682:"Wilson's principles survived the eclipse of the Versailles system and they still guide European politics today: self-determination, democratic government, collective security, international law, and a league of nations. Wilson may not have gotten everything he wanted at Versailles, and his treaty was never ratified by the Senate, but his vision and his diplomacy, for better or worse, set the tone for the twentieth century. France, Germany, Italy, and Britain may have sneered at Wilson, but every one of these powers today conducts its European policy along Wilsonian lines. What was once dismissed as visionary is now accepted as fundamental. This was no mean achievement, and no European statesman of the twentieth century has had as lasting, as benign, or as widespread an influence."
39:
388:
609:, and in China, where Wilson's words were viewed as a crucial opportunity to improve China's situation domestically and internationally. According to Manela, many in Asia had faith that Wilson could and did intend to form a new international order, reducing the gap between the East and the West. In Egypt, Wilson's self-determination advocation led to hopes that Egypt may be freed from British control and would be afforded the opportunity to rule itself. Sarah Claire Dunstan's work also indicates that Wilson's rhetoric had an impact on marginalised groups within the United States, such as
382:
2549:
671:. Kennedy argues that every president since Wilson has "embraced the core precepts of Wilsonianism. Nixon himself hung Wilson's portrait in the White House Cabinet Room. Wilson's ideas continue to dominate American foreign policy in the twenty-first century. In the aftermath of 9/11 they have, if anything, taken on even greater vitality."
587:
is a key historian of the
Wilsonian moment, having produced work on the topic which include case studies on the Wilsonian moment in Egypt, Korea, China, and India. He aimed to address the fact that the significance of Wilsonianism in Asia and Africa had received little attention from scholars. The
574:, Wilson's version of self-determination was a reassociation of an idea that others had previously imbued with different meanings. Wilson's version of self-determination "effectively recast self-determination as a racially differentiated principle, which was fully compatible with imperial rule."
476:
writes that Wilson expected and hoped "that democracy would result from self-determination, but he never sought to spread democracy directly." Slaughter writes that Wilson's League of
Nations was similarly intended to foster liberty and democracy by serving as "a high wall behind which nations",
582:
The
Wilsonian moment was a time in the wake of the First World War in which many of those in the colonised world hoped that the time had come for the pre-war world order, which placed the Western powers at the top and marginalised the majority of the rest of the world, to be demolished and
546:
around the world,' making U.S. foreign policy a paragon of carefully defined and restricted use of force." Amos
Perlmutter defined Wilsonianism as simultaneously consisting of "liberal internationalism, self-determination, nonintervention, humanitarian intervention" oriented in support of
592:
speech on 8 January 1918, in which Wilson advocated the formation of a "general association of nations", "for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike". He declared in a subsequent speech to the
597:
on
February 8, 1918, that in the post-war peace settlement "national aspirations must be respected" and people could only be governed "by their own consent". Self-determination was not "a mere phrase" but an "imperative principle of action".
620:
was signed on 28 June 1919. Versailles did not destroy the colonial system, and much of the colonial world was left in disillusionment. Manela suggests this led to violent protest movements in various marginalised nations, including the
613:. Members of disenfranchised groups like the African-American community were enthusiastic and some members, like peoples in various colonised nations, felt an opportunity had arisen to forward their own case for self-determination.
477:
especially small nations, "could exercise their right of self determination" but that Wilson did not envision that the United States would affirmatively intervene to "direct" or "shape" democracies in foreign nations.
605:, Wilson was "a man of almost transcendent significance". Wilson's rhetoric certainly had an impact in Asian nations, including India, where he was hailed as "The Modern Apostle of Freedom" by Indian nationalist
1577:
1196:
David M. Kennedy, "What 'W' Owes to 'WW': President Bush May Not Even Know It, but He Can Trace His View of the World to
Woodrow Wilson, Who Defined a Diplomatic Destiny for America That We Can't Escape."
601:
Wilson's words launched an atmosphere of intense optimism and hope amongst marginalised peoples in all corners of the globe. Erez Manela argues that by
December 1918, shortly before the
2355:
2158:
1495:
249:
244:
80:
1231:
2403:
2303:
358:
2588:
1552:
646:
281:
261:
143:
1468:
336:
286:
2289:
363:
85:
412:
2360:
1123:"Questioning the Wilsonian moment: the role of Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Dissolution of European empires from the Belle Epoque through the First World War"
2350:
2308:
2038:
2000:
1903:
291:
1422:
2012:
1448:
1439:
674:
Wilson was a remarkably effective writer and thinker, and his diplomatic policies had a profound influence on shaping the world. Diplomatic historian
202:
133:
106:
1679:
2326:
2319:
2252:
2242:
1378:
223:
150:
119:
702:
2593:
2573:
2513:
2178:
1478:
1473:
1399:
353:
341:
212:
1695:
602:
311:
2232:
1936:
1642:
1612:
90:
2045:
1458:
934:
727:
237:
1863:
1453:
187:
138:
2265:
2247:
2237:
2224:
2141:
1490:
656:
405:
368:
228:
124:
1966:
1857:
534:
Belief that the foreign policies of democracies are morally superior because the people under democracies are inherently peace-loving.
2146:
2022:
1977:
1733:
1674:
1571:
692:
660:
38:
2386:
2163:
1801:
1622:
1607:
1583:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1410:
276:
768:(eds. G. John Ikenberry, Thomas J. Knock, Anne Marie-Slaughter & Tony Smith: Princeton University Press, 2009), pp. 94-96.
2274:
1880:
1813:
1402:
398:
2395:
2183:
1841:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1664:
1647:
1617:
1330:
177:
1995:
1931:
1875:
1434:
1371:
652:
101:
70:
1886:
2455:
2153:
2121:
2116:
2006:
1690:
1588:
622:
75:
1926:
1921:
1270:
1565:
2578:
2479:
2284:
2084:
2027:
1897:
1505:
543:
155:
2313:
2173:
2109:
1960:
1868:
1783:
1701:
1284:
1009:
Dunstan, Sarah Claire (2016). "Conflicts of interest: the 1919 Pan-African
Congress and the Wilsonian Moment".
744:
606:
539:
538:
Historian Joan Hoff writes, "What is 'normal' Wilsonianism remains contested today. For some, it is 'inspiring
453:
182:
2598:
2552:
2518:
2467:
2449:
2339:
2058:
1759:
1669:
1659:
1595:
1463:
1364:
556:
348:
192:
1053:
Manela, Erez (2001). "The 'Wilsonian Moment' and the Rise of
Anticolonial Nationalism: The Case of Egypt".
1891:
1808:
1720:
1413:
594:
452:
to enable the international community to avoid wars and end hostile aggression. Wilsonianism is a form of
316:
197:
2473:
2461:
2345:
2279:
2017:
1983:
1942:
1909:
1654:
664:
524:
510:
296:
2090:
2032:
1971:
432:, is a certain type of foreign policy advice. The term comes from the ideas and proposals of President
381:
2491:
2295:
2096:
2068:
1714:
1685:
1260:
973:"Imagining Woodrow Wilson in Asia: Dreams of East-West Harmony and the Revolt against Empire in 1919"
617:
473:
321:
1265:
2583:
2532:
2485:
2063:
1990:
1796:
1764:
675:
626:
548:
528:
506:
266:
172:
792:
The
Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism
2437:
2378:
1953:
1948:
1851:
1846:
1777:
1154:
1070:
1026:
940:
634:
492:
1320:
Making the world safe for democracy: A century of Wilsonianism and its totalitarian challengers
2539:
2103:
1740:
1727:
1276:
1256:
1172:
930:
819:
697:
610:
481:
449:
326:
306:
271:
1210:
1500:
1144:
1134:
1101:
1062:
1018:
984:
922:
167:
2508:
2211:
1770:
1751:
1632:
1627:
707:
668:
589:
517:
437:
301:
162:
903:
A Faustian Foreign Policy from Woodrow Wilson to George W. Bush: Dreams of Perfectability
1327:
Why Wilson Matters: The Origin of American Liberal Internationalism and Its Crisis Today
542:' based on adherence to self-determination; for others, Wilsonianism is the exemplar of
1485:
1387:
630:
485:
433:
53:
616:
All the hopes for self-determination that Wilson raised would soon be dashed when the
2567:
2410:
2333:
2051:
1708:
1311:
Ninkovich, Frank. "4 The Wilsonian Anomaly; or, The Three Faces of Wilsonianism." in
1158:
1090:"The "Wilsonian Moment" in East Asia: The March First Movement in Global Perspective"
1074:
1030:
805:
571:
874:"Execute Against Japan": The U.S. Decision to Conduct Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
2443:
2073:
1304:
Nichols, Christopher McKnight. "The Wilson legacy, domestic and international." in
560:
1351:
Power without Victory: Woodrow Wilson and the American Internationalist Experiment
1139:
1122:
859:
Nicholas J. Cull, "Public Diplomacy Before Gullion: The Evolution of a Phrase" in
1106:
1089:
2168:
1915:
1637:
1601:
445:
441:
256:
207:
1266:
The Crisis of American Foreign Policy: Wilsonianism in the Twenty-first Century
766:
The Crisis of American Foreign Policy: Wilsonianism in the Twenty-first Century
2078:
1835:
1297:
Menchik, Jeremy. "Woodrow Wilson and the Spirit of Liberal Internationalism."
1066:
564:
552:
499:
1790:
469:
989:
972:
944:
916:
655:
argues that American foreign relations since 1914 have rested on Wilsonian
1022:
584:
1232:
Wilsonianism: Woodrow Wilson and His Legacy in American Foreign Relations
847:
Wilsonianism: Woodrow Wilson and His Legacy in American Foreign Relations
17:
1335:
Thompson, John A. "Wilsonianism: the dynamics of a conflicted concept."
1281:
The Peace of Illusions: American Grand Strategy from 1940 to the Present
1250:
926:
464:
Common principles that are often associated with Wilsonianism include:
1149:
1306:
A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover
480:
Conferences and bodies devoted to resolving conflict, especially the
764:
Anne-Marie Slaughter, "Wilsonianism in the Twenty-first Century" in
588:
reaction in the colonised world was largely the result of Wilson's
2419:
1356:
918:
Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination
27:
Anti-war type of liberal internationalist foreign policy doctrine
1360:
1173:"Our Documents – President Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points (1918)"
1238:
Cotton, James. "A century of Wilsonianism: a review essay."
863:(Routledge: 2009). Eds. Nancy Snow & Philip M. Taylor.
583:
non-European nations would be given their rightful place.
2304:
Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs
570:
According to University of Chicago political theorist
2404:
Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century
359:
Princeton School of Public and International Affairs
2501:
2430:
2369:
2261:
2223:
2192:
2134:
1750:
1551:
1433:
647:
Foreign policy of the Woodrow Wilson administration
806:Self-Determination of Peoples: A Legal Reappraisal
633:'s passive resistance movement in India, and the
2290:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
1344:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History
779:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History
2361:United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill
809:(Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 19-21.
2351:Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation
1372:
516:Support for open diplomacy and opposition to
406:
8:
840:
838:
836:
2039:U.S. Federal Board for Vocational Education
1904:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
1315:(U of Chicago Press, 2021) pp. 96–118.
794:(Oxford University Press, 2007), pp. 41-42.
760:
758:
2589:Political terminology of the United States
1548:
1379:
1365:
1357:
921:. Princeton University Press. p. 40.
905:(Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 61.
413:
399:
29:
2013:United States Grain Standards Act of 1916
1148:
1138:
1105:
988:
897:
895:
2320:Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial
1245:Fromkin, David. "What Is Wilsonianism?"
1201:Vol: 295. Issue: 2. (March 2005) pp 36+.
751:. National Endowment for the Humanities.
2514:Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
1479:Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination
1342:Throntveit, Trygve. "Wilsonianism." in
1283:(Cornell Studies in Security Affairs) (
1240:Australian Journal of Political Science
876:(Texas A&M Press, 2008), pp. 16-17.
719:
213:Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination
32:
2233:1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election
1643:American Commission to Negotiate Peace
1094:Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies
861:Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy
777:Trygve Throntveit, "Wilsonianism." in
728:The Crisis of Liberal Internationalism
440:in January 1918 as a basis for ending
2046:United States Railroad Administration
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1004:
1002:
1000:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
849:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 42–51.
734:, No. 98 (Spring, 1995), pp. 159–177.
509:, and at least partial opposition to
7:
1864:Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
1578:Occupation of the Dominican Republic
188:United States occupation of Veracruz
2248:1916 Democratic National Convention
2238:1912 Democratic National Convention
2142:Birthplace and Presidential Library
1937:Federal Employees' Compensation Act
1784:Board of Mediation and Conciliation
820:"Woodrow Wilson, Impact and Legacy"
745:"Woodrow Wilson and foreign policy"
703:International relations (1919–1939)
659:, even if adjusted somewhat by the
448:. He was a leading advocate of the
97:28th President of the United States
1967:Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916
1858:Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act
1322:(U of North Carolina Press, 1997).
603:Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
25:
2023:Wildlife Game Refuges Act of 1916
1978:National Park Service Organic Act
1876:Glacier National Park Act of 1914
1675:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
1423:President of Princeton University
1299:Politics, Religion & Ideology
1294:(Cornell University Press, 2021).
889:(Simon and Schuster, 1994), p. 46
693:Diplomatic history of World War I
91:New Jersey gubernatorial election
86:President of Princeton University
2548:
2547:
2069:Acadia National Park Act of 1919
386:
380:
37:
2253:1916 U.S. presidential election
2243:1912 U.S. presidential election
2169:Summer White House (Harlakenden
1623:Committee on Public Information
1584:Army Appropriations Act of 1916
1513:State of the Union Address 1913
822:. Miller Center. 4 October 2016
2594:International relations theory
2574:Eponymous political ideologies
2164:Princeton University president
2159:Boyhood home in South Carolina
1403:President of the United States
971:Manela, Erez (December 2006).
1:
2452:(daughter, acting first lady)
2396:Backstairs at the White House
2314:Woodrow Wilson Junior College
2074:Grand Canyon Park Act of 1919
1881:Legislative Reference Service
1842:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
1665:Selective Service Act of 1917
1648:Armistice of 11 November 1918
1140:10.1080/13507486.2019.1633276
1996:Rural Post Roads Act of 1916
1932:Federal Aid Road Act of 1916
1107:10.21866/esjeas.2009.9.1.002
845:Ambrosius, Lloyd E. (2002).
2206:When a Man Comes to Himself
2122:Mineral Leasing Act of 1920
2117:Merchant Marine Act of 1920
2007:Stock-Raising Homestead Act
1691:Wartime Measure Act of 1918
1589:Council of National Defense
1235:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2002).
623:Egyptian Revolution of 1919
2615:
1927:Cotton Futures Act of 1916
1922:Brush Disposal Act of 1916
1847:Cotton Futures Act of 1914
1760:Federal racial segregation
1271:Princeton University Press
1127:European Review of History
977:American Historical Review
644:
498:Advocacy of the spread of
468:Advocacy of the spread of
224:1916 presidential election
120:1912 presidential election
2527:
2285:Woodrow Wilson Foundation
2085:Wheat Price Guarantee Act
2028:Flood Control Act of 1917
1898:Locomotive Inspection Act
1506:Woman Suffrage Procession
1394:
1067:10.1080/09592290108406228
544:humanitarian intervention
349:Wilson and race relations
156:Woman Suffrage Procession
2440:(wife, 1885–1914, death)
2200:Congressional Government
2110:Federal Power Commission
1869:Federal Trade Commission
1702:Racial Equality Proposal
1680:National War Labor Board
1285:Cornell University Press
1055:Diplomacy and Statecraft
607:Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi
540:liberal internationalism
454:liberal internationalism
262:Foreign policy 1917-1921
183:Federal Trade Commission
46:This article is part of
2519:Woodrow Wilson and race
2340:Woodrow Wilson Monument
2154:Boyhood home in Georgia
2059:War Revenue Act of 1917
1954:Federal Farm Loan Board
1887:Smith–Lever Act of 1914
1809:Rivers and Harbors Acts
1670:Immigration Act of 1918
1660:Immigration Act of 1917
1596:Philippine Autonomy Act
915:Getachew, Adom (2019).
557:American exceptionalism
436:. He issued his famous
282:Against Austria-Hungary
193:Pancho Villa Expedition
2147:papers and manuscripts
1892:War Risk Insurance Act
1696:Paris Peace Conference
1491:1919 Nobel Peace Prize
1474:Supreme Court nominees
1414:Governor of New Jersey
990:10.1086/ahr.111.5.1327
684:
595:United States Congress
312:Paris Peace Conference
2533:← William Howard Taft
2474:Joseph Ruggles Wilson
2462:Eleanor Wilson McAdoo
2346:Woodrow Wilson Bridge
2280:Woodrow Wilson Awards
2018:Warehouse Act of 1916
1984:National Park Service
1943:Federal Farm Loan Act
1910:Occupancy Permits Act
1655:Espionage Act of 1917
1566:Bryan–Chamorro Treaty
1469:Judicial appointments
1337:International Affairs
1249:11.1 (1994): 100-111
1242:53.3 (2018): 398–407.
1211:Walter Russell Mead,
1088:Manela, Erez (2009).
1023:10.1353/cal.2016.0017
680:
665:Franklin D. Roosevelt
645:Further information:
525:freedom of navigation
511:American isolationism
337:Judicial appointments
178:Clayton Antitrust Act
2444:Edith Bolling Wilson
2296:The Wilson Quarterly
2179:Woodrow Wilson House
2097:Railroad Labor Board
1715:Treaty of Versailles
1686:Sedition Act of 1918
1349:Throntveit, Trygve.
1261:Anne-Marie Slaughter
1247:World Policy Journal
1229:Ambrosius, Lloyd E.
1199:The Atlantic Monthly
1177:www.ourdocuments.gov
1121:Storm, Eric (2019).
618:Treaty of Versailles
474:Anne-Marie Slaughter
369:Presidential Library
322:Treaty of Versailles
203:Daylight saving time
2540:Warren G. Harding →
2488:(cousin, secretary)
2486:Helen Woodrow Bones
2456:Jessie Wilson Sayre
2388:Profiles in Courage
2356:U.S. Postage stamps
2064:Revenue Act of 1918
1991:Revenue Act of 1916
1797:Revenue Act of 1913
1765:Federal Reserve Act
1572:Occupation of Haiti
1339:86.1 (2010): 27–47.
1313:The Global Republic
1290:McAllister, James.
1259:, Thomas J. Knock,
1213:Special Providence,
927:10.2307/j.ctv3znwvg
726:Stanley Hoffmann, "
676:Walter Russell Mead
627:May Fourth Movement
549:collective security
529:freedom of the seas
507:collective security
292:American home front
267:Zimmermann telegram
173:Federal Reserve Act
81:South Carolina home
2438:Ellen Axson Wilson
2407:(2002 documentary)
1949:Farm Credit System
1852:Cutter Service Act
1802:Federal income tax
1778:Newlands Labor Act
1318:Perlmutter, Amos.
1277:Layne, Christopher
1263:& Tony Smith.
1257:Ikenberry, G. John
872:Joel Ira Holwitt,
635:March 1st Movement
551:, open diplomacy,
493:self-determination
430:Wilsonian idealism
2561:
2560:
2468:Francis Sayre Jr.
2446:(wife, 1915–1924)
2399:(1979 miniseries)
2130:
2129:
2104:Federal Power Act
1741:Wilsonian Armenia
1728:League of Nations
1459:1917 inauguration
1454:1913 inauguration
1292:Wilsonian Visions
936:978-0-691-17915-5
885:Henry Kissinger,
803:Antonio Cassese,
698:Empire of Liberty
611:African Americans
563:, and opposed to
482:League of Nations
450:League of Nations
423:
422:
327:League of Nations
307:Wilsonian Armenia
272:Thrasher incident
63:
62:
16:(Redirected from
2606:
2579:Internationalism
2551:
2550:
2091:Esch–Cummins Act
2033:Smith–Hughes Act
1972:Keating–Owen Act
1549:
1501:Silent Sentinels
1426:
1417:
1406:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1358:
1308:(2014) pp: 7-33.
1217:
1208:
1202:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1050:
1035:
1034:
1006:
995:
994:
992:
983:(5): 1327–1351.
968:
949:
948:
912:
906:
899:
890:
883:
877:
870:
864:
857:
851:
850:
842:
831:
830:
828:
827:
816:
810:
801:
795:
788:
782:
775:
769:
762:
753:
752:
741:
735:
724:
578:Wilsonian moment
415:
408:
401:
390:
389:
384:
238:2nd inauguration
168:Silent Sentinels
151:Women's suffrage
139:1st inauguration
59:
58:
56:
49:
41:
34:
33:
30:
21:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2523:
2509:Progressive Era
2497:
2450:Margaret Wilson
2426:
2371:
2365:
2330:(Austin statue)
2263:
2257:
2219:
2213:The New Freedom
2188:
2126:
1771:Federal Reserve
1746:
1633:Fourteen Points
1628:Four Minute Men
1547:
1437:
1429:
1420:
1409:
1398:
1390:
1385:
1226:
1224:Further reading
1221:
1220:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1191:
1182:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1052:
1051:
1038:
1008:
1007:
998:
970:
969:
952:
937:
914:
913:
909:
900:
893:
884:
880:
871:
867:
858:
854:
844:
843:
834:
825:
823:
818:
817:
813:
802:
798:
789:
785:
776:
772:
763:
756:
743:
742:
738:
725:
721:
716:
708:Nation-building
689:
669:Henry Kissinger
663:represented by
649:
643:
590:Fourteen Points
580:
559:, and free and
518:secret treaties
462:
438:Fourteen Points
419:
387:
385:
378:
333:
302:Fourteen Points
287:Against Germany
220:
217:
163:The New Freedom
116:
113:
98:
95:
54:
52:
51:
50:
47:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2612:
2610:
2602:
2601:
2599:Woodrow Wilson
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2492:William McAdoo
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2423:(2022 musical)
2416:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2375:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2327:Woodrow Wilson
2323:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2209:
2203:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1975:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1940:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1553:Foreign policy
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1496:19th Amendment
1493:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1466:
1464:Roosevelt desk
1461:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1418:
1407:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1388:Woodrow Wilson
1386:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1274:
1254:
1243:
1236:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1203:
1189:
1179:. 9 April 2021
1164:
1133:(5): 747–756.
1113:
1080:
1036:
996:
950:
935:
907:
891:
878:
865:
852:
832:
811:
796:
783:
770:
754:
736:
732:Foreign Policy
718:
717:
715:
712:
711:
710:
705:
700:
695:
688:
685:
642:
639:
631:Mahatma Gandhi
579:
576:
536:
535:
532:
521:
514:
503:
496:
489:
486:United Nations
478:
461:
458:
444:and promoting
434:Woodrow Wilson
421:
420:
418:
417:
410:
403:
395:
392:
391:
379:
377:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
345:
344:
332:
331:
330:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
277:Entry into war
274:
269:
264:
253:
252:
250:19th Amendment
247:
245:18th Amendment
241:
240:
234:
233:
232:
231:
218:
216:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
159:
158:
147:
146:
144:Foreign policy
141:
136:
130:
129:
128:
127:
114:
112:
111:
110:
109:
96:
94:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
65:
64:
61:
60:
55:Woodrow Wilson
48:a series about
44:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2611:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2554:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2482:(grandfather)
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2391:(1965 series)
2390:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2334:Wilson Square
2332:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2052:USRA standard
2049:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:Pueblo speech
1707:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1325:Smith, Tony.
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1301:(2021): 1-23.
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1275:
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1268:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1061:(4): 99–122.
1060:
1056:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:
932:
928:
924:
920:
919:
911:
908:
904:
898:
896:
892:
888:
882:
879:
875:
869:
866:
862:
856:
853:
848:
841:
839:
837:
833:
821:
815:
812:
808:
807:
800:
797:
793:
790:Erez Manela,
787:
784:
780:
774:
771:
767:
761:
759:
755:
750:
746:
740:
737:
733:
729:
723:
720:
713:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
686:
683:
679:
677:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:David Kennedy
648:
640:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
599:
596:
591:
586:
577:
575:
573:
572:Adom Getachew
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
541:
533:
530:
526:
522:
519:
515:
512:
508:
504:
501:
497:
494:
490:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
466:
465:
459:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
416:
411:
409:
404:
402:
397:
396:
394:
393:
383:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
364:Wilson Center
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
343:
342:Supreme Court
340:
339:
338:
335:
334:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
297:Espionage Act
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
239:
236:
235:
230:
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
198:Coalfield War
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
157:
154:
153:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
126:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
99:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
68:
67:
66:
57:
43:
40:
36:
35:
31:
19:
2538:
2531:
2494:(son-in-law)
2480:James Wilson
2418:
2411:
2402:
2394:
2387:
2379:
2325:
2318:
2309:High schools
2294:
2275:Bibliography
2212:
2205:
2199:
2174:Shadow Lawn)
1561:Wilsonianism
1560:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1280:
1264:
1246:
1239:
1230:
1212:
1206:
1198:
1192:
1181:. Retrieved
1176:
1167:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1058:
1054:
1014:
1010:
980:
976:
917:
910:
902:
886:
881:
873:
868:
860:
855:
846:
824:. Retrieved
814:
804:
799:
791:
786:
778:
773:
765:
748:
739:
731:
722:
681:
673:
650:
615:
600:
581:
569:
561:open borders
537:
523:Support for
505:Support for
491:Emphasis on
463:
429:
426:Wilsonianism
425:
424:
374:Wilsonianism
373:
354:Wilson House
76:Boyhood home
2415:(2013 book)
2383:(1944 film)
1916:Adamson Act
1752:New Freedom
1700:1919–1920;
1638:The Inquiry
1606:1917–1918;
1602:World War I
1580:(1916–1924)
1574:(1915–1934)
1425:(1902–1910)
1416:(1911–1913)
1405:(1913–1921)
945:j.ctv3znwvg
901:Joan Hoff,
585:Erez Manela
495:of peoples.
446:world peace
442:World War I
257:World War I
219:Second term
208:Banana Wars
2584:Liberalism
2568:Categories
2470:(grandson)
2464:(daughter)
2458:(daughter)
2079:Red Summer
1836:Sabath Act
1618:home front
1449:Transition
1435:Presidency
1183:2021-05-20
1150:1887/78038
1017:: 133–50.
826:2018-01-07
749:EDSITEment
714:References
651:Historian
637:in Korea.
629:in China,
565:revolution
553:capitalism
500:capitalism
460:Principles
229:Convention
134:Transition
125:Convention
115:First term
102:Presidency
71:Early life
2266:memorials
2225:Elections
2184:Gravesite
2001:Smith Act
1791:Raker Act
1613:campaigns
1159:198604198
1100:: 11–27.
1075:154809098
1031:159668506
887:Diplomacy
470:democracy
18:Wilsonian
2553:Category
2476:(father)
2342:(Prague)
2336:(Warsaw)
1961:Flag Day
1721:Big Four
1440:timeline
1329:(2019)
1287:, 2000).
1273:, 2009).
1011:Callaloo
687:See also
657:idealism
484:and the
317:Big Four
107:Timeline
2502:Related
2372:culture
2370:Popular
1734:charter
1486:Cabinet
1346:(2019).
1331:excerpt
781:(2019).
661:realism
2431:Family
2412:Wilson
2380:Wilson
2262:Legacy
2215:(1913)
2208:(1901)
2202:(1900)
2108:1920;
2095:1920;
2087:(1919)
2081:(1919)
2050:1917;
2037:1917;
2009:(1916)
2003:(1916)
1982:1916;
1974:(1916)
1963:(1916)
1947:1916;
1939:(1916)
1918:(1916)
1912:(1915)
1906:(1915)
1900:(1915)
1894:(1914)
1883:(1914)
1860:(1914)
1854:(1914)
1838:(1913)
1793:(1913)
1782:1913;
1769:1913;
1743:(1920)
1732:1920;
1719:1919;
1711:(1919)
1682:(1918)
1598:(1916)
1568:(1914)
1353:(2017)
1251:online
1215:(2001)
1157:
1073:
1029:
943:
933:
641:Impact
625:, the
2420:Suffs
2193:Books
1608:entry
1421:13th
1155:S2CID
1071:S2CID
1027:S2CID
941:JSTOR
678:said:
428:, or
2135:Life
1829:1916
1824:1915
1819:1914
1814:1913
1543:1920
1538:1918
1533:1917
1528:1916
1523:1915
1518:1914
1411:34th
1400:28th
931:ISBN
667:and
527:and
1145:hdl
1135:doi
1102:doi
1063:doi
1019:doi
985:doi
981:111
923:doi
2570::
1279:.
1175:.
1153:.
1143:.
1131:26
1129:.
1125:.
1096:.
1092:.
1069:.
1059:12
1057:.
1039:^
1025:.
1015:39
1013:.
999:^
979:.
975:.
953:^
939:.
929:.
894:^
835:^
757:^
747:.
730:,
567:.
555:,
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456:.
2268:)
2264:(
1442:)
1438:(
1380:e
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1269:(
1253:.
1186:.
1161:.
1147::
1137::
1110:.
1104::
1098:9
1077:.
1065::
1033:.
1021::
993:.
987::
947:.
925::
829:.
531:.
520:.
513:.
502:.
488:.
414:e
407:t
400:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
