182:
249:β a major Russian university city β for the sake of better education and well-being of their five children. There, Konstantin Ivanovich obtained a respectable job and a large apartment, which he equipped with equipment and books for home experiments with his children. Yevgeny, in particular, was keen to electromagnetism.
42:
310:
in 1952. Zavoisky too tried to detect NMR in solids and liquids around 1940β1941. He had a sensitive enough detection system and managed to obtain the resonance signals. However, the strict requirement for the spatial homogeneity of the magnetic field were likely not met. The signals were unstable
283:. He also visited several laboratories in major Russian cities and found that the experimental techniques in this research field were undeveloped. He was particularly dissatisfied with poor detection sensitivity and spent much effort on improving it using better detectors and electronic circuitry.
383:
that resulted in an encircled swastika-like image projected onto the screen in front of a large audience. The demonstration crystals were soon confiscated and analyzed by a special commission, seeking relation between the experiment and Nazi
Germany, and only a series of letters from scientists
265:
to continue his studies and after returning to Kazan had worked in the laboratory of oscillations at Kazan
University. After defending his PhD in 1933, he became the laboratory head. His research directions included generation of ultrashort waves; study of their physical and chemical effects on
374:
Zavoisky was a popular teacher who focused on demonstrations rather than theories. He himself showed various cryogenic phenomena, such as hardening and shattering of matter upon freezing. One experiment nearly resulted in his arrest by the internal police. Zavoisky demonstrated
261:. By that time, he was already an experienced amateur engineer who had assembled his own radio receivers and had numerous ideas of new inventions and measurements. Zavoisky established himself as a talented student and researcher. He was sent to
256:
of 1917 brought difficult times. Konstantin
Ivanovich died in 1919 from exhaustion, and the family moved to a small rural town to survive the hunger period. They returned to Kazan in 1925. In 1926, Yevgeny entered the faculty of physics at
278:
Zavoisky started systematic studies on interaction of electromagnetic waves with matter in 1933. He formed a group of talented experimentalists and theorists of various background, which included Boris
Kozyrev, A. V. Nesmelov and later
322:(EPR), which is much less demanding for the homogeneity of magnetic field. On the other hand, it requires much more sensitive detection electronics, but Zavoisky was well prepared in this area. In particular he had replaced the
462:
In 1977, a year after his death, his discovery of EPR was acknowledged by the international EPR society, which also established the "Zavoisky Award". In 1984, Kazan
Physics Institute was named after Zavoisky.
1028:
334:
magnetic field to the main static magnetic field. This dramatically increased the detection sensitivity and allowed easy amplification of the resonance signal and outputting it directly to an
270:. The seed germination topic was a reflection of that difficult period when scientists were required to try helping the Russian economy, which was recovering from the years of wars.
988:
1003:
362:). The doubts were dispersed when Zavoisky visited Moscow, assembled an EPR spectrometer from scratch and reproduced his results there. In 1945, Zavoisky defended his
1023:
245:). His father Konstantin Ivanovich was a military doctor and mother Elizaveta Nikolaevna was trained as a teacher. In 1910, Zavoisky family moved to
998:
983:
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452:
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1038:
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832:
538:
319:
202:
113:
889:
57:
609:
1048:
699:"The History, Development and Impact of Computed Imaging in Neurological Diagnosis and Neurosurgery: CT, MRI, and DTI"
505:
Zavoisky, E. (1944). "Paramagnetic
Absorption in Perpendicular and Parallel Fields for Salts, Solutions and Metals".
409:
295:
206:
875:
444:
258:
380:
856:
307:
913:
355:
358:. The results were revolutionary and were first not accepted even by the Soviet scientists (including
978:
973:
742:
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303:
267:
214:
67:
401:
339:
331:
164:
412:. Upon return to IAE, he worked on detectors of ultrafast processes and in 1952 developed a novel
758:
351:
253:
221:
camera for detection of nuclear processes in 1952 and discovery of magneto-acoustic resonance in
938:
828:
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564:
558:
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528:
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706:
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436:
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156:
124:
928:
660:
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217:, but dismissed the results as not reproducible. Zavoisky is also credited with design of
746:
673:
424:
related phenomena and discovered magneto-acoustic resonance in plasma in the same year.
448:
427:
A serious illness took him away from science in 1972. Zavoisky died in 1976 in Moscow.
421:
393:
291:
71:
201:; September 28, 1907 β October 9, 1976) was a Soviet physicist known for discovery of
967:
762:
359:
326:(thermal) detection of C. J. Gorter by a much more sensitive electronic technique of
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312:
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128:
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refined the technique for use on liquids and solids, for which they shared the
893:
711:
698:
311:
and poorly reproducible and thus were discarded. The work was interrupted by
869:
682:
655:
416:
camera for detection of nuclear processes. Starting from 1958, he studied
338:. In 1944, EPR signals were detected in several salts, including hydrous
17:
560:
The harvest of a century: discoveries of modern physics in 100 episodes
470:
between 1958 and 1970, of which 33 were in
Physics and 2 in Chemistry.
396:, Zavoisky moved from Kazan to Moscow, to work in the institute of the
266:
matter, including the effect on seed germination; and investigation of
242:
958:
794:
767:
730:
89:
41:
286:
Zavoisky was much interested in the pioneering results obtained by
405:
246:
160:
914:
486:
Zavoisky, E. (1945). "Spin-magnetic resonance in paramagnetics".
294:
with electromagnetic waves in a static magnetic field, that is
451:. On 23 October 1953, he became an Associated Member of the
131:(1957), International EPR Society Prize (1977, posthumously)
859:, at the official site of the Russian Academy of Sciences
654:
I.I. Rabi; J.R. Zacharias; S. Millman; P. Kusch (1938).
366:
on the phenomenon of electron paramagnetic resonance.
404:(IAE). He was then moved to the classified location
1029:
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
656:"A New Method of Measuring Nuclear Magnetic Moment"
174:
152:
142:
120:
108:
100:
78:
48:
32:
318:Instead, starting from 1943, Zavoisky focused on
330:. A further improvement was addition of a small
237:, a town in the south of Russian Empire (now in
8:
989:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
793:Π.Π. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²; et al. (April 1977).
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
1004:Academic staff of Kazan Federal University
29:
796:ΠΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ²Π³Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
731:"On Academician E K Zavoisky's centenary"
710:
681:
466:Zavoisky received 35 nominations for the
563:. Oxford University Press. p. 298.
959:Memorial Laboratory of Yevgeny Zavoisky
934:The beginning of paramagnetic resonance
788:
786:
784:
724:
722:
478:
453:Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
398:Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
816:
814:
582:
580:
527:Gareth R. Eaton; et al. (1998).
7:
552:
550:
533:. World Scientific. pp. 45β46.
522:
520:
518:
516:
455:and on 26 June 1964 was elected as
298:(NMR). Eight years later, in 1946,
890:"The International Zavoisky Award"
25:
729:A.V. Kessenikh (September 2007).
611:ΠΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ²Π³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
1024:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
870:ΠΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ²Π³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
857:ΠΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ²Π³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
199:ΠΠ²Π³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ
191:Yevgeny Konstantinovich Zavoisky
180:
53:Yevgeny Konstantinovich Zavoisky
40:
999:Kazan Federal University alumni
984:20th-century Russian physicists
755:10.1070/PU2007v050n09ABEH006039
320:electron paramagnetic resonance
203:electron paramagnetic resonance
114:electron paramagnetic resonance
1014:Recipients of the Stalin Prize
392:In 1947, upon invitation from
1:
1019:Recipients of the Lenin Prize
994:People from Mohyliv-Podilskyi
233:Zavoisky was born in 1907 in
1044:Burials at Kuntsevo Cemetery
205:in 1944. He likely observed
27:Soviet physicist (1907β1976)
274:Work on resonance phenomena
60:September 15] 1907
1065:
1034:Russian nuclear physicists
1009:Heroes of Socialist Labour
827:. CRC Press. p. 162.
410:Soviet atomic bomb project
402:Institute of Atomic Energy
315:and had not been resumed.
296:nuclear magnetic resonance
290:in 1938 on interaction of
207:nuclear magnetic resonance
165:Institute of Atomic Energy
1039:Soviet nuclear physicists
876:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
821:Mario Bertolotti (2005).
530:Foundations of modern EPR
509:. Kazan State University.
435:Zavoisky was awarded the
198:
179:
170:
135:
39:
879:, 1969β1978 (in Russian)
824:The history of the laser
795:
712:10.1038/npre.2009.3267.4
610:
557:Siegmund Brandt (2008).
445:Hero of Socialist Labour
408:and participated in the
379:of polarized light in a
268:superregenerative effect
447:(1969), as well as two
400:which later became the
56:September 28 [
801:Soviet Physics Uspekhi
735:Soviet Physics Uspekhi
697:Filler, Aaron (2009).
683:10.1103/PhysRev.53.318
308:Nobel Prize in Physics
209:in 1941, well before
937:. World Scientific.
384:settled the matter.
304:Edward Mills Purcell
215:Edward Mills Purcell
68:Podolian Governorate
847:Kochelaev pp. 54β57
768:Russian pdf version
747:2007PhyU...50..977K
674:1938PhRv...53..318R
644:Kochelaev pp. 52β53
488:FizicheskiΔ Zhurnal
1049:Russian scientists
929:Boris I. Kochelaev
254:October Revolution
703:Nature Precedings
570:978-0-19-954469-1
431:Awards and honors
356:manganese sulfate
288:Isidor Isaac Rabi
235:Mohyliv-Podilskyi
188:
187:
137:Scientific career
64:Mohyliv-Podilskyi
16:(Redirected from
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892:. Archived from
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263:Saint Petersburg
259:Kazan University
239:Vinnytsia Oblast
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157:Kazan University
104:Kazan University
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44:
34:Yevgeny Zavoisky
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449:Orders of Lenin
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381:biaxial crystal
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340:copper chloride
292:molecular beams
281:Semen Altshuler
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101:Alma mater
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953:External links
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668:(4): 318β327.
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82:9 October 1976
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72:Russian Empire
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896:on 2011-07-17
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112:Discovery of
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47:
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933:
922:Bibliography
909:
898:. Retrieved
894:the original
884:
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804:
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738:
734:
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692:
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631:
620:. Retrieved
618:(in Russian)
616:Krugosvet.ru
615:
559:
529:
506:
500:
491:
487:
481:
465:
461:
439:(1949), the
437:Stalin Prize
434:
426:
414:luminescence
391:
377:interference
373:
364:habilitation
336:oscilloscope
328:grid current
324:calorimetric
317:
313:World War II
285:
277:
251:
232:
219:luminescence
190:
189:
153:Institutions
147:Spectroscopy
136:
125:Stalin Prize
94:Soviet Union
84:(1976-10-09)
979:1976 deaths
974:1907 births
468:Nobel Prize
457:Academician
443:(1957) and
441:Lenin Prize
300:Felix Bloch
229:Early years
211:Felix Bloch
129:Lenin Prize
968:Categories
900:2010-05-09
741:(9): 977.
622:2008-01-16
507:PhD Thesis
494:: 211β245.
474:References
406:Arzamas-16
388:Late years
161:Arzamas-16
763:118508362
225:in 1958.
175:Signature
931:(1995).
370:Teaching
127:(1949),
18:Zavoisky
873:in the
743:Bibcode
670:Bibcode
243:Ukraine
195:Russian
941:
831:
761:
567:
537:
418:plasma
223:plasma
143:Fields
121:Awards
116:(1944)
90:Moscow
759:S2CID
342:(CuCl
247:Kazan
939:ISBN
829:ISBN
565:ISBN
535:ISBN
420:and
354:and
350:O),
302:and
252:The
213:and
79:Died
58:O.S.
49:Born
805:121
751:doi
707:doi
678:doi
346:Β·2H
970::
813:^
799:.
783:^
757:.
749:.
739:50
737:.
733:.
721:^
705:.
701:.
676:.
666:53
664:.
658:.
614:.
591:^
579:^
549:^
515:^
490:.
459:.
332:AC
241:,
197::
163:,
159:,
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947:.
903:.
837:.
765:.
753::
745::
715:.
709::
686:.
680::
672::
625:.
573:.
543:.
492:9
348:2
344:2
193:(
20:)
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