345:"Von hervorragender Bedeutung für das Studium des Nickeleisen wurde jedoch erst die Entdeckung des Directors der kaiserlichen Porcellanfabrik in Wien, Alois von Widmanstätten, im Jahre 1808. Als er auf Veranlassung von Schreibers prüfen wollte, wie sich eine polirte Platte von Hraschina beim starken Erhitzen verhalte, erhielt keine einheitliche Anlauffarbe, sondern Partien mit verschiedenen Anlauffarben, welche regelmässig angeordnet waren und zierliche Zeichnungen lieferten. … Bald darauf bewirkte er die oberflächliche Oxydation durch Behandlung mit Salpetersäure statt durch Erhitzung, untersuchte nach dieser Richtung noch eine Reihe anderer Eisen (Mexico, Elbogen, Lenarto) und benutzte solche polirten und geätzten Platten direct zur Vervielfältigung durch Druck ... . Damit war nachgewiesen, dass in vielen Meteoreisen das Nickeleisen nicht eine homogene Masse ist, wie es ohne nähere Untersuchung den Anschein hat, sondern dass es sich aus Theilen von verschiedener Oxydirbarkeit aufbaut. Die beim Ätzen entstehenden Figuren wurden bald allgemein nach dem Entdecker als Widmanstätten'sche Figuren bezeichnet."
347:(Of paramount importance for the study of nickel-iron , however, was the discovery of the director of the imperial porcelain factory in Vienna, Alois von Widmanstätten, in 1808. When, at Schreibers' urging, he wanted to test how a polished slice of the Hraschina behaved during strong heating, didn't attain a uniform color during warming; rather, parts with different colors during warming, which were regularly ordered and yielded fine patterns of lines. … Soon thereafter he produced the surface oxidation by treatment with nitric acid instead of heat; he investigated in this way a series of other iron ( Mexico, Elbogen , Lenarto ) and used such polished and etched slices to reproduce directly by printing …. Thereby was proved that in many meteoric irons, the nickel-iron is not a homogeneous mass, as it appears without closer investigation, but that it formed from parts of varying susceptibility to oxidation. The figures arising during etching were soon generally named, after the discoverer, "Widmanstätten figures.")
278:"Dasselbe Gefüge ist auch bei noch manchem andern Gediegeneisen mehr oder weniger bemerkbar, und ist unstreitig der Grund von der Erscheinung, die Hr. von Widmannstädten in Wien zuerst an dem Agramer und noch ein paar Arten von Gediegeneisen beobachtet hat, daß wenn man eine Fläche polirt, und mit Scheidewasser äzt, sich Figuren zeigen, die aus parallen geraden Streifen bestehen, welche in verschiedenen Richtungen gegen einander gestellt sind."
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280:(The same figure is also more or less noticeable in some other native irons, and is indisputably the basis of the phenomenon that Mr. von Widmannstädten in Vienna first observed in the Agram and in a few other types of native iron, that when one polishes a surface and etches it with nitric acid, figures show themselves which consist of parallel straight lines, which are positioned in various directions relative to each other.)
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where his family had a printing business and was trained in the printing art by his father. His family owned exclusive printing rights in the
Steiermark province, but this was lost in 1784 and Alois sold the business in 1807. In 1804, he ran a spinning mill in
487:
Torrens, Hugh S. (2006) "The geological work of
Gregory Watt, his travels with William Maclure in Italy (1801–1802), and Watt's "proto-geological" map of Italy (1804)" in: Vai, Gian Battista; Caldwell, W. Glen E., ed.s,
124:. They polished and etched the surface of iron meteorites with dilute nitric acid and noticed that it revealed a patterning of cross-hatched lines that came to be called
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told N.A. Neumann, a professor of chemistry in Prague, that
Widmanstätten had observed patterns in the surface of a meteorite that had been etched with nitric acid.
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differences. In 1813 he made imprints of these structures with printing ink and paper. These were unpublished during his life. A print of the structures from the
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Meteoritics & planetary science: Volume 42, Ed. 9-12. Meteoritical
Society at the University of Arkansas, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2007
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Thomson, G. (1804) "Essai sur le fer malléable trouvé en Sibérie par le Prof. Pallas" (Essay on malleable iron found in
Siberia by Prof. Pallas),
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Beyträge zur
Geschichte und Kenntniß meteorischer Stein- und Metall-Massen und der Erscheinungen, welche deren Niederfallen zu begleiten pflegen
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49:. He is known for recognizing a unique pattern of cross-hatching lines on the surface of iron-rich meteorites, now called
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Marvin, Ursula B. (1996). "Ernst
Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756–1827) and the origins of modern meteorite research".
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Goldstein, J.I.; Ogilvie, R.E. (1965). "The growth of the
Widmanstätten pattern in metallic meteorites".
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Hesperus, ein
Nationalblatt für gebildete Leser (Hesperus, a national newspaper for intellectual readers)
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Paneth, F.A. (1960). "The discovery and earliest reproductions of the
Widmanstatten figures".
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A print of the pattern from Elbogen iron meteorite made by Von Widmannstätten
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Beiträge zur Geschichte und Kenntniss meteorischer Stein und Metallmassen
264:[The accursed governor of the castle in Elbogen , a meteorite].
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had been observed previously, in 1804, by the English mineralogist
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492:(Boulder, Colorado: The Geological Society of America, 2006)
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collected in 1751 was used in a supplement to the book
262:"Der verwünschte Berggraf in Ellbogen, ein Meteorolit"
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at different rates during heating, causing color and
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Aloys Joseph Franz Xaver Beck Edler von Widmanstätten
317:Rocks from Space: Meteorites and Meteorite Hunters
120:, he began to examine iron meteorites along with
190:and he published his discovery in French in the
551:. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
339:(Stuttgart, Germany: E. Schweizerbart, 1894),
254:In a letter of 22 June 1812, German physicist
152:which was published by Schreibers in 1820 as
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175:, he discovered these figures by bathing a
132:. The different iron alloys of meteorites
128:. He examined by flame-heating a slab of
549:The Cambridge encyclopedia of meteorites
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293:(Vienna, Austria: J.G. Heuber, 1820),
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171:. During the period that he spent in
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441:Cosmic Debris: Meteorites in History
104:is sliced, polished and etched with
595:Scientists from the Austrian Empire
590:Printers from the Holy Roman Empire
359:Meteoritics & Planetary Science
31:Count Alois von Beckh Widmanstätten
379:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1996.tb02031.x
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41:. His name is sometimes given as
27:Austrian printer and mineralogist
585:18th-century Austrian scientists
260:Neumann, N.A. (September 1812).
515:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
490:The Origins of Geology in Italy
402:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
232:William Thomson (mineralogist)
75:Von Widmanstätten was born in
43:Alois von Beckh-Widmannstätten
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319:. Mountain Press Pub. (1998)
535:10.1016/0016-7037(60)90085-5
422:10.1016/0016-7037(65)90085-2
289:Schreibers, Carl von (1820)
186:for the purpose of removing
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193:Bibliothèque Britannique
118:Fabriksproduktenkabinett
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461:Bibliotèque Britannique
371:1996M&PS...31..545M
615:Austrian metallurgists
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547:O. Richard Norton.
527:1960GeCoA..18..176P
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219:21564 Widmanstätten
142:Hraschina meteorite
130:Hraschina meteorite
122:Karl von Schreibers
208:of iron meteorites
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475:(in French)
297:(in German)
215:on the Moon
211:The crater
184:nitric acid
177:Krasnojarsk
106:nitric acid
569:Categories
341:pp. 40–41.
335:Cohn, E.,
295:pp. 70-71.
82:Pottendorf
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387:210038676
237:Meteorite
180:meteorite
169:) Thomson
167:Guglielmo
165:William (
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226:See also
221:asteroid
134:oxidized
523:Bibcode
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