296:
60:
75:
628:
258:
737:, whose authoritarian methods and personal style of governance made the province very difficult for his successors to control. Consequently, the administration of Transcaspia became a byword for corruption and brutality within Russian Turkestan, as Russian administrators turned their districts into petty fiefdoms and extorted money from the local population. These abuses were fully exposed by the
295:
1252:
1378:
693:
in 1879 in order to secure
Russian control over the region and provide a rapid military route to the Afghan border. In 1885 a crisis was precipitated by the Russian annexation of the
3065:
2213:
656:
1387:
549:
2507:
1371:
2541:
325:
3085:
1348:
702:
59:
2374:
1400:
1584:
1577:
453:
1364:
74:
3090:
2998:
2875:
2520:
2715:
1262:
649:
2045:
714:
2675:
95:
2225:
3026:
1966:
3080:
2839:
1542:
2761:
2690:
2618:
2500:
1974:
1885:
613:
554:
2955:
2858:
2751:
2655:
642:
275:
2960:
2902:
2778:
2695:
2270:
2710:
2705:
2680:
2665:
2000:
1942:
738:
2685:
1848:
1618:
670:
47:
3075:
3070:
2920:
2870:
2766:
2746:
2493:
2081:
1986:
1947:
1698:
1521:
2826:
2771:
1923:
1721:
1612:
1936:
1980:
1833:
1430:
1324:
1912:
238:
The name of the oblast (literally, 'Beyond
Caspian') is explained by the fact that until the construction of the
2887:
2844:
2793:
2756:
2670:
2643:
1905:
2950:
2788:
2783:
2729:
1499:
1318:
2991:
2912:
2814:
2700:
2528:
2399:
2328:
2311:
2283:
2260:
2230:
2070:
1795:
1629:
1424:
1206:
1179:
544:
534:
506:
433:
398:
365:
310:
284:
2389:
2965:
2925:
2892:
2394:
2364:
2351:
2255:
2250:
2217:
2203:
2184:
1869:
1492:
1454:
1448:
350:
1672:
3007:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2058:
1838:
1828:
1739:
1660:
1606:
1570:
1474:
1436:
2305:
1418:
2384:
2029:
2970:
2454:
2339:
2333:
2322:
2179:
2160:
2129:
2100:
1811:
1806:
1789:
1734:
1715:
1639:
1624:
1559:
1468:
1442:
1395:
686:
1891:
242:
in the early 20th century the easiest way to reach this oblast from central Russia (or from
Russian
3012:
2831:
2741:
2633:
2597:
2475:
2358:
2170:
2094:
2088:
2064:
1801:
1784:
1759:
1744:
1709:
1703:
1678:
1666:
1634:
1595:
1553:
1537:
1532:
1505:
1485:
1461:
1338:
798:
632:
1952:
2627:
2623:
2422:
2316:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2106:
2075:
1918:
1880:
1822:
1816:
1749:
1728:
1693:
1688:
1600:
1515:
1479:
734:
496:
448:
403:
380:
239:
220:
2472:² An asterisk (+) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914.
2613:
2428:
2345:
2190:
2018:
1779:
1764:
1683:
1649:
1644:
1590:
1564:
1547:
1510:
1258:
722:
413:
408:
340:
224:
200:
100:
1296:
2897:
2576:
2448:
2197:
2053:
2023:
2013:
1769:
1754:
1654:
1527:
1410:
1197:
1170:
781:
745:
694:
682:
678:
598:
491:
458:
423:
370:
216:
2930:
2581:
2435:
2123:
2112:
1875:
1862:
1774:
1333:
1313:
955:
674:
418:
355:
345:
887:
Ethnic groups by percentage of the
Transcaspian population according to the 1897 census:
2442:
2035:
1929:
1898:
757:
473:
428:
181:
88:
3059:
2586:
2155:
2150:
1356:
1343:
511:
443:
360:
335:
243:
1317:
2660:
2516:
2274:
2145:
2140:
2118:
593:
559:
501:
468:
228:
212:
2536:
2416:
2135:
1856:
1235:
932:
690:
257:
204:
189:
2551:
951:
516:
438:
330:
320:
232:
3041:
3028:
2470:
indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914.
1352:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 170–172.
2608:
772:
constituted the majority of the population, and significant minorities were
730:
710:
463:
375:
247:
17:
744:
During the revolutionary period of 1917 to 1919, parts of
Transcaspia were
1337:
2880:
2566:
2561:
2556:
1031:
Ethnic groups by population in
Transcaspia according to the 1897 census:
913:
857:
844:
818:
777:
769:
753:
726:
603:
588:
578:
126:
2485:
2799:
2571:
831:
773:
1996:
1962:
749:
718:
583:
315:
208:
177:
1254:
Russian Rule in
Samarkand 1868-1910: A Comparison with British India
760:
fleeing across the border to
Afghanistan and Iran in 1922 and 1923.
705:, as it was thought that the Russians were planning to march on to
2546:
994:
893:
706:
256:
185:
729:. The best known military governor to have ruled the region from
975:
698:
251:
196:
2489:
1360:
756:
resistance to
Bolshevik rule, with the last of the rebellious
673:
in 1879–1885, in a series of campaigns led by
Generals
227:, it corresponded roughly to the territory of present-day
709:
in Afghanistan. Until 1898 Transcaspia was part of the
192:
during the second half of the 19th century until 1924.
1281:(Berkeley: University of California Press) 1960 pp88-9
27:
Province of the Russian Empire and early Soviet Russia
1211:
1184:
2911:
2857:
2813:
2728:
2642:
2527:
2408:
2373:
2269:
2212:
2169:
2044:
1995:
1961:
1847:
1394:
158:
150:
145:
137:
132:
122:
114:
106:
94:
84:
35:
768:As of 1897, 382,487 people populated the oblast.
207:, to the north by the former Russian province of
1328:. Vol. 23 (9th ed.). pp. 511–513.
141:605,150.93 km (233,650.08 sq mi)
1299:[Handbook of statistical indicators].
2501:
1372:
1301:Demoscope Weekly – Application
650:
211:, and to the northeast by the former Russian
8:
3066:Former administrative divisions of countries
752:. The oblast was one of the last centres of
721:, but in that year it was made an oblast of
507:Turkmenistan in the 16th and 17th centuries
246:) was across the Caspian Sea, by boat from
2863:
2819:
2734:
2648:
2508:
2494:
2486:
1379:
1365:
1357:
784:-speaking population was 328,059 (85.8%).
657:
643:
269:
32:
746:briefly occupied by British Indian forces
1033:
889:
803:
801:, the ethnic groups by population were:
1297:"Справочник статистических показателей"
1228:
1163:
283:
272:
144:
131:
121:
105:
83:
71:
53:
2476:Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship
261:Transcaspian Oblast in 1900 (in pink)
157:
149:
136:
113:
93:
7:
1291:
1289:
1287:
689:was started from the shores of the
535:Russian conquest and the Great Game
30:Oblast in Turkestan, Russian Empire
3086:Central Asia in the Russian Empire
1388:Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
25:
1251:Alexander Morrison (2008-09-01).
626:
545:October Revolution and Civil War
294:
73:
58:
701:, which nearly led to war with
195:It was bounded to the south by
1336:; Bealby, John Thomas (1911).
1279:Russian Central Asia 1867-1917
1241:(London: Longmans) 1889 pp1-15
79:Location in the Russian Empire
1:
3091:Oblasts of the Russian Empire
1314:Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch
1339:"Transcaspian Region"
1319:"Transcaspian Region"
1212:
1185:
3107:
1257:. OUP Oxford. p. 20.
685:. The construction of the
572:Related historical regions
3081:Geography of Turkmenistan
2985:
2866:
2822:
2737:
2651:
2464:
1201:
1174:
72:
54:
45:
162:0.63/km (1.6/sq mi)
39:
1349:Encyclopædia Britannica
1325:Encyclopædia Britannica
633:Turkmenistan portal
2478:was abolished in 1876.
2161:Baku (Gradonachalstvo)
1239:Russia in Central Asia
1175:Закаспі́йская о́бласть
351:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
262:
1186:Zakaspíyskaya óblastʼ
741:Report of 1908–1910.
733:was probably General
260:
2716:World Heritage Sites
2676:Environmental issues
2377:Galicia and Bukovina
2046:Caucasus Viceroyalty
1585:Little Russia (1796)
1578:Little Russia (1764)
715:Caucasus Viceroyalty
711:Governor-Generalship
687:Transcaspian Railway
486:Early modern history
159: • Density
40:Закаспійская область
3076:Geography of Russia
3071:Transcaspian Oblast
3042:37.9500°N 58.3833°E
3038: /
2742:Central Asian Union
2634:Neutrality Monument
2171:Baltic Governorates
799:1897 Russian census
671:conquered by Russia
540:Transcaspian Oblast
188:to the east of the
170:Transcaspian Oblast
96:Governorate-General
37:Transcaspian Oblast
2840:Telecommunications
2624:Saparmurat Niyazov
2423:Emirate of Bukhara
2054:Baku (Governorate)
1277:Richard A. Pierce
956:Fort-Aleksandrovsk
717:administered from
697:, to the south of
560:After Independence
497:Emirate of Bukhara
404:Rashidun Caliphate
381:Hephthalite Empire
263:
240:Trans-Aral Railway
151: • Total
138: • Total
3021:
3020:
2981:
2980:
2853:
2852:
2809:
2808:
2762:Foreign relations
2724:
2723:
2483:
2482:
2429:Khanate of Kokand
2019:Semirechye Oblast
1619:Novgorod-Seversky
1264:978-0-19-954737-1
1210:
1183:
1155:
1154:
1029:
1028:
880:
879:
797:According to the
723:Russian Turkestan
667:
666:
341:Achaemenid Empire
326:Oxus civilization
231:and southwestern
225:Russian Turkestan
201:Khorasan Province
166:
165:
16:(Redirected from
3098:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3047:37.9500; 58.3833
3043:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3001:
2994:
2864:
2835:
2820:
2752:Democratic Party
2735:
2649:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2592:
2577:Greater Khorasan
2542:Bactria–Margiana
2510:
2503:
2496:
2487:
2449:Khanate of Khiva
2082:Georgia-Imeretia
2024:Syr-Darya Oblast
1981:Siberian Kirghiz
1906:Orenburg Kirghiz
1699:Saint Petersburg
1381:
1374:
1367:
1358:
1353:
1341:
1334:Kropotkin, Peter
1329:
1321:
1305:
1304:
1293:
1282:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1248:
1242:
1233:
1216:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1168:
1034:
890:
804:
683:Mikhail Annenkov
679:Mikhail Skobelev
669:Transcaspia was
659:
652:
645:
631:
630:
629:
599:Greater Khorasan
555:Turkmenistan SSR
492:Khanate of Khiva
459:Chagatai Khanate
444:Seljuk Turkomans
439:Ghaznavid Empire
376:Kidarite Kingdom
371:Sassanian Empire
356:Parthian dynasty
298:
288:
270:
77:
62:
33:
21:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3056:
3055:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3017:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2977:
2907:
2903:Public holidays
2849:
2833:
2805:
2779:Law enforcement
2720:
2696:Protected areas
2638:
2601:
2599:
2590:
2588:
2582:Parthian Empire
2523:
2514:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2460:
2455:Zeravshan Okrug
2436:Russian America
2404:
2376:
2375:Governorates of
2369:
2265:
2208:
2165:
2040:
1991:
1957:
1843:
1722:Sloboda Ukraine
1613:Nizhny Novgorod
1398:
1390:
1385:
1332:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1295:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1196:
1192:
1169:
1165:
1160:
885:
795:
790:
766:
675:Nikolai Lomakin
663:
627:
625:
620:
619:
618:
573:
565:
564:
530:
522:
521:
487:
479:
478:
454:Mongol conquest
434:Oghuz Turkomans
394:
386:
385:
346:Seleucid Empire
311:Ancient history
306:
286:
279:
268:
80:
68:
67:
66:
65:
50:
41:
38:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3104:
3102:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3058:
3057:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2881:Turkmen people
2878:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:Extreme points
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2595:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2443:Uryankhay Krai
2439:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2343:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2279:
2277:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2226:Abo-Byorneborg
2222:
2220:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2109:
2104:
2097:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2003:
2001:Turkestan Krai
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1834:Yekaterinoslav
1831:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1431:Archangelgorod
1427:
1422:
1415:
1406:
1404:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1344:Chisholm, Hugh
1330:
1307:
1306:
1283:
1270:
1263:
1243:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1190:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
991:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
972:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
948:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
929:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
910:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
884:
881:
878:
877:
874:
871:
867:
866:
863:
860:
854:
853:
850:
847:
841:
840:
837:
834:
828:
827:
824:
821:
815:
814:
811:
808:
794:
791:
789:
786:
765:
762:
725:governed from
665:
664:
662:
661:
654:
647:
639:
636:
635:
622:
621:
617:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
575:
574:
571:
570:
567:
566:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
531:
529:Modern history
528:
527:
524:
523:
520:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
477:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
399:Islamic period
395:
392:
391:
388:
387:
384:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
316:Jeitun culture
313:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
291:
290:
281:
280:
273:
267:
264:
182:Russian Empire
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
98:
92:
91:
89:Russian Empire
86:
82:
81:
78:
70:
69:
63:
57:
56:
55:
52:
51:
46:
43:
42:
36:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3103:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3054:
3051:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:Ethnic groups
2874:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2596:
2594:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2477:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1987:Semipalatinsk
1985:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1303:(in Russian).
1302:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1214:
1208:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
988:
985:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
953:
950:
949:
945:
942:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
926:
923:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
891:
888:
882:
875:
872:
869:
868:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
812:
809:
807:Ethnic group
806:
805:
802:
800:
792:
787:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
763:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:Panjdeh oasis
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
660:
655:
653:
648:
646:
641:
640:
638:
637:
634:
624:
623:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
576:
569:
568:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
526:
525:
518:
515:
513:
512:Afsharid Iran
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
483:
482:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
390:
389:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
361:Kushan Empire
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
336:Median Empire
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
302:
301:
297:
293:
292:
289:
282:
277:
271:
265:
259:
255:
253:
249:
245:
244:Transcaucasia
241:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:protectorates
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
191:
187:
186:Soviet Russia
183:
179:
175:
171:
161:
153:
140:
128:
125:
117:
109:
102:
99:
97:
90:
87:
76:
61:
49:
44:
34:
19:
3023:
2921:Architecture
2871:Demographics
2798:
2767:Human rights
2747:Constitution
2661:Central Asia
2598:Khwarazmian
2517:Turkmenistan
2467:
2453:
2434:
2427:
2415:
2409:Dependencies
2357:
2350:
2338:
2321:
2304:
2282:
2271:Governorates
2251:Sankt-Mikhel
2214:Governorates
2196:
2189:
2128:
2111:
2099:
2087:
2080:
2063:
2028:
2009:Transcaspian
2008:
1979:
1967:Stepnoy Krai
1935:
1928:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1868:
1861:
1821:
1794:
1727:
1720:
1708:
1671:
1617:
1605:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1552:
1520:
1500:Ingermanland
1498:
1491:
1484:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1409:
1396:Governorates
1347:
1323:
1300:
1278:
1273:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1231:
1193:
1166:
1071:Krasnovodsk
1030:
954:(centred on
886:
796:
780:. The total
767:
764:Demographics
743:
668:
608:
594:Greater Iran
539:
502:Safavid Iran
449:Khwarazmians
287:Turkmenistan
237:
229:Turkmenistan
194:
173:
172:, or simply
169:
167:
64:Coat of arms
18:Transcaspian
3045: /
2827:Agriculture
2628:Türkmenbaşy
2602:(1077–1231)
2591:(1037–1194)
2537:Yaz culture
2417:Bukey Horde
2071:Elizavetpol
1919:Primorskaya
1881:Transbaikal
1630:Novorossiya
1522:Kiev (1708)
1425:Arkhangelsk
1236:G.N. Curzon
1088:Mangyshlak
933:Krasnovodsk
896:(district)
813:Percentage
810:Population
609:Transcaspia
550:Soviet rule
393:Middle Ages
366:Proto-Turks
285:History of
205:Afghanistan
190:Caspian Sea
174:Transcaspia
107:Established
3060:Categories
3033:58°23′00″E
3030:37°57′00″N
2834:(currency)
2789:Parliament
2619:Soviet era
2614:Magtymguly
2552:Massagetae
2400:Chernovtsy
2340:Podlyashye
1870:Bessarabia
1796:Voznesensk
1449:Bessarabia
1223:References
952:Mangyshlak
735:Kuropatkin
517:Qajar Iran
331:Massagetae
321:Gonur Depe
233:Kazakhstan
223:. Part of
184:and early
146:Population
2888:Education
2845:Transport
2794:President
2757:Elections
2691:Mountains
2671:Districts
2644:Geography
2609:Silk Road
2390:Peremyshl
2256:Tavastgus
2059:Black Sea
2030:Turkestan
2014:Samarkand
1975:Akmolinsk
1886:Kamchatka
1839:Yeniseysk
1829:Yaroslavl
1740:Stavropol
1661:Petrograd
1607:Nikolayev
1571:Lithuania
1475:Chernigov
1437:Astrakhan
1213:Zakáspiya
1207:romanized
1202:Зака́спія
1180:romanized
1054:Ashgabat
1049:Persians
1046:Russians
1040:Turkmens
908:Persians
905:Russians
899:Turkmens
788:Ethnicity
731:Ashkhabad
614:Turkmenia
464:Ilkhanate
424:Saffarids
305:Antiquity
248:Astrakhan
176:, was an
115:Abolished
101:Turkestan
3008:Category
2951:Religion
2898:Language
2784:Military
2730:Politics
2711:Wildlife
2600:dynasty
2567:Hyrcania
2562:Khwarezm
2557:Margiana
2521:articles
2395:Tarnopol
2352:Sandomir
2329:Petrokov
2284:Avgustov
2261:Uleaborg
2180:Courland
2130:Imeretia
2124:Dagestan
2113:Armenian
2101:Shemakha
1937:Tarnopol
1924:Sakhalin
1899:Kwantung
1876:Don Host
1863:Belostok
1812:Voronezh
1807:Volhynia
1790:Vladimir
1735:Smolensk
1716:Simbirsk
1640:Orenburg
1625:Novgorod
1560:Kostroma
1493:Iziaslav
1469:Caucasus
1455:Bratslav
1443:Belgorod
1316:(1888).
1142:248,651
1108:104,980
1043:Kazakhs
914:Ashgabat
902:Kazakhs
883:By okrug
873:382,487
858:Persians
845:Russians
823:248,651
819:Turkmens
778:Russians
770:Turkmens
754:Basmachi
727:Tashkent
604:Khwarazm
589:Margiana
579:Hyrcania
474:Timurids
429:Samanids
419:Tahirids
414:Abbasids
409:Umayyads
276:a series
274:Part of
127:Askhabad
2992:Outline
2956:Symbols
2931:Cuisine
2913:Culture
2859:Society
2815:Economy
2800:Ruhnama
2701:Regions
2656:Borders
2589:Empire
2587:Seljuk
2572:Parthia
2529:History
2468:Italics
2365:Suvalki
2359:Sedlets
2323:Mazovia
2317:Lyublin
2246:Nyuland
2218:Finland
2204:Estonia
2185:Livonia
2156:Zakatal
2151:Sukhumi
2095:Kutaisi
2089:Georgia
2065:Derbent
2036:Fergana
1997:Oblasts
1963:Oblasts
1930:Taurida
1892:Caspian
1849:Oblasts
1802:Vologda
1785:Vitebsk
1760:Tobolsk
1745:Taurida
1710:Siberia
1704:Saratov
1679:Poltava
1673:Polotsk
1667:Podolia
1635:Olonets
1596:Mogilev
1554:Kolyvan
1538:Kherson
1533:Kharkov
1506:Irkutsk
1486:Finland
1462:Belarus
1346:(ed.).
1209::
1198:Russian
1182::
1171:Russian
1148:27,942
1145:74,225
1125:39,932
1122:Tedjen
1094:63,795
1077:10,394
1074:33,529
1063:11,763
1057:67,443
849:27,942
836:74,225
832:Kazakhs
793:Overall
774:Kazakhs
758:Turkmen
713:of the
703:Britain
691:Caspian
266:History
221:Bukhara
180:of the
154:382,487
123:Capital
85:Country
3013:Portal
2966:emblem
2961:anthem
2946:Sports
2926:Cinema
2893:Health
2832:Manat
2706:Rivers
2666:Cities
2519:
2334:Plotsk
2312:Lomzha
2306:Krakov
2300:Keltsy
2295:Kalish
2290:Warsaw
2275:Poland
2241:Kuopio
2236:Vyborg
2107:Tiflis
2076:Erivan
1943:Turgay
1823:Vyborg
1817:Vyatka
1750:Tambov
1729:Slonim
1694:Samara
1689:Ryazan
1601:Moscow
1516:Kaluga
1480:Grodno
1261:
1151:8,015
1139:Total
1134:2,017
1131:3,841
1114:5,321
1097:1,795
1091:2,767
1083:1,822
1080:5,222
1066:3,206
1037:Okrug
1019:19.4%
1013:Total
940:19.3%
937:62.4%
924:12.8%
918:73.1%
870:Total
862:8,015
839:19.4%
782:Turkic
750:Meshed
739:Pahlen
719:Tiflis
681:, and
584:Sogdia
278:on the
209:Uralsk
178:oblast
48:Oblast
2999:Index
2941:Music
2936:Media
2686:Lakes
2547:Dahae
2346:Radom
2191:Reval
2146:Terek
2141:Kuban
2119:Batum
1953:Yakut
1780:Vilna
1765:Tomsk
1684:Pskov
1650:Penza
1645:Oryol
1591:Minsk
1565:Kursk
1548:Kovno
1543:Kholm
1511:Kazan
1419:Altai
1342:. In
1158:Notes
1105:Merv
1025:2.1%
1022:7.3%
1008:4.1%
1005:7.9%
995:Tejen
989:0.8%
986:4.5%
967:2.6%
946:3.4%
943:9.7%
927:3.3%
894:Okrug
876:100%
865:2.1%
852:7.3%
748:from
707:Herat
469:Karts
217:Khiva
2971:flag
2772:LGBT
2385:Lvov
2231:Vaza
2198:Riga
2136:Kars
1948:Ural
1913:Omsk
1857:Amur
1770:Tula
1755:Tver
1655:Perm
1528:Kiev
1411:Azov
1401:List
1259:ISBN
1117:964
1016:65%
999:82%
980:88%
976:Merv
964:93%
826:65%
776:and
699:Merv
252:Baku
219:and
203:and
197:Iran
168:The
133:Area
118:1921
110:1881
2273:of
2216:of
1999:of
1965:of
1775:Ufa
1111:11
1060:22
961:4%
250:or
215:of
199:'s
3062::
2474:³
2466:¹
1322:.
1286:^
1204:,
1200::
1177:,
1173::
1128:3
1100:6
1002:-
983:-
970:-
958:)
921:-
677:,
254:.
235:.
2630:)
2626:(
2509:e
2502:t
2495:v
2445:²
2441:*
2173:³
1663:²
1659:*
1421:²
1417:+
1414:¹
1403:)
1399:(
1380:e
1373:t
1366:v
1267:.
658:e
651:t
644:v
20:)
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