666:
464:
do not have clearly observable or diagnostic symptoms and sometimes the syndrome will go undetected because patients will fabricate identities when visiting the hospital several times. Factitious disorder has several complications, as these people will go to great lengths to fake their illness. Severe health problems, serious injuries, loss of limbs or organs, and even death are possible complications.
587:
given the seriousness of the disease; that its use of the anglicized spelling "Munchausen" showed poor form; that the name linked the disease with the real-life MĂĽnchhausen, who did not have it; and that the name's connection to works of humor and fantasy, and to the essentially ridiculous character of the fictional Baron
Munchausen, was disrespectful to patients with the disorder.
221:
illnesses). Psychiatrists and psychologists use thorough history, physical examinations, laboratory tests, imagery, and psychological testing to evaluate a person for physical and mental conditions. Once the person's history has been thoroughly evaluated, diagnosing factitious disorder imposed on self requires a clinical assessment.
192:, and low self-esteem. While there are no reliable statistics regarding the number of people in the United States who have factitious disorder, FD is believed to be most common in mothers having the above risk factors. Those with a history of working in healthcare are also at greater risk of developing it.
586:
Asher's nomenclature sparked some controversy, with medical authorities debating the appropriateness of the name for about fifty years. While Asher was praised for bringing cases of factitious disorder to light, participants in the debate objected variously that a literary allusion was inappropriate
472:
Because there is uncertainty in treating suspected factitious disorder imposed on self, some advocate that health care providers first explicitly rule out the possibility that the person has another early-stage disease. Then they may take a careful history and seek medical records to look for early
463:
People may fake their symptoms in multiple ways. Other than making up past medical histories and faking illnesses, people might inflict harm on themselves by consuming laxatives or other substances, self-inflicting injury to induce bleeding, and altering laboratory samples. Many of these conditions
620:
A person may attempt to gain sympathy from a group whose sole reason for existence is to support others. Some have speculated that health care professionals, with their limited time, greater medical knowledge, and tendency to be more skeptical in their diagnoses, may be less likely to provide that
642:
Other perpetrators react by issuing general accusations of dishonesty to everyone, following the exposure of such fabrications. The support groups themselves often bar discussion about the fraudulent perpetrator, in order to avoid further argument and negativity. Many forums do not recover, often
612:
Munchausen by
Internet is a term describing the pattern of behavior in factitious disorder imposed on self, wherein those affected feign illnesses in online venues. It has been described in medical literature as a manifestation of factitious disorder imposed on self. Reports of users who deceive
206:
has been documented in the parent or guardian of a child or the owner of a pet animal. The adult ensures that their child will experience some medical condition, therefore compelling the child to suffer through treatments and spend a significant portion during youth in hospitals. Furthermore, a
572:
Here is described a common syndrome which most doctors have seen, but about which little has been written. Like the famous Baron von
Munchausen, the persons affected have always travelled widely; and their stories, like those attributed to him, are both dramatic and untruthful. Accordingly the
220:
Due to the behaviors involved, diagnosing factitious disorder is very difficult. If the healthcare provider finds no physical reason for the symptoms, they may refer the person to a psychiatrist or psychologist (mental health professionals who are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental
135:
of another person, most often of a child and occasionally of another adult such as of a partner, in order to seek attention or sympathy for the abuser. This is considered "Munchausen by proxy", and the drive to create symptoms for the victim can result in unnecessary and costly diagnostic or
459:
There are several criteria that together may point to factitious disorder, including frequent hospitalizations, knowledge of several illnesses, frequently requesting medication such as pain killers, openness to extensive surgery, few or no visitors during hospitalizations, and exaggerated or
187:
The exact cause of factitious disorder is not known, but researchers believe both biological and psychological factors play a role in the development of this disorder. Risk factors for developing factitious disorder may include childhood traumas, growing up with parents/caretakers who were
613:
Internet forum participants by portraying themselves as gravely ill or as victims of violence first appeared in the 1990s due to the relative newness of
Internet communications. The specific internet pattern was named "MĂĽnchausen by Internet" in 1998 by psychiatrist Marc Feldman.
536:, a literary character loosely based on the German nobleman Hieronymus Karl Friedrich, Freiherr von Münchhausen (1720–1797). The historical baron became a well-known storyteller in the late 18th century for entertaining dinner guests with tales about his adventures during the
544:
anonymously published a book in which a heavily fictionalized version of "Baron
Munchausen" tells many fantastic and impossible stories about himself. Raspe's Munchausen became a sensation, establishing a literary exemplar of a bombastic liar or exaggerator.
2011:
1996:
224:
Clinicians should be aware that those presenting with symptoms (or persons reporting for that person) may exaggerate, and caution should be taken to ensure there is evidence for a diagnosis. Lab tests may be required, including complete
1559:
See also Danet, B., Ruedenberg, L., & Rosenbaum-Tamari, Y. (1998). " 'Hmmm ... Where's that smoke coming from?' Writing, Play and
Performance on Internet Relay Chat. In F. Sudweeks, M. McLaughlin, & S. Rafaeli (Eds.),
631:
When discovered, forum members are frequently banned from some online forums. Because no money is exchanged and laws are rarely broken, there is little legal recourse to take upon discovery of someone faking illness.
628:, Steve Jones speculated that the anonymity of the Internet impedes people's abilities to realize when someone is lying. Online interaction has only been possible since the 1980s, steadily growing over the years.
164:. In some extreme cases, people with Munchausen syndrome are highly knowledgeable about the practice of medicine and are able to produce symptoms that result in lengthy and costly medical analysis, prolonged
257:
may also be employed. A summary of more common and reported cases of factitious disorder (Munchausen syndrome), and the laboratory tests used to differentiate these from physical disease is provided below:
211:
community that this disorder should be renamed "medical abuse" to highlight the harm caused by the deception and to make it less likely that the sufferer can use a psychiatric defense when harm is done.
1146:
Elder W, Coletsos IC, Bursztajn HJ. Factitious
Disorder/Munchhausen Syndrome. The 5-Minute Clinical Consult. 18th Edition. 2010. Editor. Domino, F.J. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott. Philadelphia.
635:
Such dramatic situations can polarize online communities. Members may feel ashamed for believing elaborate lies, while others remain staunch supporters. Feldman admits that an element of
2575:
116:
to themselves. Munchausen syndrome fits within the subclass of factitious disorder with predominantly physical signs and symptoms, but patients also have a history of recurrent
556:, wherein individuals fabricated histories, signs, and symptoms of illness. Remembering Baron Munchausen, Asher named this condition Munchausen's Syndrome in his article in
207:
disease may actually be initiated in the child by the parent or guardian. This condition is considered distinct from
Munchausen syndrome. There is growing consensus in the
184:
in that people with factitious disorder imposed on self do not fabricate symptoms for material gain such as financial compensation, absence from work, or access to drugs.
3496:
1854:
896:
Vaglio JC, Schoenhard JA, Saavedra PJ, Williams SR, Raj SR (2010). "Arrhythmogenic
Munchausen syndrome culminating in caffeine-induced ventricular tachycardia".
537:
120:, travelling, and dramatic, extremely improbable tales of their past experiences. The term Munchausen syndrome derives its name from the fictional character
1668:
1453:
3376:
3047:
3003:
2106:
172:. The role of patient is a familiar and comforting one, and it fills a psychological need in people with this syndrome. This disorder is distinct from
1408:
2862:
2479:
2292:
2272:
488:
Healthcare providers may consider working with mental health specialists to help treat the underlying mood or other disorder as well as to avoid
3508:
2598:
595:
203:
128:
3559:
1940:
1871:
1838:
1739:
1689:
1192:
1165:
831:
749:
720:
188:
emotionally unavailable due to illness or emotional problems, a serious illness as a child, failed aspirations to work in the medical field,
3059:
3477:
2309:
2284:
2119:
2813:
3095:
2915:
679:
508:
depends upon the category under which the underlying disorder falls; depression and anxiety, for example, generally respond well to
1448:
156:
in themselves to gain examination, treatment, attention, sympathy or comfort from medical personnel. It often involves elements of
3523:
3187:
2424:
2395:
2336:
1531:
Joinson Adam, Dietz-Uhler Beth (2002). "Explanations for the
Perpetration of and Reactions to Deception in a Virtual Community".
823:
2429:
2224:
2149:
517:
501:
3369:
2867:
2838:
2099:
1533:
1210:"Baron Munchhausen and the Syndrome Which Bears His Name: History of an Endearing Personage and of a Strange Mental Disorder"
2608:
650:
established a forum dedicated to investigating cases of members of online communities dying—sometimes while online. In 2007
598:" have been replaced with "factitious disorder imposed on self" and "factitious disorder imposed on another" respectively.
3554:
3453:
2326:
2302:
3549:
3271:
2808:
2341:
2186:
898:
513:
453:
Imaging to rule out insertion of a foreign body, monitor sample collection, analysis of red blood cell shape in samples
180:
in that those with the latter do not intentionally produce their somatic symptoms. Factitious disorder is distinct from
3329:
1749:
Fisher JA (2006). "Playing patient, playing doctor: Munchausen syndrome, clinical S/M, and ruptures of medical power".
3469:
2516:
2314:
849:
779:
3421:
1731:
Playing sick?: untangling the web of Munchausen syndrome, Munchausen by proxy, malingering & factitious disorder
1503:
3445:
3404:
3266:
2181:
741:
246:
3564:
3461:
3362:
3276:
3245:
2623:
2506:
2092:
1665:
1209:
3437:
2400:
3324:
3240:
3235:
2932:
2895:
2887:
2705:
2674:
2415:
2026:
3518:
3261:
2768:
2618:
2613:
2570:
2387:
1405:
1370:
Feldman MD (July 2000). "Munchausen by Internet: detecting factitious illness and crisis on the Internet".
3513:
3139:
2778:
2669:
2628:
2603:
2511:
409:
250:
3334:
3067:
2947:
2854:
2833:
1062:"Munchausen syndrome and factitious disorder: the role of the laboratory in its detection and diagnosis"
1021:"Munchausen syndrome and factitious disorder: the role of the laboratory in its detection and diagnosis"
907:
689:
952:"Beyond Munchausen syndrome by proxy: identification and treatment of child abuse in a medical setting"
320:
3528:
3159:
3072:
2828:
2648:
2249:
2229:
591:
521:
482:
189:
177:
101:
1710:
Swains, Howard (March 5, 2007). "Fake deaths thriving: Online tragedy can be greatly exaggerated",
3209:
3191:
3154:
3144:
2998:
2900:
2877:
2725:
2717:
2496:
2474:
2202:
2015:
858:
489:
254:
196:
85:
3399:
3082:
2872:
2469:
2321:
1906:
1848:
1811:
1786:
Fisher JA (2006). "Investigating the Barons: narrative and nomenclature in Munchausen syndrome".
1774:
1345:
1320:
Fisher JA (2006). "Investigating the Barons: Narrative and nomenclature in Munchausen syndrome".
1302:
1294:
1103:
Medical Choices, medical chances: How patients, families and physicians can cope with uncertainty
541:
392:
365:
Measure fractional sodium excretion to differentiate intentional salt overload from dehydration.
3118:
2643:
2633:
2565:
2491:
2375:
2037:
1936:
1898:
1867:
1834:
1803:
1766:
1735:
1697:
1634:
1591:
1515:
1470:
1387:
1337:
1259:
1224:
1188:
1182:
1161:
1129:
1083:
1042:
973:
919:
878:
870:
827:
800:
745:
716:
710:
671:
396:
161:
105:
60:
3385:
2988:
2942:
2910:
2758:
2736:
2701:
2464:
2346:
2297:
2244:
2219:
2214:
2171:
2159:
1890:
1830:
1824:
1795:
1758:
1624:
1583:
1542:
1462:
1379:
1329:
1286:
1251:
1073:
1032:
963:
911:
862:
792:
533:
524:, is presumed to be pervasive and more stable over time, and thus offers a worse prognosis.
497:
341:
Blood tests for thyroglobulin to differentiate endogenous versus exogenous thyroid hormone.
275:
121:
1973:
3164:
3122:
2993:
2980:
2927:
2922:
2905:
2785:
2580:
2552:
2353:
2176:
2115:
1951:
1672:
1574:
Caspi Avner, Gorsky Paul (2006). "Online Deception: Prevalence, Motivation, and Emotion".
1434:
1412:
1000:"Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology"
684:
474:
416:
173:
3214:
1466:
492:. Therapeutic and medical treatment may center on the underlying psychiatric disorder: a
354:
Simultaneous blood analysis of insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, and insulin secretagogues
1478:
999:
767:
American Psychological Association. Mercia D. Sigal et al. 1986. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
617:
called Munchausen by Internet "cybermunch", and those who posed online "cybermunchers".
3429:
3149:
3090:
3014:
2823:
2790:
2773:
2763:
2020:
1922:
1894:
1615:
915:
866:
478:
157:
132:
117:
1925:(2013). " Math error number 1: multiplying non-independent probabilities. The case of
1255:
796:
17:
3543:
3183:
3134:
2452:
1930:
1918:
1729:
1507:
1383:
1306:
777:
Huffman JC, Stern TA (2003). "The diagnosis and treatment of Munchausen's syndrome".
636:
607:
549:
493:
420:
346:
302:
234:
2084:
1815:
1778:
1349:
3037:
2818:
2370:
2066:
333:
195:
Arrhythmogenic Munchausen syndrome describes individuals who simulate or stimulate
2031:
1910:
1160:(3rd Canadian ed.). Mississauga: John Wiley & Sons Canada. p. 412.
847:
Repper J (February 1995). "MĂĽnchausen syndrome by proxy in health care workers".
3022:
2753:
2484:
2234:
2072:
2069:
1926:
1629:
1610:
764:
647:
428:
309:
226:
181:
145:
113:
33:
1500:
665:
3339:
3032:
2937:
2638:
2363:
2358:
2154:
2042:
2005:
1762:
1546:
661:
558:
509:
445:
386:
230:
69:
65:
1117:
1078:
1061:
1037:
1020:
874:
3292:
3224:
3042:
2501:
2239:
2164:
2061:
937:
553:
505:
208:
1807:
1770:
1638:
1595:
1391:
1341:
1263:
1228:
1133:
1087:
1046:
977:
968:
951:
938:'Battered pets': Munchausen syndrome by proxy (factitious illness by proxy)
923:
804:
1902:
1799:
1587:
1474:
1333:
1290:
882:
654:
forum reported that, of the deaths reported to them, about 10% were real.
3027:
2697:
2664:
2590:
1004:
820:
Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (2 Volume Set)
788:
165:
109:
1298:
1651:
Kruse, Michael (February 28, 2010). "Death and Betrayal in Chat Room",
434:
242:
238:
169:
153:
149:
93:
89:
32:
For cases of feigned illness not driven by a psychiatric disorder, see
1988:
2745:
2560:
2000:
1690:"Cybersickness: Munchausen by Internet Breeds a Generation of Fakers"
573:
syndrome is respectfully dedicated to the Baron, and named after him.
450:
Blood introduction to urine samples, deliberate trauma to the urethra
97:
1881:
Prasad A, Oswald AG (1985). "Munchausen's syndrome: an annotation".
765:
Munchausen syndrome by adult proxy: a perpetrator abusing two adults
3354:
1611:"Legal Issues Surrounding the Exposure of 'Munchausen by Internet'"
2523:
3358:
3313:
3181:
3116:
2968:
2695:
2540:
2450:
2270:
2131:
2088:
1932:
Math on trial. How numbers get used and abused in the courtroom
1866:. Mississauga: John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. p. 412.
292:
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of urine
639:
may be evident in some of the more egregious abuses of trust.
564:
1122:
The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
144:
In factitious disorder imposed on self, the affected person
1501:
Computer-Mediated Communication and Community: Introduction
1974:
Article in Discover magazine, July 1993, by Abigail Zuger
594:. Now, however, in the DSM-5, "Munchausen syndrome" and "
328:
HPLC to differentiate endogenous and exogenous steroids
1156:
Davison GC, Blankstein KR, Flett GL, Neale JM (2008).
1118:"Suspected Munchausen's syndrome and civil commitment"
1101:
Bursztajn H, Feinbloom RI, Hamm RM, Brodsky A (1981).
1978:
1954:. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
460:fabricated stories about several medical problems.
3488:
3413:
3392:
3285:
3254:
3223:
3202:
3081:
3058:
3012:
2979:
2886:
2853:
2801:
2744:
2735:
2716:
2657:
2589:
2551:
2411:
2386:
2283:
2195:
2142:
2052:
1982:
1562:
Network and Netplay: Virtual Groups on the Internet
59:
51:
46:
1449:"Patient Pretenders Weave Tangled "Web" of Deceit"
127:Factitious disorder imposed on self is related to
3497:The Extraordinary Adventures of Baron Munchausen
562:in February 1951, quoted in his obituary in the
415:HPLC measurement of serum or urine for elevated
570:
818:Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, eds. (15 January 2000).
3370:
2100:
646:In 2004, members of the blog hosting service
540:. In 1785, German-born writer and con artist
391:Urine analysis to screen for laxatives using
315:Adjunct analysis of increased Chromogranin A
8:
1853:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1060:Kinns H, Housley D, Freedman DB (May 2013).
1019:Kinns H, Housley D, Freedman DB (May 2013).
822:(7th ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
532:The name "Munchausen syndrome" derives from
1826:Borderline Personality Disorder Demystified
1454:Journal of the American Medical Association
3377:
3363:
3355:
3310:
3199:
3178:
3113:
3004:Other specified feeding or eating disorder
2976:
2965:
2741:
2713:
2692:
2548:
2537:
2447:
2280:
2267:
2139:
2128:
2107:
2093:
2085:
1979:
1864:Abnormal Psychology - 3rd Canadian Edition
1526:
1524:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1277:Atthili L (1873). "Reports of Societies".
351:Exogenous insulin or insulin secretagogues
43:
1628:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1242:Asher R (1951). "Munchausen's Syndrome".
1077:
1036:
967:
3267:Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia
2863:Depersonalization-derealization disorder
1823:Friedel, Robert O., MD (4 August 2004).
1683:
1681:
1675:, Wired.com. Retrieved on July 28, 2009.
1437:, Wired.com. Retrieved on July 28, 2009.
260:
88:in which those affected feign or induce
1184:Child Abuse and Neglect: Second Edition
701:
590:Originally, this term was used for all
552:was the first to describe a pattern of
440:Urine protein electrophoresis analysis
241:function, or DNA typing. In some cases
1846:
1564:(pp. 41-76). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
481:. If a person is at risk to themself,
338:Surreptitious thyroxine administration
204:factitious disorder imposed on another
129:factitious disorder imposed on another
993:
991:
989:
987:
408:Although many alternatives possible,
7:
1609:Feldman Marc, Peychers M.E. (2007).
1467:10.1001/jama.280.15.1297-JMN1021-3-1
1322:Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
715:. SAGE Publications. p. PT794.
433:Egg protein injection into bladder,
325:Surreptitious steroid administration
2970:Physiological and physical behavior
1734:. Philadelphia: Brunner-Routledge.
936:HM Munro and MV Thrusfield (2001):
437:(protein) addition to urine samples
270:Laboratory/Diagnostic Confirmation
78:Factitious disorder imposed on self
47:Factitious disorder imposed on self
3478:The Adventures of Baron Munchausen
2916:Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
2310:Emotional and behavioral disorders
1950:Staff, Mayo Clinic (13 May 2011).
1895:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02615.x
1862:Davidson, G., et al. (2008).
916:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2010.08.006
867:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1995.tb02526.x
25:
3096:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
1751:The Journal of Medical Humanities
1666:"Q&A: Munchausen by Internet"
1664:Swains, Howard (March 25, 2009).
1404:Todd, Belinda (October 21, 2002).
1187:. Psychology Press. p. 210.
824:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
680:List of Munchausen by proxy cases
282:Surreptitious intake of diuretics
2396:X-linked intellectual disability
1447:Stephenson J (21 October 1998).
1435:"They Think They Feel Your Pain"
1384:10.1097/00007611-200093070-00006
1116:Johnson BR, Harrison JA (2000).
1105:. New York: Delacourte/Lawrence.
664:
237:, coagulation tests, assays for
2225:Intermittent explosive disorder
2150:Ego-dystonic sexual orientation
1518:. Retrieved on August 16, 2009.
1066:Annals of Clinical Biochemistry
1025:Annals of Clinical Biochemistry
998:Brannon GE (11 November 2015).
518:borderline personality disorder
502:borderline personality disorder
362:Intake large quantities of salt
27:Psychiatric factitious disorder
2868:Dissociative identity disorder
2133:Adult personality and behavior
1883:Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
1576:CyberPsychology & Behavior
1534:Social Science Computer Review
643:splintering or shutting down.
581:, R.A.J. Asher, M.D., F.R.C.P.
1:
3454:The Fabulous Baron Munchausen
1433:Shreve, Jenn (June 6, 2001).
1419:. Retrieved on July 29, 2009.
1417:New Zealand PC World Magazine
1256:10.1016/S0140-6736(51)92313-6
797:10.1016/S0163-8343(03)00061-6
787:(5). Amsterdam, Netherlands:
615:New Zealand PC World Magazine
3560:Psychopathological syndromes
3509:Munchausen syndrome by proxy
3272:Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia
2809:Generalized anxiety disorder
2542:Neurological and symptomatic
2187:Sexual relationship disorder
1929:: motherhood under attack".
899:Journal of Electrocardiology
514:cognitive behavioral therapy
3470:The Secret of the Selenites
3048:REM sleep behavior disorder
2517:Seasonal affective disorder
2315:Separation anxiety disorder
1829:. Hachette Books. pp.
1630:10.1176/appi.psy.48.5.451-a
850:Journal of Advanced Nursing
780:General Hospital Psychiatry
742:John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
624:In an article published in
483:psychiatric hospitalization
199:to gain medical attention.
3581:
3315:Symptoms and uncategorized
2416:developmental disabilities
2182:Sexual maturation disorder
1510:: Introductory chapter to
1181:McCoy ML, Keen SM (2013).
857:(2). Hoboken, New Jersey:
605:
375:Watered down stool samples
312:into urine or blood stream
247:magnetic resonance imaging
233:, drug levels from blood,
202:A related behavior called
31:
3462:The Very Same Munchhausen
3320:
3309:
3277:Simple-type schizophrenia
3246:Schizophreniform disorder
3198:
3177:
3130:
3112:
2975:
2964:
2712:
2691:
2624:Mild cognitive impairment
2609:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
2547:
2536:
2507:Major depressive disorder
2460:
2446:
2412:Psychological development
2279:
2266:
2138:
2127:
1763:10.1007/s10912-006-9014-9
1547:10.1177/08939302020003005
269:
266:
263:
249:, psychological testing,
3422:Baron Munchausen's Dream
3325:Impulse-control disorder
3241:Schizoaffective disorder
3236:Brief reactive psychosis
2933:Mass psychogenic illness
2896:Body dysmorphic disorder
2675:Post-concussion syndrome
2285:Emotional and behavioral
1688:Russo F (26 June 2001).
1653:The St. Petersburg Times
1079:10.1177/0004563212473280
1038:10.1177/0004563212473280
738:Essentials of psychiatry
736:Kay J, Tasman A (2006).
3405:Gottfried August BĂĽrger
3262:Childhood schizophrenia
2614:Frontotemporal dementia
2571:High-functioning autism
2388:Intellectual disability
740:. Hoboken, New Jersey:
579:British Medical Journal
565:British Medical Journal
295:Urine chloride analysis
168:stays, and unnecessary
136:corrective procedures.
3514:Munchausen by Internet
2779:Specific social phobia
2670:Organic brain syndrome
2512:Melancholic depression
2273:Childhood and learning
1728:Feldman, Marc (2004).
969:10.1542/peds.2007-0563
906:(2). London, England:
602:Munchausen by Internet
584:
251:electroencephalography
131:, which refers to the
18:MĂĽnchausen by Internet
3335:Psychomotor agitation
3125:and substance-related
3068:Postpartum depression
2948:Somatization disorder
2834:Acute stress reaction
2599:AIDS dementia complex
1952:"Munchausen syndrome"
1800:10.1353/pbm.2006.0024
1588:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.54
1334:10.1353/pbm.2006.0024
1291:10.1136/bmj.2.665.388
908:Churchill Livingstone
690:Psychosomatic illness
522:personality disorders
285:Self-induced vomiting
190:personality disorders
3555:Factitious disorders
3519:MĂĽnchhausen trilemma
3330:Klüver–Bucy syndrome
3160:Substance dependence
3073:Postpartum psychosis
2619:Huntington's disease
2401:Lujan–Fryns syndrome
2250:Personality disorder
1208:Olry R (June 2002).
592:factitious disorders
267:Method of Imitation
178:somatoform disorders
102:psychological trauma
3550:Forensic psychology
3504:Munchausen syndrome
3210:Delusional disorder
3155:Stimulant psychosis
3145:Physical dependence
2999:Rumination syndrome
2901:Conversion disorder
2878:Psychogenic amnesia
2728:with depressed mood
2726:Adjustment disorder
2629:Parkinson's disease
2604:Alzheimer's disease
2497:Atypical depression
2333:Social functioning
2208:Munchausen syndrome
2203:Factitious disorder
1788:Perspect. Biol. Med
1700:on 1 December 2008.
1481:on 15 December 2004
1158:Abnormal Psychology
950:Stirling J (2007).
859:John Wiley and Sons
712:Abnormal Psychology
596:Munchausen by proxy
490:countertransference
255:electrocardiography
197:cardiac arrhythmias
86:factitious disorder
82:Munchausen syndrome
55:Munchausen syndrome
3400:Rudolf Erich Raspe
3229:schizophrenia-like
2873:Dissociative fugue
2322:Movement disorders
2053:External resources
1714:(Montreal), p. D1.
1671:2010-01-10 at the
1411:2011-07-17 at the
542:Rudolf Erich Raspe
485:may be initiated.
393:gas chromatography
321:Cushing's syndrome
140:Signs and symptoms
3537:
3536:
3529:14014 MĂĽnchhausen
3524:Munchausen number
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3173:
3172:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2849:
2848:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2644:Vascular dementia
2566:Asperger syndrome
2532:
2531:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2376:Tourette syndrome
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2082:
2081:
1942:978-0-465-03292-1
1873:978-0-470-84072-6
1840:978-1-56924-456-2
1741:978-0-415-94934-7
1694:The Village Voice
1655:(Florida), p. 1A.
1516:SAGE Publications
1194:978-1-136-32287-7
1167:978-0-470-84072-6
1072:(Pt 3): 194–203.
1031:(Pt 3): 194–203.
833:978-0-683-30128-1
751:978-0-470-01854-5
722:978-1-5063-3337-3
672:Psychiatry portal
538:Russo-Turkish War
457:
456:
397:mass spectrometry
370:Chronic diarrhea
264:Disease Mimicked
162:attention seeking
75:
74:
41:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3572:
3565:Baron Munchausen
3386:Baron Munchausen
3379:
3372:
3365:
3356:
3311:
3200:
3179:
3114:
2989:Anorexia nervosa
2977:
2966:
2943:Psychogenic pain
2911:Globus pharyngis
2759:Childhood phobia
2742:
2714:
2693:
2549:
2538:
2448:
2347:Selective mutism
2298:Conduct disorder
2281:
2268:
2245:Trichotillomania
2220:Gender dysphoria
2215:Fear of intimacy
2172:Sexual anhedonia
2140:
2129:
2116:Mental disorders
2109:
2102:
2095:
2086:
1980:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1946:
1914:
1877:
1858:
1852:
1844:
1819:
1782:
1745:
1715:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1696:. Archived from
1685:
1676:
1662:
1656:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1632:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1571:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1528:
1519:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1477:. Archived from
1444:
1438:
1431:
1420:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1367:
1354:
1353:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1250:(6650): 339–41.
1239:
1233:
1232:
1214:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1081:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1040:
1016:
1010:
1009:
995:
982:
981:
971:
947:
941:
934:
928:
927:
893:
887:
886:
844:
838:
837:
826:. p. 3172.
815:
809:
808:
774:
768:
762:
756:
755:
733:
727:
726:
706:
674:
669:
668:
582:
534:Baron Munchausen
504:. The patient's
498:anxiety disorder
423:and ipecacuanha
405:Induced vomiting
359:Sodium imbalance
305:-secreting tumor
276:Bartter syndrome
261:
122:Baron Munchausen
80:, also known as
44:
21:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3484:
3409:
3388:
3383:
3353:
3344:
3316:
3297:
3281:
3250:
3228:
3219:
3194:
3169:
3126:
3123:substance abuse
3100:
3077:
3054:
3008:
2994:Bulimia nervosa
2971:
2952:
2928:Hypochondriasis
2923:False pregnancy
2906:Ganser syndrome
2888:Somatic symptom
2882:
2845:
2797:
2786:Specific phobia
2731:
2708:
2679:
2653:
2585:
2581:Savant syndrome
2553:Autism spectrum
2543:
2528:
2456:
2434:
2413:
2407:
2382:
2275:
2254:
2230:Dermatillomania
2191:
2177:Sexual anorexia
2134:
2123:
2113:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2048:
2047:
1991:
1970:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1935:. Basic Books.
1917:
1880:
1874:
1861:
1845:
1841:
1822:
1785:
1748:
1742:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1709:
1705:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1673:Wayback Machine
1663:
1659:
1650:
1646:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1554:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1413:Wayback Machine
1403:
1399:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1018:
1017:
1013:
997:
996:
985:
949:
948:
944:
940:. PMID 11518417
935:
931:
895:
894:
890:
846:
845:
841:
834:
817:
816:
812:
776:
775:
771:
763:
759:
752:
735:
734:
730:
723:
709:Ray WJ (2016).
708:
707:
703:
698:
685:Hypochondriasis
670:
663:
660:
652:The LiveJournal
610:
604:
583:
577:
530:
475:childhood abuse
470:
417:creatine kinase
218:
174:hypochondriasis
142:
118:hospitalization
42:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3578:
3576:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3542:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3430:Meet the Baron
3426:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3359:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3204:
3196:
3195:
3182:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3150:Rebound effect
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3117:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3091:Hypersexuality
3087:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2826:
2824:Panic disorder
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2791:Claustrophobia
2783:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2774:Anthropophobia
2766:
2764:Social anxiety
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2722:
2720:
2710:
2709:
2696:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2634:Pick's disease
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2451:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2125:
2124:
2120:Classification
2114:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2034:
2023:
2008:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:Classification
1977:
1976:
1969:
1968:External links
1966:
1965:
1964:
1947:
1941:
1923:Coralie Colmez
1915:
1878:
1872:
1859:
1839:
1820:
1783:
1746:
1740:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1703:
1677:
1657:
1644:
1623:(5): 451–452.
1616:Psychosomatics
1601:
1566:
1552:
1541:(3): 275–289.
1520:
1506:1999-08-24 at
1492:
1439:
1421:
1397:
1355:
1312:
1269:
1234:
1200:
1193:
1173:
1166:
1148:
1139:
1108:
1093:
1052:
1011:
983:
962:(5): 1026–30.
942:
929:
888:
839:
832:
810:
769:
757:
750:
728:
721:
700:
699:
697:
694:
693:
692:
687:
682:
676:
675:
659:
656:
606:Main article:
603:
600:
575:
529:
526:
479:mental illness
469:
466:
455:
454:
451:
448:
442:
441:
438:
431:
425:
424:
413:
406:
402:
401:
400:
399:
389:
385:Measure fecal
381:
380:
379:
378:Laxative abuse
376:
371:
367:
366:
363:
360:
356:
355:
352:
349:
343:
342:
339:
336:
330:
329:
326:
323:
317:
316:
313:
306:
299:
298:
297:
296:
293:
288:
287:
286:
283:
278:
272:
271:
268:
265:
217:
214:
158:victim playing
141:
138:
106:draw attention
73:
72:
63:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3577:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3312:
3308:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:Schizophrenia
3253:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3184:Schizophrenia
3180:
3176:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3135:Drug overdose
3133:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3083:Sexual desire
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2963:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2769:Social phobia
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2704:-related and
2703:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2410:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1919:Leila Schneps
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1889:(4): 319–22.
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1794:(2): 250–62.
1793:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1757:(3): 135–49.
1756:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1508:archive.today
1505:
1502:
1499:Jones, Steve
1496:
1493:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1378:(7): 669–72.
1377:
1373:
1372:South. Med. J
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1328:(2): 250–62.
1327:
1323:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1001:
994:
992:
990:
988:
984:
979:
975:
970:
965:
961:
957:
953:
946:
943:
939:
933:
930:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:
892:
889:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:
843:
840:
835:
829:
825:
821:
814:
811:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
781:
773:
770:
766:
761:
758:
753:
747:
744:p. 680.
743:
739:
732:
729:
724:
718:
714:
713:
705:
702:
695:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
677:
673:
667:
662:
657:
655:
653:
649:
644:
640:
638:
633:
629:
627:
622:
618:
616:
609:
608:Auto-trolling
601:
599:
597:
593:
588:
580:
574:
569:
567:
566:
561:
560:
555:
551:
550:Richard Asher
546:
543:
539:
535:
527:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:mood disorder
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
473:deprivation,
467:
465:
461:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
439:
436:
432:
430:
427:
426:
422:
421:transaminases
418:
414:
411:
407:
404:
403:
398:
394:
390:
388:
384:
383:
382:
377:
374:
373:
372:
369:
368:
364:
361:
358:
357:
353:
350:
348:
347:Hypoglycaemia
345:
344:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
314:
311:
308:Injection of
307:
304:
303:Catecholamine
301:
300:
294:
291:
290:
289:
284:
281:
280:
279:
277:
274:
273:
262:
259:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:(CBC), urine
228:
222:
215:
213:
210:
205:
200:
198:
193:
191:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
139:
137:
134:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
71:
67:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
39:
35:
30:
19:
3503:
3495:
3476:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3438:Baron Prášil
3436:
3428:
3420:
3215:Folie Ă deux
3140:Intoxication
3121:substances,
3119:Psychoactive
3038:Night terror
2855:Dissociative
2819:Panic attack
2371:Tic disorder
2207:
2060:
2036:
2025:
2010:
1995:
1956:. Retrieved
1931:
1886:
1882:
1863:
1825:
1791:
1787:
1754:
1750:
1730:
1722:Bibliography
1711:
1706:
1698:the original
1693:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1620:
1614:
1604:
1582:(1): 54–59.
1579:
1575:
1569:
1561:
1555:
1538:
1532:
1512:CyberSociety
1511:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1479:the original
1461:(15): 1297.
1458:
1452:
1442:
1416:
1400:
1375:
1371:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1285:(665): 388.
1282:
1278:
1272:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1220:
1216:
1203:
1183:
1176:
1157:
1151:
1142:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1102:
1096:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1003:
959:
955:
945:
932:
903:
897:
891:
854:
848:
842:
819:
813:
784:
778:
772:
760:
737:
731:
711:
704:
651:
645:
641:
634:
630:
626:The Guardian
625:
623:
619:
614:
611:
589:
585:
578:
571:
563:
557:
547:
531:
487:
471:
462:
458:
334:Hyperthyroid
223:
219:
201:
194:
186:
143:
126:
100:, abuse, or
81:
77:
76:
38:
29:
3446:MĂĽnchhausen
3188:schizotypal
3023:Hypersomnia
3013:Nonorganic
2754:Agoraphobia
2485:Cyclothymia
2480:Bipolar NOS
2455:(affective)
2327:Stereotypic
2235:Kleptomania
1927:Sally Clark
1712:The Gazette
1406:"Faking It"
1223:(1): 53–7.
1128:(1): 74–6.
861:: 299–304.
648:LiveJournal
520:, like all
429:Proteinuria
410:ipecacuanha
310:epinephrine
227:blood count
182:malingering
148:or creates
146:exaggerates
114:reassurance
52:Other names
34:Malingering
3544:Categories
3340:Stereotypy
3203:Delusional
3192:delusional
3165:Withdrawal
3033:Parasomnia
2938:Nosophobia
2718:Adjustment
2706:somatoform
2639:Sundowning
2492:Depression
2475:Bipolar II
2364:Stuttering
2359:Cluttering
2155:Paraphilia
2038:DiseasesDB
1244:The Lancet
956:Pediatrics
910:: 229–31.
791:: 358–63.
696:References
559:The Lancet
516:, whereas
510:medication
446:Haematuria
387:osmolarity
231:toxicology
176:and other
170:operations
70:Psychiatry
66:Psychology
3293:Catatonia
3225:Psychosis
3060:Postnatal
3043:Nightmare
2649:Wandering
2502:Dysthymia
2470:Bipolar I
2425:Pervasive
2240:Pyromania
2165:Voyeurism
2160:Fetishism
2073:emerg/830
2070:emerg/322
2062:eMedicine
1849:cite book
1307:220136795
875:0309-2402
621:support.
554:self-harm
548:In 1951,
506:prognosis
468:Treatment
412:ingestion
216:Diagnosis
209:pediatric
154:illnesses
61:Specialty
3028:Insomnia
2698:Neurotic
2665:Delirium
2591:Dementia
2430:Specific
2067:med/3543
1958:11 April
1816:12418075
1808:16702708
1779:40739963
1771:16817003
1669:Archived
1639:17878508
1596:16497118
1514:(1995),
1504:Archived
1409:Archived
1392:10923952
1350:12418075
1342:16702708
1299:25235514
1264:14805062
1229:12422889
1217:Vesalius
1134:10774844
1088:23592802
1047:23592802
1005:Medscape
978:17473106
924:20888004
805:12972228
789:Elsevier
658:See also
576:—
235:cultures
166:hospital
150:symptoms
110:sympathy
3489:Related
3393:Authors
2737:Anxiety
2576:PDD-NOS
2465:Bipolar
2118: (
2032:D009110
1903:4072733
1485:28 July
1475:9794296
883:7714287
528:History
435:albumin
243:CT scan
239:thyroid
94:illness
90:disease
84:, is a
3500:(game)
3481:(1988)
3473:(1984)
3465:(1979)
3457:(1962)
3449:(1943)
3441:(1940)
3433:(1933)
3425:(1911)
2981:Eating
2829:Stress
2746:Phobia
2702:stress
2561:Autism
2354:Speech
2143:Sexual
2021:301.51
1939:
1909:
1901:
1870:
1837:
1814:
1806:
1777:
1769:
1738:
1637:
1594:
1473:
1390:
1348:
1340:
1305:
1297:
1262:
1227:
1191:
1164:
1132:
1086:
1045:
976:
922:
881:
873:
830:
803:
748:
719:
637:sadism
98:injury
3414:Films
3286:Other
3015:sleep
2802:Other
2658:Other
2524:Mania
2196:Other
2006:F68.1
1911:40707
1907:S2CID
1812:S2CID
1775:S2CID
1346:S2CID
1303:S2CID
1295:JSTOR
1213:(PDF)
500:, or
496:, an
477:, or
253:, or
133:abuse
112:, or
3190:and
2839:PTSD
2453:Mood
2293:ADHD
2043:8459
2027:MeSH
2016:9-CM
1960:2013
1937:ISBN
1921:and
1899:PMID
1868:ISBN
1855:link
1835:ISBN
1831:9–10
1804:PMID
1767:PMID
1736:ISBN
1635:PMID
1592:PMID
1487:2009
1471:PMID
1388:PMID
1338:PMID
1260:PMID
1225:PMID
1189:ISBN
1162:ISBN
1130:PMID
1084:PMID
1043:PMID
974:PMID
920:PMID
879:PMID
871:ISSN
828:ISBN
801:PMID
746:ISBN
717:ISBN
160:and
3227:and
2814:OCD
2342:RAD
2337:DAD
2303:ODD
2012:ICD
1997:ICD
1891:doi
1796:doi
1759:doi
1625:doi
1584:doi
1543:doi
1463:doi
1459:280
1380:doi
1330:doi
1287:doi
1279:BMJ
1252:doi
1248:257
1074:doi
1033:doi
964:doi
960:119
912:doi
863:doi
793:doi
512:or
395:or
152:of
104:to
3546::
3186:,
2700:,
2065::
2041::
2030::
2019::
2004::
2001:10
1905:.
1897:.
1887:72
1885:.
1851:}}
1847:{{
1833:.
1810:.
1802:.
1792:49
1790:.
1773:.
1765:.
1755:27
1753:.
1692:.
1680:^
1633:.
1621:48
1619:.
1613:.
1590:.
1578:.
1539:20
1537:.
1523:^
1469:.
1457:.
1451:.
1424:^
1415:,
1386:.
1376:93
1374:.
1358:^
1344:.
1336:.
1326:49
1324:.
1301:.
1293:.
1281:.
1258:.
1246:.
1219:.
1215:.
1126:28
1124:.
1120:.
1082:.
1070:50
1068:.
1064:.
1041:.
1029:50
1027:.
1023:.
1002:.
986:^
972:.
958:.
954:.
918:.
904:44
902:.
877:.
869:.
855:21
853:.
799:.
785:25
783:.
568::
419:,
245:,
124:.
108:,
96:,
92:,
68:,
3378:e
3371:t
3364:v
2418:)
2414:(
2122:)
2108:e
2101:t
2094:v
2014:-
1999:-
1989:D
1962:.
1945:.
1913:.
1893::
1876:.
1857:)
1843:.
1818:.
1798::
1781:.
1761::
1744:.
1641:.
1627::
1598:.
1586::
1580:9
1549:.
1545::
1489:.
1465::
1394:.
1382::
1352:.
1332::
1309:.
1289::
1283:2
1266:.
1254::
1231:.
1221:8
1197:.
1170:.
1136:.
1090:.
1076::
1049:.
1035::
1008:.
980:.
966::
926:.
914::
885:.
865::
836:.
807:.
795::
754:.
725:.
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.