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Tropical hardwoods are found within the equatorial belt, including Africa, Asia, and South
America. Hardwoods flaunt a higher density, around 1041 kg/m as a result of slower growing rates and is more stable when drying. As a result of its high density, hardwoods are typically heavier than softwoods but can also be more brittle. While there are an abundant number of hardwood species, only 200 are common enough and pliable enough to be used for woodworking. Hardwoods have a wide variety of properties, making it easy to find a hardwood to suit nearly any purpose, but they are especially suitable for outdoor use due to their strength and resilience to rot and decay. The coloring of hardwoods ranges from light to very dark, making it especially versatile for aesthetic purposes. However, because hardwoods are more closely grained, they are typically harder to work than softwoods. They are also harder to acquire in the United States and, as a result, are more expensive.
484:
pursued by many. There remains demand for hand crafted work such as furniture and arts, however with rate and cost of production, the cost for consumers is much higher. Modern woodcarving usually refers to works of wood art produced by woodcarvers in the form of contemporary art. This type of wood carving often combines traditional techniques with more modern artistic styles and concepts. Modern woodcarving can be produced in a variety of forms and styles, from realist to abstract carvings, and often uses unusual wood materials such as rainwood or wood with unique textures to highlight the uniqueness of the work.In recent years, the art of modern wood carving has become increasingly popular among woodworkers and visual art enthusiasts not only in Asia, but also around the world. Modern woodcarving art is often exhibited in art galleries and museums, and can be seen in several global contemporary art exhibitions.
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to the tendency of felled softwood to shrink and swell as it dries. Softwoods usually have a lower density, around 432–592 kg/m, which can compromise its strength. Density, however, does vary within both softwoods and hardwoods depending on the wood's geographical origin and growth rate. However, the lower density of softwoods also allows it to have a greater strength with lighter weight. In the United States, softwoods are typically cheaper and more readily available and accessible. Most softwoods are suitable for general construction, especially framing, trim, and finish work, and carcassing.
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electric basses. Aspen is similarly soft, although slightly harder, and readily available and inexpensive. Butternut has a deeper hue than basswood and aspen and has a nice grain that is easy to carve, and thus friendly for beginners. It is also suitable for furniture. While more expensive than basswood, aspen, and butternut, black walnut is a popular choice for its rich color and grain. Lastly, oak is a strong, sturdy, and versatile wood for carving with a defined grain. It is also a popular wood for furniture making.
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of wood is high, it offers a lower resistance when cutting and has a diminished blunting effect on tools. Highly workable wood is easier to manipulate into desired forms. If the wood grain is straight and even, it will be much easier to create strong and durable glued joints. Additionally, it will help protect the wood from splitting when nailed or screwed. Coarse grains require a lengthy process of filing and rubbing down the grain to produce a smooth result.
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727:, is inexpensive and common at local home centers. It has a characteristic straight, pronounced grain with a red-brown tint. However, its grain pattern is relatively plain and it does not stain well, so fir is commonly used when the finished product will be painted. While commonly used for building, this softwood would also be suitable for furniture-making.
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is an important tool used in woodworking. It is similar to a hand drill, but is a table/floor mounted machine that uses a shaft with a spring loaded handle to lower the drill bit into the wood or material. A hand drill is used by many woodworkers, but a drill press is even more accurate and powerful.
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While many woods can be used for carving, there are some clear favorites, including aspen, basswood, butternut, black walnut, and oak. Because it has almost no grain and is notably soft, Basswood is particularly popular with beginner carvers. It is used in many lower-cost instruments like guitars and
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such as tables and chairs is made using solid stock from hardwoods due to its strength and resistance to warping. Additionally, they also have a greater variety of grain patterns and color and take a finish better which allows the woodworker to exercise a great deal of artistic liberty. Hardwoods can
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Each area of woodworking requires a different variation of tools. Power tools and hand tools are both used for woodworking. Many modern woodworkers choose to use power tools in their trade for the added ease and to save time. However, many woodworkers still choose to use only hand tools for several
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There are many factors to consider when deciding what type of wood to use for a project. One of the most important is the workability of the wood: the way in which it responds when worked by hand or tools, the quality of the grain, and how it responds to adhesives and finishes. When the workability
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Softwood is most commonly found in the regions of the world with lower temperatures and is typically less durable, lighter in weight, and more vulnerable to pests and fungal attacks in comparison to hardwoods. They typically have a paler color and a more open grain than hardwoods, which contributes
379:
Woodworking was essential to the Romans. It provided, material for buildings, transportation, tools, and household items. Wood also provided pipes, dye, waterproofing materials, and energy for heat.Although most examples of Roman woodworking have been lost, the literary record preserved much of the
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Another important factor is the durability of the wood, especially in regards to moisture. If the finished project will be exposed to moisture (e.g. outdoor projects) or high humidity or condensation (e.g. in kitchens or bathrooms), then the wood needs to be especially durable in order to prevent
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With strength, sturdiness, and durability, maple is a common material for furniture for the bedroom and even china cabinets. Maple is moisture-resistant and frequently displays stand-out swirls in the wood grain, an aesthetically pleasing differentiator from other hardwoods. While most commonly a
492:
Woodworking, especially furniture making, has many different designs/styles. Throughout its history, woodworking designs and styles have changed. Some of the more common styles are listed below. Traditional furniture styles usually include styles that have been around for long periods of time and
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Popular and easy to work with, cherry is in high demand for its reddish-brown color and ease of staining and finishing. Cherry likely will not be at the local home center, but should be at a lumberyard for a somewhat expensive price. This hardwood is a very common material for furniture, and is
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This hardwood is relatively easy to work with and takes stain well, but its white to light brown color with a straight grain is visually appealing on its own. However, ash is much more difficult to find than other common woods, and will not be found at the local home center. Larger lumber yards
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are strong, aromatic softwoods that are capable of enduring outdoor elements, the most common of which is the western red cedar. Western red cedar can sustain wet environments without succumbing to rot, and as a result is commonly used for outdoor projects such as patios, outdoor furniture, and
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Hardwoods are separated into two categories, temperate and tropical hardwoods, depending on their origin. Temperate hardwoods are found in the regions between the tropics and poles, and are of particular interest to wood workers for their cost-effective aesthetic appeal and sustainable sources.
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can carve complicated and highly detailed shapes into flat stock, to create signs or art. Rechargeable power tools speed up creation of many projects and require much less body strength than in the past, for example when boring multiple holes. Skilled fine woodworking, however, remains a craft
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With two varieties, red and white, oak is known to be easy to work with and relatively strong. However, furniture makers often opt for white oak over red oak for its attractive figure and moisture-resistance. Depending on the kind needed, oak can probably be found at a local home center or a
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Both files and rasps are used to grind down wood material either to make the surface flat, rounded, concaved, or many other shapes. Rasps make deeper cuts while files make smaller and less harsh cuts on the wood. The difference between the two is mainly their teeth size.
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Whether yellow or white birch, these hardwoods are stable and easy to work with. Despite this, birch is prone to blotching when stained, so painting birch products is probably best. Birch is easily found at many home centers and is a relatively inexpensive hardwood.
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A hardwood, mahogany has a trademark reddish-brown to deep-red tint and is known as "one of the great furniture woods". However, mahogany is not typically grown in sustainable forests, and thus runs a steep price at local lumber yards.
739:, ponderosa, and southern yellow pine are common species used in furniture-making. White pine and ponderosa are typically used for indoor projects, while Southern yellow pine is recommended for outdoor projects due to its durability.
424:(éŻçŹç¶“, "Manuscript of Lu Ban"). Despite this, it is believed that the text was written some 1500 years after his death. This book is filled largely with descriptions of dimensions for use in building various items such as
607:
Historically, woodworkers relied upon the woods native to their region, until transportation and trade innovations made more exotic woods available to the craftsman. Woods are typically sorted into three basic types:
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Hardwood of the
European species Fagus sylvatica is widely used for furniture framing and carcase construction, in plywood, musical instruments (drum shells and piano blocks) and turned items like knobs.
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1301:, also known as a chop saw is a stationary saw used for making precise cuts across the grain path of a board. These cuts can be at any chosen angle that the particular saw is capable of.
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is a small powered sander that uses either a vibration or orbital motion to move a piece of sand paper upon the workpiece making very fine modifications in smoothing your product.
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1983:
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show that many were used to work wood. The development of civilization was closely tied to the development of increasingly greater degrees of skill in working these materials.
643:, which are coniferous, cone-bearing, and stay green year round. Although a general pattern, softwoods are not necessarily always “softer” than hardwoods, and vice versa.
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is a machine that uses a wide rotating sandpaper drum to sand down a piece of wood as it rolls through the tool. Similar to a planer in how it operates; but instead of
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Hardwoods, botanically known as angiosperms, are deciduous and shed their leaves annually with temperature changes. Softwoods come from trees botanically known as
479:) Machines, for example, has made it possible to mass-produce and reproduce products faster, with less waste, and often with more complex design than ever before.
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are tools that are powered by an external energy such as a battery, motor, or a power cable connected to a wall outlet. The more common power tools are:
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is intended to make long precise cuts along the grain pattern of the board known as rip cuts. Most table saws offer the option of a beveled rip cut.
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With the advances in modern technology and the demands of industry, woodwork as a field has changed. The development of
Computer Numeric Controlled (
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Two palm sanders. Left sander is an orbital palm sander. The sander on the right is a mouse sander. Which uses vibration instead of orbital motions.
248:) have been preserved. Tombs represent a large collection of these artifacts and the inner coffins found in the tombs were also made of wood. The
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is used to make both irregularly shaped cuts and cuts through material thicker than a table saw can manage. It is much more robust than the
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Woodworking clamps. Top left two are f-style clamps. On the right is a quick-grip Irwin clamp. In the bottom middle is a spring clamp.
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have shown a mark of wealth and luxury for centuries. More modern furniture styles are commonly used over the past few hundred years.
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is used to produce a flat surface along a board's length and to create a square (or 90°) edge between two adjoining surfaces.
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are classified as tools that receive power only from the hands that are holding them. Edged hand woodworking tools need to be
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be cut more cleanly and leave less residue on sawblades and other woodworking tools. Cabinet/fixture makers employ the use of
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rot. Because of their oily qualities, many tropical hardwoods such as teak and mahogany are popular for such applications.
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building exteriors. This wood can be easily found at most home centers in the US and Canada for a moderate price.
228:. Woodworking is depicted in many extant ancient Egyptian drawings, and a considerable amount of ancient Egyptian
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are tools with a long blade, a cutting edge, and a handle. Used for cutting and shaping wood or other materials.
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while being worked. Clamps vary in all shapes and sizes from small c-clamps to very large bar or strap clamps. A
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1186:, according to Cambridge University, "a saw that is operated by hand rather than using electricity or a motor."
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and the added character to the work, while some choose to use only hand tools simply for their own enjoyment.
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is a retractable or flexible ruler that has measurement increments as small as 1/32" or 1 millimetre.
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can mark 90 and 45-degree fixed angles and any angle between 0 and 90 degrees using its long axis.
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is used to smooth the surface of a board and make it the exact thickness across the entire board.
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of
Fellbach-Schmieden in Germany has provided fine examples of wooden animal statues from the
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Woodworking hand tools used in class at the Women's
Woodshop in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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published by
Institut fĂĽr den Wissenschaftlichen Film. Available in the AV-Portal of the
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The practical woodworker : a comprehensive step-by-step course in working with wood
1082:, which can hammer, pry, and pull nails, is the most common hammer used in woodworking.
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A try square. A common style of square in woodworking usually used for 90 degree angles
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to trees and woody plants, providing a wealth of information on trees and their uses.
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331:, though the composition of these varnishes is unknown. Although different native
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is a vise specialized to the needs of a woodworker; numerous types have evolved.
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1984:"differences American hardwoods and tropical hardwoods | Hardwood Distributors"
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A common hammer, the claw hammer, used in woodworking and other activities
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Wooden house with wooden furniture, spinning wheel, loom and various tools
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2548:. revised and expanded by Alan Peters. New York: Sterling Publishing Co.
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is a tool used to drill a hole or to insert a screw into a workpiece.
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is a form of clamp, temporarily or permanently mounted as required. A
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436:. It mentions almost nothing of the intricate glue-less and nail-less
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resistant to normal wear-and-tear, but it is best for indoor pieces.
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A review of wood machining literature with a special focus on sawing
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Woodworking basics : mastering the essentials of craftsmanship
146:) provide some of the first examples of wooden hunting implements.
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and other man made panel products. Some furniture, such as the
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and animal parts, wood was one of the first materials worked by
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Top two are files. The bottom (orange-handled) tool is a rasp.
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Among early finds of wooden tools are the worked sticks from
2476:"Planer vs Drum Sander - Which Should You Choose? - Rockler"
2311:"Getting an Edge with Waterstones, Oilstones, and Sandpaper"
432:, etc., and also contains extensive instructions concerning
408:
The progenitors of
Chinese woodworking are considered to be
4312:
1842:
Leospo, Enrichetta (2001), "Woodworking in
Ancient Egypt",
807:
lighter color, maple also can take stains and paint well.
351:
resulted in the need for the importation of wood, notably
224:
There is significant evidence of advanced woodworking in
154:, carved wooden vessels are known, for example, from the
30:"Woodwork" redirects here. For the Fred Frith album, see
416:(771 to 476 BC). Lu Ban is said to have introduced the
1957:"A Complete Guide To All The Types Of Furniture Styles"
1227:
998:
4172:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
5132:
4964:
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3352:
3295:
2966:
2885:
2876:
2700:
2669:
2285:"Top Hardwoods for Carving | Hardwood Distributors"
798:lumberyard for a bit pricier than other hardwoods.
394:, while not a botanist, dedicated six books of his
200:period known from a sanctuary at the source of the
2080:
2621:German National Library of Science and Technology
2451:"A Drill Press Will Make You a Better Woodworker"
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2507:. Mission Hills California: Glencoe Publishing.
2180:"Working with pine, tips and tricks for success"
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
49:Artists can use woodworking to create delicate
2595:History of Woodworking & Ancient Carpentry
4328:
2647:
1411:Older drill press. Floor mounted drill press.
299:. These joints were strengthened using pegs,
8:
2074:
2072:
2070:
1880:
1878:
1130:is used to mark angles on any workpiece. An
691:Warehouse of timber at a cardboard factory.
2426:"Difference Between Band Saw Vs Scroll Saw"
1106:is used to surface aspects of a workpiece.
4335:
4321:
4313:
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3358:
2882:
2654:
2640:
2632:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
1317:Electric plug-in tablesaw for woodworking.
992:. A more novel method involves the use of
335:were used, as was the wood from the local
2156:"Types of Wood for Woodworking – dummies"
996:. The more common modern hand tools are:
271:Commonly used woodworking tools included
4162:Building and Wood Workers' International
1739:, a system of handicraft-based education
495:
319:. Ancient Egyptians invented the art of
1810:
2529:. Newton, Connecticut: Taunton Press.
2045:. Freeman, John. Wigston: Southwater.
1395:, also regularly used in woodworking.
628:trees, and man-made materials such as
295:joints are attested from the earliest
412:(éŻçŹ) and his wife Lady Yun, from the
256:for woodworking tools was originally
7:
4297:
497:Common woodworking/furniture styles
390:to timber, preserving many details.
5260:
4287:
4147:American Association of Woodturners
1355:Powermatic jointer for woodworking.
743:Common hardwoods used for furniture
683:Common softwoods used for furniture
384:dedicates an entire chapter of his
150:tools were used for carving. Since
27:Process of making objects from wood
2232:"The Best Woods for DIY Furniture"
2186:. Meredith Corporation. March 2003
1820:Egyptian Woodworking and Furniture
824:Woods with good working properties
502:Traditional & timeless styles
60:is the skill of making items from
25:
4609:Global Forest Information Service
4177:National Wood Carvers Association
2309:Kolle, Jefferson (January 2000).
5365:
5356:
5355:
5343:
5329:
5315:
5301:
5287:
5273:
5259:
4296:
4286:
4277:
4276:
4152:Architectural Woodwork Institute
2546:Encyclopedia of Furniture Making
2480:Rockler Woodworking and Hardware
2323:. pp. 56–61. Archived from
5366:
832:Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum
4157:British Woodworking Federation
2087:. Newtown, CT: Taunton Press.
1245:Cordless electric power drill.
268:was unknown until much later.
260:and eventually, after 2000 BC
1:
4167:Caricature Carvers of America
2527:Tage Frid Teaches Woodworking
1652:Glossary of woodworking terms
1051:Five woodworking wood chisels
811:Factors in choosing materials
2289:www.hardwooddistributors.org
1988:www.hardwooddistributors.org
1293:Electric compound miter saw.
315:came to be used only in the
220:Ancient Egyptian woodworking
2400:Kelsey, John (2004-10-28).
1456:List of furniture designers
1098:Two woodworking hand planes
5428:
4720:Growth and yield modelling
2572:French Academy of Sciences
2505:Cabinetmaking and Millwork
2369:"top 40 woodworking tools"
2041:Stephen., Corbett (2012).
1453:
176:from northern Germany and
29:
5294:Earth sciences portal
5280:Climate change portal
5255:
4861:Great Green Wall (Africa)
4350:
4272:
4182:Society of Wood Engravers
3361:
1889:. Yale University Press.
1885:Ulrich, Roger B. (2008).
1818:Killen, Geoffrey (1994).
1134:also includes a ruler. A
753:should have it in stock.
161:at KĂĽckhofen and Eythra.
5412:Wood-related terminology
4866:Great Green Wall (China)
4439:Close to nature forestry
2617:Videos about woodworking
2503:Feirer, John L. (1988).
984:which is done using the
859:Triplochiton scleroxylon
505:Modern furniture styles
414:Spring and Autumn period
380:contemporary knowledge.
4900:Million Tree Initiative
1672:History of wood carving
1667:History of construction
1657:Green building and wood
5322:Environment portal
4754:Sustainable management
4649:Trillion Tree Campaign
4259:Frameless construction
3340:Wood-plastic composite
2613:peoples in Madagascar.
2544:Joyce, Edward (1987).
1844:The Art of Woodworking
1822:. Shire Publications.
1508:Alexander Grabovetskiy
1408:
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1352:
1314:
1290:
1266:
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1199:
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946:Woods used for carving
699:
659:
472:
221:
156:Linear Pottery culture
54:
42:
5247:Wood process engineer
4951:Urban forest inequity
2568:The Art of the Joiner
2117:"Lumber Buying Guide"
1793:Woodworking workbench
1488:Frank E. Cummings III
1438:, a drum sander uses
1407:
1375:
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219:
168:wood-carving include
48:
40:
5402:Industrial processes
4910:Shifting cultivation
4851:Forest fragmentation
4821:Carbon sequestration
4691:Woodland Carbon Code
4656:Forest certification
4564:Even-aged management
4479:Sustainable forestry
4187:Timber Framers Guild
3041:Australian Blackwood
2591:. BioRes, April 2013
2387:Cambridge Dictionary
2253:"Woodworking Basics"
2079:Korn, Peter (2003).
911:Eucalyptus marginata
602:Tonewood: Properties
367:, starting from the
4715:Formally designated
4559:Ecological thinning
4469:Plantation forestry
4377:Research institutes
3907:Hammer-headed tenon
3426:Janka hardness test
2402:"Files & Rasps"
2206:"The Wood Database"
1533:Thomas J. MacDonald
1450:Notable woodworkers
1282:Compound miter saw
1230:
1023:are used to hold a
1001:
498:
134:and Lehringen. The
5308:Ecology portal
4841:Forest degradation
4836:Ecosystem services
4444:Community forestry
2768:Japanese carpentry
2564:Roubo, André Jacob
1788:Woodworking safety
1682:Japanese carpentry
1608:Charles H. Hayward
1573:Matthias Pliessnig
1553:Judy Kensley McKie
1409:
1377:
1353:
1315:
1299:compound miter saw
1291:
1267:
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1228:
1200:
1191:Files & Rasps
1178:Three old handsaws
1176:
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1096:
1072:
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999:
885:Very durable woods
700:
660:
612:typified by tight
496:
488:Styles and designs
473:
317:New Kingdom period
297:Predynastic period
222:
110:Microwear analysis
55:
43:
5379:
5378:
5336:Plants portal
5122:green woodworking
4310:
4309:
4264:Green woodworking
4121:Wood preservation
4049:
4048:
3952:Tongue and groove
3932:Mortise and tenon
3821:
3820:
3519:Warrington hammer
3348:
3347:
3036:African Blackwood
2828:Segmented turning
2627:Woodwork Magazine
2430:Woodworking Arena
1961:Bassett Furniture
1887:Roman Woodworking
1872:Leospo, pp. 17–19
1863:Leospo, pp. 20–21
1732:Segmented turning
1662:Green woodworking
1578:André Jacob Roubo
1446:
1445:
1412:
1391:or more delicate
1380:
1379:Plug-in band saw.
1356:
1330:Thickness planer
1318:
1294:
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1211:
1210:
1203:
1179:
1155:
1132:adjustable square
1123:
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1017:
677:green woodworking
616:and derived from
589:
588:
522:American Colonial
442:Chinese furniture
293:Mortise and tenon
232:(such as stools,
16:(Redirected from
5419:
5369:
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5350:Trees portal
5348:
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4984:Forest gardening
4941:Timber recycling
4888:Invasive species
4776:Tree measurement
4337:
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4290:
4289:
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4279:
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3499:Thickness planer
3359:
3153:(lime, basswood)
2883:
2743:Chainsaw carving
2656:
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2585:Naylor, Andrew.
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2327:on June 21, 2010
2319:. No. 140.
2316:Fine Woodworking
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1990:. Archived from
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1748:Studio furniture
1722:Reclaimed lumber
1593:Henry O. Studley
1588:Rosanne Somerson
1558:George Nakashima
1498:Wharton Esherick
1493:Henning Engelsen
1410:
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960:reasons such as
723:, also known as
598:Wood: Properties
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481:CNC wood routers
32:Woodwork (album)
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5078:Christmas trees
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4876:Illegal logging
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4517:Controlled burn
4502:
4493:
4474:Social forestry
4454:Energy forestry
4434:Bamboo forestry
4429:Analog forestry
4403:
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4254:Frame and panel
4242:
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3441:Milling machine
3344:
3305:Cross-laminated
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2843:Spindle turning
2833:Shingle weaving
2803:Pallet crafting
2696:
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2580:Further reading
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1942:Natural History
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1483:George Collings
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975:
957:
948:
902:Milicia excelsa
893:Tectona grandis
887:
874:Western cedar (
850:Tilia americana
841:Alnus glutinosa
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719:Within the USA
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450:
444:was so famous.
406:
397:Natural History
387:De architectura
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152:Neolithic times
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2566:(1769–1784).
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2371:. 2013-04-13.
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1994:on 2018-04-16
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404:Ancient China
403:
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345:deforestation
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218:
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47:
39:
33:
19:
5341:
5327:
5313:
5299:
5285:
5271:
5264:
5242:Tree planter
5222:Resin tapper
5202:Truck driver
5197:River driver
5116:
4946:Tree hugging
4931:
4914:
4881:timber mafia
4871:High grading
4856:Ghost forest
4826:Clearcutting
4749:Silviculture
4725:Horticulture
4569:Fire ecology
4484:Urban forest
4459:Mycoforestry
4419:
4415:Agroforestry
4396:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4363:Forest areas
4361:
4354:
4071:Heat bending
4016:Edge banding
3788:Router plane
3783:Rebate plane
3743:Finger plane
3474:
3178:
3172:
3152:
3146:Lignum vitae
2904:
2898:
2863:Wood carving
2838:Shipbuilding
2823:Root carving
2783:Log building
2748:Chip carving
2662:
2587:
2567:
2545:
2526:
2504:
2483:. Retrieved
2479:
2470:
2459:. Retrieved
2457:. 2010-10-28
2454:
2445:
2434:. Retrieved
2432:. 2020-05-10
2429:
2420:
2409:. Retrieved
2405:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2329:. Retrieved
2325:the original
2314:
2304:
2293:. Retrieved
2291:. 2015-05-19
2288:
2256:. Retrieved
2247:
2236:. Retrieved
2234:. 2015-06-10
2210:. Retrieved
2208:. 2009-01-03
2200:
2188:. Retrieved
2183:
2174:
2163:. Retrieved
2159:
2124:. Retrieved
2120:
2111:
2082:
2042:
1996:. Retrieved
1992:the original
1987:
1964:. Retrieved
1960:
1951:
1941:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1886:
1868:
1859:
1852:Museo Egizio
1843:
1838:
1819:
1813:
1768:Wood carving
1743:Stave church
1518:James Krenov
1425:Drum sander
1400:Drill press
1258:Palm sander
1229:Power tools
1221:
1212:
1160:tape measure
1154:Tape measure
1136:speed square
1063:Claw hammer
976:
958:
949:
936:
927:
918:
909:
900:
891:
875:
866:
857:
848:
839:
830:
818:
814:
805:
796:
787:
778:
769:
760:
751:
734:
718:
706:
661:
649:
645:
638:
606:
595:
584:Contemporary
533:Traditional
491:
474:
459:woodworkers
421:
407:
396:
385:
378:
375:Ancient Rome
270:
266:iron working
252:used by the
223:
172:worked into
164:Examples of
163:
125:
121:Neanderthals
119:used by the
106:early humans
95:
74:wood carving
57:
56:
5392:Woodworking
5266:WikiProject
5190:smokejumper
5170:Firefighter
5133:Occupations
5117:Woodworking
4698:Forestation
4629:restoration
4584:informatics
4449:Ecoforestry
4292:WikiProject
4238:Rift sawing
4228:Flat sawing
4116:Wood drying
3793:Scrub plane
3778:Razee plane
3728:Block plane
3582:Mitre clamp
3529:Wood scribe
3480:Combination
3222:Purpleheart
2918:Douglas fir
2868:Woodturning
2701:Occupations
2663:Woodworking
1783:Woodturning
1568:Alan Peters
1563:Jere Osgood
1463:Alvar Aalto
1417:drill press
1275:palm sander
1223:Power tools
1218:Power tools
1087:Hand plane
1080:claw hammer
1000:Hand tools
725:Douglas fir
641:gymnosperms
426:flower pots
422:Lu Ban Jing
357:Aleppo pine
355:, but also
349:Nile valley
313:Animal glue
180:and wooden
170:tree trunks
117:stone tools
96:Along with
86:woodturning
58:Woodworking
5407:Scoutcraft
5386:Categories
5212:Lumberjack
5207:Log scaler
5090:engineered
5041:non-timber
5014:sawmilling
4966:Industries
4933:svedjebruk
4644:transition
4624:protection
4614:old-growth
4599:governance
4554:Dendrology
4504:management
4370:Ministries
4247:Techniques
4196:Conversion
4126:Wood stain
4054:Treatments
3842:Birdsmouth
3808:Spokeshave
3758:Jack plane
3748:Fore plane
3587:Pipe clamp
3552:Band clamp
3476:Carpenters
3297:Engineered
3247:Rubberwood
3096:Eucalyptus
2900:Calocedrus
2813:Pyrography
2778:Kohlrosing
2611:Zafimaniry
2609:about the
2523:Frid, Tage
2497:References
2485:2023-05-02
2461:2023-05-01
2436:2020-07-05
2411:2023-05-02
2331:2017-10-31
2295:2018-04-16
2238:2018-04-16
2212:2022-06-22
2165:2018-04-16
2126:2018-04-16
2094:156158620X
1998:2018-04-16
1966:2023-04-26
1925:. 1:2.9.1.
1829:0747802394
1805:References
1778:Wood Inlay
1753:Tack cloth
1707:Marionette
1543:Sam Maloof
1478:John Boson
1473:Bae Se-hwa
1468:Norm Abram
1454:See also:
1393:scroll saw
1306:Table saw
1104:hand plane
978:Hand tools
973:Hand tools
966:experience
917:Chestnut (
847:Basswood (
662:Typically
626:coniferous
575:Minimalism
465:Mashrabiya
448:Modern day
440:for which
428:, tables,
311:lashings.
289:bow drills
166:Bronze Age
140:Schöningen
114:Mousterian
51:sculptures
5160:Ecologist
5073:Tree farm
4974:Coppicing
4916:chitemene
4816:Acid rain
4764:allometry
4686:SmartWood
4634:secondary
4619:pathology
4594:inventory
4532:driftwood
4398:Arbor Day
4036:Parquetry
4031:Oystering
4026:Marquetry
3867:Butterfly
3534:Workbench
3466:Sandpaper
3446:Mitre box
3391:Drawknife
3381:Burnisher
3366:Abrasives
3315:Hardboard
2976:Afromosia
2858:Whittling
2808:Parquetry
2793:Marquetry
2738:Certosina
2733:Carpentry
2723:Cabinetry
2670:Overviews
2570:. Paris:
2383:"handsaw"
2061:801605649
1919:Vitruvius
1905:192003268
1773:Wood glue
1712:Marquetry
1637:Carpentry
1503:Tage Frid
1440:sandpaper
1368:Band saw
1323:table saw
1025:workpiece
994:sandpaper
982:sharpened
962:tradition
664:furniture
622:softwoods
610:hardwoods
596:See also
592:Materials
548:Sheraton
529:Victorian
510:Jacobean
463:wood for
457:Damascene
434:Feng Shui
382:Vitruvius
329:finishing
325:varnishes
323:and used
321:veneering
285:pull saws
254:Egyptians
230:furniture
196:from the
192:. Wooden
82:carpentry
70:furniture
66:cabinetry
5361:Category
5175:handcrew
5145:Arborist
5140:Forester
5100:mahogany
5046:palm oil
5036:charcoal
5021:Products
4956:Wildfire
4769:breeding
4730:GM trees
4579:dynamics
4391:Journals
4384:Colleges
4344:Forestry
4282:Category
4061:Adhesive
4041:Purfling
4021:Intarsia
3962:Profiles
3887:Dovetail
3826:Geometry
3665:Hand saw
3650:Crosscut
3635:Circular
3630:Chainsaw
3577:Holdfast
3242:Rosewood
3174:American
3169:Mahogany
3141:Jelutong
3111:Hornbeam
3076:Cocobolo
3071:Chestnut
2986:Andiroba
2798:Millwork
2763:Intarsia
2758:Fretwork
2753:Ébéniste
2682:Glossary
2525:(1979).
2258:23 March
2103:51810586
1939:(1938).
1798:Yakisugi
1702:Millwork
1687:Lath art
1677:Intarsia
1642:Ébéniste
1620:See also
1385:band saw
1344:Jointer
1167:Handsaw
1040:Chisels
920:Castanea
908:Jarrah (
784:Mahogany
693:Buryatia
675:involve
543:Vintage
539:Art Deco
513:Antique
341:tamarisk
337:sycamore
190:Iron Age
72:making,
18:Woodwork
5371:Outline
5185:lookout
5180:hotshot
5061:tanbark
5031:biomass
5026:biochar
5004:plywood
4989:Logging
4893:wilding
4542:log jam
4499:Ecology
4302:Commons
4218:Whipsaw
4213:Sawmill
4106:Varnish
4101:Thermal
4076:Lacquer
4011:Binding
3980:Chamfer
3847:Biscuit
3813:Surform
3705:Whipsaw
3675:Keyhole
3660:Fretsaw
3640:Compass
3625:Bucksaw
3615:Bandsaw
3610:Backsaw
3592:Sawbuck
3562:F-clamp
3557:C-clamp
3431:Jointer
3335:Plywood
3287:Zebrano
3227:Ovankol
3192:Meranti
3180:African
3151:Linden
3106:Hickory
3061:Cedrela
3056:Camphor
3051:Bubinga
3046:Boxwood
3026:Bilinga
3011:Avodire
2928:Juniper
2913:Cypress
2788:Luthier
2677:History
2190:29 June
2160:dummies
1854:, p. 20
1763:Turning
1727:Saw pit
1697:Luthier
1430:A drum
1361:jointer
1184:handsaw
1111:Square
1056:Chisels
1005:Clamps
935:Cedar (
929:Quercus
856:Obeah (
838:Alder (
669:plywood
630:plywood
567:Modern
551:Rustic
469:hookahs
461:turning
438:joinery
361:boxwood
347:in the
343:trees,
333:acacias
305:leather
281:chisels
198:La Tène
178:Denmark
174:coffins
144:Germany
112:of the
92:History
78:joinery
5397:Crafts
5217:Ranger
5165:Feller
5150:Bucker
5056:rubber
4999:lumber
4809:topics
4796:volume
4791:height
4737:i-Tree
4574:Forest
4527:coarse
4522:Debris
4421:dehesa
4208:Hewing
3947:Splice
3902:Halved
3897:Groove
3892:Finger
3872:Coping
3857:Bridle
3834:Joints
3715:Planes
3700:Veneer
3690:Scroll
3685:Ripsaw
3670:Jigsaw
3645:Coping
3544:Clamps
3471:Square
3461:Shaper
3456:Router
3436:Mallet
3411:Gimlet
3386:Chisel
3282:Willow
3272:Walnut
3262:Totara
3252:Sapele
3217:Poplar
3202:Padauk
3164:Merbau
3136:Jarrah
3121:Imbuia
3116:Idigbo
3081:Cumaru
3066:Cherry
2991:Anigre
2953:Spruce
2906:Cedrus
2773:Khatam
2728:Caning
2691:lumber
2552:
2533:
2511:
2101:
2091:
2059:
2049:
1903:
1893:
1826:
1436:blades
1432:sander
1389:jigsaw
1234:Drill
1128:square
1021:Clamps
964:, the
899:Iron (
890:Teak (
865:Pine (
829:Agba (
775:Cherry
735:White
708:Cedars
697:Russia
518:Dutch
430:altars
410:Lu Ban
301:dowels
287:, and
262:bronze
258:copper
246:chests
238:tables
234:chairs
206:France
184:. The
136:spears
84:, and
5051:rayon
4786:girth
4781:crown
4742:urban
4639:stand
4547:slash
4537:large
4408:Types
4356:Index
4086:Paint
3995:Ovolo
3990:Ogive
3975:Bevel
3942:Scarf
3927:Miter
3695:Table
3680:Miter
3655:Frame
3572:Gripe
3488:Speed
3484:Miter
3416:Gauge
3406:Float
3401:Fence
3396:Drill
3354:Tools
3277:Wenge
3267:Utile
3232:Ramin
3187:Maple
3159:Lovoa
3131:Iroko
3101:Hazel
3086:Ebony
3031:Birch
3021:Beech
3016:Balsa
3006:Aspen
3001:Apple
2981:Alder
2938:Kauri
2933:Larch
2895:Cedar
2878:Woods
2853:Treen
2607:Video
1937:Pliny
1848:Turin
1737:Sloyd
1692:Ligna
1251:drill
955:Tools
938:Thuja
926:Oak (
868:Pinus
802:Maple
766:Birch
757:Beech
703:Cedar
624:from
614:grain
559:Retro
418:plane
392:Pliny
353:cedar
277:adzes
250:metal
202:Seine
194:idols
159:wells
148:Flint
138:from
98:stone
5110:teak
5095:fuel
5085:Wood
4905:REDD
4759:Tree
4676:PEFC
4661:ATFS
3985:Ogee
3970:Bead
3912:Knee
3882:Dado
3862:Butt
3602:Saws
3514:Vise
3451:Rasp
3376:Adze
3257:Teak
3212:Plum
3207:Pear
2968:Hard
2948:Rimu
2943:Pine
2887:Soft
2687:Wood
2550:ISBN
2531:ISBN
2509:ISBN
2260:2015
2192:2020
2099:OCLC
2089:ISBN
2057:OCLC
2047:ISBN
1901:OCLC
1891:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1249:The
1126:The
1078:The
1029:vise
988:and
737:pine
731:Pine
632:and
600:and
467:and
363:and
339:and
327:for
309:cord
303:and
273:axes
242:beds
186:site
102:clay
62:wood
4681:SFI
4671:FSC
4666:CFS
4604:law
4589:IPM
4501:and
4111:Wax
4081:Oil
3917:Lap
3852:Box
3620:Bow
3492:Try
3371:Axe
3325:OSB
3320:MDF
3197:Oak
3126:IpĂŞ
3091:Elm
2996:Ash
2958:Yew
2923:Fir
793:Oak
748:Ash
721:fir
715:Fir
634:MDF
477:CNC
365:oak
307:or
264:as
204:in
5388::
3490:,
3486:,
3482:,
3478:,
3177:,
2903:,
2478:.
2453:.
2428:.
2404:.
2385:.
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