Tyntesfield - Knowledge (XXG)

713: 1373: 533: 516:, which argued for the revival of the medieval Gothic style, and "a return to the faith and the social structures of the Middle Ages". The Oxford Movement, of which both Pugin and Gibbs were disciples, later took this philosophy a step further and claimed that the Gothic style was the only architecture suitable for Christian worship. Thus it became a symbolic display of Christian beliefs and lifestyle, and was embraced by devout Victorians such as Gibbs. The completion of the mansion's chapel further accentuated the building's medieval 31: 47: 844:, which had been commissioned from Collier and Plucknett, was further extended. New items were also ordered from Collier and Plucknett. Simultaneously, Antony had electricity installed, an early UK example of houses being lit in this way. Antony spent the first night after turning on the electrical system watching the main entrance light, to ensure that it did not create a fire and was hence safe for his family. At some point between 1868 and 1884 a water hydraulic 1579: 1020: 1227: 937: 861: 788: 1445: 1528: 1269: 1547:. After opening, the decision was made to relocate the estate's entire sawmill to the building, to enable better access to electrical power. The steam engines were replaced by diesel generators, and electricity was provided from the national grid post-WW2. In the 1960s, the sawmill was decommissioned and all wood sold to third party contractors to be converted into sawn wood products. 549: 1214: 54: 1518:

The aviary at Tyntesfield is situated to the west of the house, adjacent to the footings of the old conservatory. It was built in 1880 to house exotic birds, but was converted into a playhouse for Doreen, the first Lord Wraxall's daughter. The aviary is considered one of the most distinctive features

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and Nimbus Conservation Ltd in an innovative partnership, whereby 12 trainee stonemasons worked alongside professional craftsmen to hone their skills and carry out the specialist stonework needed. The Trust also introduced workshops for other restoration professionals, academics and eventually opened

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After taking ownership in 2002, National Trust staff secured the house and gardens, preserving them and the contents, and then catalogued the contents of the house which had been collected by the four generations of the family. Starting out with a staff of 30 volunteers, by 2013 the total of employed

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Under the Trust's ownership the sawmill has been renovated and converted into a combined learning, educational and rentable function space for businesses and members of the public. It is most often used by National Trust staff and volunteers to educate visiting school groups. The building now houses

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A five year project by the National Trust, underway in 2022, to conserve ancient, veteran and notable trees, in a number of sites across Bristol, included Tyntesfield. The Tyntesfield site is of additional national significance because its many ancient and veteran trees support populations of rare,

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redesign the hallway staircase. This allowed more light to permeate the lower floors from the glazed lantern roof, and hence turn the hallway into a reception room. Woodyer also extended the Dining Room by taking in part of the original housekeeper's room. Crace's original wallpaper – a British

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Many of the family's extensive collection of paintings, most sourced from Spain by William, were donated to the Trust. In part this was due to their poor condition, which involved not just water but also ironically guano damage. The most important painting in the collection is the 17th-century work

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was the architect. Norton's design enveloped the original house. He added an extra floor, two new wings and towers. Norton emphasised the importance of architectural continuity in restoration and rebuilding relating to several historical periods. As a result, while some walls remained plain, others

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The budget for the works was £420,000, with initial work focused on stabilising the foundations and lower masonry. Much of this was achieved through the injection of stabilising materials into the foundations, which needed time to cure and solidify. Works then progressed to the walls and roof, and

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The initial conservation work focused around weatherproofing the house. The repair of the roof, which is 20 times the size of the average British family's home, was made possible by the erection of an extensive free-standing scaffold roof structure. At the height of the restoration works, 28 miles

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of Tyntesfield's chapel, through fears that it would take power away from the local population fully into Gibb's hands. Despite this, the chapel formed a central part of life at Tyntesfield, and prayers were said twice-daily by the family and their guests. Throughout their period of residence, the

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requirements and the delays these could cause to the essential preservation works. But the need for cash dictated the answer, and the Trust learnt that, through giving the public close access to the preservation works, they actually gave more additional donations as a result of seeing where their

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pattern. The entire property was rewired with special cabling, copper sheathed (fire and rodent proofed). Much of the original lead piping was replaced and a fireproofing scheme, mainly through the design of a suitable compartmentation system was designed and implemented. Interior scaffolding was

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in Devon. The total cost of redevelopment to create a house with 23 main bedrooms and 47 in total including servants' accommodation came to £70,000 (equivalent to £8,460,000 in 2023). The sum was equivalent to 18 months' gross profit from all of Gibbs's business interests. After completion of the

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The Home Farm buildings were built in the 1880s, split over two levels. To the south is a two-storey covered yard with a timber roof structure, used for the rearing of farm animals. On the upper level is the main yard, where to the east and west are two wings, one side of which housed the former

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As a result of the auction, the former "Tyntesfield Estate" no longer exists. The National Trust purchased only the main central part of the Estate which comprises the house, the kitchen garden, and the park. The trust also sold off additional lands. The resultant preserved house and surrounding

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Once the Trust took ownership, scaffolding was placed in the hallway to repair the roof lantern. While this was in place the architectural paint analyst Lisa Oestreicher was able to examine the decorative scheme that had been used in the spaces and room frequented by the public. Three principal

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When Richard died, the trust he had set up stated that, should the trustees agree by majority that the estate should be sold, such a sale should be completed within 12 months, and to the highest bidder. The house and estate of 1,000 acres (400 ha) of farmland, 650 acres (260 ha) of

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In his later life, Richard Gibbs recognised that the diverse interests of the large family, and the need to invest heavily in even basic refurbishment of the house to make it weather-secured and habitable, would require the family to sell Tyntesfield. Recognising also that substantial

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in June 2002, after a fundraising campaign to prevent it being sold to private interests and ensure it would be open to the public. The house was opened to visitors for the first time just 10 weeks after the acquisition, and as more rooms are restored they are added to the tour.

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The Library is regarded as the most important gentleman's library in the possession of the Trust. The carpet and some of the furnishings in the Library were designed by Crace, whilst the book collection is the most extensive Victorian library collection owned by the Trust.

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Lord Wraxall's widow, Ursula, Lady Wraxall, was left with two children under two years of age, little income, and a large estate. Noted for her efficiency and practicality, when the clock tower, the focal point of the house, needed substantial repairs in 1935 to overcome

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The house sits within 150 acres (61 ha) of parkland, which the Trust gained from the auction and retained around the property to preserve the house within its environment. The wooded park leads down a tree-lined drive to balustraded terraces, and paths lead to the

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in 1962 by the second Lord Wraxall). William Gibbs died in the house on 3 April 1875. After a service at the estate chapel on 9 April, 30 estate workers carried his coffin to All Saints Church, Wraxall. He is buried within the family plot in the church grounds.

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his principal residence. Tyntes Place was downgraded to a farmhouse and leased to John Vowles. In 1813, George Penrose Seymour of the adjoining Belmont estate purchased the property and gave it to his son, the Rev. George Turner Seymour. He in turn built a new

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and several top architects and historians. The Trust's appeal collected £8.2 million in just 100 days, with: £3 million+ from the public; and two substantial anonymous donations of £1 million and £4 million. The Trust also received funding from the

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The Grade II*listed buildings needed full renovation, which took a secondary priority in the Trust's plans after the house. The Trust have converted the buildings into an integrated and self-contained visitor centre, which opened in mid-2011 with:

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phases were identified: 1860s original; 1870s updates and adaptions; 1887–90 redecoration, which returned the main spaces to the original green colours and motifs created by Crace. Once lantern repairs were complete, the Trust replaced the elderly

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he required a residence in the area; thus it was, in 1843, he came to buy Tyntes Place, which he subsequently renamed Tyntesfield. Within a few years of making his purchase, Gibbs began a major programme of rebuilding and enlarging of the mansion.

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From the latter part of the nineteenth century onwards, William Gibbs and descendants added interesting specimens to the existing trees in the two areas of parkland to the South and West of the house and gardens. The estate now has fourteen

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installed in the 43 feet (13 m) high hallway to repair the lantern rooflight, and to provide access to other high points of the interior. These initial works cost more than £10 million, much of which was raised through donations via the

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The architectural style selected for the rebuilding was a loose Gothic combining many forms and reinventions of the medieval style. The choice of Gothic was influenced by William and Blanche Gibb's Anglo-Catholic beliefs as followers of the

680:. The result was that Gibbs ordered a number of specially commissioned pieces from the firm, including a fully fitted bathroom for his wife. All of these fine pieces of craftsmanship were added to by Gibb's expanding collection of artworks. 659:

The interiors were also in the Gothic style. Crace was again engaged to remodel the interiors, in some places extending or adapting his initial works, in others providing new schemes. Other notable features of the house are glass by

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Restaurant: the former two-story covered yard has been fully renovated and converted into a cafe/restaurant; it also houses the gift shop. A new-build staircase, lift and bridge walkway all in steel provide access from the upper

648:, chimneys and attic dormers. Norton topped the design with an irregular roof, its various pitches and gables emphasising the building's asymmetrical architecture. The final external addition was a huge ironwork conservatory by 1061:

Concerned with the demolition and desecration of various historic country houses since the end of the Second World War – 450 great houses were completely demolished in England between 1945 and 1955 – in the 1970s the

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in conditions which the Peruvian government acknowledged in 1856 had degenerated "into a kind of Negro slave trade". The firm's profits from this trade were such that William Gibbs became the richest non-noble man in England.

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The Grade II*listed Orangery was once the architectural focal point of the kitchen garden complex. But when the Trust bought the property, the Orangery was in such a precarious state of deterioration that it was on

1241:, Dining Room and Chapel. During restoration, the National Trust, for the first time, allowed visitors to become involved in the restoration process and "witness the challenge of bringing Tyntesfield back to life." 1599:. Maintenance work is timed to fit in with hibernating and mating schedules, and new roosts are created during any building work. Visitors may see some of the property's bats on a closed-circuit television system. 2677: 2404: 2434: 602:

as "severe". During restoration, stonemasons either conserved or, on occasion, copy-carved new sections, carving new mouldings to replace standard architectural elements that formed the weathering, as well as

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them to interested members of the public, where all were educated in a hands-on environment in the skills required to repair the building. For this crafts-based training initiative, in 2011 the Trust won a

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and at Christmas. In praise of the resultant final building, Yonge described the chapel as the final completion of the Tyntesfield project, providing "a character to the household almost resembling that of

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would become payable on his death, Richard drew up a will based around a trust that would allow his fortune to pass to the surviving children of his brother and half sister, a total of 19 beneficiaries.

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for a repair grant, but was turned down. As a result, damp, and latterly birds, entered the house through the roof light, until the house came into the ownership of the National Trust and was repaired.

692:(later Lord Aldenham), which enabled him to purchase two adjoining properties – including Belmont to the east from his nephew George Lewis Monck Gibbs – to create a farming estate, founded on 1111:, which took seven years to open to the public, and competing with no special status amongst the bidders, the rumoured competitors to the Trust were listed by the media to have included composer Lord 905:

style, In the process, Crace's stencilling was over painted and then covered by damasked silk, the Norton fireplace was removed, the furniture replaced with Edwardian pieces, and the carpet dyed by

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where he attained the rank of Major. He married Janet Louisa Merivale on 22 June 1872, and returned to Tyntesfield to manage the family estate. Antony held various positions of authority, including

1313:, which hangs in the middle of one of the walls of the hall. It was cleaned and repaired by local art conservators Bush and Berry, who are based in a chapel William Gibbs built in the village of 1006:, bombs cut off the estate's water supply, and during a later raid, one bomb badly damaged the lantern roof light over the hallway. In 1946, after the end of the war, Lady Wraxall applied to the 988: 1070:

to catalogue and assess the remaining Victorian country houses across the United Kingdom for significance and structural integrity. He published his findings in a report, and later in the book

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a year over the old oil-fired boiler. Another section of the former wood shed was used as a new roost site for bat species, creating a "bat palace". The centre was opened in May 2009 by

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tubes covered the building's entire exterior. This allowed repairs and restoration to take place over 18 months, including the final restoration of the original bold red and black tiled

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management. Added to further by later land purchases, at its peak the Tyntesfield estate spanned over 6,000 acres (2,400 ha), encompassing 1,000 acres (400 ha) of forest, from

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air so beloved by the Oxford Movement's devotees. When completed, the ecclesiastical design was reinforced by a dominating square tower with a steeply pitched roof adorned by four

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was installed by Waygood and Co., the remains of which were discovered in 2008. A wooden lift car was discovered on the ground floor and a 55-inch (1,400 mm) spanning

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Seven children were born to William and Matilda. All were devout Anglicans, with William and his wife being supporters of the Oxford Movement. He was a major benefactor of

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established a facility for wounded soldiers, known as the 74th General Hospital, in the estate grounds. The construction of this temporary tented village resulted in the

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to the people of Wraxall in memory of two boys he had apprenticed from the village. The Tyntes had originally lived on the estate, but by the early 1800s, John had made

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finally the decorative embellishments. Today, while part of the Orangery is a dedicated café, the rest is used for training new craftsmen and restoration specialists.

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imitation of Japanese paper, that itself imitated Spanish tooled leather – was lightened by a 14-year-old apprentice who hand-painted in a cream background. The

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A separate building to the east provides power and heat to the visitor centre, using a combination of solar thermal panels, photovoltaic cells and a biomass boiler.

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are particularly important buildings of more than special interest, whereas Grade II buildings are of special interest, warranting every effort to preserve them.

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Ten of the seventeen species of UK bat are found on the property, eight within the structure of the house alone. Species found include the rare and threatened

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designed an irregular roof to emphasise the asymmetrical design. This picture was taken in September 2005, before the restoration of the roof and its distinct

375:. In the 1860s Gibbs had the house significantly expanded and remodelled; a chapel was added in the 1870s. The Gibbs family owned the house until the death of 4419: 4439: 1698: 352: 3860: 2103: 1468:

and red brick. It has a seven-bay east/west plan with central entrances and three bays north–south, topped by a fully glazed ironwork hipped-roof. An

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Christie's originally estimated the house contents at in excess of 10,000 items, but by 2008 a total of 30,000 items had been listed including:

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mansion on the site of the former Saddler's Tenement, and demolished the old farmhouse. Further remodelling was undertaken by Robert Newton of

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A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 6: Andersfield, Cannington, and North Petherton Hundreds (Bridgwater and neighbouring parishes)

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In 2002, after its purchase by the National Trust but before its opening to the public, the house and its contents were explored in the

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Bath Stone, while the south (rear), which is mainly allocated to the service area and servants quarters, is faced in cheaper red-tinged

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The centre of the house is occupied by the hallway and staircase, which show the greatest number of changes since the original design.

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The Trust had been reluctant to allow visitors to the house while work was underway, especially taking into account the costs of

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it became the largest US Army hospital in Europe. During the hostilities, management of the estate's farmland was assumed by the

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By the late 1700s, John Tynte owned what is now the Tyntesfield estate; at that time the house was approached by an avenue of

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power across the estate. The engines were housed in what is now called the Engine Room, while the Lantern Room held multiple

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Panoramic view of the entrance area, showing (left to right) the library, entrance hall, main house, bedroom wing and chapel

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gardens sat on a total of 150 acres (61 ha) of land are now simply known as Tyntesfield. Charlton Farm, is now home to

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View of the approach to the house from the west via the visitors centre, effectively to the rear of the property. Architect

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with carved face and hair. By 2013 the inventory had risen to 47,154 items, with still more rooms to unpack and catalog.

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at Christie's auction in New York, which had hung at Tyntesfield since William purchased it until some time after 1910.

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Rebuilding work did not begin in earnest until 1863, when William Gibbs had the property substantially remodelled in a

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in the north to south of the valley in which the main house lay. The house and estate employed more than 500 workers.

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Built in 1897, it is a rare surviving example of a late Victorian orangery in the Classical style, constructed from

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magazine (the central clock tower shown was demolished in 1935 at the decision of Lady Wraxall, owing to dry rot)

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Visitor access to Tyntesfield is via the B3128 road. The nearest train station is 2 miles (3.2 km) away at

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piggery. The farm offices make up the north wing, to fully enclose the square but gently south-sloping yard.

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campaign. On his return to England he married the Hon. Victoria Florence de Burgh Long; the couple moved to

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Located on a site originally occupied by a foreman's office when the land was used for quarrying, the new

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attack, having reduced his usage of the substantial accommodation within Tyntesfield to just three rooms.

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The estate then passed to William's eldest son Antony. After graduating with a Master of Arts degree from

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Tyntesfield in WWII: The Story of an American Army Hospital 1943–45 and the Tyntesfield 'village' 1946–60

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in Paris. The chapel was licensed for family services, used daily for prayers, but was never consecrated.

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main building works, Gibbs created more cash by selling shares in Antony Gibbs & Sons to his nephew

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and volunteer staff exceeded 600, more than the number engaged by any other National Trust property.

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were adorned with Gothic and naturalistic carvings to fit in with the previous architectural styles.

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in which Gibbs intended to be buried. However, combined opposition from both the vicar of the local

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There is no other Victorian country house which so richly represents its age as Tyntesfield.

725: 487:(known as Blanche), principally lived in London, for the greater part of his marriage at 16 247: 1484:. The centre entrance bay on the west front towards the kitchen garden breaks forward as a 1260:

with a replica design by Linney Cooper, bought with £45,000 from public lottery donations.

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Gibbs' final addition to Tyntesfield was added between 1872 and 1877, when he commissioned

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rubble, and has some plastered finishes. All facades have many Gothic main windows, Tudor

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estate. The family had lived in the area since the 1500s, but their primary residence was

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building was completed in 1899, providing electricity via two enclosed steam engines and

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and the former concrete-lined lake, which has been empty since the Second World War.

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While the reconstruction on the house was being undertaken, William Gibbs had rented

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pointing. All stone was accurately matched to the original, with Veyzeys quarry near

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The land on which the house and its estate were developed was originally part of the

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Tyntesfield Sawmill buildings, now fully restored and converted to a Learning Centre

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has earmarked a further £25 million for the major conservation work that is needed.

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family would also open the chapel to local people on an annual basis, often during

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was sold into private hands, having been since 1927 the home of the Downs School.

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contracted to secure the sale of the house and estate contents via a separate

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View from the eastern formal gardens looking up towards the house, April 2008

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Survived by a daughter, Albina, George's first wife died at Tyntesfield from

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Plant centre: excess plants raised by the gardeners are sold to raise funds

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Operation Bolero: The Americans in Bristol and the West Country 1942–45

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to add a Gothic chapel to the north side of the house. Modelled on the

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mansion was built on the site, which was bought by English businessman

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Secondhand books stall: proceeds from which raise funds for the Trust

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served as a colonel in the North Somerset Yeomanry and served in the

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William and Blanche Gibbs and family at Tyntesfield, c. 1862–63

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in 1920. In 1927, George married Ursula Mary Lawley, a daughter of

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carpet destroyed by contractors working for Christie's with a new

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Richard died unmarried in 2001 from complications arising from an

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The stable block at Tyntesfield, the roof of which is a bat roost

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woodlands, plus 30 houses and cottages, were listed for sale by

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To preserve and restore the Orangery, the Trust teamed-up with

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The Victorian Country House: From the Archives of Country Life

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Demonstration area: country crafts from visiting crafts people

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trees, planted after they were bequeathed in the 1678 will of

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Having not bought a country house since the 1991 purchase of

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Under his ownership, the Drawing Room was redecorated in a

656:, a cousin of Blanche Gibbs, as "like a church in spirit". 633:) and north (entrance courtyard) are faced in one shade of 3627:"Tyntesfield wins major award for restoration of Orangery" 1096:

in three main lots (total estimated at £15 million); with

928:. George died at Tyntesfield on 28 October 1931, aged 58. 1042:. He never married and was succeeded by his brother, Sir 207:

26 main bedrooms, 43 in total including servants quarters

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Structures on the Heritage at Risk register in Somerset

2753: 2751: 2749: 2370:"Tyntesfield House, servants wing and chapel (1129053)" 1205:

money was going and how they were making a difference.

3763:"Tyntesfield House's biomass boiler to be switched on" 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2652: 2650: 1197:

campaign and the sale of lottery tickets to visitors.

668:, ironwork by Hart, Son, Peard and Co. and mosaics by 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 1868: 1866: 1864: 321: 4380:

Tyntesfield photographic/panoramic tour from the BBC

4232:

The buildings of England: North Somerset and Bristol

3358:. Western Daily Press. 29 March 2011. Archived from 1758:"Tyntesfield roof uncovered after years under wraps" 1127:, launched a £35 million appeal in May 2002 via the 774:

was much idealized by 19th-century Anglo-Catholics.

1815:"ALVA - Association of Leading Visitor Attractions" 1284:designed silver; original print books by Pugin and 1237:Principal rooms include the Library, Drawing Room, 390:The mansion was visited by 356,766 people in 2019. 302: 292: 282: 256: 229: 224: 216: 211: 201: 196: 186: 176: 168: 160: 121: 113: 99: 89: 79: 74: 66: 23: 4127: 4100: 3387:. Western Daily Press. 9 June 2011. Archived from 1046:, a diplomat, who became the third Baron Wraxall. 652:to the rear. The result was described by novelist 4063:Dunning, R. W., ed. (1992). "Goathurst: Manors". 3187:"Tyntesfield Grade I listed building, Bristol UK" 626:in 1973, and has since been upgraded to Grade I. 4251:"History of the House and Family at Tyntesfield" 3733:"The story of the Sawmill Centre at Tyntesfield" 3072: 3070: 856:George Abraham Gibbs, 1st Baron Wraxall: 1907–31 629:The front (facing east over the gardens towards 483:Throughout his life, William Gibbs and his wife 455:In 1843, the property was bought by businessman 4210:Fertile Fortune – The Story of Tyntesfield 3948:https://oftv.co.uk/work/lost-world-tyntesfield/ 3411:"Principles of Selection for Listing Buildings" 1272:Tyntesfield is decorated with large amounts of 1076: 960:was relocated to the property, and in 1941 the 459:, who made his fortune in the family business, 4321:. Nailsea and District Local History Society. 4256:. Kennet Valley National Trust. Archived from 3683:"Twittering 1880s style at Tyntesfield estate" 3565: 3563: 3379: 3377: 2456: 2454: 2452: 1555:for the main house, which saves 141 tonnes of 879:in Devon. Between 1918 and 1928, he served as 4375:Tyntesfield information at the National Trust 4190:Period Living & Traditional Homes Escapes 3252: 3019:"The Campaign To Save the Tyntesfield Estate" 2893: 2891: 1704:List of National Trust properties in Somerset 359:until the early 19th century. In the 1830s a 8: 2899:"Trust 'hopeful' of buying historic mansion" 1104:(total estimated at a further £15 million). 994:Bombs often landed on the estate during the 716:The chapel, built 1872–1877, is modelled on 508:advocated the view set out in the architect 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 1015:Richard Gibbs, 2nd Baron Wraxall: 1979–2001 991:, leaving Lady Wraxall only the Home Farm. 552:Image of Tyntesfield in an 1866 edition of 4410:Grade I listed buildings in North Somerset 4170:My Dear Uncle William, Tyntesfield Letters 3913:"Top calorie-busting National Trust walks" 3629:. InNorthSomerset.co.uk. 3 November 2011. 3266:"English Country House Libraries (page 4)" 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 1699:Grade I listed buildings in North Somerset 1639:. The house was featured in the 2017 film 1230:The Drawing Room, photographed in 1878 by 998:. In September 1940, during a raid on the 968:breaching what was then England's longest 20: 4385:Wikidata List of paintings at Tintesfield 3514: 2793: 2507:inflation figures are based on data from 2303: 2301: 1407:vulnerable and endangered invertebrates. 752:decreeing that he would not sanction the 744:and the church's patron, a member of the 2882: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1506:sponsored English Heritage Angel Award. 1317:. In 2011 the Trust bought the painting 16:Country house in North Somerset, England 4425:Gothic Revival architecture in Somerset 3330:"Highlights from Tyntesfield, Somerset" 2718:. Parks and Gardens Data Services Ltd. 2608: 2241: 1892:. Parks and Gardens Data Services Ltd. 1855: 1744: 1720: 1519:of the estate, and is Grade II listed. 869:George Abraham Gibbs, 1st Baron Wraxall 3988: 3685:. Bristol Evening Post. Archived from 3633:from the original on 20 September 2016 3441: 3316: 3240: 2870: 2855: 2843: 2778: 2757: 2698: 2656: 2596: 2584: 2572: 2560: 2548: 2536: 2253: 2124: 2053: 1995: 1957: 1945: 1872: 1843: 1647:Agatha Christie novel of the same name 1319:The Mater Dolorosa (Mother of Sorrows) 891:in 1928, for which his appointment as 4415:National Trust properties in Somerset 3977:from the original on 10 November 2021 3863:from the original on 25 February 2023 3478:The Woodland Trust (21 August 2022). 3268:. Beautiful Libraries. Archived from 3167:from the original on 19 December 2013 3089:from the original on 20 December 2013 3045:"Lottery cash pledge for Tyntesfield" 2999:from the original on 25 November 2005 2740: 2339:"Servants' wing and chapel (1129053)" 2197:from the original on 12 December 2013 2011:Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition 1977:from the original on 30 December 2013 1461:in the highest priority category, A. 1164:to children with terminal illnesses. 1131:campaign, with support from designer 220:40,000 sq ft (3,700 m) 7: 3925:from the original on 29 January 2014 3803:from the original on 3 December 2013 3773:from the original on 3 December 2013 3607:from the original on 1 February 2014 3581:from the original on 22 October 2013 3298:from the original on 1 November 2012 3292:"National Trust libraries gazetteer" 3141:from the original on 8 November 2012 3115:from the original on 1 February 2014 3025:from the original on 1 February 2014 2989:"Famous flock to save historic hall" 2680:from the original on 1 February 2014 2628:. National Trust/CIBSE Lifts Group. 2491: 2407:from the original on 23 October 2013 2286:from the original on 23 October 2013 2065: 983:, at one point in the war following 975:. With many tents later replaced by 4328:from the original on 12 August 2011 4020:from the original on 7 October 2018 3793:"Tyntesfield gets new learning hub" 3496:from the original on 6 October 2022 3055:from the original on 19 August 2017 2969:from the original on 20 August 2017 2939:from the original on 19 August 2017 2909:from the original on 19 August 2017 2437:from the original on 8 January 2014 2189:Hill, Rosemary (24 February 2012). 2170:from the original on 16 August 2016 2106:from the original on 21 August 2014 594:The house is built of two types of 562:In 1854 William Gibbs commissioned 53: 4420:Historic house museums in Somerset 4390:Stonemasons working at Tyntesfield 4083:from the original on 24 April 2014 3893:from the original on 18 March 2013 3823:"Tyntesfield's bat policy praised" 3718:National Heritage List for England 3077:Siddique, Haroon (5 August 2008). 2635:from the original on 27 March 2014 2375:National Heritage List for England 2344:National Heritage List for England 1925:National Heritage List for England 1611:. Bus services are available from 1570:, who partially funded the works. 343:, England. The house is a Grade I 14: 4440:Grade I listed houses in Somerset 4249:Steven, Terry (17 January 2011). 3336:from the original on 24 June 2013 3111:. Children's Hospice South West. 2722:from the original on 4 March 2016 1896:from the original on 4 March 2016 1825:from the original on 7 March 2012 382:Tyntesfield was purchased by the 3833:from the original on 30 May 2009 3603:. BritishListedBuildings.co.uk. 3548:from the original on 9 June 2011 3215:. National Trust. Archived from 1971:"Reverend George Turner Seymour" 1480:half-column supports and corner 1038:. He spent eight years with the 732:in Paris, it housed an organ by 524:, which was demolished in 1935. 52: 45: 29: 2712:"Tyntesfield, Bristol, England" 2461:Giles Worsley (20 April 2002). 2311:. Victorian web. Archived from 1886:"Tyntesfield, Bristol, England" 1401:on The National Tree Register. 1142:National Heritage Memorial Fund 471:. This was mined by indentured 367:, whose huge fortune came from 159: 4187:Lilwall-Smith, Andrew (2005). 4126:Greenacre, Francis W. (2003). 3332:. National Trust Collections. 2959:"Historic estate goes on sale" 832:. The couple had 10 children. 485:Matilda Blanche Crawley-Boevey 1: 3944:The Lost World of Tyntesfield 2929:"'Remarkable' house for sale" 2219:. Pusey House. Archived from 2166:. Building Conservation.com. 1633:The Lost World of Tyntesfield 1158:Children's Hospice South West 989:Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) 956:During the Second World War, 932:Ursula, Lady Wraxall: 1931–79 835:During the 1880s, Antony had 830:Deputy Lieutenant of Somerset 3739:. 6 May 2009. Archived from 451:Purchase by the Gibbs family 309:Tyntesfield @ National Trust 4314:Wright, Peter (June 2003). 4103:The Victorian Country House 4069:. Oxford University Press. 2463:"Faith, hope and a charity" 1472:with protruding horizontal 1072:The Victorian Country House 1028:George Richard Lawley Gibbs 4456: 4435:Country houses in Somerset 3653:"The orangery restoration" 3163:. Parks & Gardens UK. 3135:"The History of the Downs" 2670:"Tyntesfield Drawing Room" 2397:"Tyntesfield conservatory" 1665:. It also featured in the 1635:, hosted by art historian 1615:. The grounds include six 893:Treasurer of the Household 742:All Saints Church, Wraxall 3998:Cite uses generic title ( 3601:"Orangery at Tyntesfield" 1459:Heritage at Risk Register 1323:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo 1000:Bristol Aeroplane Company 922:George (known as Richard) 570:all in the Gothic style. 307: 40: 28: 4405:Houses completed in 1863 3853:"Timetables | First Bus" 3480:"What are ancient trees" 3189:. Harsco. Archived from 2814:. Probus. Archived from 2282:. Minerva Conservation. 2191:"Pugin, God's architect" 2016:Adam & Charles Black 1329:Home Farm Visitor Centre 883:and was elevated to the 768:Little Gidding community 750:Bishop of Bath and Wells 650:Hart, Son, Peard and Co. 579:William Cubitt & Co. 287:William Cubitt & Co. 273:Hart, Son, Peard and Co. 4349:Hogg, David J. (2009). 4276:Wakefield, Ken (1994). 4168:Hogg, David J. (2011). 4044:Boyce, Michael (2012). 3021:. Everett Generations. 2509:Clark, Gregory (2017). 2164:"Tyntesfield Interiors" 2100:Oxford University Press 2032:Chinese Bondage in Peru 1920:"Tyntesfield (1000570)" 1645:, an adaptation of the 1133:Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen 1066:commissioned architect 1057:National Trust purchase 977:prefabricated buildings 962:U.S. Army Medical Corps 895:had been instrumental. 822:North Somerset Yeomanry 734:William Hill & Sons 461:Antony Gibbs & Sons 225:Design and construction 35:Tyntesfield, south side 4351:Diaries of Tyntesfield 4295:Wright, Peter (1990). 4208:Miller, James (2006). 4193:. Jarrold Publishing. 4149:Hall, Michael (2009). 3953:18 August 2022 at the 3571:"Tyntesfield Orangery" 3213:"Conserving the house" 2029:Stewart, Watt (1951). 1583: 1532: 1449: 1425:and frames, the large 1377: 1277: 1234: 1218: 1080: 1024: 941: 865: 818:Exeter College, Oxford 812:Antony Gibbs:1875–1907 792: 783:William Gibbs: 1846–75 721: 676:, furniture makers of 581:were the builders and 559: 545: 355:, which was used as a 244:(Internal adjustments) 4109:Yale University Press 3577:. 17 September 2011. 3487:woodland trust.org.uk 2674:Country Life Magazine 2431:Country Life Magazine 2427:"Tyntesfield Hallway" 2401:Country Life Magazine 2037:Duke University Press 1597:greater horseshoe bat 1581: 1568:Heritage Lottery Fund 1530: 1447: 1432:and quarters for the 1375: 1351:Farm-themed play area 1271: 1229: 1216: 1022: 939: 864:The staircase gallery 863: 797:Keble College, Oxford 790: 715: 674:Collier and Plucknett 607:most of the miles of 551: 535: 277:Collier and Plucknett 4048:. SilverWood Books. 3528:"South West England" 2716:Parks and Gardens UK 1890:Parks and Gardens UK 1677:The Abominable Bride 1609:Nailsea and Backwell 1593:lesser horseshoe bat 1497:City of Bath College 1172:Initial conservation 826:Justice of the Peace 654:Charlotte Mary Yonge 145:51.44056°N 2.71167°W 3967:"Log into Facebook" 3689:on 26 December 2013 3243:, pp. 174–175. 2808:"Tyntesfield House" 2806:Rayfield, Suzanne. 2473:on 27 February 2010 2244:, pp. 348–349. 2223:on 20 November 2013 1768:on 19 December 2013 1663:Christina Hendricks 1564:Dame Jenny Abramsky 1545:lead acid batteries 1282:William Butterfield 1113:Andrew Lloyd Webber 1008:Ministry of Defence 958:Clifton High School 881:MP for Bristol West 852:in the roof space. 504:. This wing of the 428:Sir Charles Harbord 141: / 90:Architectural style 75:General information 4212:. National Trust. 4134:. National Trust. 3857:www.firstbus.co.uk 3663:on 1 February 2014 3457:. National Trust. 3423:on 4 December 2012 3391:on 2 February 2014 3362:on 2 February 2014 3255:, p. 119-122. 3253:Lilwall-Smith 2005 3219:on 1 February 2014 3193:on 2 February 2014 2818:on 2 February 2014 2505:Retail Price Index 1669:television series 1623:In popular culture 1584: 1533: 1450: 1378: 1278: 1235: 1219: 1195:"Save Tyntesfield" 1129:"Save Tyntesfield" 1025: 942: 866: 793: 722: 564:John Gregory Crace 560: 546: 150:51.44056; -2.71167 4360:978-0-9554457-3-6 4353:. David J. Hogg. 4306:978-0-9516257-0-5 4287:978-0-947554-51-4 4241:978-0-14-071013-7 4228:Pevsner, Nikolaus 4219:978-1-905400-40-9 4179:978-0-9554457-2-9 4160:978-1-84513-457-0 4118:978-0-300-02390-9 4076:978-0-19-722780-0 4055:978-1-78132-071-6 3883:"How to get here" 3769:. 26 April 2010. 3743:on 9 October 2013 3711:(29 April 2002). 3137:. Down's school. 2995:. 30 April 2002. 2965:. 19 April 2002. 2935:. 13 March 2002. 2743:, pp. 71–85. 2621:Cooper, David A. 2256:, pp. 63–64. 2217:"Oxford Movement" 2127:, pp. 59–64. 1202:Health and Safety 1160:, which provides 1040:Coldstream Guards 966:US Army Engineers 918:Sir Arthur Lawley 690:Henry Hucks Gibbs 620:oolitic limestone 600:Sir Simon Jenkins 489:Hyde Park Gardens 328:) is a Victorian 314: 313: 252: 245: 238: 212:Technical details 4447: 4364: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4327: 4320: 4310: 4299:. Peter Wright. 4291: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4262: 4255: 4245: 4223: 4204: 4183: 4164: 4145: 4133: 4122: 4106: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4059: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4010: 4004: 4003: 3996: 3994: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3963: 3957: 3946:, Oxford Films, 3941: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3709:Historic England 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3659:. Archived from 3649: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3567: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3547: 3539:English Heritage 3535:Heritage at Risk 3532: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3495: 3484: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3422: 3415: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3381: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3074: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2955: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2905:. 14 June 2002. 2895: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2782: 2776: 2761: 2755: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2645: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2634: 2627: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2552: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2469:. Archived from 2458: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2366:Historic England 2362: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2335:Historic England 2331: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2305: 2296: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2276: 2257: 2251: 2245: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2193:. guardian.com. 2186: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2162:Schmitz, Sarah. 2159: 2128: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2092: 2069: 2063: 2057: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2005: 1999: 1993: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1967: 1961: 1955: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1916:Historic England 1912: 1906: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1882: 1876: 1870: 1859: 1853: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1811: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1794:. National Trust 1784: 1778: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1764:. Archived from 1754: 1732: 1729:listed buildings 1725: 1685:in the episode " 1675:in the episode " 1455:English Heritage 1181:(45 km) of 1150:National Lottery 1115:, and pop stars 1109:Chastleton House 1023:The Drawing Room 996:blitz of Bristol 820:, he joined the 726:Arthur Blomfield 694:dairy production 347:named after the 335:and estate near 324: 250: 248:Arthur Blomfield 243: 236: 202:Other dimensions 156: 155: 153: 152: 151: 146: 142: 139: 138: 137: 134: 56: 55: 49: 33: 21: 4455: 4454: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4445: 4444: 4395: 4394: 4371: 4361: 4348: 4345: 4343:Further reading 4340: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4318: 4313: 4307: 4297:Villages at War 4294: 4288: 4280:. Crecy Books. 4275: 4266: 4264: 4263:on 4 March 2016 4260: 4253: 4248: 4242: 4226: 4220: 4207: 4201: 4186: 4180: 4167: 4161: 4153:. Aurum Press. 4148: 4142: 4125: 4119: 4099:(1 July 1979). 4095: 4086: 4084: 4077: 4062: 4056: 4043: 4034: 4033: 4023: 4021: 4012: 4011: 4007: 3997: 3987: 3980: 3978: 3965: 3964: 3960: 3955:Wayback Machine 3942: 3938: 3928: 3926: 3918:Daily Telegraph 3911: 3910: 3906: 3896: 3894: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3829:. 27 May 2009. 3821: 3820: 3816: 3806: 3804: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3776: 3774: 3761: 3760: 3756: 3746: 3744: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3636: 3634: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3599: 3598: 3594: 3584: 3582: 3575:Daily Telegraph 3569: 3568: 3561: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3541:. p. 177. 3530: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3482: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3465: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3440: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3383: 3382: 3375: 3365: 3363: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3339: 3337: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3301: 3299: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3272:on 15 July 2014 3264: 3263: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3194: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3170: 3168: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3144: 3142: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3118: 3116: 3109:"Charlton Farm" 3107: 3106: 3102: 3092: 3090: 3076: 3075: 3068: 3058: 3056: 3051:. 31 May 2002. 3043: 3042: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3002: 3000: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2972: 2970: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2942: 2940: 2927: 2926: 2922: 2912: 2910: 2897: 2896: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2869: 2862: 2854: 2850: 2842: 2831: 2821: 2819: 2812:Club de Pontivy 2805: 2804: 2800: 2792: 2785: 2777: 2764: 2756: 2747: 2739: 2735: 2725: 2723: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2697: 2693: 2683: 2681: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2655: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2625: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2611:, pp. 348. 2607: 2603: 2595: 2591: 2583: 2579: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2555: 2547: 2543: 2535: 2531: 2521: 2519: 2508: 2502: 2498: 2490: 2486: 2476: 2474: 2467:Daily Telegraph 2460: 2459: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2410: 2408: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2380: 2378: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2349: 2347: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2318: 2316: 2307: 2306: 2299: 2289: 2287: 2278: 2277: 2260: 2252: 2248: 2240: 2236: 2226: 2224: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2161: 2160: 2131: 2123: 2119: 2109: 2107: 2096:"William Gibbs" 2094: 2093: 2072: 2064: 2060: 2052: 2048: 2028: 2027: 2023: 2007: 2006: 2002: 1994: 1990: 1980: 1978: 1973:. Farringford. 1969: 1968: 1964: 1956: 1952: 1944: 1940: 1930: 1928: 1914: 1913: 1909: 1899: 1897: 1884: 1883: 1879: 1871: 1862: 1854: 1850: 1842: 1838: 1828: 1826: 1819:www.alva.org.uk 1813: 1812: 1808: 1797: 1795: 1786: 1785: 1781: 1771: 1769: 1756: 1755: 1746: 1736: 1735: 1726: 1722: 1712: 1695: 1637:Dan Cruickshank 1625: 1605: 1589: 1576: 1566:, Chair of the 1560: 1525: 1516: 1503:Daily Telegraph 1442: 1415: 1370: 1331: 1302: 1290:flock wallpaper 1266: 1224: 1211: 1174: 1162:palliative care 1059: 1017: 940:The Dining Room 934: 877:Clyst St George 858: 814: 805:Courage Brewery 785: 780: 772:Huntingdonshire 730:Sainte-Chapelle 718:Sainte-Chapelle 710: 624:listed building 592: 530: 506:Anglican Church 502:Oxford Movement 493:Port of Bristol 477:Chincha Islands 467:from Peru as a 453: 401: 396: 345:listed building 322: 283:Main contractor 257:Other designers 246: 239: 206: 149: 147: 143: 140: 135: 132: 130: 128: 127: 62: 61: 60: 59: 58: 57: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4453: 4451: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4397: 4396: 4393: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4370: 4369:External links 4367: 4366: 4365: 4359: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4311: 4305: 4292: 4286: 4273: 4246: 4240: 4224: 4218: 4205: 4199: 4184: 4178: 4165: 4159: 4146: 4141:978-1843590804 4140: 4123: 4117: 4097:Girouard, Mark 4093: 4075: 4060: 4054: 4040: 4032: 4031: 4005: 3958: 3936: 3904: 3887:National Trust 3874: 3844: 3814: 3799:. 6 May 2009. 3784: 3754: 3737:National Trust 3724: 3700: 3674: 3657:National Trust 3644: 3618: 3592: 3559: 3519: 3515:Greenacre 2003 3507: 3470: 3463: 3446: 3444:, p. 166. 3434: 3402: 3373: 3347: 3321: 3319:, p. 137. 3309: 3283: 3257: 3245: 3230: 3204: 3178: 3152: 3126: 3100: 3066: 3036: 3010: 2980: 2950: 2920: 2887: 2875: 2873:, p. 170. 2860: 2848: 2829: 2798: 2796:, p. 101. 2794:Wakefield 1994 2783: 2762: 2745: 2733: 2703: 2701:, p. 159. 2691: 2661: 2646: 2613: 2601: 2599:, p. 116. 2589: 2577: 2565: 2563:, p. 106. 2553: 2541: 2529: 2516:MeasuringWorth 2496: 2484: 2448: 2418: 2388: 2357: 2326: 2297: 2258: 2246: 2234: 2208: 2181: 2129: 2117: 2070: 2068:, p. 103. 2058: 2046: 2021: 2000: 1988: 1962: 1950: 1938: 1907: 1877: 1860: 1848: 1836: 1806: 1779: 1762:National Trust 1743: 1742: 1734: 1733: 1719: 1718: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1694: 1691: 1624: 1621: 1604: 1603:Visitor access 1601: 1588: 1585: 1575: 1572: 1558: 1553:biomass boiler 1524: 1521: 1515: 1512: 1441: 1438: 1419:kitchen garden 1414: 1413:Kitchen garden 1411: 1399:Champion Trees 1369: 1366: 1365: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1330: 1327: 1301: 1298: 1265: 1262: 1232:Bedford Lemere 1223: 1222:House interior 1220: 1210: 1207: 1173: 1170: 1166:Charlton House 1125:Fiona Reynolds 1064:National Trust 1058: 1055: 1016: 1013: 933: 930: 857: 854: 813: 810: 784: 781: 779: 776: 764:Little Gidding 736:, and below a 709: 706: 591: 588: 575:Gothic Revival 542:diaper-pattern 529: 526: 510:Augustus Pugin 473:Chinese labour 452: 449: 409:Halswell House 400: 397: 395: 392: 384:National Trust 349:Tynte baronets 341:North Somerset 330:Gothic Revival 312: 311: 305: 304: 300: 299: 297:Grade I listed 294: 290: 289: 284: 280: 279: 258: 254: 253: 231: 227: 226: 222: 221: 218: 214: 213: 209: 208: 203: 199: 198: 194: 193: 191:National Trust 188: 184: 183: 178: 174: 173: 170: 166: 165: 162: 158: 157: 125: 119: 118: 115: 111: 110: 108:North Somerset 101: 97: 96: 94:Gothic Revival 91: 87: 86: 81: 77: 76: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 51: 50: 44: 43: 42: 41: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4452: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4356: 4352: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4324: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4259: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4200:9780711735941 4196: 4192: 4191: 4185: 4181: 4175: 4172:. D.J. Hogg. 4171: 4166: 4162: 4156: 4152: 4147: 4143: 4137: 4132: 4131: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4104: 4098: 4094: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4038: 4019: 4015: 4009: 4006: 4001: 3992: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3937: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3875: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3845: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3815: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3788: 3785: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3758: 3755: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3728: 3725: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3704: 3701: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3675: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3648: 3645: 3632: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3606: 3602: 3596: 3593: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3529: 3523: 3520: 3517:, p. 39. 3516: 3511: 3508: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3474: 3471: 3466: 3464:9781911384977 3460: 3456: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3435: 3419: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3390: 3386: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3361: 3357: 3351: 3348: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3310: 3297: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3271: 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