292:, a working-class neighborhood) were deemed to be very outspoken, even vulgar, compared to their counterparts from Zaandam; some of the girls were rumored to have undressed a train conductor between Amsterdam and Zaandam. For Verkade, the benefit of hiring female workers was twofold: women were thought to have more delicate hands and be better at packaging brittle materials such as cookies and rusk, and they commanded lower wages than their male counterparts. In a tradition of paternalism, the company apparently felt a kind of responsibility toward the younger girls, who often came from uneducated backgrounds; after hours, they were offered classes in cooking and sewing. The girls usually quit their jobs when they got married (in fact, company policy often dictated that they be fired; unmarried women over 30 had to have made promotion or lose their jobs), and often thought of their old jobs and colleagues with nostalgia.
223:
304:("Girls, come work at Verkade, and please bring your mother"); in 1961, it opened a daycare facility, one of the first Dutch companies to do so. In the 1960s and 1970s, Verkade also benefited from the influx of migrant workers, who were just coming onto the Dutch labor market, and began hiring and employing the wives of those workers. The end of the
24:
195:—the original "ruiter" ("horse rider") was on the company logo until 1994, when it was removed to make way for a newly designed logo, intended to give the company and its products a more contemporary look. The horseman is still found on Verkade rusk, which currently is made by the competitor, the Bolletje factory in
199:, using the Verkade recipe. The company acquired the right to bear the "royal" mark in their name in 1950, and employs some 450 people in Zaandam. The last members of the Verkade family, Ericus's great-grandsons Erik and Arnold, left the company in 1992.
288:(starting in 1911), and most talked about the pleasant social interactions: "We sang all the time," one of them said, and they were allowed to chat during work. Distinct regional and class differences were noted: girls from Amsterdam (specifically the
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Verkade found itself competing for scarce labor, and it drastically changed its policies, now employing married and older women. It began to run advertisements in the
Amsterdam public transportation system:
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Commercial success came about also through marketing, starting in 1906, when the company began issuing picture cards with its products, which could be collected in albums.
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are a group of singers/actresses founded in 2005 who have revived one notable tradition of the original
Verkade girls: singing cheerful songs. Dutch author and songwriter
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In the company's early days, the main part of the workforce consisted of young women who walked in their company uniform to work; these "Verkade girls" (
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in 1997; oral historians Ineke Hogema and Ivonne van der Padt describe the women and their situation. Many of them came from the poor areas of
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The Zaans Museum has a section dedicated to the girls. It is sponsored for an amount of €60,000 by PDZ, one of the country's largest
214:: 27 albums were made, a total of 3.2 million copies; another source lists 28 albums and 362 million cards distributed over 30 years.
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came in the 1970s and 1980s, when machines started doing the work formerly done by delicate women's fingers.
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were especially popular. The albums generated a kind of collection mania among the Dutch population before
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155:) is a Dutch manufacturing company, owned by a Turkish conglomerate. The company is headquartered in
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242:, for the company's earlier name) are occasionally revived for ceremonial purposes, such as when
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opened the
Verkade pavilion (which houses corporate art owned by the Verkade family) in the
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Ruytermeisjes en
Verkadevrouwen: Een eeuw vrouwenarbeid bij de Zaanse zoetwarenfabrikant
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companies in the
Netherlands. In November 2014 the company was acquired by
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518:"Jacobus Verkade (1906-2008): Pionier in marketing koekjes en chocola"
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Meisjes komt werken bij
Verkade en neem vooral je moeder mee
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Lage landen, hoge sprongen: Nederland in de twintigste eeuw
492:(in Dutch). Vol. 1. Utrecht: Verloren. p. 230.
798:
226:
Advertisement for
Verkade rusk, ca. 1900, by Jan Rinke.
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The history of these factory workers was published in
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The company was first named "De Ruyter" for a mill in
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Uit de schaduw van de mannen: vrouwenverzet 1930-1940
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640:"De sfeer in de koekfabriek was hartstikke leuk"
579:"Koningin bijt zich vast in koekjes van Verkade"
381:(in Dutch). Elsevier Voedingsmiddelen Industrie
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779:Brief van een Verkademeisje en andere liedjes
325:Brief van een Verkademeisje en andere liedjes
8:
1134:Food and drink companies established in 1886
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1129:Snack food manufacturers of the Netherlands
344:"Yildiz Holding to acquire United Biscuits"
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988:
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545:Lans, Jos van der; Herman Vuijsje (2003).
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422:Lakerveld, Peter van (22 February 1994).
750:"Verkademeisjes zingen voor de koningin"
633:
631:
629:
424:"'Paplepeligheid' Verkade geen probleem"
697:Honderd jaar vrouwen in overheidsdienst
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323:named one of his collections for them,
700:(in Dutch). Het Spinhuis. p. 46.
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667:Blok, Els; Mathilde Vogelaar (1985).
511:
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722:"PDZ sponsort 'meisjes van Verkade'"
606:Hogema, Ineke; Ineke Hogema (1997).
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254:(roughly, the area on the river the
1149:Dutch companies established in 1886
159:and was one of the oldest existing
638:Salm, Harriet (28 February 1997).
516:Voormolen, Sander (27 June 2008).
486:Nijs, Nijs; Eelco Beukers (2003).
14:
352:. 3 November 2014. Archived from
1124:Companies based in North Holland
401:"Telg Verkade-familie overleden"
282:Ruytermeisjes and Verkadevrouwen
22:
403:. Beursduivel.be. 26 June 2008
379:"'Co' Verkade (102) overleden"
1:
1139:2014 mergers and acquisitions
673:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: Sara.
553:(in Dutch). Inmerc. pp.
171:. It was founded in 1886 by
730:(in Dutch). 4 February 2009
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694:Schaik, Anne van (1998).
587:(in Dutch). 11 March 2009
175:to make mostly bread and
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777:Wilmink, Willem (1964).
758:(in Dutch). 8 March 2009
489:Geschiedenis van Holland
17:Koninklijke Verkade N.V.
977:United Biscuits Network
781:(in Dutch). Amsterdam:
612:(in Dutch). Scriptum.
232:De meisjes van Verkade
227:
28:Verkade logo, pre-1994
1097:DeMet's Candy Company
755:Noordhollands Dagblad
727:Noordhollands Dagblad
452:"Het Bedrijf Verkade"
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54:(2 May 1886
38:Naamloze vennootschap
218:The women of Verkade
454:(in Dutch). Verkade
153:Koninklijke Verkade
124:Number of employees
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1043:Godiva Chocolatier
356:on 4 November 2014
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358:. Retrieved
354:the original
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297:World War II
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275:Albert Heijn
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248:Zaans Museum
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212:World War II
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77:Headquarters
34:Company type
936:Peek Freans
916:Jaffa Cakes
891:Happy Faces
849:Murat Ülker
263: [
88:Netherlands
52:Netherlands
1118:Categories
1101:Crawford's
906:Hula Hoops
881:Crawford's
851:(Chairman)
842:Key people
648:(in Dutch)
526:(in Dutch)
499:9065506845
432:(in Dutch)
360:4 November
331:References
252:Zaanstreek
204:Co Verkade
58:1886-05-02
1080:Go Ahead!
1066:McVitie's
1026:Divisions
926:McVitie's
886:Filipinos
286:Amsterdam
99:Chocolate
1104:Haansbro
931:Nik Naks
151:(Dutch:
95:Products
1092:Verkade
1076:Jacob's
965:Related
956:Verkade
941:Penguin
921:McCoy's
911:Jacob's
896:Hobnobs
290:Jordaan
238:, also
189:Zaandam
183:History
157:Zaandam
138:verkade
133:Website
107:cookies
82:Zaandam
67:Founder
56: (
48:Zaandam
44:Founded
1084:Carr's
1059:Brands
1033:Pladis
871:Carr's
859:Brands
762:10 May
734:10 May
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677:
652:11 May
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591:10 May
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530:11 May
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458:10 May
436:11 May
407:10 May
385:10 May
295:After
273:, and
250:. The
197:Almelo
165:Pladis
161:family
117:Pladis
1038:Ülker
946:Skips
645:Trouw
429:Trouw
271:Hille
267:]
260:Honig
193:flour
113:Owner
951:Taxi
876:Club
764:2010
736:2010
702:ISBN
675:ISBN
654:2010
614:ISBN
593:2010
559:ISBN
532:2010
494:ISBN
460:2010
438:2010
409:2010
387:2010
362:2014
256:Zaan
177:rusk
103:rusk
555:190
234:or
140:.nl
128:550
1120::
1071:BN
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
