123:
148:
615:, and resemble kingfishers in their general shape. They have green heads, backs and wings, red throats (absent in immature Puerto Rican, broad-billed, and narrow-billed todies) with a white and blue-grey stripe on each side, and yellow undertail coverts; the colour of the rest of the undersides is pale and varies according to species. The irises are pale grey. They have long, flattened
248:
623:, except that the Jamaican tody seldom calls in the non-breeding season (August to November); they give simple, unmusical buzzing notes, beeps, and guttural rattles, puffing their throats out with every call. Their wings produce a "strange, whirring rattle", though mostly when courting or defending territory in the Puerto Rican tody.
334:. They have been linked to a large number of potential relatives since then, including nightjars, trogons, barbets, jacamars, puffbirds, kingfishers, motmots and even some passerine species such as broadbills, cotingas and flowerpeckers. The todies were placed in their own order, Todiformes, before being placed in the Coraciiformes.
672:
Like most of the
Coraciiformes, todies nest in tunnels, which they dig with their beaks and feet in steep banks or rotten tree trunks. The tunnel is 30 cm long in the Cuban and narrow-billed todies, 30 to 60 cm in the broad-billed tody, and ends in a nest chamber, generally not reused. They
640:
such as insects and lizards. Insects, from 50 families have been identified in their diet, particularly grasshoppers, crickets, beetles, bugs, butterflies, bees, wasps, and ants, form the greater part of the diet. Spiders and millipedes may also be taken, as is a small amount of fruit (2% of the
337:
Genetic analysis of the extant (living) species suggests that they diversified between 6-7 million years ago. The fossil record of the family is sparse, but three species of tody have been described from fossils found in North
America, Germany and France, showing that the family was once more
656:
it. They may also take prey from the ground, occasionally chasing it with a few hops. Todies are generally sedentary; the longest single flight known for the broad-billed tody is 40 m. Their activity is greatest in the morning when sunny weather follows rain, and in March and
September.
648:. Todies typically sit on a low, small branch, singly or in pairs, keeping still or stepping or hopping sideways. When they see prey moving on the lower surface of a leaf, they fly a short distance (averaging 2.2 m in the broad-billed tody and 1.0 m in the
351:
The phylogenetic relationship between the six families that make up the order
Coraciiformes is shown in the cladogram below. The number of species in each family is taken from the list maintained by
1465:
677:
and stay in the nest until they can fly. Both parents also care for the nestlings, much more attentively; they may feed each chick up to 140 times per day, the highest rate known among birds.
619:(as do many flycatching birds) with serrated edges; the upper mandible is black and the lower is red with a little black. The legs, and especially the feet, are small. Todies are highly
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lay about four round white eggs in the chamber. Both parents incubate but are surprisingly inattentive to the eggs. The young are
1182:
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Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S.T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2021).
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composed of resident species and migrants from North
America, when they pass through their territories.
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Kepler, A. K. (2001). "Family
Todidae (Todies)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
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Todies range in weight from 5 to 7 g and in length from 10 to 11.5 cm. They have colourful
122:
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Raffaele, Herbert; Wiley, James; Garrido, Orlando H.; Keith, Allan; Raffaele, Janis I. (1998).
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866:
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940:"An unbiased molecular approach using 3โฒ-UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life"
891:"A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing"
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The todies are endemic to the islands of the
Caribbean. These are small,
344:, are larger than living species and may have been closer in size to the
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83:
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63:
53:
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855:"A Tody (Alcediniformes: Todidae) from the Early Oligocene of Germany"
1191:
826:
Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 6, Mousebirds to
Hornbills
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169:
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983:"Complexity of avian evolution revealed by family-level genomes"
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widespread than it is today. Species from the fossil genus,
872:
10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1294:ATATFT]2.0.CO;2
320:
The todies were originally placed in the kingfisher genus
1160:
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Their preferred habitat for foraging is in the forest
1466:
Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the West Indies
579:, with adjacent islands, have one species each, and
1280:
1236:
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1077:. Princeton University Press. pp. 341โ343.
306:, and one genus known from the fossil record,
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8:
660:Todies are highly territorial but will join
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1074:A Guide to the Birds of the West Indies
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361:International Ornithological Committee
1476:Taxa named by Nicholas Aylward Vigors
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1035:. International Ornithologists' Union
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1115:Fry, C. Hilary (2003). "Todies". In
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359:and David Donsker on behalf of the
1033:"IOC World Bird List Version 14.1"
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981:Stiller, J.; et al. (2024).
326:before being placed in the genus
146:
1157:on the Internet Bird Collection
944:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1:
1123:Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
662:mixed-species foraging flocks
591:) in the lowlands (including
416:โ ground rollers (5 species)
853:; Knopf, Charles W. (2007).
829:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
512:โ kingfishers (118 species)
296:. The family has one living
1492:
1127:. Firefly Books. pp.
1000:10.1038/s41586-024-07323-1
393:โ bee-eaters (31 species)
284:, which also includes the
1252:Palaeotodus escampsiensis
967:21.11116/0000-0007-B72A-C
766:Palaeotodus escampsiensis
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143:Scientific classification
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1031:, eds. (December 2023).
652:), diagonally upward to
552:Distribution and habitat
332:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
316:Taxonomy and systematics
255:Global range (in green)
1257:Palaeotodus itardiensis
772:Palaeotodus itardiensis
496:โ motmots (14 species)
432:โ rollers (13 species)
957:10.1093/molbev/msaa191
1438:Paleobiology Database
627:Behaviour and ecology
473:โ todies (5 species)
1117:Perrins, Christopher
729:Todus angustirostris
603:) in the highlands.
601:Todus angustirostris
916:10.1038/nature15697
907:2015Natur.526..569P
357:Pamela C. Rasmussen
1218:Narrow-billed tody
1027:; Donsker, David;
725:Narrow-billed tody
597:narrow-billed tody
563:of forests of the
1453:
1452:
1425:Open Tree of Life
1274:Taxon identifiers
1265:
1264:
1247:Palaeotodus emryi
1228:Puerto Rican tody
1213:Broad-billed tody
1029:Rasmussen, Pamela
901:(7574): 569โ573.
760:Palaeotodus emryi
734:Puerto Rican tody
698:Broad-billed tody
650:Puerto Rican tody
636:Todies eat small
585:broad-billed tody
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16:(Redirected from
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280:in the order
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1088:. Retrieved
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681:Species list
671:
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1373:iNaturalist
1306:Wikispecies
1238:Palaeotodus
1155:Tody videos
1025:Gill, Frank
993:: 851โ860.
865:(4): 1294.
749:Palaeotodus
720:Todus todus
607:Description
595:), and the
569:Puerto Rico
510:Alcedinidae
346:tody motmot
341:Palaeotodus
330:in 1760 by
309:Palaeotodus
286:kingfishers
238:Palaeotodus
1460:Categories
1208:Cuban tody
1090:2008-07-02
887:Prum, R.O.
802:2022-02-23
780:References
707:Cuban tody
646:understory
581:Hispaniola
430:Coraciidae
353:Frank Gill
290:bee-eaters
273:, of tiny
131:Cuban tody
41:34โ0
1297:Q15727501
1240:(extinct)
793:"Todidae"
675:altricial
494:Momotidae
391:Meropidae
275:Caribbean
166:Kingdom:
160:Eukaryota
110:Oligocene
1291:Wikidata
1010:11111414
925:26444237
668:Breeding
206:Family:
180:Chordata
176:Phylum:
170:Animalia
156:Domain:
1471:Todidae
1312:Todidae
1282:Todidae
1119:(ed.).
1039:17 June
903:Bibcode
859:The Auk
641:diet).
613:plumage
573:Jamaica
561:species
471:Todidae
363:(IOC).
294:rollers
271:Todidae
223:Genera
210:Todidae
196:Order:
186:Class:
114:present
18:Todidae
1430:815966
1404:178124
1391:105101
1192:Todies
1135:
1081:
1007:
987:Nature
923:
895:Nature
833:
575:, and
323:Alcedo
267:family
265:are a
263:todies
217:, 1825
215:Vigors
35:Todies
1443:39388
1417:57388
1386:IRMNG
1339:6272J
1326:98266
1200:Todus
688:Todus
654:glean
621:vocal
617:bills
328:Todus
303:Todus
298:genus
278:birds
231:Todus
1412:NCBI
1399:ITIS
1378:2115
1365:9354
1360:GBIF
1352:7603
1321:BOLD
1133:ISBN
1079:ISBN
1041:2024
921:PMID
831:ISBN
638:prey
632:Diet
577:Cuba
292:and
261:The
190:Aves
49:Pre๊
1347:EoL
1334:CoL
1129:373
1005:PMC
995:doi
991:629
962:hdl
952:doi
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770:โ
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758:โ
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54:๊
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