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There are some jurisdictions that already make it illegal to discriminate on the basis of immutable forms of aesthetic appearance, including the
Australian state of Victoria, wherein lookism was officially recognized as an illegal form of discrimination in 1995. In the United States, several states
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wrote, "He was not a pretty man by any means, nor was he an ugly one; he was a homely man, careless of his looks, plain-looking and plain-acting. He had no pomp, display, or dignity, so-called. He appeared simple in his carriage and bearing. He was a sad-looking man; his melancholy dripped from him
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Ugliness is a property of a person or thing that is unpleasant to look upon and results in a highly unfavorable evaluation. The point of ugliness is to be aesthetically unattractive, unpleasing, repulsive, or offensive. There are many terms associated with visually unappealing or aesthetically
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is an aversion or fear of people who appear monstrous, have blemishes or are disfigured. When such an aversion is coupled with prejudice or discrimination, it may be viewed as a form of bullying. With the dating world or courtship, judging others purely based on their outward appearance is
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as he walked. His apparent gloom impressed his friends, and created sympathy for him—one means of his great success." The problem of ugliness also has a history within theology and
Christian thought, where it has often been associated with dangerous stereotypes.
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where unattractive people are "more likely to be recommended psychiatric care" than attractive people. Prejudice against ugliness is complex: Gretchen
Henderson suggests that there is, paradoxically, a cultural suspicion towards both beauty and ugliness.
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was described by a contemporary: "to say that he is ugly is nothing; to add that his figure is grotesque, is to convey no adequate impression." However, his looks proved to be an asset in his personal and political relationships, as his law partner
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also used his ugliness as a philosophical touch point, concluding that philosophy can save a person from their outward ugliness. Famous in his own time for his perceived ugliness,
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and a bloated, asymmetrical face, and he attributed many of his philosophical ideas to his lifelong struggle to come to terms with his self-described ugliness.
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Warhurst, Chris; van den Broek, Diane; Hall, Richard; Nickson, Dennis (February 2009). "Lookism: The New
Frontier of Employment Discrimination?".
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acknowledged as an attitude that does transpire, yet is often viewed as an approach that is superficial and shallow. Some research indicates a
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McKelvie, Stuart J.; Coley, James (1993). "Effects of crime seriousness and offender facial attractiveness on recommended treatment".
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Ruins, Nostalgia and
Ugliness. Five Romantic perceptions of Middle Ages and a spoon of Game of Thrones and Avant-garde oddity
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Reel, Justine J.; Bucciere, Robert A. (2010). "Ableism and body image: Conceptualizing how individuals are marginalized".
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Harris, Candice; Small, Jennie (2013). "Obesity and hotel staffing: Are hotels guilty of 'lookism'?".
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and major cities' jurisdictions have legislation prohibiting appearance-related discrimination.
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or prejudice against unattractive people is sometimes referred to as
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When you do not fit in: Ugliness as a
Theological Problem
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418:"Facial discrimination: Living with a disfigured face"
564:"Appearance: A New Protected Class Under Title VII?"
305:Six Months at the White House with Abraham Lincoln
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451:de Jong, Michelle; Collins, Anthony (2017).
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348:Journal of Industrial Relations
308:. New York: Hurd and Houghton.
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598:The dictionary definition of
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523:Ugliness: A Cultural History
243:"The Phenomenology of Ugly"
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216:. Berlin: Logos Verlag.
210:PerpinyĂ , NĂşria (2014).
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191:Ugly laws
141:Prejudice
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160:ableism
156:lookism
147:Lookism
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