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917:, which has evolved more than 100 times independently in vertebrates, has evolved relatively recently in some lineages, and exists in intermediate forms in extant taxa. Studies on the evolution of the placenta have identified a variety of genetic and physiological processes that contribute to the origin and evolution of organs, these include the re-purposing of existing animal tissues, the acquisition of new functional properties by these tissues, and novel interactions of distinct tissue types.
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began to take place as scientists knew more about the anatomy of organs. These came later in time as procedures were often dangerous and difficult. Both the source and method of obtaining the organ to transplant are major ethical issues to consider, and because organs as resources for transplant are
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used the word frequently in his philosophy, both to describe the organs of plants or animals (e.g. the roots of a tree, the heart or liver of an animal), and to describe more abstract "parts" of an interconnected whole (e.g. his logical works, taken as a whole, are referred to as the
912:
Given the ancient origin of most vertebrate organs, researchers have looked for model systems, where organs have evolved more recently, and ideally have evolved multiple times independently. An outstanding model for this kind of research is the
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Relationship of major animal lineages with indication of how long ago these animals shared a common ancestor. On the left, important organs are shown, which allows us to determine how long ago these may have
1043:
The vegetative organs are essential for maintaining the life of a plant. While there can be 11 organ systems in animals, there are far fewer in plants, where some perform the vital functions, such as
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Plant organs are made from tissue composed of different types of tissue. The three tissue types are ground, vascular, and dermal. When three or more organs are present, it is called an organ system.
1118:, are developed in the ethical analysis. This situation continues as long as transplantation relies upon organ donors rather than technological innovation, testing, and industrial manufacturing.
1957:
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The
English word "organ" dates back to the twelfth century and refers to any musical instrument. By the late 14th century, the musical term's meaning had narrowed to refer specifically to the
1459:
The
Chinese associated the five elements with the five planets (Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Saturn, and Mercury) similar to the way the classical planets were associated with different metals. The
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about 550-500 million years ago, while the gut and brain are even more ancient, arising in the ancestor of vertebrates, insects, molluscs, and worms about 700-650 million years ago.
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The number of organs in any organism depends on the definition used. By one widely adopted definition, 79 organs have been identified in the human body.
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in order to divine the future by their shape, dimensions or other factors. This practice remains an important ritual in some remote, tribal societies.
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Griffith, Oliver W.; Wagner, Günter P. (23 March 2017). "The placenta as a model for understanding the origin and evolution of vertebrate organs".
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1036:. Common organ system designations in plants include the differentiation of shoot and root. All parts of the plant above ground (in non-
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More complex animals are composed of different organs, which have evolved over time. For example, the liver and heart evolved in the
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that provide a suitable place for it to be situated and anchored. The main tissues that make up an organ tend to have common
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1987:
841:". The two terms are often used in describing a membrane or piece of connective tissue, referring to the opposing sides.
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1218:" The two terms are often used in describing a membrane or piece of connective tissue, referring to the opposing sides.
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179:. Two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific body function form an organ system, also called a
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to act together in a function. Tissues of different types combine to form an organ which has a specific function. The
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1040:), including the functionally distinct leaf and flower organs, may be classified together as the shoot organ system.
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1191:, is used for anything pertaining to the internal organs. Historically, viscera of animals were examined by
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1173:. At the same time, a second meaning arose, in reference to a "body part adapted to a certain function".
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into a person with a failing organ. The transplantation of larger solid organs often requires
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1717:"Parietal – Learning brain structure, function and variability from neuroimaging data"
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1639:"Solid and hollow abdominal viscera | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
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can be divided into vegetative and reproductive. Vegetative plant organs include
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always more limited than demand for them, various notions of justice, including
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is the study of the viscera. The term "visceral" is contrasted with the term "
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distinction approximates the modern notion of solid and hollow organs.
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325:. For this reason, the two systems are combined and studied as the
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1561:"Botany/Plant structure – Wikibooks, open books for an open world"
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There is considerable interest throughout the world in creating
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joined in a structural unit to serve a common function. In the
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2304:
1133:
1980:"Organ System – Definition and Examples | Biology Dictionary"
606:: collecting, transferring and processing information with
1950:"Plant Development I: Tissue differentiation and function"
1859:"Timeline of Historical Events and Significant Milestones"
902:) do not show consolidation of their tissues into organs.
30:"Organs" and "Viscera" redirect here. For other uses, see
1664:"Biology of the Heart – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders"
1620:"Viscera | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
1247:
assignment between the seven vital organs and the seven
943:
The flower is the angiosperm's reproductive organ. This
194:, the structural tissue with supportive, connective, or
1214:", meaning "of or relating to the wall of a body part,
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837:", meaning "of or relating to the wall of a body part,
1889:"transplant | Definition, Types, & Rejection"
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1074:, in which a living or deceased donor's organ are
1210:The term "visceral" is contrasted with the term "
1047:, while the reproductive organs are essential in
737:1905 diagram of the internal organs of human body
218:that oxygenate and nourish it and carry away its
186:An organ's tissues can be broadly categorized as
1022:) of plants, the reproductive organs are called
1539:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 81.
1514:(12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
309:. These specific systems are widely studied in
1329:recognizes eleven organs, associated with the
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2173:
8:
2085:Section 2: Aristotle's Philosophy of Science
2010:Magic and Magicians in the Greco-Roman World
773:. The abdominal organs may be classified as
27:Collection of tissues with similar functions
1773:
1771:
1510:Widmaier, E P; Raff, H; Strang, KT (2014).
994:. The reproductive organs are variable. In
801:. The hollow organs of the abdomen are the
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949:flower is hermaphroditic, and it contains
254:. In plants, there are three main organs.
49:
708:: structural support and protection with
500:: structures involved in the transfer of
2008:Dickie, Matthew W. (February 23, 2003).
1339:
1253:
974:The study of plant organs is covered in
333:because of the relationship between the
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1709:
1502:
230:origins, such as arising from the same
2012:(1 ed.). Routledge. p. 274.
432:: communication within the body using
126:
40:
1960:from the original on 3 September 2019
1689:"Medical Definition of SPLANCHNOLOGY"
1590:"New organ named in digestive system"
750:
321:both operate via a shared organ, the
234:. Organs exist in most multicellular
7:
1869:from the original on 19 January 2019
1830:"The Plant Body | Boundless Biology"
163:. Tissues are formed from same type
858:The organ level of organisation in
305:including humans have a variety of
214:that innervate the parenchyma, the
55:Many of the internal organs of the
210:, whereas the stroma includes the
25:
2044:from the original on 21 July 2019
1756:from the original on 21 July 2019
1331:five Chinese traditional elements
1070:Many societies have a system for
3100:Levels of organization (Biology)
2145:
1477:List of organs of the human body
1137:
520:that transport it including the
267:List of organs of the human body
2125:from the original on 2021-08-02
2075:from the original on 7 May 2019
1990:from the original on 2018-02-10
1930:from the original on 1 May 2019
1899:from the original on 2019-03-27
1840:from the original on 2019-01-21
1727:from the original on 2018-02-10
1600:from the original on 2018-03-24
1571:from the original on 2018-02-07
1109:Beginning in the 20th century,
1780:Nature Ecology & Evolution
998:, they are represented by the
829:is a hollow, muscular organ.
1:
2063:Lennox, James (31 Jan 2017).
190:, the functional tissue, and
1327:Chinese traditional medicine
1032:, or simply gametophores in
198:functions. For example, the
1954:Biology 1520 (Georgia Tech)
1923:Online Etymology Dictionary
1668:MSD Manual Consumer Version
781:. The solid organs are the
486:involved in fluid balance,
329:. The same is true for the
250:of an organ is known as an
3126:
1863:Organ Donor Government Web
924:
264:
29:
3020:
1834:courses.lumenlearning.com
1512:Vander's Human Physiology
1438:
1419:
1400:
1378:
1359:
1171:keyboard-based instrument
1088:graft-versus-host disease
862:can be first detected in
490:balance and excretion of
382:and processing food with
348:: pumping and channeling
202:'s tissue that makes the
171:for example is formed by
121:
48:
155:, an organ lies between
36:Viscera (disambiguation)
2071:. Stanford University.
1893:Encyclopedia Britannica
1800:10.1038/s41559-017-0072
1056:vegetative reproduction
1051:. However, if there is
464:, i.e., adrenal glands.
242:such as members of the
240:single-celled organisms
32:Organs (disambiguation)
2632:Lymphoid immune system
2201:Musculoskeletal system
1535:Kent, Michael (2000).
1239:Some alchemists (e.g.
1131:
1018:. In other divisions (
971:
958:
855:
738:
674:: the organs used for
331:musculoskeletal system
291:
123:Anatomical terminology
2620:Myeloid immune system
2406:Cardiovascular system
2097:Ball, Philip (2007).
2065:"Aristotle's Biology"
1129:
964:
942:
866:and the more derived
852:
736:
528:-causing agents with
346:Cardiovascular system
327:neuroendocrine system
278:
3070:Biomolecular complex
2972:Islets of Langerhans
2832:Genitourinary system
2568:Integumentary system
2154:at Wikimedia Commons
1116:distributive justice
874:. The less-advanced
845:Origin and evolution
552:Integumentary system
524:: defending against
512:, the lymph and the
177:smooth muscle tissue
2862:Reproductive system
2581:Subcutaneous tissue
2350:Cartilaginous joint
1792:2017NatEE...1...72G
1066:Society and culture
968:Equisetum telmateia
622:Reproductive system
248:functional analogue
147:is a collection of
139:In a multicellular
2644:Respiratory system
2397:Circulatory system
2100:The devil's doctor
1984:Biology Dictionary
1393:small intestine /
1149:. You can help by
1132:
972:
959:
856:
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672:Respiratory system
292:
224:connective tissues
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3014:Hierarchy of life
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2502:
2493:Glymphatic system
2391:
2390:
2150:Media related to
2110:978-0-09-945787-9
2103:. London: Arrow.
2034:"Thoracic cavity"
1746:"Thoracic cavity"
1521:978-0-07-128366-3
1457:
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1249:classical planets
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1111:organ transplants
1105:Organ transplants
1099:artificial organs
1080:immunosuppression
452:or pineal gland,
271:Biological system
181:biological system
173:epithelial tissue
153:hierarchy of life
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16:(Redirected from
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1245:Hermetic Qabalah
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1095:laboratory-grown
996:flowering plants
976:plant morphology
935:Plant physiology
927:Plant morphology
757:) refers to the
752:
741:In the study of
658:seminal vesicles
596:: movement with
498:Lymphatic system
468:Excretory system
438:endocrine glands
430:Endocrine system
376:Digestive system
352:to and from the
339:skeletal systems
319:endocrine system
222:wastes, and the
183:or body system.
129:edit on Wikidata
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3050:Organ system
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2009:
2003:
1992:. Retrieved
1983:
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1962:. Retrieved
1953:
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1932:. Retrieved
1921:
1918:"organ (n.)"
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1901:. Retrieved
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1335:yin and yang
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1251:as follows:
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1151:adding to it
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1076:transplanted
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1049:reproduction
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978:. Organs of
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778:
775:solid organs
774:
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510:blood stream
458:parathyroids
442:hypothalamus
440:such as the
323:hypothalamus
293:
256:
185:
161:organ system
144:
138:
103:
91:
3078:Biomolecule
3038:Biocoenosis
2962:Parathyroid
2662:Nasopharynx
2524:Spinal cord
2459:Bone marrow
2228:Collar bone
2048:8 September
1964:8 September
1786:(4): 0072.
1760:8 September
1698:25 November
1673:24 November
1648:24 November
1643:Radiopaedia
1624:Radiopaedia
1082:to prevent
872:bilaterians
870:, i.e. the
811:gallbladder
612:spinal cord
488:electrolyte
450:pineal body
400:gallbladder
294:Except for
285:gallbladder
228:embryologic
81:Identifiers
3094:Categories
3042:Population
2741:Oropharynx
2481:Lymph node
2414:peripheral
2260:Metatarsus
2255:Metacarpus
2234:Thigh bone
2230:(clavicle)
2129:2021-08-02
2019:0415311292
1994:2018-02-10
1903:2019-03-19
1844:2019-03-19
1731:2018-02-10
1604:2018-02-05
1575:2018-02-06
1546:0199141959
1498:References
1241:Paracelsus
1201:haruspices
1188:splanchnic
925:See also:
893:Ctenophora
807:intestines
628:, such as
626:sex organs
530:leukocytes
408:intestines
296:placozoans
265:See also:
244:eukaryotes
232:germ layer
208:parenchyma
188:parenchyma
57:human body
3066:Organelle
3034:Ecosystem
3026:Biosphere
2947:Pituitary
2796:accessory
2751:Esophagus
2471:secondary
2383:Diaphragm
2327:Cartilage
2275:Phalanges
2119:124919518
1333:and with
1227:Aristotle
1222:Antiquity
1199:like the
1038:epiphytes
907:chordates
864:flatworms
821:. In the
763:abdominal
718:ligaments
714:cartilage
700:diaphragm
676:breathing
650:testicles
590:of birds.
446:pituitary
416:mesentery
388:esophagus
380:digestion
252:organelle
236:organisms
220:metabolic
196:ancillary
3046:Organism
2927:Placenta
2890:Testicle
2885:Prostate
2812:Pancreas
2773:Appendix
2763:lower GI
2736:upper GI
2684:Bronchus
2627:Lymphoid
2310:Vertebra
2265:Ossicles
2250:Mandible
2123:Archived
2079:23 March
2073:Archived
2042:Archived
1988:Archived
1958:Archived
1934:22 March
1928:Archived
1897:Archived
1873:19 March
1867:Archived
1838:Archived
1816:32213223
1808:28812655
1754:Archived
1725:Archived
1598:Archived
1596:. 2017.
1594:BBC News
1569:Archived
1482:Organoid
1471:See also
1453:bladder
1445:kidneys
1415:stomach
1395:san jiao
1349:Yin/yang
1296:Kidneys
1212:parietal
1182:visceral
1024:strobili
1012:conifers
946:Hibiscus
915:placenta
899:Cnidaria
887:Porifera
881:Placozoa
854:evolved.
835:parietal
787:pancreas
767:thoracic
662:prostate
634:oviducts
588:feathers
580:reptiles
538:adenoids
508:and the
504:between
462:adrenals
436:made by
434:hormones
404:pancreas
335:muscular
204:hormones
141:organism
18:Visceral
2967:Adrenal
2957:Thyroid
2875:Scrotum
2852:Urethra
2847:Bladder
2756:Stomach
2679:Trachea
2615:Myeloid
2454:primary
2320:Sternum
2270:Patella
2245:Humerus
2236:(femur)
1788:Bibcode
1407:spleen
1344:Element
1320:Spleen
1309:Jupiter
1285:Mercury
1233:Organon
1203:or the
1197:priests
1185:, also
1122:History
1053:asexual
955:pistils
860:animals
815:bladder
803:stomach
795:kidneys
761:of the
747:viscera
743:anatomy
729:Viscera
722:tendons
692:bronchi
688:trachea
680:pharynx
630:ovaries
598:muscles
570:. Also
568:mammals
534:tonsils
526:disease
518:vessels
506:tissues
484:urethra
480:bladder
476:ureters
472:kidneys
454:thyroid
448:gland,
392:stomach
315:nervous
303:animals
261:Animals
206:is the
159:and an
149:tissues
92:organum
64:Details
3058:Tissue
2952:Pineal
2912:Vagina
2907:Uterus
2902:Female
2842:Ureter
2837:Kidney
2783:Rectum
2719:Tongue
2667:Larynx
2586:Breast
2558:Tissue
2476:Spleen
2464:Thymus
2419:Artery
2378:Tendon
2373:Muscle
2337:Joints
2315:Pelvis
2290:Tarsus
2280:Radius
2240:Fibula
2223:Carpus
2193:organs
2117:
2107:
2038:Amboss
2016:
1814:
1806:
1750:Amboss
1543:
1518:
1439:Water
1426:lungs
1420:Metal
1401:Earth
1385:heart
1366:liver
1317:Saturn
1312:Liver
1288:Lungs
1280:Brain
1272:Heart
1258:Planet
1205:augurs
1195:pagan
1034:mosses
1000:flower
992:leaves
990:, and
980:plants
951:stamen
933:, and
921:Plants
878:(i.e.
825:, the
819:rectum
817:, and
797:, and
791:spleen
769:, and
755:viscus
684:larynx
678:, the
646:vagina
638:uterus
624:: the
616:nerves
586:, and
582:, and
572:scales
546:spleen
542:thymus
420:rectum
246:, the
212:nerves
192:stroma
157:tissue
104:oργανο
70:System
3054:Organ
3030:Biome
2922:Ovary
2917:Vulva
2880:Penis
2802:Liver
2778:Colon
2729:Tooth
2709:Mouth
2674:Lower
2652:Upper
2529:Nerve
2519:Brain
2436:Heart
2295:Tibia
2285:Skull
2069:Plato
1812:S2CID
1450:yang
1431:yang
1412:yang
1390:yang
1379:Fire
1371:yang
1360:Wood
1354:Organ
1293:Venus
1263:Organ
1193:Roman
1026:, in
1020:phyla
1010:. In
1008:fruit
988:stems
984:roots
868:phyla
827:heart
783:liver
710:bones
696:lungs
666:penis
642:vulva
608:brain
584:birds
564:nails
514:nodes
502:lymph
492:urine
412:colon
396:liver
366:blood
362:heart
360:with
358:lungs
350:blood
289:sheep
287:of a
281:liver
238:. In
200:gland
165:cells
145:organ
143:, an
127:[
116:67498
99:Greek
87:Latin
44:Organ
3062:Cell
2870:Male
2788:Anus
2689:Lung
2657:Nose
2605:and
2576:Skin
2424:Vein
2300:Ulna
2218:Bone
2191:and
2115:OCLC
2105:ISBN
2081:2019
2050:2019
2014:ISBN
1966:2019
1936:2019
1875:2019
1804:PMID
1762:2019
1700:2021
1675:2021
1650:2021
1541:ISBN
1516:ISBN
1465:yang
1463:and
1442:yin
1423:yin
1404:yin
1382:yin
1363:yin
1301:Mars
1277:Moon
1016:cone
1006:and
1004:seed
953:and
896:and
876:taxa
720:and
698:and
664:and
614:and
576:fish
562:and
560:hair
556:skin
544:and
516:and
482:and
460:and
424:anus
422:and
368:and
356:and
354:body
337:and
317:and
283:and
279:The
269:and
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2724:Lip
2546:Eye
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2305:Rib
1796:doi
1461:yin
1269:Sun
1236:).
1153:.
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