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Washingtonians at their peak numbered in the tens of thousands, possibly as high as 600,000. However, in the space of just a few years, this society almost disappeared because they became fragmented in their primary purpose, becoming involved with all manner of controversial social reforms including
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Even taken as an insular reform, temperance was no singular movement of white, middle-class men. The working-class
Washingtonian movement comprised a notable departure from the mainstream. In particular, the Washingtonians demonstrated new ways of thinking about gender roles and definitions within
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The
Washingtonians drifted away from their initial purpose of helping the individual alcoholic, and disagreements, infighting, and controversies over prohibition eventually destroyed the group. The Washingtonians became so thoroughly extinct that, some 70 years later in 1935 when
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While there are similarities between A.A. and the
Washingtonians, the Washingtonians were so distinctly non-religious and non-spiritual in orientation that they were charged by their religious critics with the heresy of humanism (placing their own power above the power of
267:("Dr. Bob") joined together in forming Alcoholics Anonymous, neither of them had ever heard of the Washingtonians. Although comparisons are made between the Washingtonians and Alcoholics Anonymous, in some respects they have more in common with modern secular
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and temperance workers advanced their anti-alcohol views on every front. Public temperance meetings were frequent and the main thread was prohibition of alcohol and pledges of sobriety to be made by the individual.
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fellowship founded on
Thursday, April 2, 1840, by six alcoholics (William K. Mitchell, John F. Hoss, David Anderson, George Steers, James McCurley, and Archibald Campbell) at Chase's Tavern on Liberty Street in
243:, The Inebriate Home of Long Island, N.Y., the Home for Incurables in San Francisco, the Franklin Reformatory Home in Philadelphia and the Washingtonian Homes which opened in Boston and Chicago in 1857.
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The idea was that by relying on each other, sharing their alcoholic experiences, and creating an atmosphere of conviviality, they could keep each other sober. Total
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attended and spoke at one of the great revivals, presumably not for treatment, but out of interest in various issues being discussed.
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Concurrent with this movement, a loose network of facilities both public and private offered treatment to drunkards. Referred to as
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had not yet been created), told them their experiences with excessive alcohol use, and how the
Society had helped them achieve
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184:. With the passage of time the Society became a prohibitionist organization in that it promoted the legal and mandatory
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Blumberg, Leonard U. The significance of the alcohol prohibitionists for the
Washingtonian Temperance Society.
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in that they focused on the individual alcoholic rather than on society's greater relationship with
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Beware the First Drink! The
Washingtonian Temperance Movement and Alcoholics Anonymous
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heresy, i.e., in their terms, of "placing their own power above the power of God".
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A Dictionary of
Literary Biographers; Antebellum Writers in New York and the South
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215:. In the mid-19th century, a temperance movement was in full sway across the
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White, William L. (2001). "Pre-A.A. Alcoholic Mutual Aid
Societies".
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Gender and the
American Temperance Movement of the Nineteenth Century
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by almost a century. Members sought out other "drunkards" (the term
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Abraham Lincoln's Temperance address to the Washingtonians, 1842
468:. Vol 3. Myers, Joe (Ed.) : Detroit: Bruccoli, 1979, 3-7.
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The Washingtonians differed from other organizations in the
172:) was their goal. The group taught sobriety and preceded
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19th-century temperance movement in the United States
227:The Inebriate Home of Long Island, detail from the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
239:asylums and reformatory homes, they included the
506:Washingtonian Forebears of Alcoholics Anonymous
471:Leonard U. Blumberg & William L. Pittman,
247:prohibition, sectarian religion, politics and
541:Temperance organizations in the United States
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526:Addiction and substance abuse organizations
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
448:Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History
450:, vol. 2, Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio 2003.
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192:. The Society was the inspiration for
146:Washingtonian Total Abstinence Society
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
475:, Seattle: Glen Abbey Books, 1991,
198:Six Nights with the Washingtonians
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455:The Journal of Studies on Alcohol
536:Organizations based in Baltimore
446:Blocker, Jack S. et al. (Eds.),
342:Fletcher, Holly Berkley (2007).
142:Washingtonian Temperance Society
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521:1840 establishments in Maryland
241:New York State Inebriate Asylum
45:needs additional citations for
398:Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly
287:(1812-1907), temperance leader
269:drug addiction recovery groups
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322:"The Washingtonian Movement"
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298:Temperance organizations
202:Ten Nights in a Bar-Room
69:"Washingtonian movement"
377:Lincoln and Prohibition
374:White, Charles (1921).
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251:. It is believed that
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546:Therapeutic community
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380:. Abingdon. pp.
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148:) was a 19th-century
249:abolition of slavery
174:Alcoholics Anonymous
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194:Timothy Shay Arthur
190:alcoholic beverages
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405:(2): 1–21.
186:prohibition
170:teetotalism
110:August 2008
515:Categories
309:References
162:abstinence
150:temperance
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427:149358033
419:1544-4538
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497:Archived
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