108:
320:, the leg bone immediately above the foot, is short and stocky. Vastanavids had partially zygodactyl feet, as shown by skeletal features of the tarsometatarsus. The phylogenetic affinities of vastanavids are not well known, nor their ecologies. The feet of
397:"A reassessment of Eocene parrotlike fossils indicates a previously undetected radiation of zygodactyl stem group representatives of passerines (Passeriformes)"
581:
635:
454:
630:
640:
527:"A new stem parrot from the Green River Formation and the complex evolution of the grasping foot in Pan-Psittaciformes"
107:
582:"The Vastanavidae and Messelasturidae (Aves) from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK)"
274:
sites in India, Europe, and North
America. The vastanavids resemble parrots and the extinct parrot relative
472:"New specimens of the early Eocene bird Vastanavis and the interrelationships of stem group Psittaciformes"
337:
625:
361:
336:
Vastanavid birds have been found from three continents. Sites bearing vastanavid material include the
538:
483:
526:
645:
374:
224:
601:
562:
507:
424:
292:
The
Vastanavidae have a distinctive, parrot-like appearance. Notable anatomic features include a
102:
210:
554:
499:
450:
416:
593:
546:
491:
408:
317:
542:
487:
396:
470:
Mayr, G.; Rana, R. S.; Rose, K. D.; Sahni, A.; Kumar, K.; Smith, T. (1 December 2013).
619:
605:
369:
305:
296:
with a deep pit for the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder, comparable to that of
61:
566:
511:
428:
297:
276:
550:
597:
365:
162:
36:
495:
356:
346:
237:
197:
81:
46:
558:
503:
420:
471:
119:
86:
293:
267:
139:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
351:
341:
301:
281:
259:
91:
66:
412:
313:
271:
263:
129:
309:
149:
586:
Neues
Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie – Abhandlungen
449:. Fascinating life sciences (2nd ed.). Cham: Springer.
284:
foot, in which two toes could face opposite the other two.
344:
province, India, where numerous bones of two species of
580:
Mayr, Gerald; Kitchener, Andrew C. (28 February 2023).
525:
Ksepka, Daniel T.; Clarke, Julia A. (1 March 2012).
233:
220:
206:
193:
440:
438:
280:in their morphology, including the partially
8:
22:
270:birds. They are known from fossils from
387:
372:of Germany has produced the vastanavid
7:
364:in the United States as well as the
328:may have been adapted for grasping.
636:Prehistoric birds of North America
531:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
304:is built in a manner resembling
106:
1:
395:Mayr, Gerald (27 June 2015).
551:10.1080/02724634.2012.641704
631:Prehistoric birds of Europe
368:of the United Kingdom. The
262:family of birds related to
662:
354:mine. Another vastanavid,
641:Prehistoric bird families
496:10.1134/S0031030113110105
202:Ksepka & Clarke, 2012
190:
185:
103:Scientific classification
101:
25:
598:10.1127/njgpa/2023/1119
476:Paleontological Journal
18:Extinct family of birds
447:Paleogene fossil birds
338:Cambay Shale Formation
445:Mayr, Gerald (2022).
362:Green River Formation
350:have been found in a
360:, is known from the
543:2012JVPal..32..395K
488:2013PalJ...47.1308M
375:Eurofluvioviridavis
326:Eurofluvioviridavis
225:Eurofluvioviridavis
482:(11): 1308–1314.
456:978-3-030-87644-9
413:10.1111/zsc.12128
401:Zoologica Scripta
253:
252:
247:
230:
217:
203:
181:
653:
610:
609:
577:
571:
570:
522:
516:
515:
467:
461:
460:
442:
433:
432:
392:
241:
235:
228:
222:
215:
208:
201:
195:
179:
174:
111:
110:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
23:
661:
660:
656:
655:
654:
652:
651:
650:
616:
615:
614:
613:
579:
578:
574:
524:
523:
519:
469:
468:
464:
457:
444:
443:
436:
394:
393:
389:
384:
334:
318:tarsometatarsus
290:
216:Gingerich, 1987
178:
172:
105:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
19:
12:
11:
5:
659:
657:
649:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
618:
617:
612:
611:
592:(2): 113–139.
572:
537:(2): 395–406.
517:
462:
455:
434:
407:(6): 587–602.
386:
385:
383:
380:
333:
330:
289:
286:
251:
250:
249:
248:
231:
218:
204:
188:
187:
183:
182:
170:
166:
165:
160:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
28:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
658:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
621:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
576:
573:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
521:
518:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
466:
463:
458:
452:
448:
441:
439:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
391:
388:
381:
379:
377:
376:
371:
370:Geisel Valley
367:
363:
359:
358:
353:
349:
348:
343:
339:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:birds of prey
303:
299:
295:
287:
285:
283:
279:
278:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
245:
240:
239:
232:
227:
226:
219:
213:
212:
205:
200:
199:
192:
191:
189:
184:
177:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
109:
104:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
24:
21:
16:
626:Eocene birds
589:
585:
575:
534:
530:
520:
479:
475:
465:
446:
404:
400:
390:
373:
355:
345:
335:
332:Distribution
325:
321:
298:Quercypsitta
291:
277:Quercypsitta
275:
256:Vastanavidae
255:
254:
243:
236:
223:
209:
196:
176:Vastanavidae
175:
156:
26:Vastanavidae
20:
15:
366:London Clay
288:Description
163:Australaves
646:Neognathae
620:Categories
382:References
357:Avolatavis
347:Vastanavis
322:Avolatavis
282:zygodactyl
238:Vastanavis
229:Mayr, 2005
198:Avolatavis
180:Mayr, 2010
606:257598310
559:0272-4634
504:1555-6174
421:0300-3256
268:passerine
211:Calcardea
126:Kingdom:
120:Eukaryota
567:85308803
512:89380736
429:85599482
294:coracoid
169:Family:
140:Chordata
136:Phylum:
130:Animalia
116:Domain:
539:Bibcode
484:Bibcode
352:lignite
342:Gujarat
314:falcons
302:humerus
264:parrots
260:extinct
186:Genera
146:Class:
604:
565:
557:
510:
502:
453:
427:
419:
316:. The
300:. The
272:Eocene
258:is an
246:, 2007
244:et al.
32:Eocene
602:S2CID
563:S2CID
508:S2CID
425:S2CID
310:hawks
308:like
242:Mayr
157:Clade
555:ISSN
500:ISSN
451:ISBN
417:ISSN
324:and
312:and
266:and
150:Aves
37:PreꞒ
594:doi
590:307
547:doi
492:doi
409:doi
340:in
622::
600:.
588:.
584:.
561:.
553:.
545:.
535:32
533:.
529:.
506:.
498:.
490:.
480:47
478:.
474:.
437:^
423:.
415:.
405:44
403:.
399:.
378:.
214:?
159::
87:Pg
608:.
596::
569:.
549::
541::
514:.
494::
486::
459:.
431:.
411::
234:†
221:†
207:†
194:†
173:†
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
