279:
50:
33:
71:
341:
864:
Adl SM, Bass D, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, Agatha S, Berney C, Brown MW, Burki F, Cárdenas P, Čepička I, Chistyakova L, del Campo J, Dunthorn M, Edvardsen B, Eglit Y, Guillou L, Hampl V, Heiss AA, Hoppenrath M, James TY, Karnkowska A, Karpov S, Kim E, Kolisko M, Kudryavtsev A, Lahr DJG,
705:
Kang, Seungho; Tice, Alexander K; Spiegel, Frederick W; Silberman, Jeffrey D; Pánek, Tomáš; Čepička, Ivan; Kostka, Martin; Kosakyan, Anush; Alcântara, Daniel M C; Roger, Andrew J; Shadwick, Lora L; Smirnov, Alexey; Kudryavtsev, Alexander; Lahr, Daniel J G; Brown, Matthew W (September 2017).
331:
to generate the schizont stage. Although both morphotypes have been observed and kept in laboratory cultures over the decades, this alternation of generations has never been observed in them, which adds a layer of complexity to the unusual, poorly understood behavior of these amoebae.
309:
stages within its life cycle: the "schizont", an amoeba surrounded by a test covered in flexible spicules, and the "gamont", an amoeba surrounded by a more flexible and fibrous test without spicules. According to studies written by
865:
Lara E, Le Gall L, Lynn DH, Mann DG, Massana R, Mitchell EAD, Morrow C, Park JS, Pawlowski JW, Powell MJ, Richter DJ, Rueckert S, Shadwick L, Shimano S, Spiegel FW, Torruella G, Youssef N, Zlatogursky V, Zhang Q (2019).
251:, known as a dactylopodium, shaped like a digit. The dactylopodium is considered a sensory structure. Its morphology, behavior and life cycle are extraordinary in comparison with other
561:"187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution"
1131:
1051:
1064:
1118:
1038:
609:"Omics of an Enigmatic Marine Amoeba Uncovers Unprecedented Gene Trafficking from Giant Viruses and Provides Insights into Its Complex Life Cycle"
757:"Longamoebia is not monophyletic: Phylogenomic and cytoskeleton analyses provide novel and well-resolved relationships of amoebozoan subclades"
1213:
1077:
1241:
208:
that present extraordinary morphological transformations, both in size and shape, during their life cycle. They can present a
70:
462:
Up to four species have been described within the genus, mainly based on the morphology of the spicules that cover their
1069:
512:
524:
346:
500:
978:
340:
471:
415:
278:
49:
32:
1200:
1082:
1016:
809:
433:
409:
1218:
282:
1246:
843:
166:
65:
1144:
1056:
1025:
896:
835:
778:
737:
684:
640:
582:
1149:
1136:
660:"The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists"
432:
but to a distinct, yet related, organism. This change, however, was not accepted by the 2019
958:
927:
886:
878:
825:
817:
768:
727:
719:
674:
630:
620:
572:
1191:
397:
317:
286:
244:
213:
209:
813:
798:"New insights on the evolutionary relationships between the major lineages of Amoebozoa"
635:
608:
962:
931:
891:
866:
830:
797:
732:
707:
483:
463:
412:
314:
659:
428:, after considering that the type strain of this species does not belong to the genus
1235:
847:
679:
1109:
1030:
381:
248:
1001:
625:
607:
Tekle, Yonas I.; Tran, Hanh; Wang, Fang; Singla, Mandakini; Udu, Isimeme (2023).
1185:
1010:
773:
756:
577:
560:
306:
259:
undergoes dramatic changes in shape and size. They can grow from as small as 10
1176:
821:
297:, showing various sizes of amoebae including a large amoeba cell with a large (
321:
272:
264:
260:
202:
867:"Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes"
723:
389:
377:
373:
298:
268:
240:
221:
217:
115:
102:
92:
82:
900:
839:
782:
741:
688:
644:
586:
212:
that may or may not be covered in spicules. They are related to the family
372:
has been controversial, but most recent studies place it within the class
1170:
1103:
995:
252:
205:
1123:
1043:
311:
236:
882:
328:
324:
972:
385:
339:
277:
1205:
275:
that they can be easily mistaken with other species of amoebae.
976:
708:"Between a Pod and a Hard Test: The Deep Evolution of Amoebae"
290:
490:
by other authors, but has not been formally merged back into
216:, which contains other amoebae with tests, within the clade
796:
Tekle YI, Wang F, Wood FC, Anderson OR, Smirnov A (2022).
486:, ATCC 40318. It is not accepted as a separate genus
305:
Controversial reports describe an alternation of two
1160:
1093:
985:
658:Adl SM, Simpson AG, Farmer MA, et al. (2005).
559:Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE, Lewis R (June 2016).
444:"until the opposite is shown". Another genus,
8:
700:
698:
392:, at the base of Tubulinea, containing both
271:. They can display such varied recognizable
945:Angell, Robert W. (1976). "Observations on
602:
600:
598:
596:
255:. During its poorly understood life cycle,
973:
859:
857:
48:
31:
20:
890:
829:
772:
731:
678:
634:
624:
576:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
356:is the sole accepted genus of the family
914:Angell, Robert W. (1975). "Structure of
540:
667:The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
424:to comprise an undescribed species of
761:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
565:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
434:revision of eukaryotic classification
7:
755:Tekle YI, Wood FC (September 2017).
478:— described from the only strain of
301:) nucleus (arrow). Scale bar: 10 ÎĽm.
450:, is considered to be a synonym of
320:in 1899, the gamont stage produces
963:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1976.tb03788.x
932:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1975.tb00937.x
871:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
440:is considered a junior synonym of
14:
680:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x
384:analyses of Amoebozoa recover a
368:. The phylogenetic placement of
69:
712:Molecular Biology and Evolution
43:sp. with dactylopodium (arrow)
263:to giant cell sizes of over 1
1:
454:, although with uncertainty.
380:. In particular, since 2017,
247:and a specialized non-motile
626:10.3390/microbiolres14020047
951:The Journal of Protozoology
920:The Journal of Protozoology
774:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.019
578:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.023
1263:
947:Trichosphaerium platyxyrum
822:10.1038/s41598-022-15372-7
513:Trichosphaerium platyxyrum
396:and amoebae of the family
144:Sheehan & Banner, 1973
239:characterized from other
172:
165:
66:Scientific classification
64:
60:in its giant amoeba form
56:
47:
39:
30:
23:
525:Trichosphaerium sieboldi
1242:Taxa described in 1878
916:Trichosphaerium micrum
501:Trichosphaerium micrum
360:(sometimes written as
350:
302:
724:10.1093/molbev/msx162
613:Microbiology Research
484:genetically sequenced
416:Thomas Cavalier-Smith
343:
281:
476:Cavalier-Smith, 2016
418:described the genus
327:, which fuse into a
267:, observable by the
187:Cavalier-Smith, 2016
814:2022NatSR..1211173T
283:Immunocytochemistry
472:Atrichosa algivora
351:
303:
1229:
1228:
1145:Open Tree of Life
1095:Trichosphaeriidae
979:Taxon identifiers
883:10.1111/jeu.12691
517:R.W. Angell, 1976
505:R.W. Angell, 1975
358:Trichosphaeriidae
243:by a multiporous
194:
193:
161:
145:
140:Trichosphaeriidae
131:
1254:
1222:
1221:
1209:
1208:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1153:
1152:
1140:
1139:
1127:
1126:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1086:
1085:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1059:
1047:
1046:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1006:
1005:
1004:
974:
967:
966:
942:
936:
935:
911:
905:
904:
894:
861:
852:
851:
833:
808:(11173): 11173.
793:
787:
786:
776:
752:
746:
745:
735:
718:(9): 2258–2270.
702:
693:
692:
682:
664:
655:
649:
648:
638:
628:
604:
591:
590:
580:
556:
530:
518:
506:
477:
364:) and the order
344:Illustration of
188:
180:
159:
143:
129:
74:
73:
52:
35:
21:
16:Genus of amoebae
1262:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1217:
1212:
1204:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1156:
1148:
1143:
1135:
1130:
1122:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1089:
1081:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1017:Trichosphaerium
1015:
1014:
1009:
1000:
999:
994:
987:Trichosphaerium
981:
971:
970:
944:
943:
939:
913:
912:
908:
863:
862:
855:
795:
794:
790:
754:
753:
749:
704:
703:
696:
662:
657:
656:
652:
606:
605:
594:
558:
557:
542:
537:
529:Schneider, 1878
528:
516:
504:
492:Trichosphaerium
480:Trichosphaerium
475:
460:
452:Trichosphaerium
442:Trichosphaerium
430:Trichosphaerium
426:Trichosphaerium
406:
398:Microcoryciidae
394:Trichosphaerium
370:Trichosphaerium
354:Trichosphaerium
338:
318:Fritz Schaudinn
295:Trichosphaerium
287:plasma membrane
257:Trichosphaerium
233:Trichosphaerium
230:
214:Microcoryciidae
198:Trichosphaerium
186:
179:Schaeffer, 1926
178:
160:Schneider, 1878
158:
155:Trichosphaerium
142:
128:
68:
58:Trichosphaerium
41:Trichosphaerium
25:Trichosphaerium
17:
12:
11:
5:
1260:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1210:
1197:
1182:
1166:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1141:
1128:
1115:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1074:
1061:
1048:
1035:
1022:
1007:
991:
989:
983:
982:
977:
969:
968:
957:(3): 357–364.
937:
906:
853:
788:
747:
694:
673:(5): 399–451.
650:
619:(2): 656–672.
592:
539:
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
520:
519:
508:
507:
496:
495:
482:that has been
459:
456:
413:protozoologist
405:
402:
376:of the phylum
337:
334:
315:protozoologist
235:is a genus of
229:
226:
220:of the phylum
201:is a genus of
192:
191:
190:
189:
181:
170:
169:
163:
162:
151:
147:
146:
137:
133:
132:
123:
119:
118:
113:
106:
105:
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96:
95:
90:
86:
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76:
75:
62:
61:
54:
53:
45:
44:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1259:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1178:
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1133:
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1116:
1111:
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1079:
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1032:
1027:
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1008:
1003:
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993:
992:
990:
988:
984:
980:
975:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
941:
938:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
910:
907:
902:
898:
893:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
860:
858:
854:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
792:
789:
784:
780:
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766:
762:
758:
751:
748:
743:
739:
734:
729:
725:
721:
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713:
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699:
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686:
681:
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614:
610:
603:
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588:
584:
579:
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570:
566:
562:
555:
553:
551:
549:
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541:
534:
527:
526:
522:
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510:
509:
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502:
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457:
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411:
403:
401:
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387:
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371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
349:
348:
342:
335:
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330:
326:
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319:
316:
313:
308:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
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254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
227:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
204:
200:
199:
185:
182:
177:
174:
173:
171:
168:
164:
157:
156:
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149:
148:
141:
138:
135:
134:
127:
124:
121:
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117:
114:
111:
108:
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101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
72:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1161:
1094:
986:
954:
950:
946:
940:
923:
919:
915:
909:
877:(1): 4–119.
874:
870:
805:
801:
791:
764:
760:
750:
715:
711:
670:
666:
653:
616:
612:
568:
564:
523:
511:
499:
491:
487:
479:
470:
461:
451:
446:
445:
441:
437:
429:
425:
420:
419:
407:
393:
382:phylogenomic
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:
345:
304:
294:
285:staining of
256:
249:pseudopodium
232:
231:
197:
196:
195:
183:
175:
154:
153:
139:
130:Möbius, 1889
125:
109:
57:
40:
24:
18:
1186:Wikispecies
1011:Wikispecies
767:: 249–260.
571:: 275–296.
362:Trichosidae
347:T. sieboldi
336:Systematics
322:flagellated
307:trophozoite
273:morphotypes
1236:Categories
1192:Trichosida
1162:Trichosida
1110:Q109883677
535:References
400:together.
366:Trichosida
293:(blue) of
289:(red) and
228:Morphology
203:amoebozoan
126:Trichosida
1247:Amoebozoa
1002:Q14505113
949:sp. n.".
926:: 18–22.
918:sp. n.".
848:247231712
488:Atrichosa
438:Atrichosa
421:Atrichosa
408:In 2016,
390:Corycidia
388:known as
378:Amoebozoa
374:Tubulinea
299:polyploid
269:naked eye
241:Amoebozoa
222:Amoebozoa
218:Corycidia
184:Atrichosa
116:Corycidia
103:Tubulinea
93:Amoebozoa
83:Eukaryota
1177:Q4770223
1171:Wikidata
1104:Wikidata
996:Wikidata
901:30257078
840:35778543
783:28669813
742:28505375
689:16248873
645:37752971
636:10521059
587:27001604
447:Pontifex
436:, where
410:American
404:Synonyms
253:protists
206:protists
176:Pontifex
167:Synonyms
136:Family:
89:Phylum:
79:Domain:
1206:2970133
1150:4806300
1124:4378336
1057:1302605
1044:4378334
892:6492006
831:9249873
810:Bibcode
802:Sci Rep
733:5850466
458:Species
325:gametes
237:amoebae
150:Genus:
122:Order:
99:Class:
1137:113394
1083:136799
1070:498011
899:
889:
846:
838:
828:
781:
740:
730:
687:
643:
633:
585:
329:zygote
312:German
1214:WoRMS
1132:IRMNG
1078:WoRMS
1052:IRMNG
1031:63W48
844:S2CID
663:(PDF)
386:clade
110:Clade
1219:1320
1119:GBIF
1065:NCBI
1039:GBIF
897:PMID
836:PMID
779:PMID
738:PMID
685:PMID
641:PMID
583:PMID
464:test
245:test
210:test
1201:EoL
1026:CoL
959:doi
928:doi
887:PMC
879:doi
826:PMC
818:doi
769:doi
765:114
728:PMC
720:doi
675:doi
631:PMC
621:doi
573:doi
291:DNA
1238::
1216::
1203::
1188::
1173::
1147::
1134::
1121::
1106::
1080::
1067::
1054::
1041::
1028::
1013::
998::
955:23
953:.
924:22
922:.
895:.
885:.
875:66
873:.
869:.
856:^
842:.
834:.
824:.
816:.
806:12
804:.
800:.
777:.
763:.
759:.
736:.
726:.
716:34
714:.
710:.
697:^
683:.
671:52
669:.
665:.
639:.
629:.
617:14
615:.
611:.
595:^
581:.
569:99
567:.
563:.
543:^
466:.
265:mm
261:ÎĽm
224:.
112::
965:.
961::
934:.
930::
903:.
881::
850:.
820::
812::
785:.
771::
744:.
722::
691:.
677::
647:.
623::
589:.
575::
494:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
