489:. In closed mitosis, the nuclear envelope does not disappear but mitotic spindles appear within the nucleus to separate the chromosomes. In semi-open mitosis, the nuclear envelope remains intact but the mitotic spindles pierce through the nuclear envelope to divide the chromosomes. Cryptopleuromitosis is different from all the other more commonly known methods of cell division. In cryptopleuromitosis, the chromosomes divide without the breakdown of the nuclear envelope and without the entry of mitotic spindles into the nucleus.
1145:
Zhang, H; Bastida-Corcuera, FD; Simoes-Barbosa, A; Brown, MT; Hayes, RD; Mukherjee, M; Okumura, CY; Schneider, R; Smith, AJ; Vanacova, S; Villalvazo, M; Haas, BJ; Pertea, M; Feldblyum, TV; Utterback, TR; Shu, CL; Osoegawa, K; de Jong, PJ; Hrdy, I; Horvathova, L; Zubacova, Z; Dolezal, P; Malik, SB; Logsdon JM, Jr; Henze, K; Gupta, A; Wang, CC; Dunne, RL; Upcroft, JA; Upcroft, P; White, O; Salzberg, SL; Tang, P; Chiu, CH; Lee, YS; Embley, TM; Coombs, GH; Mottram, JC; Tachezy, J; Fraser-Liggett, CM; Johnson, PJ (12 January 2007).
64:
543:, especially men, are asymptomatic. Complications for symptomatic women include vaginitis, endometritis, infertility, and cervical cancer. Complications for symptomatic men include urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, and infertility. It is also associated with increased risk of transmission and acquisition of HIV.
1144:
Carlton, JM; Hirt, RP; Silva, JC; Delcher, AL; Schatz, M; Zhao, Q; Wortman, JR; Bidwell, SL; Alsmark, UC; Besteiro, S; Sicheritz-Ponten, T; Noel, CJ; Dacks, JB; Foster, PG; Simillion, C; Van de Peer, Y; Miranda-Saavedra, D; Barton, GJ; Westrop, GD; MĂŒller, S; Dessi, D; Fiori, PL; Ren, Q; Paulsen, I;
344:
is the presence of an undulating membrane. The undulating membrane is a fin-like extension of the plasma membrane located on the side of the organism. A flagellum that extends to the posterior end of the organism is attached to the outer edge of the undulating membrane. At the base of the undulating
301:
species, it can either be transmitted through direct sexual contact or through contaminated water sources. In birds, it can be found in the upper digestive tract and is transmitted when adult birds regurgitate food to feed their young, when a bird of prey feeds on an infected bird, and through
33:
1324:
MartĂnez-DĂaz, Rafael
Alberto; Ponce-Gordo, Francisco; RodrĂguez-Arce, Irene; del MartĂnez-Herrero, MarĂa Carmen; GonzĂĄlez, Fernando GonzĂĄlez; Molina-LĂłpez, Rafael Ăngel; GĂłmez-Muñoz, MarĂa Teresa (2 October 2014).
404:
genome is estimated to be around 160 Mb long, divided into six chromosomes. However, at least 65% of its genome was found to be redundant. The redundant genetic material is hypothesized to have emerged during
1371:
Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M.; Thuesen, Erik V. (29 April 2015).
1090:
MĂŒller, MiklĂłs; Mentel, Marek; van
Hellemond, Jaap J.; Henze, Katrin; Woehle, Christian; Gould, Sven B.; Yu, Re-Young; van der Giezen, Mark; Tielens, Aloysius G. M.; Martin, William F. (11 June 2012).
1262:
Girard, Yvette A.; Rogers, Krysta H.; Gerhold, Richard; Land, Kirkwood M.; Lenaghan, Scott C.; Woods, Leslie W.; Haberkern, Nathan; Hopper, Melissa; Cann, Jeff D.; Johnson, Christine K. (April 2014).
560:
in birds inhabit the upper digestive tract and also cause trichomoniasis. It creates lesions in the trachea and esophagus, occupying space and eventually causing emaciation and asphyxiation.
317:
at its anterior end, distinguishing itself from closely related organisms that have different numbers of anterior flagella. At the base of these flagella are the parabasal bodies,
470:, giving the impression of a cystic form. However, due to the lack of a cystic wall surrounding the organism, many studies describe this form as a pseudocystic form.
3177:
636:
3190:
1206:
Ribeiro, Karla C.; Monteiro-Leal, Luiz
Henrique; Benchimol, Marlene (2000). "Contributions of the axostyle and flagella to closed mitosis in the protists
3151:
549:
is transmitted through exchange of saliva and contaminated water sources. It is an opportunistic pathogen and may cause pulmonary trichomoniasis.
293:
environments. It is a known parasite of many different animals including humans, birds, dogs, and cats. In humans, it can be found in the
1446:
248:, an inflammation of the vagina. Donné named the genus from its morphological characteristics. The prefix tricho- originates from the
3213:
1479:
1474:
668:"Animalcules observés dans les matiÚres purulentes et le produit des sécrétions des organes génitaux de l'homme et de la femme"
485:: open, closed, and semi-open. In open mitosis, the nuclear envelope disappears so that mitotic spindles can interact with the
297:
and in the oral cavity. It is estimated that 276 million new cases of urogenital infections occur each year. Depending on the
804:"Trichomoniasis â are we giving the deserved attention to the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide?"
1558:
1548:
1531:
459:
form, which appears during host colonization. It lacks a cyst form, but many studies have noted a unique form in which
329:, is a bundle of microtubules that extends from the anterior end of the organism all the way to the posterior end. The
3089:
241:
63:
1016:
WartoĆ, A; Honigberg, BM (February 1979). "Structure of trichomonads as revealed by scanning electron microscopy".
978:
Tasca, Tiana; De Carli, Geraldo A. (December 2003). "Scanning electron microscopy study of
Trichomonas gallinae".
463:
appears ovoidal rather than its typical pear-shaped form. In this ovoidal form, all its flagella are retracted in
3246:
3195:
170:
1563:
586:
290:
188:
161:
932:
Amin, Aziza; Bilic, Ivana; Liebhart, Dieter; Hess, Michael (May 2014). "Trichomonads in birds â a review".
3042:
2956:
1439:
598:
364:
197:
152:
2946:
3003:
2993:
2890:
2149:
1841:
1831:
1526:
614:
392:
215:
46:
2998:
2968:
2692:
2650:
2464:
2437:
1745:
570:
2895:
2687:
2469:
2353:
2134:
2098:
1925:
1836:
3218:
3205:
3138:
2973:
2905:
2900:
2592:
2267:
2257:
2216:
2211:
2079:
2074:
2045:
1385:
1162:
578:
512:
179:
2988:
2936:
2923:
2885:
2880:
2804:
2682:
2677:
2597:
2288:
2247:
3241:
2931:
2838:
2394:
2144:
2124:
2103:
2050:
1777:
1633:
421:
2748:
2672:
2242:
2237:
2129:
1985:
1883:
1878:
2809:
2799:
2368:
1915:
1638:
1543:
1521:
1509:
1484:
1354:
1239:
957:
318:
234:
58:
3107:
2833:
2816:
2794:
2363:
345:
membrane is a striated fiber called the costa which is thought to exist for structural support.
2474:
1903:
3182:
3125:
1930:
1553:
1516:
1504:
1494:
1432:
1413:
1346:
1329:
n. sp., a new trichomonad from the upper gastrointestinal tract of scavenging birds of prey".
1301:
1231:
1188:
1121:
1072:
1064:
1033:
995:
949:
901:
833:
773:
727:
667:
606:
506:
396:, being the species that causes the most complications in humans, is the only fully sequenced
206:
3080:
1920:
2821:
2766:
2173:
1685:
1468:
1403:
1393:
1338:
1291:
1283:
1223:
1178:
1170:
1111:
1103:
1025:
987:
941:
891:
883:
823:
815:
765:
717:
294:
2978:
2828:
2758:
2552:
2168:
1677:
582:â inhabits the upper digestive tract of primarily pigeons and doves, but also other birds.
125:
1389:
1166:
32:
2963:
2874:
2584:
2539:
2416:
2404:
2373:
1893:
1873:
1798:
1499:
1408:
1373:
1296:
1263:
1227:
1183:
1146:
1116:
1091:
1029:
828:
803:
536:
413:
115:
896:
871:
3235:
2771:
2639:
2530:
2447:
2062:
2002:
1853:
1826:
1708:
1052:
961:
433:
356:
274:
249:
1358:
3094:
2843:
2630:
2343:
2040:
1997:
1992:
1643:
1618:
1243:
425:
360:
330:
322:
3130:
887:
359:. Hydrogenosomes are double-membraned organelles used by trichomonads, instead of
1398:
1287:
991:
769:
272:â single unit), describes its similarity to unicellular organisms from the genus
3164:
3074:
2859:
2726:
2521:
2459:
2338:
2035:
2018:
1974:
1965:
1623:
802:
Menezes, Camila Braz; Frasson, Amanda
Piccoli; Tasca, Tiana (5 September 2016).
486:
452:
376:
105:
41:
2789:
2454:
2027:
1955:
1910:
1719:
1342:
945:
539:. It resides on squamous epithelium of the urogenital tract. Many carriers of
437:
429:
372:
3065:
1076:
1068:
244:
in 1836 when he found these parasites in the pus of a patient suffering from
3102:
2736:
2713:
2660:
2620:
2427:
2314:
2307:
2193:
2161:
1866:
1628:
1174:
819:
722:
701:
464:
352:
263:
245:
95:
85:
75:
1417:
1350:
1305:
1235:
1192:
1125:
999:
953:
905:
837:
777:
500:
causes disease in humans and in birds. In humans, the causative species is
3117:
1107:
731:
590:â inhabits the upper digestive tract of scavenging birds of prey, such as
420:
genome, the sequenced genes were also characterized. Approximately 60,000
3059:
2667:
2547:
2507:
2156:
1861:
1668:
1610:
1538:
1455:
1092:"Biochemistry and evolution of anaerobic energy metabolism in eukaryotes"
1037:
467:
456:
380:
368:
326:
314:
237:
1268:
n. sp., an agent of trichomonosis in
Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeons (
313:
is around 10 ÎŒm in length and is normally pear-shaped. It has four
3156:
1601:
1580:
591:
482:
3169:
325:
that curve around the flagellar bases. Posterior to the pelta is the
51:
3036:
455:
form, its pear-shaped form, which is most commonly observed, and an
672:
Comptes Rendus
Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences
3143:
3040:
1428:
1276:
International
Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife
1051:
Kulda, Jaroslav; NohĂœnkovĂĄ, Eva; LudvĂk, JiĆĂ (October 1987).
477:
undergoes cell division through an interesting process called
647:. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information
267:
253:
1147:"Draft genome sequence of the sexually transmitted pathogen
1424:
748:
KellerovĂĄ, PavlĂna; Tachezy, Jan (April 2017). "Zoonotic
337:
is situated close to where the pelta and axostyle meet.
1374:"A higher level classification of all living organisms"
1053:"Basic structure and function of the trichomonad cell"
870:
Schwebke, Jane R.; Burgess, Donald (15 October 2004).
400:
species. Through whole-genome shotgun sequencing, the
1319:
1317:
1315:
409:
s transition from aerobic to anaerobic environments.
321:
accompanied by Golgi stacks. The pelta is a sheet of
240:
parasites of vertebrates. It was first discovered by
3049:
2916:
2867:
2858:
2782:
2757:
2735:
2711:
2638:
2629:
2618:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2505:
2415:
2384:
2331:
2324:
2299:
2278:
2227:
2201:
2192:
2114:
2088:
2061:
2026:
2017:
1973:
1964:
1953:
1852:
1816:
1809:
1788:
1767:
1760:
1735:
1728:
1717:
1706:
1676:
1667:
1660:
1609:
1600:
1593:
1578:
412:In addition to discovering the large proportion of
756:n. sp., from the oral cavities of dogs and cats".
743:
741:
602:â inhabits the upper digestive tract of pigeons.
1139:
1137:
1135:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
1257:
1255:
1253:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
1440:
1011:
1009:
535:is a sexually transmitted disease and causes
367:. They do not require oxygen and instead use
8:
973:
971:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
574:â inhabits the oral cavity of dogs and cats.
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
3037:
2864:
2741:
2719:
2708:
2635:
2626:
2580:
2573:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2513:
2328:
2198:
2067:
2023:
1970:
1961:
1813:
1764:
1732:
1725:
1714:
1673:
1664:
1606:
1597:
1590:
1586:
1447:
1433:
1425:
1096:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
618:â inhabits the urogenital tract of humans.
31:
20:
1407:
1397:
1295:
1182:
1115:
895:
827:
721:
379:to produce ATP from pyruvate, generating
1057:Acta Universitatis Carolinae - Biologica
16:Genus of parasitic, flagellated protists
628:
1216:The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
758:International Journal for Parasitology
510:. In birds, the causative species are
610:â inhabits the oral cavity of humans.
7:
3206:55596dbf-bd4f-4a34-89c7-662834b7f826
1228:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00077.x
1030:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1979.tb02732.x
481:. There are three common forms of
340:Another distinguishing feature of
14:
258:(thrix) meaning hair, describing
62:
752:and a new trichomonad species,
710:Journal of Medical Microbiology
666:Donné, A. (19 September 1836).
702:"Pulmonary trichomoniasis and
700:Hersh, S. M. (1 August 1985).
1:
888:10.1128/CMR.17.4.794-803.2004
876:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1399:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248
1288:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.12.002
1270:Patagioenas fasciata monilis
992:10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.09.009
770:10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.12.006
302:contaminated food or water.
1018:The Journal of Protozoology
436:were all found on the same
3263:
268:
254:
2744:
2722:
2707:
2516:
2070:
1589:
1462:
1343:10.1007/s00436-014-4165-5
946:10.1017/S0031182013002096
473:In its trophozoite form,
148:
143:
59:Scientific classification
57:
39:
30:
23:
171:Trichomonas equibuccalis
1175:10.1126/science.1132894
980:Veterinary Parasitology
820:10.15698/mic2016.09.526
723:10.1099/00222615-20-1-1
351:has a very interesting
1327:Trichomonas gypaetinii
587:Trichomonas gypactinii
518:Trichomonas gypactinii
432:and approximately 250
289:is typically found in
189:Trichomonas gypaetinii
162:Trichomonas canistomae
1331:Parasitology Research
1212:Trichomonas vaginalis
1208:Tritrichomonas foetus
1149:Trichomonas vaginalis
1108:10.1128/MMBR.05024-11
615:Trichomonas vaginalis
541:Trichomonas vaginalis
533:Trichomonas vaginalis
502:Trichomonas vaginalis
418:Trichomonas vaginalis
402:Trichomonas vaginalis
393:Trichomonas vaginalis
383:gas as a by-product.
266:. The suffix -monas (
242:Alfred François Donné
216:Trichomonas vaginalis
47:Trichomonas vaginalis
2957:Spirotrichonymphidae
2953:Spirotrichonymphida
1266:Trichomonas stableri
599:Trichomonas stableri
579:Trichomonas gallinae
522:Trichomonas stableri
513:Trichomonas gallinae
422:protein-coding genes
375:oxido-reductase and
198:Trichomonas stableri
180:Trichomonas gallinae
153:Trichomonas vulgaris
2947:Hypotrichomonadidae
2943:Hypotrichomonadida
1390:2015PLoSO..1019248R
1167:2007Sci...315..207C
479:cryptopleuromitosis
282:Habitat and ecology
3004:Tritrichomonadidae
2994:Monocercomonadidae
2985:Tritrichomonadida
2891:Spirotrichosomidae
2150:Trypanoplasmatidae
2115:Metakinetoplastina
2095:Prokinetoplastida
1842:Psalteriomonadidae
1832:Paravahlkampfiidae
3229:
3228:
3043:Taxon identifiers
3034:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
2999:Simplicimonadidae
2969:Honigbergiellidae
2854:
2853:
2772:Carpediemonadidae
2703:
2702:
2693:Streblomastigidae
2651:Paratrimastigidae
2647:Paratrimastigida
2614:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2465:Euglenamorphaceae
2438:Euglenomonadaceae
2434:Euglenomonadales
2188:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2089:Prokinetoplastina
2013:
2012:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1931:Stephanopogonidae
1799:Neovahlkampfiidae
1795:Neovahlkampfiida
1756:
1755:
1746:Pharyngomonadidae
1742:Pharyngomonadida
1736:Pharyngomonadidea
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
754:Trichomonas brixi
750:Trichomonas tenax
704:Trichomonas tenax
607:Trichomonas tenax
571:Trichomonas brixi
547:Trichomonas tenax
507:Trichomonas tenax
226:
225:
220:
211:
207:Trichomonas tenax
202:
193:
184:
175:
166:
157:
3254:
3247:Metamonad genera
3222:
3221:
3209:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3186:
3185:
3173:
3172:
3160:
3159:
3147:
3146:
3134:
3133:
3121:
3120:
3111:
3110:
3098:
3097:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3038:
2896:Staurojoeninidae
2865:
2844:Retortamonadidae
2767:Carpediemonadida
2742:
2720:
2709:
2688:Saccinobaculidae
2636:
2627:
2581:
2574:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2514:
2470:Euglenocapsaceae
2354:Heteronemataceae
2350:Heteronematales
2329:
2199:
2174:Trypanosomatidae
2135:Rhynchomonadidae
2099:Ichthyobodonidae
2068:
2024:
1971:
1962:
1926:Percolomonadidae
1837:Plaesiobystridae
1814:
1765:
1733:
1726:
1715:
1686:Tsukubamonadidae
1674:
1665:
1607:
1598:
1591:
1587:
1491:
1471:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1426:
1421:
1411:
1401:
1363:
1362:
1321:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1259:
1248:
1247:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1186:
1161:(5809): 207â12.
1141:
1130:
1129:
1119:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1013:
1004:
1003:
975:
966:
965:
929:
910:
909:
899:
872:"Trichomoniasis"
867:
842:
841:
831:
799:
782:
781:
745:
736:
735:
725:
697:
680:
679:
663:
657:
656:
654:
652:
633:
295:urogenital tract
271:
270:
257:
256:
219:
210:
201:
192:
183:
174:
165:
156:
67:
66:
35:
21:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3217:
3212:
3204:
3202:
3194:
3189:
3181:
3176:
3168:
3163:
3155:
3150:
3142:
3137:
3129:
3124:
3116:
3114:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3045:
3035:
3010:
2979:Trichomonadidae
2974:Tricercomitidae
2928:Cristamonadida
2912:
2906:Trichonymphidae
2901:Teratonymphidae
2850:
2839:Chilomastigidae
2829:Retortamonadida
2778:
2759:Carpediemonadea
2753:
2731:
2716:
2699:
2623:
2602:
2593:Ancyromonadidae
2557:
2553:Malawimonadidae
2510:
2481:
2411:
2380:
2320:
2295:
2274:
2268:Sphenomonadidae
2258:Sphenomonadidae
2223:
2217:Sphenomonadidae
2212:Petalomonadidae
2208:Petalomonadida
2180:
2169:Trypanosomatida
2110:
2084:
2080:Trypanophididae
2075:Bordnamonadidae
2057:
2046:Eupelagonemidae
2009:
1958:
1937:
1911:Percolomonadida
1848:
1805:
1789:Neovahlkampfiea
1784:
1752:
1722:
1711:
1690:
1678:Tsukubamonadida
1648:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1489:
1467:
1458:
1453:
1384:(4): e0119248.
1370:
1367:
1366:
1323:
1322:
1313:
1261:
1260:
1251:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1143:
1142:
1133:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1015:
1014:
1007:
977:
976:
969:
931:
930:
913:
869:
868:
845:
801:
800:
785:
747:
746:
739:
699:
698:
683:
665:
664:
660:
650:
648:
635:
634:
630:
625:
566:
555:
530:
495:
446:
389:
308:
284:
126:Trichomonadidae
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3260:
3258:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3234:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3210:
3200:
3187:
3174:
3161:
3148:
3135:
3122:
3112:
3099:
3086:
3071:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2989:Dientamoebidae
2983:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2964:Trichomonadida
2961:
2960:
2959:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2937:Devescovinidae
2934:
2926:
2924:Hexamastigidae
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2886:Hoplonymphidae
2883:
2881:Burmanymphidae
2875:Trichonymphida
2871:
2869:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2834:Caviomonadidae
2826:
2825:
2824:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2805:Spironucleidae
2802:
2797:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2727:Anaeramoebidae
2723:
2717:
2712:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2683:Pyrsonymphidae
2680:
2678:Polymastigidae
2675:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2644:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2598:Planomonadidae
2595:
2589:
2587:
2585:Ancyromonadida
2578:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2540:Malawimonadida
2533:
2524:
2511:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2421:
2419:
2417:Euglenophyceae
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2405:Peranemataceae
2399:
2398:
2397:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2374:Neometanemidae
2371:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2335:
2333:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2289:Entosiphonidae
2285:Entosiphonida
2282:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2254:Heterostavida
2252:
2251:
2250:
2248:Lentomonadidae
2245:
2240:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2205:
2203:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2032:
2030:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1894:Vahlkampfiidae
1888:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1771:
1769:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1739:
1737:
1730:
1729:Pharyngomonada
1723:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1564:Mesomycetozoea
1561:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1500:Diaphoretickes
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1365:
1364:
1337:(1): 101â112.
1311:
1249:
1198:
1131:
1102:(2): 444â495.
1082:
1043:
1005:
986:(1â2): 37â42.
967:
911:
882:(4): 794â803.
843:
814:(9): 404â418.
808:Microbial Cell
783:
764:(5): 247â255.
737:
681:
658:
627:
626:
624:
621:
620:
619:
611:
603:
595:
583:
575:
565:
562:
554:
551:
537:trichomoniasis
529:
526:
494:
491:
445:
442:
414:repetitive DNA
388:
385:
307:
304:
283:
280:
233:is a genus of
224:
223:
222:
221:
212:
203:
194:
185:
176:
167:
158:
146:
145:
141:
140:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
116:Trichomonadida
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3259:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:Calonymphidae
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:Trichomonadea
2915:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:Trichonymphea
2866:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2790:Diplomonadida
2788:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2661:Trimastigidae
2659:
2658:
2657:Trimastigida
2656:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2640:Anaeromonadea
2637:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:Malawimonadea
2528:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2504:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2448:Eutreptiaceae
2446:
2445:
2444:Eutreptiales
2443:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2401:Peranematida
2400:
2396:
2395:Teloproctidae
2393:
2392:
2391:Acroglissida
2390:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2360:Natomonadida
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:Petalomonadea
2200:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:Parabodonidae
2143:
2142:
2141:Parabodonida
2140:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Allobodonidae
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2104:Perkinselidae
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2063:Kinetoplastea
2060:
2052:
2051:Hemistasiidae
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2004:
2003:Postgaardidae
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1854:Heterolobosea
1851:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1827:Gruberellidae
1825:
1824:
1823:Lyromonadida
1822:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1779:
1778:Selenaionidae
1776:
1775:
1774:Selenaionida
1773:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:Discicristata
1705:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1661:Tsukubamonada
1659:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:Moramonadidae
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1527:Stramenopiles
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1490:(major groups
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1222:(5): 481â92.
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
974:
972:
968:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
940:(6): 733â47.
939:
935:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
912:
907:
903:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
844:
839:
835:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
784:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
744:
742:
738:
733:
729:
724:
719:
715:
711:
707:
705:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
682:
677:
674:(in French).
673:
669:
662:
659:
646:
645:NCBI taxonomy
642:
640:
632:
629:
622:
617:
616:
612:
609:
608:
604:
601:
600:
596:
593:
589:
588:
584:
581:
580:
576:
573:
572:
568:
567:
563:
561:
559:
552:
550:
548:
544:
542:
538:
534:
527:
525:
523:
519:
515:
514:
509:
508:
503:
499:
492:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
443:
441:
439:
435:
434:ribosomal RNA
431:
427:
426:Transfer RNAs
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
403:
399:
395:
394:
386:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
363:, to produce
362:
358:
357:hydrogenosome
354:
350:
346:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
305:
303:
300:
296:
292:
288:
281:
279:
277:
276:
265:
261:
251:
250:Ancient Greek
247:
243:
239:
236:
232:
231:
218:
217:
213:
209:
208:
204:
200:
199:
195:
191:
190:
186:
182:
181:
177:
173:
172:
168:
164:
163:
159:
155:
154:
150:
149:
147:
142:
139:
138:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
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56:
53:
50:stained with
49:
48:
43:
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3050:
2749:Kipferliidae
2673:Oxymonadidae
2631:Anaeromonada
2577:Planomonadea
2344:Anisonemidae
2313:
2306:
2279:Entosiphonea
2243:Keelungiidae
2238:Decastavidae
2234:Decastavida
2130:Neobodonidae
2121:Neobodonida
2041:Diplonemidae
1998:Calkinsiidae
1993:Postgaardida
1986:Bihospitidae
1982:Bihospitida
1890:Tetramitida
1884:Naegleriidae
1879:Tulamoebidae
1810:Eutetramitia
1644:Stygiellidae
1619:Andaluciidae
1549:Opisthokonta
1381:
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1334:
1330:
1326:
1282:(1): 32â40.
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1024:(1): 56â62.
1021:
1017:
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979:
937:
934:Parasitology
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875:
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761:
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448:
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424:were found.
417:
411:
407:Trichomonas'
406:
401:
397:
391:
390:
361:mitochondria
348:
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341:
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334:
323:microtubules
310:
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151:
136:
135:
102:(unranked):
45:
42:trophozoites
24:
18:
3165:iNaturalist
3095:Trichomonas
3081:Trichomonas
3075:Wikispecies
3051:Trichomonas
2860:Parabasalia
2822:Dysnectidae
2810:Hexamitidae
2800:Octomitidae
2783:Eopharyngia
2668:Oxymonadida
2570:Planomonada
2460:Euglenaceae
2369:Distigmidae
2339:Anisonemida
2264:Ploeotiida
2036:Diplonemida
2019:Glycomonada
1975:Postgaardea
1966:Postgaardia
1916:Barbeliidae
1874:Naegleriida
1817:Lyromonadea
1639:Ophirinidae
1624:Histionidae
1063:: 181â198.
716:(1): 1â10.
639:Trichomonas
558:Trichomonas
498:Trichomonas
487:chromosomes
475:Trichomonas
461:Trichomonas
453:trophozoite
449:Trichomonas
430:amino acids
428:for all 20
398:Trichomonas
377:hydrogenase
349:Trichomonas
342:Trichomonas
335:Trichomonas
319:kinetosomes
311:Trichomonas
299:Trichomonas
287:Trichomonas
260:Trichomonas
230:Trichomonas
137:Trichomonas
106:Parabasalia
92:Subphylum:
25:Trichomonas
3242:Metamonads
3236:Categories
2817:Dysnectida
2795:Giardiidae
2621:Metamonada
2455:Euglenales
2364:Astasiidae
2332:Anisonemea
2028:Diplonemea
1956:Euglenozoa
1761:Tetramitia
1720:Percolozoa
678:: 385â386.
651:4 February
623:References
444:Life cycle
438:chromosome
373:ferredoxin
306:Morphology
86:Metamonada
3103:AlgaeBase
2737:Fornicata
2714:Trichozoa
2475:Phacaceae
2428:Rapazidae
2424:Rapazida
2385:Peranemea
2325:Spirocuta
2194:Euglenida
2162:Bodonidae
1904:Creneidae
1900:Creneida
1867:Acrasidae
1629:Jakobidae
1544:Amoebozoa
1522:Alveolata
1510:Cryptista
1485:Eukaryota
1077:967953815
1069:0001-7124
962:206247917
528:In humans
465:endocytic
353:organelle
291:anaerobic
246:vaginitis
235:anaerobic
96:Trichozoa
76:Eukaryota
3144:51375444
3115:BioLib:
3060:Wikidata
2548:Imasidae
2522:Neolouka
2508:Loukozoa
2308:Hemiolia
2228:Alistosa
2157:Bodonida
1862:Acrasida
1669:Tsukubea
1611:Jakobida
1594:Jakobida
1539:Amorphea
1517:Rhizaria
1505:Hacrobia
1495:Excavata
1480:Bacteria
1456:Excavata
1418:25923521
1378:PLOS ONE
1359:18438912
1351:25273632
1306:24918075
1236:11001145
1193:17218520
1126:22688819
1000:14651873
954:24476968
906:15489349
838:28357378
778:28238869
592:vultures
553:In birds
493:Diseases
468:vacuoles
457:amoeboid
387:Genetics
381:hydrogen
369:pyruvate
327:axostyle
315:flagella
264:flagella
238:excavate
144:Species
122:Family:
82:Phylum:
72:Domain:
3183:1303945
3157:5428667
3066:Q309497
2315:Liburna
2300:Karavia
1921:Lulidae
1768:Lunosea
1602:Jakobea
1581:Discoba
1554:Animals
1475:Archaea
1409:4418965
1386:Bibcode
1297:4047957
1244:5852015
1184:2080659
1163:Bibcode
1155:Science
1117:3372258
829:5354568
732:3894667
564:Species
483:mitosis
331:nucleus
132:Genus:
112:Order:
3219:604554
3203:NZOR:
3170:464406
3118:132268
1532:Plants
1469:Domain
1416:
1406:
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1242:
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520:, and
451:has a
355:: the
52:Giemsa
3214:WoRMS
3178:IRMNG
3108:50430
1559:Fungi
1355:S2CID
1240:S2CID
958:S2CID
275:Monas
269:ÎŒÎżÎœÎŹÏ
252:word
3196:5721
3191:NCBI
3152:GBIF
3131:7ZFR
1414:PMID
1347:PMID
1302:PMID
1232:PMID
1210:and
1189:PMID
1122:PMID
1073:OCLC
1065:ISSN
1034:PMID
996:PMID
950:PMID
902:PMID
834:PMID
774:PMID
728:PMID
653:2019
504:and
255:ΞÏÎŻÎŸ
40:Two
3139:EoL
3126:CoL
3090:AFD
1404:PMC
1394:doi
1339:doi
1335:114
1292:PMC
1284:doi
1224:doi
1214:".
1179:PMC
1171:doi
1159:315
1112:PMC
1104:doi
1026:doi
988:doi
984:118
942:doi
938:141
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884:doi
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816:doi
766:doi
718:doi
416:in
365:ATP
333:of
262:âs
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