and Thurstan remained for some time on the continent in the company of the pope. While he was travelling with the pope, he also visited
2520:
477:
In 2024 evidence emerged that
Thurstan had been acclaimed as a saint: his name was found, associated with a feast day of 6 February, in an ancient catalogue of saints' days at Pontefract Priory. At the time the pope's approval was not needed for sainthood; the monks at Pontefract exhumed his body two
374:
on
England as a punishment if the papal bull was not obeyed. At length, Thurstan's friends, including Adela, succeeded in reconciling him with Henry, and he rejoined the king in Normandy. At Easter 1120, he escorted Adela to the monastery of Marcigny, where she retired from active secular affairs. He
548:
Thurstan is described by the historian Edmund King as "a bishop like no other. Thurstan and the baronage of
Yorkshire had been partners in a common enterprise, their security in this world and their salvation in the next, and to all aspects of his role he had shown a complete commitment." His death
350:
in 1116 the
English king ordered Thurstan to submit to Canterbury, but instead Thurstan publicly resigned the archbishopric. On his way to the council, Thurstan had received letters from Paschal II that supported York and commanded that he should be consecrated without a profession. Similar letters
370:, King Henry's sister, who was also Thurstan's spiritual daughter. At about this same time, Calixtus issued two bulls in Thurstan's favor: one released York from Canterbury's supremacy forever, and the other demanded the king allow Thurstan to return to York. The pope threatened an
395:, who was the lord or sub-king of Galloway, in what is now Scotland. In this Thurstan secured another suffragan, and Fergus gained a bishop in his lordship, where previously ecclesiastical matters in his subkingdom had been handled by Scottish bishops. The first bishop was the
351:
had gone to Ralph d'Escures from the pope, ordering Ralph, as
Archbishop of Canterbury, to consecrate Thurstan. After the news of the letters became public, Thurstan's resignation was ignored, and he continued to be considered the archbishop-elect.
218:
was delayed for five years while he fought attempts by the
Archbishop of Canterbury to assert primacy over York. Eventually, he was consecrated by the pope instead and allowed to return to England. While archbishop, he secured two new
545:, to become Bishop of London, Thurstan replied, "If we consider his life and reputation, it would be much more fitting to remove him from his abbacy than to promote him to be bishop of London." Anselm was not confirmed as bishop.
453:. Thurstan did not take direct part in the battle., but he created the standard that gave the battle its name, by putting a ship's mast in a cart and hanging the banners of Saint Peter of York, Saint
1865:
2605:
422:, was his superior, and did not help with William's consecration. The dispute between the two continued, and both archbishops carried their complaints in person to Rome twice. In 1126,
1858:
525:
at several points in her career, and tried to persuade her to become the first prioress of his foundation of St. Clement's. He was a patron to the
Augustinian
478:
years after his death and, finding it well-preserved, acclaimed him as a saint. This detail was lost in the destruction of monasteries' possessions during the
449:
in 1138 between
England and Scotland. It was Thurstan who mustered the army which defeated the Scots at the Battle of the Standard on 22 August 1138 near
227:
as king. Thurstan also defended the northern part of
England from invasion by the Scots, taking a leading part in organising the English forces at the
2358:
1756:
1851:
465:, the daughter of Henry I and Stephen's rival for the throne. On 21 January 1140 Thurstan resigned his see and entered the order of the Cluniacs at
338:, refused to consecrate Thurstan unless the archbishop-elect made a profession of obedience to the southern see. This was part of the long-running
346:. Henry I refused to allow him to make the journey, but even without a personal appeal from Thurstan, Paschal decided against Canterbury. At the
2548:
1526:
2279:
264:
2304:
2443:
2363:
1650:
1545:
1507:
1485:
1466:
1360:
1341:
1313:
1236:
1217:
1195:
1173:
1151:
1323:
Dawtry, Anne (1982). "The
Benedictine Revival in the North: The Last Bulwark of Anglo-Saxon Monasticism". In Mews, Stuart (ed.).
342:, which started in 1070. Thurstan refused to make such a profession, and asked the king for permission to go to Rome to consult
2378:
280:
2061:
2620:
2610:
2343:
2066:
2001:
2474:
426:
ruled in favour of York. The pope based his decision on the fact that Canterbury's supporting documents had been forged.
2600:
2021:
1961:
1500:
Domesday Descendants: A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents, 1066–1166: Pipe Rolls to Cartae Baronum
533:, another Augustinian house. He was a sincere reformer and opposed to the election of unfit men to the episcopacy. When
311:
2625:
2031:
1918:
1790:
Baker, L. G. D. (1975). "The Genesis of English Cistercian Chronicles: The Foundation-history of Fountains Abbey II".
1205:
1777:
Baker, L. G. D. (1969). "The Genesis of English Cistercian Chronicles: The Foundation-history of Fountains Abbey I".
1718:
298:, and served both William Rufus and Henry I as a royal clerk. At some point in Thurstan's early career, he visited
1674:
1301:
542:
433:
A monument at the site of the Battle of the Standard, where the troops Thurstan had mustered defeated the Scots.
2393:
2383:
2373:
2186:
1557:
1183:
1161:
331:
518:
408:
2413:
2323:
2311:
2201:
2161:
339:
306:, and it was Henry who obtained Thurstan's election as Archbishop of York in August 1114. He was ordained a
2585:
2454:
2221:
2216:
2196:
2181:
2071:
347:
248:
228:
503:
2590:
2269:
2259:
1951:
1495:
522:
442:
437:
Thurstan supported King Stephen after Henry I's death in 1135, and appeared at Stephen's first court at
207:
2566:
510:
a papal privilege of protection as well as giving his privilege to the abbey. He also helped found the
2595:
2398:
2006:
1971:
1941:
28:
2500:
2368:
2348:
2338:
2244:
2121:
2106:
1996:
1981:
1454:
479:
412:
82:
2536:
2488:
2126:
1946:
1875:
1823:
1743:
1735:
1691:
1574:
637:
530:
419:
392:
388:
384:
224:
211:
203:
164:
46:
335:
2615:
2408:
2146:
2036:
1816:
1646:
1638:
1626:
1541:
1522:
1503:
1481:
1462:
1356:
1337:
1309:
1289:
1232:
1213:
1191:
1169:
1147:
538:
367:
359:
295:
256:
140:
113:
72:
2524:
2461:
2403:
2289:
2211:
2141:
2026:
2011:
1966:
1956:
1913:
1893:
1727:
1683:
1595:
1566:
1371:
1332:
Duggan, Charles (1965). "From the Conquest to the Death of John". In Lawrence, C. H. (ed.).
1255:
561:
534:
454:
423:
396:
355:
319:
284:
220:
24:
1392:
302:, where he vowed to become a Cluniac monk later in his life. Thurstan also served Henry as
2531:
2388:
2333:
2318:
2294:
2116:
2091:
2056:
2046:
1936:
1833:
1807:
664:
Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300: Volume 1: St. Paul's, London: Prebendaries: Cantlers
565:
554:
514:
462:
343:
315:
100:
231:(1138). Shortly before his death, Thurstan resigned from his see and took the habit of a
23:
This page is about Thurstan of Bayeux (1070 – 1140) who became Archbishop of York.
2512:
2423:
2353:
2284:
2264:
2254:
2249:
2206:
2166:
2151:
2136:
2131:
2111:
2101:
2086:
2081:
2076:
1898:
1434:
429:
362:, championed Thurstan's case, and on 19 October 1119 he was consecrated by Calixtus at
244:
1716:
Spear, David S. (Spring 1982). "The Norman Empire and the Secular Clergy, 1066-1204".
1665:
The House of Lords in the Middle Ages: A History of the English House of Lords to 1540
1413:
387:
was its lack of suffragan bishops. Thurstan managed to secure the resurrection of the
2579:
2433:
2428:
2418:
2299:
2226:
2171:
2156:
1747:
1695:
1281:
604:
450:
2448:
2438:
2051:
1908:
1704:
1660:
526:
507:
215:
1843:
1613:
1273:
469:
and he died there on 6 February 1140. He was buried in the church at Pontefract.
267:. Thurstan's mother was named Popelina. Thurstan was born sometime about 1070 in
2328:
2176:
2096:
1976:
1884:
550:
511:
400:
232:
2483:
1555:
LoPrete, Kimberly A. (Winter 1990). "The Anglo-Norman Card of Adela of Blois".
1259:
223:
bishops for his province. When Henry I died, Thurstan supported Henry's nephew
2274:
1687:
1599:
1247:
466:
291:
252:
196:
160:
128:
1587:
1293:
564:, who became an archdeacon at York, and in 1154 was accused of the murder of
214:
of England before his election to the see of York in 1114. Once elected, his
2495:
2191:
1536:
Lawrence, C. H. (1965). "The Thirteenth Century". In Lawrence, C. H. (ed.).
499:
371:
1231:. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
529:, founded by his predecessor at York, as well as helping the foundation of
1630:
2016:
1757:"'Unambiguous Proof': Medieval Archbishop Revealed as Lost English Saint"
1336:(1999 Reprint ed.). Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing. pp. 63–116.
633:
446:
276:
1986:
1903:
1578:
491:
458:
303:
1739:
1540:(1999 reprint ed.). Stroud: Sutton Publishing. pp. 117–156.
1991:
621:
438:
404:
307:
272:
268:
260:
136:
1672:
Rose, R. K. (1982). "Cumbrian Society and the Anglo-Norman Church".
1570:
1731:
1399:. Vol. 1: St. Paul's, London. Institute of Historical Research
1378:. Vol. 1: St. Paul's, London. Institute of Historical Research
461:
of Ripon on the mast. The Scots had invaded, attempting to aid the
1166:
The English Church 1066–1154: A History of the Anglo-Norman Church
495:
428:
418:
Thurstan refused to accept that the new Archbishop of Canterbury,
363:
299:
1355:(Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
588:
391:, or Whithorn, in 1125. It is possible that he compromised with
1847:
279:. Before 1104 the father was given the prebend of Cantlers by
2542:
517:, by giving the site to monks who had been expelled from the
1325:
Studies in Church History 18: Religion and National Identity
1351:
Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996).
779:
British History Online Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300
494:
and founded several religious houses. He founded the first
1286:
Church, Kingship, and Lay Investiture in England 1089–1135
616:
Anger or Auger former Norman first name, today surname
591:'s stone'; there are different spellings of it :
2472:
1441:. Vol. 6: York. Institute of Historical Research
1420:. Vol. 6: York. Institute of Historical Research
1210:
England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075–1225
290:
Early in his career, Thurstan held the prebendary of
251:
in London named Anger, Auger or Ansgar, who held the
1538:
The English Church and the Papacy in the Middle Ages
1334:
The English Church and the Papacy in the Middle Ages
2235:
1927:
1882:
1229:
Monastic and Religious Orders in Britain: 1000–1300
178:
170:
147:
124:
119:
106:
93:
88:
78:
68:
60:
52:
38:
490:Thurstan gave land to many of the churches of his
1645:(Second ed.). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
940:Duggan "From the Conquest to the Death of John"
2606:12th-century English Roman Catholic archbishops
1327:. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. pp. 87–98.
832:
830:
828:
802:
800:
620:(without -s, Angers with -s means a native of
1859:
1288:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
1094:
1092:
690:Spear "Norman Empire and the Secular Clergy"
607:surnames. Thurstan is its anglicised version.
537:asked Thurstan's opinion on the elevation of
8:
1711:. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
1643:From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087–1216
1144:The Troubled Reign of King Stephen 1135–1154
881:
879:
877:
863:
861:
859:
755:Greenway "Prebendaries: Consumpta-per-Mare"
16:12th-century Anglo-Norman Archbishop of York
673:
671:
583:This name was basically the old Norse name
1866:
1852:
1844:
1803:
1623:Thurstan: Archbishop of York (1114 - 1140)
1032:England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings
910:
908:
838:England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
354:Over the next three years, the new popes,
35:
1521:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
1461:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
568:, one of Thurstan's successors at York.
202: – 6 February 1140) was a medieval
2555:
2479:
1592:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1252:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1188:The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216
821:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
745:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
702:
700:
655:
576:
506:between 1125 and 1133. He obtained for
375:was recalled to England in early 1121.
206:, the son of a priest. He served kings
1190:(Fourth ed.). New York: Longman.
1308:(Third ed.). New York: Longman.
869:Church, Kingship, and Lay Investiture
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
553:of the civil war between Stephen and
7:
1439:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
1418:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
1397:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300
1376:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300
1126:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
757:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300
1709:The Governance of Mediaeval England
1457:(2001). Frost, Amanda Clark (ed.).
287:, and the family moved to England.
1667:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
1393:"Prebendaries: Consumpta-per-Mare"
383:One of the main weaknesses of the
14:
1755:Tapper, James (3 February 2024).
1124:Greenway "Archdeacons: Richmond"
557:and led to a breakdown in order.
445:. Thurstan negotiated a truce at
2558:
2530:
2518:
2506:
2494:
2482:
1588:"Flambard, Ranulf (c.1060–1128)"
1146:. New York: Barnes & Noble.
521:. Thurstan helped the hermitess
310:in December 1114 and ordained a
2379:Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt
1212:. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
411:as the first bishop of the new
59:
1502:. Ipswich, UK: Boydell Press.
1353:Handbook of British Chronology
808:Handbook of British Chronology
759:: Volume 1: St. Paul's, London
1:
1084:Monastic and Religious Orders
1058:Monastic and Religious Orders
1043:Dawtry "Benedictine Revival"
1018:Tapper "'Unambiguous proof'"
942:English Church and the Papacy
403:. This provoked the wrath of
152:
1614:UK public library membership
1274:UK public library membership
1045:Studies in Church History 18
898:LoPrete "Anglo-Norman Card"
1594:. Oxford University Press.
1480:. London: Pearson/Longman.
1433:Greenway, Diana E. (1999).
1412:Greenway, Diana E. (1999).
1391:Greenway, Diana E. (1968).
1370:Greenway, Diana E. (1968).
1254:. Oxford University Press.
405:Wimund, Bishop of the Isles
2642:
1719:Journal of British Studies
1476:Huscroft, Richard (2005).
692:Journal of British Studies
603:, still existing today as
243:Thurstan was the son of a
1830:
1821:
1813:
1806:
1688:10.1017/S0424208400016089
1675:Studies in Church History
1625:. York: Stonegate Press.
1142:Appleby, John T. (1995).
916:Studies in Church History
819:Mason "Flambard, Ranulf"
543:Abbot of Bury St. Edmunds
519:Abbey of St. Mary's, York
45:
1663:; Wallis, Keith (1968).
1621:Nicholl, Donald (1964).
1586:Mason, J. F. A. (2004).
1478:Ruling England 1042–1217
1372:"Prebendaries: Cantlers"
1248:"Thurstan (c.1070–1140)"
914:Rose "Cumbrian Society"
451:Northallerton, Yorkshire
332:Archbishop of Canterbury
259:. Another son of Anger,
27:became the first Norman
1435:"Archdeacons: Richmond"
955:Domesday to Magna Carta
777:Greenway "Archbishops"
340:Canterbury-York dispute
2310:Episcopacy abolished (
2222:Christopher Bainbridge
2062:Roger de Pont L'Évêque
1808:Catholic Church titles
1792:Analecta Cisterciensia
1779:Analecta Cisterciensia
1306:King Stephen 1135–1154
1260:10.1093/ref:odnb/27411
1246:Burton, Janet (2004).
1227:Burton, Janet (1994).
560:Thurstan's nephew was
434:
229:Battle of the Standard
151:6 February 1140 (aged
64:21 January 1140 (res.)
2621:William II of England
2611:People of The Anarchy
2547:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
1600:10.1093/ref:odnb/9667
1517:King, Edmund (2010).
1496:Keats-Rohan, K. S. B.
1168:. New York: Longman.
523:Christina of Markyate
432:
326:Controversy and exile
2399:William Connor Magee
2344:Sir William Dawes Bt
2067:Geoffrey Plantagenet
1455:Hollister, C. Warren
708:Domesday Descendants
348:Council of Salisbury
29:Abbot of Glastonbury
2601:Archbishops of York
2369:Robert Hay Drummond
2349:Lancelot Blackburne
2122:Thomas of Corbridge
2107:William de Wickwane
2057:William FitzHerbert
2047:William FitzHerbert
1876:Archbishops of York
1703:Richardson, H. G.;
1206:Bartlett, Robert C.
389:Diocese of Galloway
83:Waltheof of Melrose
2626:Henry I of England
2127:William Greenfield
1824:Archbishop of York
1639:Poole, Austin Lane
966:Powell and Wallis
743:Burton "Thurstan"
636:name, the same as
531:Bridlington Priory
515:Abbey of Fountains
435:
420:William de Corbeil
393:Fergus of Galloway
314:on 6 June 1115 by
292:Consumpta per mare
204:Archbishop of York
182:Anger and Popelina
47:Archbishop of York
2470:
2469:
2457:(acting diocesan)
2162:Richard le Scrope
2147:Alexander Neville
1840:
1839:
1831:Succeeded by
1612:(subscription or
1528:978-0-300-11223-8
1282:Cantor, Norman F.
1272:(subscription or
539:Anselm of St Saba
296:diocese of London
193:Turstin of Bayeux
186:
185:
141:Duchy of Normandy
2633:
2571:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2551:
2535:
2534:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2499:
2498:
2487:
2486:
2478:
2462:Stephen Cottrell
2404:William Maclagan
2290:George Montaigne
2236:Post-Reformation
2212:Thomas Rotherham
2142:John of Thoresby
2027:Thomas of Bayeux
1914:John of Beverley
1868:
1861:
1854:
1845:
1814:Preceded by
1804:
1799:
1786:
1764:
1751:
1712:
1699:
1668:
1661:Powell, J. Enoch
1656:
1634:
1617:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1582:
1551:
1532:
1513:
1491:
1472:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1366:
1347:
1328:
1319:
1297:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1242:
1223:
1201:
1179:
1157:
1129:
1128:: Volume 6: York
1122:
1116:
1109:
1103:
1096:
1087:
1080:
1074:
1067:
1061:
1054:
1048:
1041:
1035:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1003:
997:
990:
984:
977:
971:
964:
958:
951:
945:
938:
932:
925:
919:
912:
903:
896:
890:
883:
872:
865:
854:
847:
841:
834:
823:
817:
811:
804:
795:
788:
782:
781:: Volume 6: York
775:
760:
753:
747:
741:
724:
717:
711:
704:
695:
688:
682:
675:
666:
660:
645:
614:
608:
581:
562:Osbert de Bayeux
549:occurred during
535:Pope Innocent II
502:when he founded
455:John of Beverley
424:Pope Honorius II
397:native Galwegian
320:Bishop of Durham
285:Bishop of London
265:Bishop of Évreux
225:Stephen of Blois
201:
157:
154:
133:
120:Personal details
36:
25:Thurstan of Caen
2641:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2570:from Wikisource
2564:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2550:sister projects
2549:
2541:
2529:
2519:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2394:William Thomson
2389:Charles Longley
2384:Thomas Musgrave
2374:William Markham
2334:Thomas Lamplugh
2319:Accepted Frewen
2295:Samuel Harsnett
2237:
2231:
2187:Richard Fleming
2117:Henry of Newark
2092:William Langton
1929:
1928:Pre-Reformation
1923:
1878:
1872:
1836:
1834:William of York
1827:
1819:
1802:
1789:
1776:
1772:
1770:Further reading
1767:
1754:
1715:
1702:
1671:
1659:
1653:
1637:
1620:
1611:
1604:
1602:
1585:
1571:10.2307/4051390
1554:
1548:
1535:
1529:
1516:
1510:
1494:
1488:
1475:
1469:
1453:
1444:
1442:
1432:
1423:
1421:
1411:
1402:
1400:
1390:
1381:
1379:
1369:
1363:
1350:
1344:
1331:
1322:
1316:
1302:Davis, R. H. C.
1300:
1280:
1271:
1264:
1262:
1245:
1239:
1226:
1220:
1204:
1198:
1182:
1176:
1160:
1154:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1097:
1090:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1064:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1038:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1004:
1000:
991:
987:
978:
974:
965:
961:
952:
948:
939:
935:
926:
922:
913:
906:
897:
893:
884:
875:
866:
857:
848:
844:
835:
826:
818:
814:
805:
798:
789:
785:
776:
763:
754:
750:
742:
727:
718:
714:
705:
698:
689:
685:
676:
669:
661:
657:
653:
648:
615:
611:
582:
578:
574:
566:William of York
488:
475:
463:Empress Matilda
413:see of Carlisle
381:
344:Pope Paschal II
336:Ralph d'Escures
328:
316:Ranulf Flambard
241:
199:
159:
155:
143:
134:
131:
111:
110:19 October 1119
101:Ranulf Flambard
98:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2639:
2637:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2527:
2515:
2503:
2491:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2424:Michael Ramsey
2421:
2416:
2414:William Temple
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2359:Matthew Hutton
2356:
2354:Thomas Herring
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2324:Richard Sterne
2321:
2316:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2285:Tobias Matthew
2282:
2280:Matthew Hutton
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Edmund Grindal
2262:
2257:
2255:Nicholas Heath
2252:
2250:Robert Holgate
2247:
2241:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:Lawrence Booth
2204:
2202:George Neville
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:Thomas Langley
2164:
2159:
2154:
2152:Thomas Arundel
2149:
2144:
2139:
2137:William Zouche
2134:
2132:William Melton
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2112:John le Romeyn
2109:
2104:
2102:Walter Giffard
2099:
2094:
2089:
2087:Godfrey Ludham
2084:
2082:Sewal de Bovil
2079:
2077:Walter de Gray
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1787:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1752:
1732:10.1086/385787
1713:
1700:
1669:
1657:
1651:
1635:
1618:
1583:
1565:(4): 569–589.
1552:
1546:
1533:
1527:
1514:
1508:
1492:
1486:
1473:
1467:
1451:
1430:
1409:
1388:
1367:
1361:
1348:
1342:
1329:
1320:
1314:
1298:
1278:
1243:
1237:
1224:
1218:
1202:
1196:
1180:
1174:
1158:
1152:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1117:
1104:
1100:Troubled Reign
1088:
1075:
1071:English Church
1062:
1049:
1036:
1023:
1011:
998:
994:Ruling England
985:
981:Feudal Kingdom
972:
968:House of Lords
959:
946:
933:
929:English Church
920:
904:
891:
873:
855:
851:English Church
842:
824:
812:
806:Fryde, et al.
796:
792:English Church
783:
761:
748:
725:
712:
696:
683:
667:
654:
652:
649:
647:
646:
609:
575:
573:
570:
487:
484:
474:
471:
380:
377:
368:Adela of Blois
327:
324:
240:
237:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
149:
145:
144:
135:
126:
122:
121:
117:
116:
108:
104:
103:
95:
91:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
43:
42:
39:
34:
33:
31:in circa 1077.
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2638:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Anglo-Normans
2584:
2583:
2581:
2569:
2568:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2455:Paul Ferguson
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Stuart Blanch
2432:
2430:
2429:Donald Coggan
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:Cyril Garbett
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2305:John Williams
2303:
2301:
2300:Richard Neile
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2227:Thomas Wolsey
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:Thomas Savage
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2197:William Booth
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Philip Morgan
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2172:Robert Hallam
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2157:Robert Waldby
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Simon Langton
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Ælfric Puttoc
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:Sayles, G. O.
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1652:0-19-821707-2
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1549:
1547:0-7509-1947-7
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1509:0-85115-863-3
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1487:0-582-84882-2
1483:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1468:0-300-08858-2
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1419:
1415:
1414:"Archbishops"
1410:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1362:0-521-56350-X
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1343:0-7509-1947-7
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1315:0-582-04000-0
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1238:0-521-37797-8
1234:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1219:0-19-822741-8
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1197:0-582-49504-0
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:Barlow, Frank
1181:
1177:
1175:0-582-50236-5
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:Barlow, Frank
1159:
1155:
1153:1-56619-848-8
1149:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1002:
999:
995:
989:
986:
982:
976:
973:
969:
963:
960:
956:
950:
947:
943:
937:
934:
930:
924:
921:
917:
911:
909:
905:
901:
895:
892:
888:
882:
880:
878:
874:
870:
864:
862:
860:
856:
852:
846:
843:
839:
833:
831:
829:
825:
822:
816:
813:
809:
803:
801:
797:
793:
787:
784:
780:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
762:
758:
752:
749:
746:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
726:
722:
716:
713:
709:
703:
701:
697:
693:
687:
684:
680:
674:
672:
668:
665:
659:
656:
650:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
613:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
580:
577:
571:
569:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:Hexham Priory
524:
520:
516:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
485:
483:
481:
472:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
431:
427:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
376:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
238:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
213:
209:
205:
198:
194:
190:
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:
163:, Yorkshire,
162:
150:
146:
142:
138:
130:
127:
123:
118:
115:
112:by Pope
109:
105:
102:
96:
92:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
55:
51:
48:
44:
37:
32:
30:
26:
21:
20:
19:
2591:1070s births
2565:
2544:
2501:Christianity
2453:
2449:John Sentamu
2439:John Habgood
2364:John Gilbert
2312:Commonwealth
2309:
2270:Edwin Sandys
2260:Thomas Young
2052:Henry Murdac
2041:
1874:Bishops and
1841:
1822:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1778:
1761:The Guardian
1760:
1723:
1717:
1708:
1679:
1673:
1664:
1642:
1622:
1603:. Retrieved
1591:
1562:
1556:
1537:
1519:King Stephen
1518:
1499:
1477:
1458:
1443:. Retrieved
1438:
1424:14 September
1422:. Retrieved
1417:
1403:14 September
1401:. Retrieved
1396:
1382:14 September
1380:. Retrieved
1375:
1352:
1333:
1324:
1305:
1285:
1263:. Retrieved
1251:
1228:
1209:
1187:
1165:
1143:
1125:
1120:
1113:King Stephen
1112:
1107:
1099:
1083:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1039:
1031:
1026:
1020:The Guardian
1019:
1014:
1007:King Stephen
1006:
1001:
993:
988:
980:
975:
967:
962:
954:
949:
941:
936:
928:
923:
915:
899:
894:
886:
868:
850:
845:
837:
820:
815:
807:
791:
786:
778:
756:
751:
744:
720:
715:
707:
706:Keats-Rohan
691:
686:
678:
663:
658:
641:
629:
625:
617:
612:
600:
596:
592:
584:
579:
559:
547:
508:Whitby Abbey
504:St Clement's
489:
476:
457:, and Saint
436:
417:
382:
353:
329:
289:
263:, was later
242:
216:consecration
192:
188:
187:
114:Callixtus II
107:Consecration
22:
18:
2596:1140 deaths
2537:Middle Ages
2489:Catholicism
2329:John Dolben
2238:archbishops
2177:Henry Bowet
2097:Bonaventure
2007:Wulfstan II
1977:Hrotheweard
1930:archbishops
1885:Reformation
1726:(2): 1–10.
1682:: 119–135.
1265:11 November
1102:pp. 106–107
889:pp. 269–273
871:pp. 305–309
628:, all from
587:, meaning '
551:The Anarchy
480:Reformation
443:Westminster
401:Gilla Aldan
385:see of York
360:Calixtus II
356:Gelasius II
200: 1070
132: 1070
97:6 June 1115
69:Predecessor
56:August 1114
2580:Categories
2444:David Hope
2409:Cosmo Lang
2339:John Sharp
2275:John Piers
2245:Edward Lee
1982:Wulfstan I
1952:Eanbald II
1919:Wilfrid II
1828:1119–1140
1798:: 179–212.
1605:21 January
1135:References
885:Hollister
681:p. 242–244
677:Hollister
585:Thorsteinn
541:, who was
512:Cistercian
467:Pontefract
379:Archbishop
318:, who was
275:region of
239:Early life
208:William II
174:Pontefract
161:Pontefract
94:Ordination
61:Term ended
2525:Biography
2192:John Kemp
2037:Thomas II
1972:Æthelbald
1947:Eanbald I
1942:Æthelbert
1817:Thomas II
1748:153511298
1696:183905987
1616:required)
1294:186158828
1276:required)
1030:Bartlett
1009:pp. 36–37
992:Huscroft
931:pp. 40–41
853:pp. 39–44
836:Bartlett
662:Greenway
651:Citations
500:Yorkshire
409:Æthelwold
372:interdict
271:, in the
249:St Paul's
221:suffragan
156: 69
79:Successor
73:Thomas II
2616:Cluniacs
2545:Thurstan
2042:Thurstan
2017:Cynesige
2002:Ealdwulf
1967:Wulfhere
1957:Wulfsige
1894:Paulinus
1785:: 14–41.
1707:(1963).
1641:(1955).
1498:(1999).
1445:6 August
1304:(1990).
1284:(1958).
1208:(2000).
1186:(1988).
1164:(1979).
1115:, p. 126
1098:Appleby
721:Thurstan
719:Nicholl
624:), some
593:Toustain
447:Roxburgh
441:held at
399: –
277:Normandy
257:Cantlers
189:Thurstan
99:by
40:Thurstan
2513:England
2475:Portals
2022:Ealdred
1987:Oscytel
1962:Wigmund
1904:Wilfrid
1887:bishops
1579:4051390
1459:Henry I
1082:Burton
1069:Barlow
1056:Burton
979:Barlow
927:Barlow
887:Henry I
867:Cantor
849:Barlow
790:Barlow
679:Henry I
601:Toutain
597:Tostain
555:Matilda
496:nunnery
492:diocese
459:Wilfrid
304:almoner
294:in the
281:Maurice
253:prebend
233:Cluniac
212:Henry I
179:Parents
165:England
53:Elected
2032:Gerard
1997:Oswald
1992:Edwald
1937:Egbert
1746:
1740:175531
1738:
1694:
1649:
1631:871673
1629:
1577:
1558:Albion
1544:
1525:
1506:
1484:
1465:
1359:
1340:
1312:
1292:
1235:
1216:
1194:
1172:
1150:
1111:King,
1073:p. 203
1034:p. 438
1005:Davis
983:p. 211
957:p. 184
953:Poole
918:p. 124
902:p. 588
900:Albion
840:p. 394
810:p. 281
710:p. 151
642:Ōs-gār
630:Ásgeir
622:Angers
605:Norman
486:Legacy
439:Easter
312:priest
308:deacon
273:Bessin
269:Bayeux
261:Audoen
235:monk.
171:Buried
137:Bayeux
89:Orders
2567:Texts
1744:S2CID
1736:JSTOR
1692:S2CID
1575:JSTOR
1086:p. 48
1060:p. 70
1047:p. 91
996:p. 73
970:p. 64
944:p. 98
794:p. 83
723:p. iv
638:Oscar
634:Norse
626:Auger
618:Anger
572:Notes
473:Saint
364:Reims
300:Cluny
245:canon
1909:Bosa
1899:Chad
1883:Pre-
1647:ISBN
1627:OCLC
1607:2008
1542:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1504:ISBN
1482:ISBN
1463:ISBN
1447:2014
1426:2007
1405:2007
1384:2007
1357:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1310:ISBN
1290:OCLC
1267:2007
1233:ISBN
1214:ISBN
1192:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1148:ISBN
694:p. 5
589:Thor
358:and
330:The
210:and
148:Died
125:Born
1728:doi
1724:XXI
1684:doi
1596:doi
1567:doi
1256:doi
640:or
498:in
255:of
247:of
191:or
2582::
1796:31
1794:.
1783:25
1781:.
1759:.
1742:.
1734:.
1722:.
1690:.
1680:18
1678:.
1590:.
1573:.
1563:22
1561:.
1437:.
1416:.
1395:.
1374:.
1250:.
1091:^
907:^
876:^
858:^
827:^
799:^
764:^
728:^
699:^
670:^
632:,
599:,
595:,
482:.
415:.
334:,
322:.
283:,
197:c.
153:c.
139:,
129:c.
2553::
2477::
2314:)
1867:e
1860:t
1853:v
1763:.
1750:.
1730::
1698:.
1686::
1655:.
1633:.
1609:.
1598::
1581:.
1569::
1550:.
1531:.
1512:.
1490:.
1471:.
1449:.
1428:.
1407:.
1386:.
1365:.
1346:.
1318:.
1296:.
1269:.
1258::
1241:.
1222:.
1200:.
1178:.
1156:.
644:.
195:(
158:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.