91:
20:
168:
Members of
Tugendbund were mostly liberal nobles, representatives of the intelligentsia and officials. Society was established on a network of groups dedicated to cultivating patriotic feelings, with ultimate goal the liberation of German territory from French occupation. This was the reason that
159:
Under
Napoleon's pressure, who tried to suppress anti-French feelings, Frederick William III ordered the suppression of such publications and leaflets. The Tugendbund has been terminated in late 1809, while the surviving officers were convicted and were dismissed for their role in the uprising.
70:, officially named it "Scientific society for the exercise of morality" (Sittlich Wissenschaftlicher-Verein). Despite the fact that the specific society was approved by Frederick William III on June 30, 1808, it met the hostility of
102:
The objectives of
Tugendbund were apparently pedagogical. However, some members, encouraged by the successes of the Spanish revolt, were persuaded that they needed more direct
152:, just before the border with Westphalia. The revolt allegedly caused the enthusiasm of local people, without, however, any kind of military support. Schill was killed in
90:
423:
418:
71:
368:
285:
413:
144:. Schill participated in Tugendbund after the war and was in contact with Katte and Dörnberg. In April 1809 Schill led his regiment of
390:
260:
122:. However, he failed to rouse the local population and decamping and scattering his military body of volunteers returned to
47:
204:
were represented, too, although in a smaller proportion. The overall society's network was made up from groups of East
137:, the capital of Westphalia. Dörnberg was eventually defeated by the troops of Westphalia and fled to England.
130:
156:, in May 1809. By June of the same year leaflets naming him a hero and good patriot circulated in Berlin.
111:
79:
141:
169:
promoted practical reforms and moral improvement through education. Although it was open to all
386:
364:
281:
256:
95:
75:
344:
229:
35:
407:
19:
328:
213:
63:
51:
398:
The Long Ride of Major von Schill: A Journey through German
History and Memory
303:
The Long Ride of Major von Schill: A Journey through German
History and Memory
181:
170:
115:
305:(Kindle Book). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 94–105.
209:
153:
119:
383:
itnessing the
Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars in German Central Europe.
253:
Witnessing the
Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars in German Central Europe
193:
185:
174:
103:
43:
217:
205:
201:
197:
145:
39:
189:
149:
134:
123:
107:
78:. The society was initially banned by Napoleonic decree and then by
89:
18:
38:
founded in June 1808, in order to revive the national spirit of
317:
Preußen 1807–1813. Staat und Volk als Idee und in
Wirklichkeit
376:
Preußen 1807–1813. Saat und Volk als Idee und in
Wirklichkeit
400:(KINDLE BOOK). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
133:, former military, led another uprising, aiming to occupy
329:
Nobilität im
Sittlich-Wissenschaftlichen Verein 1808–1809
220:. The society was officially terminated in January 1810.
180:
By August 1809 Tugendbund had 748 members, mostly senior
280:. New York: Edward Arnold Publishers. pp. 126–27.
345:
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Tugendbund
8:
255:. NY: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 160–162.
140:Most famous of all riots was the revolt of
343:, 3rd Edition. (1970-1979). (8 June 2015)
246:
244:
114:, former Prussian officer led a revolt in
74:who sought to promote his own view on the
72:Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein
240:
177:, it never became a mass organization.
363:. New York: Edward Arnold Publishers.
66:lodges of Koningsberg who established
7:
424:Organizations disestablished in 1810
129:Soon another member of Tugendbund,
14:
419:Organizations established in 1808
46:. It was established after the
1:
341:The Great Soviet Encyclopedia
319:, Cologne: Grote, σσ. 108–14.
414:Secret societies in Germany
50:, in the spring of 1808 at
440:
361:Napoleonic Wars, 1803–1815
278:Napoleonic Wars, 1803–1815
381:Leighton, James (2013). W
126:, where he was arrested.
86:Objectives and rebellions
396:Mustafa, Sam A. (2008).
385:NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
374:Ibbeken, Rudolf (1970),
315:Ibbeken, Rudolf (1970),
301:Mustafa, Sam A. (2008).
251:Leighton, James (2013).
94:Wilhelm von Dörnberg by
48:Battle of Jena–Auerstedt
99:
42:after their defeat by
24:
359:Gates, David (1997).
276:Gates, David (1997).
93:
80:Frederick William III
22:
142:Ferdinand von Schill
131:Wilhelm von Dörnberg
34:was a quasi-Masonic
23:Ferdinand von Schill
339:Tugendbund. (n.d.)
112:Friedrich von Katte
100:
82:in December 1809.
25:
378:, Cologne: Grote.
369:978-0-340-61447-1
287:978-0-340-61447-1
96:Ludwig Emil Grimm
431:
348:
337:
331:
326:
320:
313:
307:
306:
298:
292:
291:
273:
267:
266:
248:
118:aiming to seize
110:. In April 1809
76:Prussian reforms
32:League of Virtue
439:
438:
434:
433:
432:
430:
429:
428:
404:
403:
356:
351:
338:
334:
327:
323:
314:
310:
300:
299:
295:
288:
275:
274:
270:
263:
250:
249:
242:
238:
226:
166:
106:action against
88:
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
437:
435:
427:
426:
421:
416:
406:
405:
402:
401:
394:
391:978-0230249172
379:
372:
355:
352:
350:
349:
332:
321:
308:
293:
286:
268:
262:978-0230249172
261:
239:
237:
234:
233:
232:
230:Secret society
225:
222:
165:
162:
87:
84:
59:
56:
36:secret society
16:Secret society
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
436:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
411:
409:
399:
395:
392:
388:
384:
380:
377:
373:
370:
366:
362:
358:
357:
353:
346:
342:
336:
333:
330:
325:
322:
318:
312:
309:
304:
297:
294:
289:
283:
279:
272:
269:
264:
258:
254:
247:
245:
241:
235:
231:
228:
227:
223:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
163:
161:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
97:
92:
85:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
57:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
397:
382:
375:
360:
354:Bibliography
340:
335:
324:
316:
311:
302:
296:
277:
271:
252:
179:
167:
158:
139:
128:
101:
67:
61:
31:
27:
26:
214:Brandenburg
182:bureaucrats
171:professions
98:(1790–1863)
52:Koningsberg
408:Categories
164:Membership
116:Westphalia
68:Tugendbund
62:The three
28:Tugendbund
210:Pomerania
186:academics
175:religions
154:Stralsund
120:Magdeburg
40:Prussians
224:See also
202:artisans
198:students
104:military
44:Napoleon
218:Silesia
206:Prussia
194:Traders
146:Hussars
64:masonic
58:History
389:
367:
284:
259:
190:clergy
150:Saxony
135:Kassel
124:Berlin
108:France
236:Notes
30:, or
387:ISBN
365:ISBN
282:ISBN
257:ISBN
216:and
200:and
188:and
173:and
148:in
410::
243:^
212:,
208:,
196:,
192:.
184:,
54:.
393:.
371:.
347:.
290:.
265:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
